USHJA Zone 12
3’0” Medal
Study Guide may be found at http://www.ushja.org/programs/youth/HQC_studyguide.pdf
Anatomy, Physiology and Conformation
1. At a standstill, a horse carries approximately
A. 50%
B. 55%
C. 65%
D. 70%
2. The
of his weight on the forelegs.
has a significant role in the circulation of the foot
A. Wall
B. Frog
C. Sole
D. Laminae
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
is synonymous with “P3” and the third pastern bone.
Coffin bone
Sesamoid bone
Short pastern bone
Long pastern bone
4. About how long does it take for food to pass through the entire digestive system?
A. 3 days
B. 3 hours
C. 5 days
D. 5 hours
5. Muscles usually work in pairs because
A. One may get injured.
B. It makes their job easier
C. Muscles can only pull
D. Muscles can only push
.
6. A powerful hindquarter for strength and power, a more upright build in the topline, a normal to
longer back and good substance and bone describe conformation qualities which should be
emphasized in a(n):
A. Hunter
B. Jumper
C. Equitation horse
D. Model breeding prospect
7. A more uphill balance, a thin throatlatch that attaches to a shorter, more upright neck, a strong
loin and compact back for easy collection and lead changes, a forward tipping femur for better
impulsion and a supple, attractive horse are conformation qualities which should be emphasized in
a(n):
A. Hunter
B. Jumper
C. Equitation horse
D. Breeding class prospect
8. A level topline from ears to tail, a long, laid-back shoulder for long, ground-covering strides, a
long forearm and short cannon for daisy-cutter movement, a beautiful head, thin throatlatch and
long well-tied-in neck, a normal length of back and a balanced hindquarter are conformation
qualities which should be emphasized in a(n):
A. Hunter
B. Jumper
C. Equitation horse
D. Dressage horse
9. This system is often associated with the circulatory system. It includes the nodes, vessels and
other tissues that circulate its fluid through the body.
A. Respiratory
B. Lymphatic
C. Reproductive
D. Musculoskeletal
Bandaging
10. When using ice bandages, ice should be applied for no longer than:
A. 10 to 20 minutes
B. 20 to 30 minutes
C. 40 to 40 minutes
D. As long as it has not melted
11. Which of the following is not an appropriate use for a pressure bandage?
A. To stop bleeding
B. To stop proud flesh
C. After a strenuous work out
D. To prevent swelling after a recent injury
12. Which of these is a commonly used sweat medication?
A. Ichthammol
B. Zinc ointment
C. Hydrocortizone cream
D. Nitrafurazone ointment
13. Which bandage is wrapped down around the ankle joint in an upside down V- formation?
A. Polo bandage
B. Figure eight bandage
C. Shipping bandage
D. Spider bandage
14. Which of the following is not a bandaging mistake?
A. Uneven, lumpy padding
B. Uneven closure tension
C. Bandage is firm and even over the whole length
D. No padding showing above and below edges of the bandage
Conditioning
15.
exercise increases the heart rate and, subsequently, increases the
circulation of oxygen through the blood.
A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Cardiovascular
D. Interval training
16. This condition describes a horse that does not sweat during hot weather.
A. Anhidrosis
B. Azorturia
C. Beta resistor
D. Semi-sweater
17. Which of the following does not cause muscle fatigue in horses?
A. Routine physical exertion
B. Working alternatively at slow and fast gaits
C. Working at a gait or speed past the horse’s current level of conditioning
D. Pushing the muscles too hard and too soon without allowing them the opportunity
to strengthen and develop
First Aid
18. Wounds that require sutures can be treated with _
A. Spray ointments
B. Water soluble ointments
C. Petroleum based ointments
D. Should only be cleaned out
prior to being sutured.
19. The skin on a horse’s lower limbs heals slowly due to lack of muscle and:
A. Cold
B. Gravity
C. Lack of blood supply
D. Proximity to contaminants
20. The decision to stitch a wound depends on all of the following except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Esthetics
Location
Skin tension
Degree of tissue damage
21. Antiseptic powders and sprays do all of the following except:
A. Obstruct drainage
B. Promote proud flesh
C. Dry the margins of a wound
D. Lead to the accumulation of exudates
22. This wound is a clean cut that looks as if it were made with a piece of glass or a scalpel.
A. Slit
B. Rent
C. Incision
D. Laceration
23. This wound is jagged and looks as if it were made by barbed wire.
A. Rip
B. Gash
C. Laceration
D. Sequestrum
24. This wound looks like road rash.
A. Gravel
B. Tarmac
C. Abrasion
D. Contusion
25. This wound is caused by a nail or splinter.
A. Divot
B. Sulci
C. Gorge
D. Puncture
26. This wound is caused by a kick or blow.
A. Bang
B. Trauma
C. Contusion
D. Compression
27. Anaerobic bacteria such as clostridium is found:
A. In straw
B. In shavings
C. In spores in manure
D. Specifically in mares
Grooming and Blanketing
28. When removing your horse’s blanket:
A. Undo the chest buckles first
B. Drag the blanket off the horse’s back
C. Undo the surcingles and leg straps first
D. Throw the blanket on the ground until you need it again
29. When clipping the muzzle you would use:
A. 10 blades
B. 15 blades
C. 30 blades
D. 40 blades
30. When body clipping the horse you would use:
A. 10 blades
B. 15 blades
C. 30 blades
D. 40 blades
31. When is the best time to give your horse a full grooming?
A. Before you compete in a horse show
B. After a bath when the horse is still wet
C. Before you ride when the horse is very dirty
D. After you ride when the horse’s pores are open
Horse Handling
32. When preparing to turn a horse loose in his stall or paddock:
A. Chase him away from the door or gate
B. Do not walk into the stall or paddock with the horse
C. Turn him loose when he is facing away from the door or gate
D. Always close stall door or paddock gate
33. How do horses learn?
A. Stimulation
B. Watching other horses
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Association, by connecting a signal with a behavior
34. When training a horse by using positive reinforcement, an example of a reward is:
A. Salt block
B. A punishment
C. Break from work
D. Long, open gallop
35. In order to learn, a horse needs to connect his behavior with a reward within:
A. 1 to 3 seconds
B. 4 to 6 seconds
C. 2 to 5 minutes
D. Time is not a factor
36. Safety consists of knowledge, planning, and
A. Liability
B. Executing
C. Dependability
D. Responsibility
.
Horse Health
37. A healthy horse passes soft manure about
A. 4 times a day
B. 6 times a day
C. 8 times a day
D. 10 times a day
38. A normal, healthy, adult horse has a temperature between:
A. 97 and 98 degrees Fahrenheit
B. 98 and 99 degrees Fahrenheit
C. 99 and 101 degrees Fahrenheit
D. 101 and 102 degrees Fahrenheit
39. Which of the following would be considered an elevated heart rate?
A. 24 beats per minute
B. 30 beats per minute
C. 40 beats per minute
D. 54 beats per minute
40. Edema is:
A. Foot tenderness
B. Muscle cramping
C. Swelling; a localized buildup of fluid
D. A crusty skin irritation typically beneath the saddle area
41. The common drug, Xylazine (Rompun®) is a(n):
A.
B.
C.
D.
Antibiotic
Tranquilizer or sedative
Corticosteroid or anti-inflammatory
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
42. What are the horse’s vital signs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Temperature, pulse and respiration
Temperature, pulse and recovery rate
Temperance, pulse and recovery rate
Temperature, plasma count and rate of return
43. To establish your horse’s base line vital signs, you should:
A. Take his vital signs before he works every day
B. Take his vital signs 3 times a day for one week
C. Take his vital signs 1 time a day for one month
D. Take his vital signs before he works and after he cools out
44. Normal horse urine is not:
A. Cloudy
B. Viscous
C. Straw colored
D. Amber or brown tinged
Riding Theory
45. Who does George Morris attribute to implementing the forward seat system of riding?
A. Mary Chapot
B. George Morris
C. William Steinkraus
D. Harry Chamberlain
46. The expression “light contact” means:
A. 5 pounds of pressure
B. 6 pounds of pressure
C. A steady light feel of the mouth
D. The rider carries the weight of the rein
47. When jumping, the rider’s angles become more closed:
A. By the horse
B. By the jump
C. By the rider’s desire
D. In the flight of the jump
48. The seats used in the forward riding system are the:
A. Balance, full, half and driving
B. Full, half, three quarter and light
C. Half, three quarter, balance and driving
D. Full, half, light and driving
49. Practicing the half seat in schooling different movements strengthens the:
A. Seat
B. Thigh
C. Lower leg
D. Lower back
50. Practicing the full seat at different gaits with and without stirrups strengthens the:
A. Seat
B. Thigh
C. Lower leg
D. Lower back
51. In the automatic release:
A.
B.
C.
D.
The contact is active
Should be done quickly
The hands follow the mouth
The contact gets stronger as the horse leaves the ground
52. The rider’s left hand moves towards the left hip when using the
A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Bearing
D. Opening
rein.
53. This rein gives direction without taking away forward movement.
A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Bearing
D. Opening
54. This rein is performed by placing the inside hand on the withers or neck and pulling
strongly up and back with the outside hand.
A. Pulley
B. Bearing
C. Short stop
D. Emergency
55. Collection results from:
A. Draw reins
B. Strong aids
C. Dressage tests
D. Impulsion and flexion
56. Another name for haunches in is:
A. Renvers
B. Side pass
C. Travers
D. Two track
57. Another name for haunches out is:
A. Travers
B. Renvers
C. Two track
D. Pirouette
58. The turn on the haunches helps to:
A. Increase the engagement and carrying power of the inside hind leg
B. Increase the engagement and carrying power of the outside hind leg
C. Supple and lighten the haunches
D. Supple and lighten the whole horse while adding engagement to the haunches
59. A walk cavaletti can be set:
A.
B.
C.
D.
2’8” to 3’3” apart
2’6” to 3 feet apart
A walk cavaletti should not be used
2’9” to 3 feet apart
60. For horses, trot cavaletti are usually set:
A. 2’9” to 4 feet apart
B. 3’6” to 4 feet apart
C. 4 feet to 4’9” apart
D. 4’3” to 5 feet apart
61. A
fence requires a wider jump with greater scope.
A. Hogsback
B. Liverpool
C. Triple bar
D. All of the above
62. When jumping combinations, the
to
ability to re-balance quickly and curl around the jump.
A. Oxer / vertical
B. Vertical / oxer
C. Oxer / oxer
D. Vertical / vertical
63. When jumping combinations, the
A. Oxer / vertical
B. Vertical / oxer
C. Oxer / oxer
D. Vertical / vertical
64. When jumping combinations, the
engagement and accuracy.
A. Oxer / vertical
B. Vertical / oxer
C. Oxer / oxer
D. Vertical / vertical
to
requires
the
requires scope, balance and accuracy.
to
65. When jumping combinations, the
to
to land in balance but going forward with a driving stride.
A. Oxer / vertical
B. Vertical / oxer
C. Oxer / oxer
D. Vertical / vertical
requires balance,
requires the ability