Excretory System:
Function: maintain homeostasis by ____________________________________ materials from the _________
• Every cell produces __________________________________ (waste products from chemical reactions)
• The _________________ by which these wastes are eliminated is called ______________________
• ________________________: process of removing _________________ from the body
Many _____________________________________ involved in removing waste:
• The ___________________ excretes _____________________________________ in the form of sweat
• The ______________________ excrete ____________________________________
• The _________________________ also play a major role in excretion.
Nitrogenous Waste
• Proteins are made of ____________________________________________
• When protein is broken down, excess _______________________________ are released into the blood
• _________________ converts them into useful compounds but some _________________________ is
left over as ____________________ and converted into _______________ (in mammals)
Kidney Function:
• Remove ____________________________ waste from __________________(__________________)
• Maintain _____________________________________________
• Regulate __________________ content of the blood & involved in maintaining good
___________________
Human Kidneys are a _______________________________________________________________________
about 10 cm (4 inches) long
“______________” blood ____________ each kidney via the ________________________________ and
“___________” ______________ via the__________________________________
About ___________ of the blood pumped by _______________________________ passes through the kidneys
Structure:
Label your diagrams:
A kidney has two
distinct regions:
Renal medulla_________________
Renal cortex_________________
Nephrons – small, delicate parts of the kidneys that ________________________________________________
Purification of Blood:
1) Filtration:
Blood is filtered in a _____________________________________ called the ________________
The glomerulus is located in a _______________________ structure called _______________________
which is found in the ____________________
The materials filtered from the blood include _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________ remain in the blood because they are too
_________________ to pass through the ___________________________________ walls.
2) Reabsorption:
Almost ____________ of the water is ____________________________into the blood
__________________________________-section of nephron involved in water ____________;
it is located in the kidney’s ______________________
Material that remains is _______________________
Make sure to label your diagram of the nephron above
Elimination of Urine:
_________________________ – carries urine to urinary bladder
Urinary bladder – saclike organ where _________________________
before being excreted
Urine leaves the body from the urinary bladder through the
______________
_________________ muscles near the junction of the urethra and
bladder control urination
Control of Kidney function:
• Kidney function is controlled by ___________________________
and _________________________________
• The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water is_____________________________________
Kidney Disorders
– Humans have ___________________ kidneys, but can survive
with only ____________
– If both kidneys are damaged there are two options:
• kidney ___________________________
• kidney ____________________________