ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д! ।93-120 ᡉ⇸⎳ཏඪᡉ⇸ዩ᐀ᵫᡉ⇸်᮵ ᐮኡ℣ᗄ྅Ḯ⎑ኹᒩᇧ ֈ٫ᑻ* Ƞᄔाȡ ȨჹѦၗૻϦ໒ȩᆶȨ،ܴȩǴࢂᑽໆ୯ৎ҇ޑЬϯำࡋ ᆶჴ፦҇Ьᕮਏෳໆޑख़ाࡰǴՠࢂǴȨჹϣಔᙃޑၗૻϦ໒ȩ ᆶȨϣޑ،ܴȩჹ҇ܭЬᕮਏޑቹៜ܄ϝࢂ҂ှϐǶҁЎ ᙖҗΒɄΒԃޑᆵЎ۔ፓၗ 1 ǴаൻޑϦӅՉࡹࣴز Ȑevidence-based public administrationȑࣁ୷ᘵǴ၂კѐᙶమӧϦ ߐಔᙃϣǴߚ҅ԄϯޑಔᙃΚჹ۬ࡹܭᕮਏޑቹៜࣁ܄ՖǹаϷ ಔᙃϣޑಔᙃ҅ကՉ٬ǴϷϣܴࡋޑำࡋǴࢂցჹܭᕮਏᆅ ԖӢ݀ᜢ߯ϐೱௗǴаϷ೭ΟޣȐಔᙃΚǵಔᙃ҅ကаϷಔᙃ ܴࡋȑӧᕮਏޑቹៜ߄Ξࢂԋ࡛ኬޑᜢ߯Ǵቚࡹ۬ᕮਏޑ ࡹ۬ߔΚکЋࣁۭډՖǶġ ዺВයǺ102 ԃ 1 Д 4 ВǹௗڙтฦВයǺ102 ԃ 4 Д 30 ВǶ * ࡹݯεᏢϦӅՉࡹᏢسറγғǴe-mail: [email protected]Ƕ 1 婾㔯⇅䧧䘤堐㕤⚳䩳⎘䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㓧㱣⬠䞼䨞㈧彎䘬ˬ2012 ⎘䀋㓧㱣⬠㚫⸜㚫⬠埻䞼 妶㚫˭ˤデ嫅姽婾Ṣ埴㓧昊Ṣḳ埴㓧䷥嗽⛘㕡埴㓧䞼佺ᷕ⽫㛶⾈㬋ᷣả䴎Ḱ䘬⮞屜シ 夳炻ẍ⍲ 2012TGBS炷⎘䀋㔯⭀婧㞍-II炸㚱侩ⷓ冯⛀昲⮵㬌婧㞍Ẁ↢䘬≒≃炻䈡⇍デ 嫅柀⮶⛀昲䘬昛㔎㸸侩ⷓ⛐㬌䞼䨞忶䦳ᷕ䴎Ḱ䘬⮞屜㊯⮶⺢嬘ˤ㛔㔯䞼䨞屯㕁Ἦ冒 㕤昛㔎㸸㔁㌰䘬⚳䥹㚫ˬ㮹ᷣ㱣䎮ᶳ䘬㓧⹄㓰傥烉℔ℙ㚵⊁≽㨇ˣ䷩㔯䷇䭨ˣ冯㓧⊁/ḳ ⊁斄Ὢ炷⎘䀋㔯⭀婧㞍-II炸˭炻䞼䨞妰∫䶐嘇烉NSC 100-2410-H-004-097-MY2ˤ Ʉ93Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д ҁЎ२Ӄዴҥख़ाᡂۓޑကᆶෳໆБݤǴ٬Ҕ 1,475 ҽޑᒿ ᐒܜኬፓୢڔၗǴځၗٰྍࣁഋඩྍ௲܌ЬϐȨ҇Ьݯ Π۬ࡹޑਏૈǺϦӅ୍ܺᐒǵᕷЎⵏǵᆶࡹ୍ʑ٣୍ᜢ߯ ȐᆵЎ۔ፓ-IIȩޑ୯ࣽፓࣴزीฝǶӧࣴزϩ߾٬Ҕ ӭϡᘜϩࡌҥኳࠠǶ ӧࣴزԋ݀ǴวӧቹៜಔᙃᕮਏޑᡂচӢǴȨಔᙃ ΚȩᗨฅჹᕮਏԖቹៜǴՠࠅಔᙃޑϦ໒ำࡋ܌১ϯǴΨ൩ ࢂᇥಔᙃࡋڋύ҅ाख़ຎࢂޑȨಔᙃܴࡋȩаϷȨಔᙃ҅ ကȩޑᆅǴωૈౢрКၨӳޑᕮਏǴԶߚቚঁΓޑಔᙃΚǶ Ѐځձाख़ຎಔᙃϣᜢܭȨၗૻܴȩаϷȨϩଛ҅ကȩޑՉ ٬ǴӵૈஒϣϯࣁಔᙃЎϯޑख़ाಔᙃᆒઓǴ൩ૈᐟᓰЎ۔ӧಔ ᙃϣ߄׳ǴᏤр׳ӳޑಔᙃᕮਏԋ݀߄Ƕ [ᜢᗖຒ]Ǻࡹ۬ᆅǵᕮਏǵಔᙃ҅ကǵಔᙃܴࡋǵಔᙃΚ The Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FedView survey) is a tool that measures employees’ perceptions of whether, and to what extent, conditions characterizing successful organizations are present in their agencies. - ⺽冒伶⚳Ṣḳ䭉䎮⯨炷U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2012炸⭀䵚 ൦ȃࠉِġ 冢䀋㮹ᷣㄊㄊ崘⎹⮵㕤德㖶⊾䘬㷜㯪炻⤪ˬ屯妲德㖶⊾˭炻⽆ẍ⼨⦩㪲㓧⹄⮩ 攱⺷䘬⦩㪲屯妲䭉䎮炻旣㑳㮹攻䌚⼿℔ℙ㓧䫾䚠斄屯妲ㆾ⍫冯炻崘⎹ㅚ㱽岎ḰṢ㮹 䘬㮹ᷣ借㪲埴ἧ炻侴㓧⹄ḇ⛐Ḵ˕˕Ḽ⸜ㇻ攳㼀㛝㉱ᷳ䙺炻℔⏲㕥埴ˬ㓧⹄屯妲℔ 攳㱽˭炻ᾅ晄Ṣ㮹䞍䘬㪲⇑炻嬻㮹䛦冯㓧⹄ᷳ屯妲㧳慵㕘㍍年ˤ㓧⹄䘬ˬ屯妲℔ 攳˭冯ˬ㰢䫾德㖶˭炻㗗堉慷⚳⭞㮹ᷣ⊾䦳⹎冯⮎岒㮹ᷣ䷦㓰㷔慷䘬慵天㊯㧁ˤỮ 㗗ˬ⮵ℏ䳬䷼䘬屯妲℔攳˭冯ˬℏ悐䘬㰢䫾德㖶˭⮵㕤㮹ᷣ䷦㓰䘬⼙枧⿏ṵ㗗㛒妋 Ʉ94Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ ᷳ徟ˤ伶⚳Ṣḳ䭉䎮⯨娵䁢炻ᶨᾳㆸ≇䳬䷼䘬䈡刚炻⛐㕤䳬䷼⽭枰天⍣Ḯ妋ℏ悐⒉ ⶍ䘬゛㱽ẍ⍲ ṃṨ湤炻⚈㬌㭷ℑ⸜冱埴ἳ埴倗恎⒉ⶍ⓷⌟婧㞍炻娎⚾妋攳啷㕤䳬 ䷼ℏ悐⎗∝忈列⤥䷦㓰䘬⚈䳈䁢ỽˤ 侴冢䀋䘬㓧⹄㔯⭀⛐Ḵ˕˕ℓ⸜⇵᷎㛒忚埴ℐ⚳㔯⭀䘬ℐ朊Ḯ妋炻䛇㬋攳⥳䞼 䨞ㅱ㗗Ḵ˕˕ℓ⸜䓙昛㔎㸸㔁㌰忚埴䘬冢䀋㔯⭀婧㞍炷TGBS炸炻侴Ḵ˕ᶨḴ⸜ ⇯㗗䫔Ḵ㫉䘬㔯⭀婧㞍炻䧙䁢 TGBS IIˤ⛐㬌㫉婧㞍ᷕ炻⮯㲐シ≃⽆⢾悐栏⭊䘬㺧 シ炷䷦㓰炸忋㍍⇘ℏ悐栏⭊䘬⓷柴ᶲˤ娎⚾⍣Ḯ妋℔悐攨䳬䷼攻炻⮵㕤㛔幓ℏ悐栏 ⭊䘬䳬䷼㬋佑埴ἧ℔悐攨䘬䷦㓰䭉䎮䘬⚈㝄斄Ὢ忋㍍ˤỮ⛐℔悐攨攻⮵㕤㓧⹄ℏ 悐䘬䳬䷼㬋佑⮎嫱屯㕁⌣朆ⷠ仢⮹烊悐↮䁢㛒䘤堐䘬䡑⢓婾㔯屯㕁炻啱䓙╖ᶨ㨇斄 ℏ䘬⮷✳䩳シ婧㞍忚埴↮㜸炻⤪徨庼㚫炷昛ṳ䓇炻2006炸ˣ⚳䆇ẩ㤕炷㰇⚳㱱炻 2004炸ˣ冢⋿䷋➢Ⰼ彚㚫炷㜿忠Ⲙ炻2004炸ˣ⎘暣℔⎠炷㳒㸀晭炻2004炸ㆾ侭㗗⮵ 㕤䳬䷼⇞⹎ᶲ䘬婧㞍炻⤪℔⊁Ṣ⒉䷦㓰姽Ộ冯䋶㆚⇞⹎炷㜿忚㖶炻2003炸ˣ埴㓧㨇 斄䷦㓰䋶慹炷姙▱ⲣ炻2006炸ㆾ侫䷦⇞⹎炷湫Ἓ剻炻2006炸ˤ 㛔㔯⽆⽒嫱䘬℔ℙ埴㓧䞼䨞炷evidence-based public administration炸䘬奺⹎↢ 䘤炻啱䓙Ḵ˕ᶨḴ⸜冢䀋㔯⭀婧㞍䘬屯㕁烊忳䓐嬲䔘㔠↮㜸炷Analysisi of Varlance, ANOVA炸ˣ䚠斄↮㜸⍲⣂⃫徜㬠↮㜸炻⍣㍊㯪℔悐攨㗗⏎㑩㚱㗱⋯德㖶ᶼ≇䷦㶭 㤂䘬㬋佑⍲德㖶⹎炻⍲⮵䷦㓰㱣䎮㗗⏎㚱斄挝䘬⼙枧炻᷎ᶼ⽆䳬䷼䘬⎎ᶨ朊炻䞼䨞 ᷕ厗䳬䷼㔯⊾ᷕ慵夾䘬朆㬋⺷⊾䘬䳬䷼㪲≃䪞⤒炻℞⮵㕤䷦㓰䘬⼙枧⍰㗗䁢ỽ烊ẍ ⍲⛐䷦㓰䘬⼙枧堐䎦ᶲ炻䳬䷼㪲≃ˣ䳬䷼㬋佑䳬䷼德㖶⹎忁ᶱ侭攻⍰㗗⼊ㆸ⾶㧋 䘬斄Ὢ炻忚侴Ḯ妋ỽ䁢⡆忚㓧⹄䷦㓰䘬㓧⹄旣≃㍐ㇳˤġ ຯȃМᝦ౩፣ᇄंـ೩ᇳ݂ġ 㛔㔯ᷣ天㍊㯪䘬㗗⼙枧䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⼙枧⚈䳈炻⛐㓧⹄斄㕤䷦㓰䘬䭉䎮䞼䨞ᶲ炻 ⣏悐↮⮳㯪䘬㗗䷦㓰䭉䎮姽Ộⶍ℟ᶲ䘬朑㕘炻⤪伶⚳㓧⹄䘬㓧⹄䷦㓰冯ㆸ㝄㱽 炷Government Performance and Results Act, GPRA 炸ˣ䷥䴙䭉䎮㖍䦳 炷 President Management Agenda, PMA炸冯⮰㟰姽Ộ↮䳂ⶍ℟炷Program Assessment Rating Tool, PART 炸 䫱䷦㓰姽Ộ㧉⺷炻ㆾ㗗劙⚳㓧⹄䘬临昶炷next steps炸⍲℔㮹ㅚ䪈䫱㓡朑 䫱烊㚜䓂侭⤪⮵姽Ộⶍ℟炻⤪⸛堉妰↮⌉ㆾ侭㗗斄挝䷦㓰姽Ộ㊯㧁炷KPI炸䫱䘬䞼 Ʉ95Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д 䨞ˤ 侴冢䀋ḇ⍫侫伶⚳㓧⹄䷦㓰冯ㆸ㝄㱽炷GPRA炸炻冒Ḵ˕˕ᶨ⸜夷∫姙⣂䷦㓰 䭉䎮⇞⹎ᶲ䘬㓡朑炻⤪妪枺ˬ埴㓧昊Ⱄ⎬㨇斄㕥㓧䷦㓰姽Ộ天溆˭炻Ḵ˕˕ℕ⸜ 攳⥳䘬䅰嘇⇞䭉䎮炻ḇ㕤Ḵ˕˕ḅ⸜⹎妪枺ˬ埴㓧昊Ⱄ⎬㨇斄㕥㓧䷦㓰䭉䎮天 溆˭炻忳䓐⸛堉妰↮⌉炷balanced scorecard炸䱦䤆Ἦ㩊妶⎬枭䘬㕥㓧䷦㓰ˤ䃞侴炻 䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⮎嫱姽Ộ䞼䨞᷎ᶵ⭡㖻炻䷦㓰姽Ộⶍ℟⎗⮵㕤ἧ䓐侭忚埴怑䓐冯⏎䘬㷔 慷炻Ữ㚜㛓䪗䘬䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬堐䎦炻㛔幓⌣㚜暋ẍ⭂佑㷔慷ˤ Ιȃಢᙑᕼਝ 䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⭂佑㷔慷⓷柴⼨⼨怬䈥㴱⇘䷦㓰䘬娵⭂⓷柴炻⛐℔悐攨ᷕ炻䷦㓰 朆⎴䥩悐攨䘬䓊↢慷傥䓴⭂㶭㤂炻㚜㗗墯暄䘬㓧㱣䑘⠫冯䣦㚫㮹䛦奨デ攻䘬㓧㱣奺 ≃炻Sander 冯 Leeuw炷2002炸娵䁢㓧⹄䷦㓰⃭㺧Ḯ䞃䚦炻⤪ἧ䓐䷦㓰㊯㧁炻䷦㓰㊯ 㧁⎗傥朊⎹忶㕤䊡晀炻ㆾ⣒忶➟叿㕤↮㜸炻⌣䃉㱽⽆䷦㓰䳸㝄ᷕ⼿↢㰢⭂䘬↮㜸䘙 䖻炷analysis paralysis炸⓷柴炻㎃⎍娙婒炻䚖㧁拗伖⮯䷦㓰䘬慵溆㓦⛐䷩墯䘬↮㜸㷔 慷炻侴⾥䔍Ḯ䛇㬋䘬䷦㓰堐䎦䁢ỽˤ ℔ℙ悐攨䘬㝸ṃ䷦㓰䳸㝄䈡⿏炻⁷℔悐攨䘬㕥㓧䳸㝄忂ⷠ㗗ᶵ㖶䡢䘬㓧䫾䚖 㧁ˣ朆䆇⇑䘬㴰屣㚵⊁烊ㆾ⚈冒䓙塩慷㪲䘬㒜⣏䓊䓇䘬桐晒⓷柴炻忁悥㗗℔悐攨䷦ 㓰㷔慷ᶲ䘬䞃䚦冯⚘⠫ᷳ嗽ˤ⚈㬌⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻⽆⢾悐崘⎹ℏ悐炻暊攳㊯㧁⿏䘬䷦ 㓰姽Ộ㊯㧁㷔慷炻崘⎹⽆冢䀋䘬ᷕ檀昶㔯⭀䘬ᾳṢ䴻槿デ䞍炷perception炸Ἦ忚埴姽 ₡冒ㆹ䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰ㆸ㝄ˤ ㍉䓐䘬㗗 Brewer 冯 Selden炷2000炸䘬䞼䨞炻㬌䞼䨞ᷣ天㗗Ḯ妋⛐⺢䩳檀䷦㓰 㓧⹄䘬㧉✳ᷕ炻㚱⒒ṃ⼙枧倗恎㓧⹄䷦㓰䘬慵天⚈䳈炻᷎ᶼ㟡㒂 Brewer 冯 Selden 炷2000烉4炸䘬⭂佑炻䳬䷼䷦㓰㗗ᶨ䧖䣦㚫⺢㥳䘬䎦尉炻⏰䎦↢ᷣ奨䘬ˣ墯暄䘬ˣ 暋ẍ㷔慷䘬䈡⿏ˤ㖑㛇斄㕤䳬䷼㓰傥䘬䞼䨞炻⼨⼨斄㲐㕤冯㓰䌯䚠斄䘬朊⎹ᶲ炻Ữ ⌣⾥䔍Ḯ⎎⢾ℑ䧖炻ḇ⯙㗗⸛䫱℔⸛䘬₡ῤ炻ḇ⮶农拗婌䘬䳬䷼䷦㓰⭂佑䳸 㝄炻⚈㬌ṾᾹ娵䁢⽆䳬䷼䘬䓴䶂Ἦ䚳炻䳬䷼䷦㓰⎗ẍ↮ㆸℏ⢾ℑ䧖炻⽆埴㓧₡ῤἮ 䚳炻䳬䷼䷦㓰⎗↮ㆸᶱ䧖朊⎹炻䷥ℙ⎗Ṍ⍱↢ℕ䧖ᶵ⎴尉旸䘬䳬䷼䷦㓰⎗ẍ忼ㆸ炻 炷⺽冒昛㔎㸸ˣ䯉懢䍺炻2012烉11炸ˤ ⮯℞㔜䎮⤪堐 1烉 Ʉ96Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ ߒ IJġ ġ ŃųŦŸŦų ᇄ ŔŦŭťŦů ޟϲᆍಢᙑᕼਝġ ℏ⛐炷internal炸䷦㓰 ⢾⛐炷external炸䷦㓰 㓰䌯炷efficiency炸 Type I Type IV 㓰傥炷effectiveness炸 Type II Type V ℔⸛炷fairness炸 Type III Type VI 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Brewer 冯 Selden炷2000: 4炸烊ἄ侭冒埴㔜䎮 ⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬㷔慷ᶲ炻Brewer 冯 Selden炷2000炸ἧ䓐䘬㗗ᶨḅḅℕ⸜≇䷦⥼ ⒉㚫䘬≇䷦⍇⇯婧㞍屯㕁炻㟡㒂娚婧㞍屯㕁炻㷔慷䳬䷼䷦㓰柴䳬ℙ㚱ℕ忻柴炻㭷ᾳ 朊⎹⎬㚱ᶨ忻柴炻㔜ᾳ柴䳬䘬 Cronbach α ῤ䁢 .70炻⯙⇅㍊⿏䞼䨞䘬㧁㸾Ἦ䚳炻ᾉ ⹎列⤥炷㜿暯ⱑ炻2007烉197炸烊侴 Kim炷2005炸⍫侫 Brewer 冯 Selden炷2000炸⮵ 㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬↮栆炻Ữ⮯㭷ᾳ朊⎹⡆≈⇘⎬ 2 柴炻㔜ᾳ柴䳬䘬 Cronbach α ῤ檀忼 0.8735炻ḇ栗䣢↢ᾉ⹎列⤥炷⺽冒昛㔎㸸ˣ䯉懢䍺炻2012烉11炸ˤỮ⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻 䴻忶䞼䨞⛀昲䘬儎≃㽨䚒炻⛐㭷ᶨᾳ㥳朊ᶲ⡆≈ᶨ柴冢䀋怑䓐䘬㛔⛇⓷柴炻㭷ᾳ朊 枭ℙᶱ柴炻ℙ㚱 18 柴炻2ẍ㷔慷冢䀋䘬㔯⭀䷦㓰ね⼊ˤ Πȃಢᙑғဎ౩፣ 䳬䷼䎮婾⮵㕤⒉ⶍ䘬ⶍἄ埴䁢ン⹎㚱䚠䔞⣂䘬↮㜸炻℞ᷕ䘬䳬䷼㬋佑 3 炷organizational justice炸⛐姙⣂䭉䎮䎮婾ᷕ娵䁢⮵㕤⒉ⶍ埴䁢㚱℞⼙枧⿏炻䘤䎦⒉ ⶍ⛐℞䞍奢ⶍἄ⟜➇䘬娵䞍℔⸛⿏炻㚫⼙枧ⶍἄ㺧シ䦳⹎ẍ⍲ⶍἄ届䌣堐䎦炻㟡㒂 Sungjoo ⛐Ḵ˕ᶨᶨ䘬䞼䨞ᶲ䘤䎦炻䳬䷼㬋佑冯㔯⭀䘬ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ˣᾉả⹎ˣ暊借 䫱⓷柴㚱℞䚠斄⿏炻ḇ⯙㗗婒䳬䷼䘬䳬䷼㬋佑埴ἧ䦳⹎Ỷ炻⒉ⶍ⮵㕤䳬䷼䘬ᾉả⹎ ḇỶ炻ᶼḇ庫㚫㚱暊借䘬⎹ˤ 䳬䷼㬋佑⎗↮䁢ᶱ朊⎹Ἦ妶婾炻ḇ⯙㗗↮惵㬋佑炷distributive justice炸炻䦳⸷ 㬋佑炷procedural justice炸ẍ⍲Ṣ晃㬋佑炷interpersonal justice炸ˤ㬌ᶨ䎮婾⎗婒Ἦ冒 Adams炷1963炸䘬℔⸛䎮婾炻ḇ䧙䁢䣦㚫Ṍ㎃䎮婾炷Social Exchange Theory炸ˤ㬌 2 ⼴䴻忶⚈䳈↮㜸⼴⇒䁢 16 柴炻⤪堐 4ˤ 3 㚱ṃ冢䀋䘬㔯䌣㚫⮯ organizational justice 䘬䎮婾侣嬗ㆸˬ䳬䷼℔⸛˭烊Ữ⛐㛔㔯ᶲ娵䁢 ℞䎮婾シ佑㚜層役䳬䷼㬋佑炻⚈㬌ἧ䓐ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭ᶨ娆ˤ Ʉ97Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д ᶨ䎮婾婒㖶⒉ⶍ䘬℔⸛デᷣ天Ἦ冒㕤⟙愔䘬℔⸛⿏炻ḇ⯙㗗婒⒉ⶍ⮯䳬䷼ᷕ⼿⇘ 䘬⚆⟙冯冒⮵㕤䳬䷼䘬㈽ℍ㭼ἳ炻冯℞ṾṢ㭼ἳ忚埴㭼庫炻䔞䘤䎦㭼ἳ㗗ᶵ䚠䫱 㗪炻媪䘬ᶵ℔⸛デ⯙㬌䘤䓇炻᷎㓡嬲冒䘬㈽ℍ埴䁢ㆾ怠㑯暊攳忁ᾳ䳬䷼䫱ˤ忁 㗗Ⱄ㕤䳬䷼㬋佑ᷕ䘬↮惵㬋佑炷distributive justice炸炻ḇ㗗⣏⣂㔠㔯䌣ᷕ⛐ἧ䓐䳬 ䷼㬋佑ᶨ娆ἧ䓐䘬炻Ữ昌Ḯ↮惵㬋佑⢾炻䳬䷼㬋佑䎮婾ḇ⮯斄⽫徸㻠廱䦣⇘ˬ䦳 ⸷㬋佑˭炷Greenberg, 1987炸炻ẍ⍲ Bies ⍲ Moag炷1986炸㍸↢䘬ˬṢ晃㬋佑˭ 䘬㤪⾝ˤ 媪䘬䦳⸷㬋佑ẍ⍲Ṣ晃㬋佑炻䦳⸷㬋佑⊭⏓Ḯˬ⼊⺷㬋佑˭冯ˬḺ≽㬋佑˭ Ḵᾳ㥳朊炷Greenberg, 1990a; 1990b炸炻㊯䘬㗗䳬䷼ᷕ䘬⒉ⶍ⮵㕤㰢䫾ㆾ侭㗗⟙愔䘬 ↮惵䘬䦳⸷㗗⏎奢⼿℔⸛炻LeventhalˣKaruza Fry 䫱Ṣ炷1980炸㍸↢↮惵ῷ⤥䎮 婾炷Allocation Preference theory炸炻㊯↢列⤥䘬↮惵䦳⸷傥⣈ἧ↮惵侭䌚⼿㚨㚱₡ ῤ䘬䚖㧁炻ẍ⍲忼ㆸ媪㬋佑䘬䚖䘬炻᷎㍸↢Ḯℓ枭䘬䦳⸷㬋佑⍇⇯ˤ侴Ṣ晃㬋佑 ⊭⏓ℑ䧖㤪⾝炻昌Ḯ⍇㛔䘬Ṣ晃㬋佑炻婒㖶⛐➟埴䳬䷼夷⇯ㆾ㰢䫾㗪炻ᶲᶳⰔᷳ攻 䘬Ḻ≽㗗⏎列⤥ẍ⍲㑩㚱⮲慵烊⎎ᶨ䧖㗗屯妲㬋佑炷informational justice炸炻婒㖶㗗 ⏎䴎䔞ḳṢ⁛忼Ḯㅱ娚㚱䘬㴰〗ㆾ侭㗗屯妲炻ḇ⯙㗗䁢Ṩ湤天忚埴㝸䧖䦳⸷Ἦ忚埴 㰢䫾䘬↮惵ˤGreenberg炷1987炸⮯䳬䷼㬋佑䎮婾忚埴㔜䎮冯↮栆炻⇑䓐ˬ⍵ㅱ-堐 䎦˭炷reactive vs. proactive炸⍲ˬℏ⭡-䦳⸷˭炷content vs. process炸Ḵᾳᶵ⎴㥳 朊炻婒㖶ᶵ⎴䘬㬋佑䎮婾炻4⤪堐 2ˤ ߒ ijġ ġ ಢᙑғဎ౩፣ޟϷ࢜ᄺᇄфߒܒ౩፣ġ ⍵ㅱ炷reactive炸 䧵㤝ᷣ≽炷proactive炸 ℏ⭡炷content炸 忶䦳炷process炸 ℔⸛䎮婾 炷Adams, 1965炸 䦳⸷㬋佑䎮婾 炷Thibaut & Walker, 1975炸 㬋佑⇌㕟䎮婾 ↮惵ῷ⤥䎮婾 炷Leventhal, 1976; 1980炸 炷Leventh, Karuza, & Fry, 1980炸 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Greenberg炷1987: 10炸 4 ⍵ㅱ䎮婾婒㖶ṢᾹ⤪ỽ性ᶵ㬋佑䘬䉨ン炻䧵㤝ᷣ≽䎮婾⇯㗗⛐㕤䧵㤝⟹忈㬋佑䘬䉨 ン烊ℏ⭡䎮婾⛐㕤Ḯ妋䳸㝄䘬↮惵㗗⏎㬋佑炻忶䦳䎮婾⇯Ḯ妋䳬䷼䘬㰢䫾䦳⸷㗗⏎䫎⎰ 㬋佑⍇⇯ˤ Ʉ98Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ 䳬䷼㬋佑忂ⷠ䁢㰢⭂⒉ⶍ䘬ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬慵天⼙枧⚈䳈炻᷎ᶼ䁢䳬䷼䷦㓰䭉䎮 ᷳᶵ⎗仢䘬➢䞛ˤ䞼䨞侭娵䁢⎒天㗗ᾳṢㆸ⯙ᷣ佑䘬⒉ⶍ炻Ṿ⯙⎗ẍ⛐㬌䑘⠫ᶳ塓 㽨⊝᷎⮯Ṿ䘬䷦㓰堐䎦㚨⣏⊾ˤ㎃⎍娙婒炻䳬䷼㬋佑⯙㗗嬻⒉ⶍⶍἄ㺧シ⹎㍸⋯䘬 斄挝䡤炷Lam, Schaubroeck, and Aryee, 2002炸ˤ⚈㬌⎗㍐婾䳬䷼㬋佑䷦㓰㚱朆ⷠ ⣏䘬忋䳸⿏ˤ侴䥩悐攨⮵㕤䳬䷼㬋佑䘬⮎嫱䞼䨞䚠庫㕤℔悐攨Ἦ䘬⣂炻䞼䨞ḇ㊯↢ ↮惵㬋佑ˣ䦳⸷㬋佑Ḻ≽㬋佑忁ᶱ䧖䳬䷼㬋佑炻冯⒉ⶍ䷦㓰堐䎦䘬䡢㚱栗叿䘬㬋 䚠斄䘬⼙枧炷姙枮㖢ˣ恙䐄⨟炻2011炸ˤ℞㛔㔯䘬`姕⤪ᶳ烉 z ଷ 1Ǻಔᙃ҅ကቹៜЎ۔ӧπբᕮਏ߄ޑǶЎ۔ຫᇡࣁಔᙃࢂ҅က ޑǴдຫӧπբᕮਏΚკ߄Ƕ έȃಢᙑ᠌Ψ 䔞⍣㍊䨞⛐䳬䷼ᷕ炻斄㕤㩗朊ᶲᷳ䭉䎮㗗⏎㬋佑䘬埴ἧ㗪炻ᶵ⼿ᶵ⍣䚳䳬䷼䘬 ⎎ᶨ朊炻ḇ⯙㗗㩗朊ᶳ炻Ṣ冯Ṣᷳ攻㗗⏎晙啷㚱䭉䎮ㆾ㪲≃㳩≽䘬忳埴炻ㆾ侭婒䔞 ⛐㩗朊ᶳ䌚⼿㚜⣂㪲≃屯㸸䘬㗪῁炻忁嶇㩗朊ᶲ䘬䳬䷼㬋佑攻䘬斄Ὢ㗗⤪ỽ䘬Ḻ 䚠⼙枧炻⮵㕤䷦㓰⍰㗗⾶㧋䘬堐䎦炻⚈㬌㛔㔯㍊妶⎎ᶨ⚈䳈ᷣ柴䁢ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭ˤ ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭䘬㤪⾝㗗㟡㒂 Newman炷1993炸䘬㔜⎰⿏↮㜸㧉⺷炷ˬṢ≃屯㛔 㧉⺷˭ˣˬ䣦㚫⽫䎮㧉⺷˭ˬ䲣䴙㧉⺷˭炸ᷕ䘬䲣䴙㧉⺷䘬⋯怟晄䣁⚈䳈↮㜸 炷湫䄍㥖炻2000烊Newman, 1993: 372炸ˤ䳬䷼㪲≃㟡㒂 Fagenson炷1990炸䘬䓴⭂炻 ⎗婒㖶䁢䳬䷼ㆸ⒉⛐䳬䷼ᷕ㍍役慵天Ṣ䈑ㆾ侭㑩㚱屯㸸䘬䦳⹎炷Fagenson, 1990: 207炸ˤ侴䳬䷼ᷕ䘬⒉ⶍ⛐㬌䳬䷼㑩㚱䘬䳬䷼㪲≃䘬⣏⮷㚫⼙枧ᾳṢ䘬ḳ㤕䘤 ⯽炻忚侴⼙枧㔜橼䘬䷦㓰堐䎦烊䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰堐䎦㚱㗪天ẘ岜⛐䳬䷼斄挝⿏屯㸸䘬⣂ ⮉炻ἳ⤪䔞䳬䷼暨天䞍忻妋㰢㕡憅㗪炻⤪㝄⎗⍲㗪䌚⼿䚠斄屯㸸䘬⋼≑炻⯙⎗枮⇑ 妋㰢䳬䷼䘬⓷柴ˤ㬋⤪屯㸸ὅ⬀䎮婾炷Resource Dependency Theory炸䘬奨溆炻㪲≃ 㗗Ờ晐叿㍏⇞斄挝⿏屯㸸䘬⣂⮉Ἦ㰢⭂炻䔞䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬⒉ⶍ㑩㚱䳬䷼㪲≃⣂ᶼ 屯㸸⣂䘬㗪῁炻⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰ᶲ⎗傥㚫㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧⿏ˤ Ữ㗗䁢Ḯ⼿⇘䳬䷼㪲≃埴ἧ䘬䳬䷼㓧㱣埴䁢炻᷎朆䁢Ḯ䳬䷼ˤ⤪ Kreitner 炷2001炸娵䁢忁䧖⇣シ䁢Ḯ⼿⇘䳬䷼㪲≃䘬䳬䷼㓧㱣埴䁢炻䚖䘬⎗傥㗗䵕嬟⛀橼䘬 冒ㆹ⇑䙲炻Ữḇ㚱⎗傥㗗⡆忚冒ㆹ䘬⇑䙲ˤˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭⮵㕤䷦㓰ḇ⎗傥㗗屈⎹䘬 ⼙枧斄Ὢ炻⚈䁢䔞䳬䷼⒉ⶍ徥㯪䘬䳬䷼㪲≃᷎朆忳䓐⛐妋㰢䳬䷼䚖㧁ᶲ炻侴㗗⛐ Ʉ99Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д 徥㯪ᾳṢ⇑䙲ᶲ䘬㗪῁炻⯙⎗傥⼊ㆸ䳬䷼ㆸ⒉攻䘬堅䨩ẍ⍲ᶵ媏炻嬲ㆸ㝸䧖䳬䷼ 㓧㱣 埴䁢䘬䪞 徸炻侴忁䧖 䎦 尉⮵㕤䳬 ䷼㚫㚱晙啷᷎ ⎗傥堐䎦 㕤⢾䘬屈朊⼙ 枧 炷Ferris, Frink, Galang, Zhou, Kacmar, and Howard, 1996炸ˤ䔞䃞⮵㕤忼ㆸ䳬䷼䷦㓰 ḇ㚱屈⎹䘬⼙枧ˤỮ⚈℔悐攨䘬⒉ⶍ⮵㕤ⶍἄ䘬℔䙲ἧ␥ᶨ凔䥩Ṣẩ㤕䘬⒉ⶍ㚱 ℞ᶵ⎴炻⚈㬌䫮侭⮯℔悐攨䘬䳬䷼㪲≃䓴⭂⛐⮯屯㸸忳䓐⛐䵕嬟䳬䷼䘬⇑䙲ᶲ炻ḇ ⯙㗗ⶍἄ䘬忼ㆸᶲ炻侴朆⮰㲐㕤ᾳṢ⇑䙲䘬⡆忚炻⚈㬌`姕䳬䷼㪲≃⮵㕤䷦㓰㗗㬋 ⎹䘬侴朆屈朊䘬⼙枧ˤ 侴⛐䳬䷼ᷕ朆㬋⺷⊾䳬䷼㪲≃䘬⼙枧⚈䳈炻昌ḮἮ冒㕤ᾳṢ䘬借ỵㆾ借㪲⢾炻 怬㚱℞ṾᾳṢ⚈䳈䘬⼙枧ˤ⤪⸜屯⭀䫱⍲⿏⇍炻⚈䁢ᶵ⎴䘬Ṍ婤㕡⺷ㆾ侭㗗䣦Ṍ 傰䴉䘬⼊ㆸ炻⤪ᶵ⎴䘬㬟⎚ℙ⎴姀ㅞ炷⤪䓟⿏䘬ℙ⎴䔞ℝ橼槿炸ㆾ⿏⇍ᶲ䘬Ṍ婤旸 ⇞炷⤪⭜ⷕ㔯⊾炸炷湫䄍㥖炻2000炸ˤ䔞䃞炻㗗ᶵ㗗ᷣ䭉借䔞䃞ḇ㚱⎗傥㚱ᶵ⎴䘬 䳬䷼㪲≃堐䎦炻℞`姕⤪ᶳ烉 z ଷ 2ǺಔᙃΚቹៜЎ۔ӧπբᕮਏ߄ޑǶЎ۔ӧಔᙃϣޑΚຫ ଯځၗྍຫӭǴຫԖёૈӧπբᕮਏ߄ؼӳǶ z ଷ 3ǺЎ۔ҁޑيԃၗቹៜЎ۔ӧಔᙃΚǶ z ଷ 4ǺЎ۔ҁ۔ޑيቹៜЎ۔ӧಔᙃΚǶ z ଷ 5Ǻ܄ձҁيቹៜЎ۔ӧಔᙃΚǶ z ଷ 6ǺЎ۔ҁࢂيցࣁЬᆅቹៜЎ۔ӧಔᙃΚǶ 䳬䷼㪲≃䳬䷼㬋佑䘬忋䳸炻Ἦ冒㕤䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬䳬䷼㬋佑䘬埴ἧᶲˤFortin 冯 Fellenz炷2008炸㊯↢炻䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬䳬䷼㬋佑䘬䭉䎮⮎嶸炻⎗傥㚫啷㚱ᶨ䧖⛐䭉䎮ᶲ 䘬⓷柴炻⯙㗗䭉䎮Ⰼ䳂䘬Ṣ⒉忳䓐⮵㕤䳬䷼䭉䎮ᶲ䘬Ḯ妋炷屯妲ᶵ⮵䧙炸炻 ↢⮵ 冒ㆹ㚱⇑Ữ⮵℞ṾⰌ䳂䘬⒉ⶍ朆℔⸛ᶲ䘬ⶍἄ揹⭂炻䓂军㗗⼙枧℔⸛䦳⸷䘬⼊ㆸˤ ⚈㬌⎗㍐婾炻䳬䷼㬋佑䘬埴ἧ炻㤝⎗傥⍿⇘㗗⏎䁢䭉䎮Ṣ⒉䘬ⶖ⇍炻ḇ⯙㗗婒㛔幓 ⤪㝄⛐䳬䷼ℏ℟㚱庫檀䘬䳬䷼㪲≃炻㤝㚱⎗傥⼙枧䭉䎮Ṣ⒉炷ㆾ㛔幓⯙䁢䭉䎮Ṣ ⒉炸⛐䳬䷼⇞⹎ᶲ℞㬋佑䘬埴ἧˤ ㎃⎍娙婒炻䳬䷼㪲≃㚫德忶䳬䷼㬋佑䘬ᷕṳ⼙枧炻堐䎦⛐䷦㓰ᶲˤỮ㗗䔞䳬䷼ 㬋佑崲⼘栗䘬㗪῁炻朆㬋⺷䘬䳬䷼㪲≃⯙崲䃉㱽⼙枧䷦㓰炻⚈䁢䳬䷼ℏ㭷ᾳṢ䘬屯 㸸悥㗗℔攳ᶼ⸛⛯䘬↮惵ˤ℞㛔㔯䘬`姕⤪ᶳ烉 Ʉ100Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ z ଷ 7ǺಔᙃΚӢࣁಔᙃϣಔᙃ҅ကޑำࡋԖόӕޑቹៜ܄Ƕಔᙃ҅က ࢂख़ाޑύϟᡂǴቹៜಔᙃΚӧᕮਏ߄ޑǴಔᙃ҅ကຫᄆᡉޑ ਔংǴಔᙃΚ൩ຫคҔݓϐӦǶ Ѳȃಢᙑആ݂࡙ ℔悐攨䳬䷼䥩悐攨䳬䷼ᷳᶵ⎴嗽炻㚱℔䙲ἧ␥ẍ⍲朆䆇⇑䘬䩳➢䱦䤆ᷳⶖ ⇍ˤỮ㗗℔悐攨䁢Ṣ娔䕭䘬炻昌Ḯ⛐夷䪈ᶲ䘬䷩㔯䷇䭨ᷳ⢾炻怬㚱ⰌⰌ䭨⇞ᷳᶳ 䘬ᶵ德㖶デ炻ẍ⍲⁛䴙⭀₂㬟⎚㔯⊾ᶳ䘬⬰冲ㆾ侭屯妲晙䝆䘬⓷柴ˤ䥩悐攨䁢Ḯ⮳ 㯪㚜旵Ỷ⮵娙ㆸ㛔䘬㹅忂⸛⎘炻⚈㬌叿≃⛐䳬䷼德㖶⊾䘬ⶍ℟⤪ XBRL炻5娎⚾⍣⊾ 妋 姙 ⣂ 䭉 䎮 ᶲ 䘬堅 䨩 ˣ旵 Ỷ ᶵ ᾉ ả デ 炻ẍ ⍲ ⛐䷦ 㓰 䭉 䎮 ᶲ 䘬 㓡忚 炷 Roohanid, Furusho, & Koizumi, 2009炸炻侴㓧⹄悐攨䔞䃞ḇ⮳㯪姙⣂㚜㚱㓰䘬ⶍ℟Ἦ忚埴㮹 䛦攻℔ℙ㚵⊁䘬忋㍍炻ἧ℔ℙ㚵⊁㚜≈ὧ⇑冯⎗奒炷Stirton & Lodge, 2001炸炻⤪暣 ⫸⊾㓧⹄䫱ˤỮ忁㗗⛐⮵⢾屯妲德㖶ⶍ℟䘬⮳㯪炻᷎朆㗗㓧⹄ℏ悐䘬䭉䎮德㖶䘬徥 㯪炻㓧⹄ℏ悐䭉䎮ṵ冲啷⛐㝸䧖尉䈁⟼ᷕᶵ䁢Ṣ䞍炻᷎ἧ䓐㝸䧖⭀₂䱦䤆䘬満⣹⛐ 埴 ἧ ᷳ ˤ 㬋 ⤪ 曺 濜 楔 ⿅ 炷 Karl Marx 炸 ⼊ ⭡ 䘬 ˬ ⭀ 瀉 䱦 䤆 ˭ 炷 the spirit of bureaucracy, 廱⺽冒昛㔎㸸炻2009烉27烊Fischer & Sirianni, 1984: 21炸烉 ۔ႻᆒઓޑԄ൩ࢂઝஏǴ೭ᅿઓઝࢂ܄җځϣቫભ܌ڋЍජǴ ჹѦٰᇥǴѬ҉ᇻࢂঁ࠾ഈޑიᡏǴӢԜǴ໒ޑܫᆒઓаϷང୯Ьကޑ ᏹǴჹ۔Ⴛޑઓઝ܄ԶقࢂᅿङࠇǶ ⚈㬌炻䫮侭⯙䳬䷼ℏ悐䭉䎮ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭䘬㤪⾝炻忚埴⓷⌟ᶲ䘬姕妰炻↮䁢 ˬ䦳⸷德㖶˭ẍ⍲ˬ屯妲德㖶˭ℑ䧖✳ン䘬䳬䷼德㖶⹎㩊槿炻娎⚾⍣Ḯ妋䳬䷼ᷕ慵 天夷⭂䘬㰢⭂䦳⸷㚱⏎忚埴↮ṓ℔攳炻⍲慵天屯妲㗗⏎㚱晙䝆ㆾㆸ䁢㪲≃㈲㊩䘬屯 妲⓷柴ˤ 5 XBRL炷eXtensible Business Reporting Language炻⎗⺞Ỡ⓮㤕⟙⮶婆妨炸䘬娽䓇⌛䁢妋㰢 㬌ᶨ⓷柴炻忁枭㕘冰屯妲䥹㈨Ὢẍ XML炷eXtensible Markup Language炻⎗⺞Ỡ㧁姀婆 妨炸㈨埻䁢➢䢶炻啱䓙⚳晃㧁㸾ᷳ⇞妪炻⺢㥳ℐ䎫ẩ㤕屯妲ὃㅱ捰炻ẍ㕡ὧ⎬昶㭝⍫冯 侭⼿ẍ㚜㚱㓰䌯䘬㕡⺷⍾⼿ˣṌ㎃冯↮㜸㭼庫ẩ㤕䘬⎬枭屯妲炻⎗妋㰢㖍䙲䷩暄ᷳ屯妲 ㎕曚⓷柴炻㍸㖯ㆹ⚳嫱⇠ⶪ⟜℔攳屯妲ᷳ德㖶⹎᷎冯⚳晃㍍年炷冢䀋嫱⌟Ṍ㖻炻 2012炸ˤ Ʉ101Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д 昌㬌ᷳ⢾ḇ㍊㯪䳬䷼德㖶⹎䷦㓰攻㗗⏎㚱⼙枧⿏䘬斄Ὢ炻᷎ᶼ娎⚾⍣慸㶭⤪ 㝄䳬䷼䴻忶䦳⸷屯妲ᶲ䘬⁛怆德㖶炻䳬䷼ℏ䘬䳬䷼㬋佑㗗⏎㚜⭡㖻⼘栗↢Ἦˤḇ ⯙㗗婒䳬䷼德㖶⹎䳬䷼㬋佑ㅱ娚Ḻ䁢䳬䷼℔⸛䘬堐墉尉⽝ˤ ⎴㧋䘬炻䔞朆㬋⺷䘬䳬䷼㪲≃䔞忯⇘䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬德㖶⹎䦳⹎崲檀䘬㗪῁炻ḇ⯙ 崲䃉⼙枧䷦㓰䘬傥≃Ḯˤ℞`姕⤪ᶳ烉 z ଷ 8ǺಔᙃܴࡋቹៜЎ۔ӧᕮਏ߄ޑǶಔᙃܴࡋຫଯǴЎ۔ӧ ᕮਏ߄ޑຫӳǶ z ଷ 9ǺಔᙃܴࡋቹៜЎ۔ჹܭಔᙃ҅ကޑᇡޕǶಔᙃຫܴǴЎ۔ᇡ ࣁಔᙃຫ҅ကޑཇଯǶ z ଷ 10ǺಔᙃΚӢࣁಔᙃϣಔᙃܴࡋޑำࡋόӕǴቹៜಔᙃΚ ӧᕮਏ߄ޑǴಔᙃܴࡋࢂख़ाޑύϟᡂǶ Ϥȃ೩ᇳ݂ 㟡㒂ẍᶲ䘬↮㜸炻℞䞼䨞`姕㧉✳⚾丒⤪⚾ 1ˤˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭䁢冒嬲枭ˣˬ䳬 ䷼㬋佑˭冯ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭䁢ᷕṳ嬲枭烊夾忁ᶱ侭⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⼙枧烊ẍ⍲ˬ䳬 ䷼㪲≃˭德忶ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭冯ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬⼙枧ˤ 䳬䷼德㖶⹎ 䦳⸷德㖶 屯妲德㖶 䳬䷼ 㪲≃ 䳬䷼ ䷦㓰 䳬䷼㬋佑 䦳⸷㬋佑 Ṣ晃㬋佑 ↮惵㬋佑 ყ IJġ ġ ंـ೩ყġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒丒ˤ Ʉ102Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ 侴㛔㔯⮯䳬䷼㬋佑冯德㖶⹎夾䁢慵天䘬ᷕṳ嬲枭䘬↮㜸⍇⚈炻⛐㕤娵䁢℔⸛ᶼ ℔攳䘬ℏ悐䭉䎮⇞⹎炻⮯㚱≑㕤䷦㓰ᶲ䘬堐䎦炻㚜慵天䘬㗗炻⛐厗Ṣ䳬䷼䭉䎮ᶲ炻 㚨墯暄䘬Ṣね斄Ὢㆾ℞ṾᾳṢ側㘗⚈䳈炷⤪䳬䷼㪲≃⚈䳈炸炻⛐忁㧋䘬䳬䷼⇞⹎ ᶳ炻悥⎗塓㚱㓰䘬㴰昌㌱ˤḇ⯙㗗婒⛐℔悐攨⤪㝄天忼ㆸ列⤥䘬䳬䷼䷦㓰炻ᶵ暨天 月叿㩗朊ᶳ䘬㓧㱣埴䁢ㆾ侭㗗䳬䷼㪲≃䘬䌚⼿Ἦ⡆忚炻⎒暨天ᶨᾳ℔⸛ᶼ℔攳䘬⟜ ➇炻⯙⎗ἧ㔯⭀㚜≒≃⛐䷦㓰䘬堐䎦炻⚈䁢堐䎦䘮⎗䌚⼿℔㬋䘬娵⎗ẍ⍲䋶⊝ˤ ȃंـПݲᇄఄक़ಛॎഋϷġ ẍᶳ⮯婒㖶䞼䨞㕡㱽ẍ⍲⓷⌟ᷳ嬲㔠ˣ㍷徘䴙妰冯ᾉ⹎㩊⭂悐↮ˤ ΙȃंـПݲᇄӱԝኺҏኵ 㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐朊姒Ữ䓙⍿姒侭冒⠓䘬晐㨇㉥㧋⓷⌟婧㞍䞼䨞㕡㱽炻屯㕁Ἦ㸸䁢昛 㔎㸸ˣ湫㜙䙲ˣ喯㤕ˣ唕ᷫ㰪䫱Ṣᷣ㊩ᷳ⚳䥹㚫ˬ㮹ᷣ㱣䎮ᶳ䘬㓧⹄㓰傥烉℔ ℙ㚵⊁≽㨇ˣ䷩㔯䷇䭨ˣ冯㓧⊁ɬḳ⊁斄Ὢ炷冢䀋㔯⭀婧㞍-II炸˭炻䞼䨞妰∫䶐 嘇烉NSC 100-2410-H-004-097-MY2炻➟埴㛇攻冒ᶨ˕˕⸜⋩㚰⋩ᶫ㖍军ᶨ˕ᶨ⸜Ḽ 㚰ᶱ⋩ᶨ㖍炻↮ℑ㲊忚埴ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬↮㜸╖⃫⇯旸⭂䁢埴㓧昊Ⱄ⎬䳂㨇斄䘬䯉 ảˣ啎ả⥼ả℔⊁Ṣ⒉炻⍇㭵橼㔠䁢 68,552炻6㧋㛔㉥㧋㭵橼㔠䁢 2,000 ấ炻㚨⼴ 㚱㓰㧋㛔7䁢 1,475 ấ⤪堐 3炻Ữ⚈䁢⭀䫱䘬悐↮᷎㛒忂忶㭵橼䘬⌉㕡㩊⭂炻⚈㬌忚 埴≈㪲嗽䎮炻≈㪲⼴䘬⭀䫱㔠䚖↮惵⎴⤪堐 3烉 6 㧋㛔悐↮ẍᶨ凔埴㓧㨇斄᷎⍣昌嬎⮇㨇斄炷⚈侫慷℞䈡㬲䘬ả⊁Ⱄ⿏冯⣏慷Ṣ㔠炸℟⁁ 䯉ảˣ䯉㳦ˣ啎ảˣ啎㳦ˣ⥼ảˣ⥼㳦⭀䫱ᷳ℔⊁Ṣ⒉炷⌛媪㬋⺷䶐⇞㔯⭀炸䁢䞼䨞 㭵橼炻ὅ㒂⭀䫱炷䯉ả䯉㳦ˣ啎ả啎㳦ˣ⥼ả⥼㳦炻ẍᶳ䯉䧙䯉ảˣ啎ảˣ⥼ả炸䫱↮ Ⰼ炻㍉↮Ⰼ晐㨇㉥㧋㕡⺷↮惵⍿姒㧋㛔ˤ 7 㛔⓷⌟ℙ妰ℑ㲊忚埴炻䫔ᶨ㫉⚆㓞⛐ᶨ˕˕⸜⋩Ḵ㚰⸽䁢 1,275 ấ炻䫔Ḵ㫉⚆㓞⇘Ḽ㚰ᶱ ⋩ᶨ㖍㚱 1,518 ấ炻Ữ⇼昌㕘冲⭀䫱嬲≽ᶵ䫎⎰⍇⥳㉥㧋⭂佑ẍ⍲䃉㓰㧋㛔䘬⇫昌炻㚨⼴ ἧ䓐䘬䁢 1,475 ấ䘬㧋㛔ˤ Ʉ103Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д ߒ Ĵġ ġ ኺҏ้ۢᇄё᠌ኺҏϷҀߒġ ⭀䫱⇍ 㭵橼㔠 㧋㛔㔠 ⭀䫱≈㪲⼴ᷳ㧋㛔㔠 䯉ả 246 206 181炷≈㪲 0.88炸 啎ả 1,147 944 845炷≈㪲 0.90炸 ⥼ả 607 325 447炷≈㪲 1.38炸 ䷥妰 2,000 1,475 ⌉㕡ῤ 49.054 df= 2, P-value<0.001 1,475 婧㔜⭀䫱ᶱⰌ㧋㛔㔠㭵橼㔠䘮䁢 0.74 䘬㭼ἳ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ Πȃ୰ڢϞᡐኵȃජक़ಛॎᇄ࡙߬ᔮۡ ẍᶳ⮯婒㖶⓷⌟㥳朊⛐忚埴⮎晃㕥㷔ᷳ⚈䳈↮㜸㩊槿䳸㝄炻ẍ⍲㔀徘䴙妰䘬↮ 㜸婒㖶ˤ 薥ύ薦亿俏侹㛃崅㛳槇亿ġ 䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬柴䳬䷼㍷徘䴙妰ẍ⍲⚈䳈↮㜸䳸㝄⤪堐 4炻8䴻忶⚈䳈↮㜸⼴炻䳬䷼ ䷦㓰ᷳ㥳朊⎗䴙㔜䁢ᶨᾳ⚈䳈炷ℏ悐䷦㓰≈ᶲ⢾悐䷦㓰炸炻℞ KMO ῤ䁢 0.92ˣ妋 慳嬲䔘慷ῤ䁢 41.58%烊℞ᾉ⹎ Cronbach α 䁢 0.91炻ᾉ⹎列⤥烊᷎⚈㚱ℑ柴 V16ˣ V19 ⚈╖䌐ᶨ柴䃉㱽ㆸᶨ⚈䳈⚈侴⇒昌烊᷎⽆⸛⛯㔠䘬⚆䫼Ἦ䚳炷⛯⣏㕤 4炸炻ᷕ ⣖㓧⹄㔯⭀⮵㕤䷦㓰䘬堐䎦庫⎹㬋朊䘬⠓䫼ˤ 8 ⓷⌟䘬䶐䡤㕡⺷㗗 1 ẋ堐朆ⷠᶵ⎴シ炻6 ẋ堐朆ⷠ⎴シˤ䫔 16 柴ˣ䫔 19 柴ˣ䫔 22 柴ˣ 䫔 25 柴ˣ䫔 28 柴⍲䫔 31 柴䁢䞼䨞㟰⛀橼妶婾ᷳ冒墥柴䳬ˤ⎎⢾䫔 16 柴ˣ䫔 19 柴⍲䫔 20 柴姕妰ㆸ⍵⎹柴炻⚈㬌⛐忚埴ᾉ⹎㩊⭂㗪炻⛯慵㕘忚埴䶐䡤ˤ Ʉ104Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ ߒ ĵġ ġ ಢᙑᕼਝޟජक़ಛॎᇄ࡙߬ᔮۡġ 㥳朊 㧁㸾ⶖ ⚈䳈屈匟慷 Cronbach α ⯢⹎ ⸛⛯㔠 v14 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄┬㕤⃭↮⇑䓐ㆹ䘬䞍 嬀㈨傥Ἦ≈忇ả⊁䘬忼ㆸˤ 㓰 䌯 v15 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄ᶨ䚜农≃㕤旵Ỷ䭉䎮 㤕⊁➟埴䘬ㆸ㛔ˤ 6 4.43 .97 0.61 6 4.07 1.10 0.63 v17 忶⍣ℑ⸜炻ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄䘬㔜橼䓇 䓊≃㗗㚱㍸⋯䘬ˤ 6 4.34 .95 0.67 v18 㔜橼侴妨炻ㆹ㤕⊁Ḻ≽柣䷩䘬㨇斄 ⎴ṩᾹ炻⛐ⶍἄ堐䎦ᶲ㗗⃒䔘䘬ˤ 6 4.61 .86 0.56 v20 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄⮵㕤ℏ悐Ṣ⒉ㆾㅱ⽝ 㛔㨇斄借⊁䘬Ṣ炻⛐Ṣḳ䭉䎮⎬ᾳ朊 ⎹䘬⮵⼭㗗䚠⎴䘬ˤ炷ᶵ⚈㓧㱣娵 ⎴ˣ⿏⇍ˣ↢䓇⛘ˣ⨂⦣䉨㱩ˣ⸜漉 ㆾ幓⽫晄䣁侭侴㚱ⶖ䔘炸 ℔ ⸛ v21 㔜橼侴妨炻ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄ℏ䘬⎴ ṩ炻ᶵ↮借ỵ檀Ỷ悥傥䌚⼿ᶨ⭂䘬⮲ 慵ˤ 6 4.42 1.19 0.66 6 4.33 1.19 0.70 v22 ㆹ䘬攟⭀⛐ㇻ侫䷦䘬㗪῁炻⼨⼨ᶵ㶭 㤂⎴ṩ䘬ⶍἄ堐䎦ˤ炷R炸 6 4.14 1.22 0.55 v23 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄⛐⚆ㅱ⢾悐栏⭊炷㮹 䛦ㆾ℞Ṿ㨇斄炸暨㯪㗪朆ⷠ彭忇ˤ 6 4.77 .85 0.62 㓰 v24 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄⛐嗽䎮㖍ⷠ㤕⊁㗪炻 䌯 ⼰⮹䉗ᶳ⣏拗ˤ 6 4.79 .79 0.59 v25 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄⛐嗽䎮㖍ⷠ㤕⊁㗪炻 ᶵ㚫↢䎦Ḻ巊䙖䎫䘬䉨ンˤ 6 3.72 1.19 0.64 v26 ㆹ㚵⊁㨇斄䘬㔜橼ⶍἄ堐䎦炻嵛ẍ 嬻㮹䛦デ奢丛䘬䦭㗗ῤ⼿䘬ˤ 6 4.44 .92 0.77 ⢾ 㓰 v27 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄忂ⷠ傥⣈忼ㆸ姕⭂䘬 悐 傥 䚖㧁ˤ ䷦ v28 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄忂ⷠ傥⣈妋㰢㮹䛦䘬 㓰 6 4.59 .79 0.79 6 4.49 .82 0.74 v29 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄⛐㍸ὃ㚵⊁㗪炻ᶵ㚫 ⚈㮹䛦䘬ᾳṢ側㘗侴㚱ⶖ⇍⼭忯ˤ 6 4.72 1.00 0.71 ℔ v30 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄℞⢾悐栏⭊㺧シ⹎㗗 檀䘬ˤ ⸛ 6 4.37 .87 0.70 v31 ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄⮵㕤㤕⊁䚠斄屯妲䘬 ㍸ὃ炻ᶵ㚫⚈㮹䛦䘬ᾳṢ側㘗侴㚱ⶖ ⇍⼭忯ˤ 6 4.76 .96 0.69 㓰 傥 ℏ 悐 ䷦ 㓰 㷔慷柴䚖 0.91 ⓷柴ˤ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ Ʉ105Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д 薥 薦亿俏㳞儤崅㛳槇亿ġ ⛐䳬䷼㬋佑䘬柴䳬悐↮炻9䴻忶⚈䳈↮㜸⼴炻䳬䷼㬋佑ᷳ㥳朊⎗↮䁢ℑᾳ⚈䳈炻 䧙䁢ˬ↮惵㬋佑˭冯ˬ䦳⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋佑˭炻℞ KMO ῤ䁢 0.88ˣ妋慳嬲䔘慷ῤ䁢 57.44% 冯 36.49%烊℞ᾉ⹎ Cronbach α ⛯䁢 0.98炻ᾉ⹎列⤥烊⤪堐 5ˤ᷎⽆⸛⛯㔠 䘬⚆䫼Ἦ䚳炷⛯⣏㕤 4炸炻⎗䘤䎦㔯⭀⮵㕤䳬䷼ℏ䘬㬋佑堐䎦⎹㬋朊䘬⠓䫼ˤ ߒ Ķġ ġ ಢᙑғဎޟජक़ಛॎᇄ࡙߬ᔮۡġ 㥳朊 ↮ 惵 㬋 佑 䳬 ䷼ 㬋 佑 䦳 ⸷ 㙐 Ṣ 晃 㬋 佑 㧁㸾ⶖ ⚈䳈屈匟慷 Cronbach α 㷔慷柴䚖 ⯢⹎ ⸛⛯㔠 34. ㆹ塓天㯪䘬ⶍἄ忚⹎嶇⎴ḳ䘬ⶍἄ忚 ⹎䚠㭼㗗䚠䔞䘬ˤ 35. ㆹ塓天㯪䘬ⶍἄ屈匟嶇⎴ḳ䘬ⶍἄ屈 匟䚠㭼㗗℔⸛䘬ˤ 36. ㆹ娵䁢ㆹ⛐ⶍἄᶲ屈㑼䘬屔ả㗗℔ ⸛䘬ˤ 37. ㆹ䘬ᷣ䭉⇞⭂ⶍἄ䚠斄㰢䫾㗪炷⊭㊔ ⶍἄ㊯㳦ˣⶍἄ天㯪䫱炸㗗℔㬋䃉䥩 䘬ˤ˰⍇䦳⸷㬋佑˱ 6 5.12 8.77 .80 6 4.79 9.37 .79 6 5.00 9.22 .79 6 4.97 9.61 .78 38. ㆹ䘬ᷣ䭉⛐ἄⶍἄ䚠斄㰢䫾⇵炷⊭㊔ ⶍἄ㊯㳦ˣⶍἄ天㯪䫱炸㚫倥Ⱄ ⒉ⶍ䘬シ夳ˤ˰⍇䦳⸷㬋佑˱ 6 4.81 7.83 .91 39. ㆹ䘬ᷣ䭉⛐吸普㬋䡢᷎⬴㔜䘬屯妲 ⼴炻ㇵ⇞⭂ⶍἄ䚠斄㰢䫾炷⊭㊔ⶍἄ ㊯㳦ˣⶍἄ天㯪䫱炸ˤ 40. 䔞ㆹ䘬ᷣ䭉⇞⭂冯ㆹⶍἄ㚱斄䘬㰢䫾 㗪炷⊭㊔ⶍἄ㊯㳦ˣⶍἄ天㯪䫱炸炻 㚫㍸ὃㆹᶨᾳ⃭↮䘬䎮䓙ˤ˰⍇Ṣ晃 㬋佑˱ 41. ㆹ䘬ᷣ䭉⮵冯ㆹⶍἄ㚱斄㰢䫾炷⊭㊔ ⶍἄ㊯㳦ˣⶍἄ天㯪䫱炸炻婒㖶䘬朆 ⷠ㶭㤂ˤ˰⍇Ṣ晃㬋佑˱ 6 4.79 7.82 .91 6 4.78 8.14 .89 6 4.93 8.61 .85 42. 䔞ㆹ䘬ᷣ䭉⇞⭂冯ㆹⶍἄ㚱斄䘬㰢䫾 㗪炷⊭㊔ⶍἄ㊯㳦ˣⶍἄ天㯪䫱炸炻 㚫䴎ㆹᶨᾳ婒⼿忂䘬妋慳ˤ˰⍇Ṣ晃 㬋佑˱ 6 4.85 8.13 .89 0.98 0.98 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ 9 ℞柴䳬㗗⍫侫 Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993) ℔⸛慷堐炷Justice Questionnaire炸 䘬侣嬗炻⍇慷堐ℏ⭡⊭⏓ᶱ悐↮烉↮惵㬋佑ˣ䦳⸷㬋佑冯Ṣ晃㬋佑炻᷎㍉䓐⻝卨䛇 炷2009炸ˤᾉ⹎㕡朊炻⎬↮慷堐ℏ悐ᶨ农⿏ᾉ⹎Ὢ㔠⎬䁢 0.74ˣ0.85 ⍲ 0.92炻ᾉ⹎列⤥ ⚈㬌㍉⍾ἧ䓐炻侴℞㓰⹎㕡朊炻℞慷堐⛐冢䀋⮎ἄ䴻䓙䡢娵⿏⚈䳈↮㜸⼿ CFI=0.92ˤ Ʉ106Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ 薥ᾄ薦亿俏㲅␖ġ ⛐䳬䷼㪲≃䘬柴䳬悐↮炻10℞㥳朊⎗䴙䁢ᶨᾳ⚈䳈炻℞ KMO ῤ䁢 0.75ˣ妋慳 嬲䔘慷ῤ䁢 87.44%烊℞ᾉ⹎ Cronbach α ⛯䁢 0.92炻ᾉ⹎列⤥烊⤪堐 6ˤ᷎⽆⸛⛯㔠 䘬⚆䫼Ἦ䚳炷⛐ 3.75~4.4 ᷳ攻炸炻㔯⭀⮵㕤䳬䷼㪲≃䘬䉨㱩庫⎹㬋朊⇘庫ᾅ䔁㕡 ⺷䘬⠓䫼ˤ ߒ ķġ ġ ಢᙑ᠌Ψޟජक़ಛॎᇄ࡙߬ᔮۡġ 㥳朊 䳬 ䷼ 㪲 ≃ 㷔慷柴䚖 ⯢⹎ ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ ⚈䳈屈匟慷 Cronbach α 43. ㆹ㚱䭉忻傥⣈㍍妠⇘㨇斄ᷕ℟㚱⼙枧 ≃䘬Ṣ⢓ˤ 6 4.40 9.41 .91 44. ㆹ㚱䭉忻傥⣈㍍妠⇘ᶨṃ⮵ᷣ䭉侴妨 㚫㚱₡ῤ䘬Ṣˤ 6 4.35 9.51 .95 45. ㆹ㚱ᶨṃ䈡㬲䘬屯妲ㆾ攨嶗㗗ᷣ䭉ㆾ 㨇斄檀Ⰼ暨天䘬ˤ 6 3.75 8.87 .93 0.92 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ 薥⡖薦亿俏憊㞉〡ġ 䳬䷼德㖶⹎䁢冒墥柴䳬炻11℞㥳朊⎗䴙䁢ᶨᾳ⚈䳈炻Ữ V47 ⚈╖柴侴䃉㱽㥳ㆸ ⚈䳈ẍ⇒昌炻℞ KMO ῤ䁢 0.70ˣ妋慳嬲䔘慷ῤ䁢 63.75%烊℞ᾉ⹎ Cronbach α 䁢 0.70炻ᾉ⹎⯂⎗㍍⍿烊⤪堐 7ˤ᷎⽆⸛⛯㔠䘬⚆䫼Ἦ䚳炻㔯⭀⛐䦳⸷德㖶⹎⚆䫼悐 ↮⏰䎦庫屈⎹䘬⠓䫼炷⛯⮷㕤 4炸炻堐䣢ᷕ⣖㓧⹄ℏ䘬䦳⸷德㖶⹎᷎ᶵ檀炻Ữ⮵㕤 屯妲德㖶⹎侴妨⇯庫⎹㬋朊䘬⠓䫼炻堐䣢ᷕ⣖㓧⹄䘬䦳⸷德㖶⹎Ỷ㕤屯妲䘬德 㖶ˤ 10 䳬䷼㪲≃ἧ䓐 Fagenson炷1990炸䘬劙㔯⓷⌟柴䳬炻ℵ忚埴侣嬗ἧ䓐ˤ䳬䷼㪲≃⍇䓴⭂䁢 䳬䷼ㆸ⒉⛐䳬䷼ᷕ㍍役慵天Ṣ䈑炷柴䚖 43ˣ44炸烊ㆾ侭婒℞䳬䷼ㆸ⒉⛐䳬䷼㑩㚱屯㸸 11 䘬䦳⹎炷柴䚖 45炸ˤ炷Fagenson, 1990: 207炸 ⍇䫔 46 冯 48 柴䁢⍵⎹柴炻⚈㬌㚱忚埴廱⎹䘬≽ἄˤ Ʉ107Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д ߒ ĸġ ġ ಢᙑആ݂࡙ޟජक़ಛॎᇄ࡙߬ᔮۡġ 㥳朊 㷔慷柴䚖 䦳 46. ⛐ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄炻昆怟ὅ㒂㧁㸾 ⸷ ⬴ℐὅ㒂ᷣ䭉䘬ᷣ奨娵⭂ˤ(R) 德 㖶 48. ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄炻ᷣ䭉ㇻ侫䷦䘬忶䦳 㗗⬴ℐᶵ℔攳䘬ˤ(R) 䳬 49. ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄炻斄㕤ⶍἄ↮惵䘬屯 ䷼ 妲⛐ℏ悐㗗⬴ℐ℔攳䘬ˤ 德 㖶 屯 50. ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄炻⎴ḳ攻朆ⷠ栀シ↮ ⹎ 妲 ṓⶍἄ䚠斄屯妲ˤ 德 㖶 51. ㆹ㚵⊁䘬㨇斄炻㚱ᶨ⭂䘬䭉忻⎗ẍ Ḯ妋⢾悐栏⭊炷㮹䛦ㆾ℞Ṿ㨇斄炸䘬 シ夳ˤ ⯢⹎ ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ ⚈䳈屈匟慷 Cronbach α 6 3.16 1.23 .60 6 2.75 1.19 .52 6 4.82 7.51 .73 6 4.97 7.48 .74 6 4.94 7.47 .62 0.70 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ ဓȃंـ๖ݎġ ⛐䞼䨞`姕槿嫱悐↮炻↮ℑ悐↮Ἦ婒㖶炻ᶨ䁢䞼䨞`姕䘬槿嫱悐↮炻Ḵ䁢䞼䨞 㧉✳䘬悐↮ˤ䚠斄槿嫱㔠ῤ悐↮⎗⍫侫堐 8-1ˣ堐 8-2 ⍲堐 8-3烉 Ιȃंـ೩ޟᡛᜌᇄंـ๖ݎ 䞼䨞`姕槿嫱䘬䴙妰㩊槿ῤ⮵䄏堐⤪堐 8-1ˣ堐 8-2 ⍲堐 8-3炻12婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉 ⽆堐 8-1 Ἦ䚳炻ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭䘬䡢⎗ẍ⼙枧ᷕ⣖㔯⭀⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬堐䎦炻᷎ᶼ ˬ↮惵㬋佑˭䚠庫㕤ˬ䦳⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋佑˭炻⛐䷦㓰ᶲ㚜㚱⼙枧傥≃ˤḇ⯙㗗婒炻嶇 列⤥䘬㹅忂ㆾ侭㗗㬋䔞䦳⸷䚠㭼炻ᷕ⣖㔯⭀㚜慵夾⮎岒⛐ⶍἄᶲ冯℞ṾṢ⛐㈽ℍᶲ 䘬℔⸛⿏ˤ⛐ᷕ⣖㓧⹄䷥⸜屯崲檀䘬㔯⭀炻崲奢⼿䳬䷼ℏ㚱列⤥䘬↮惵㬋佑ˤ忁⎗ 傥㗗⸜屯崲檀䘬㔯⭀炻崲䅇嬀ㆾ㌴㎉䳬䷼↮惵ⶍἄ䘬夷⇯ẍ⍲䞍嬀㈨埻炻⚈㬌㚜娵 䁢℞ⶍἄ↮惵㗗⎰䎮䘬ˤ 12 ⛐堐 8-1ˣ堐 8-2 ⍲堐 8-3 䘬徜㬠㔠ῤ`姕 1ˣ`姕 1-1ˣ`姕 1-2ˣ`姕 2ˣ`姕 9ˣ`姕 9-1 ℞ R2 ℞㔠ῤῷỶ炷0.01 ㆾ 0.02炸䘬⍇⚈炻⛐㕤℞`姕ᷕ䘬↮㜸嬲枭᷎朆㚱㧉✳ᷕ 䘬槿嫱嬲枭炻䁢╖徜㬠ㆾ侭㗗嬲枭攻㚱Ḻ䚠㉝㴰㛒䡢娵䘬斄Ὢ炻䁢徸ᶨ㩊槿䘬↮㜸㕡 ⺷烊侴⛐㚨⼴㧉✳䘬嬲枭斄Ὢ䡢娵⼴炻℞㚨⼴㧉✳䡢娵℞ R2=0.40炻㚱 40% 䘬妋慳䦳 ⹎炻⯙㗗⯂⎗㍍⍿䘬㧉✳妋慳≃ˤ Ʉ108Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ ߒ ĹĮIJġ ġ ंـ೩ᡛᜌᄇྱߒġ 䞼䨞`姕 䳸㝄 㕡㱽 `姕 1烉䳬䷼㬋佑㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐ⶍἄ䷦㓰ᶲ ㆸ䩳 䘬堐䎦ˤ㔯⭀崲娵䁢䳬䷼㗗㬋佑䘬炻Ṿ崲 㚫⛐ⶍἄ䷦㓰ᶲ≃⚾堐䎦ˤ 徜㬠 㩊槿ῤ 㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.12**炻 P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.01 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 1-1烉13 ↮惵㬋佑䚠⮵㕤䦳⸷㙐 ㆸ䩳 ⣂⃫徜㬠 ↮惵㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.12** Ṣ晃㬋佑Ἦ婒烊⛐䷦㓰ᶲ㚜㚱⼙枧傥≃ˤ 炻P=0.00<0.05 䦳⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.03炻P=0.35>0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.02 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 1-2烉⸜屯⮵㕤↮惵㬋佑䘬堐䎦 ㆸ䩳 㗗㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧⿏炻⮵㕤䦳⸷㬋佑Ἦ婒⇯ 㰺㚱⼙枧≃ˤ 徜㬠 䚠斄 ↮惵㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.06** 炻P=0.03<0.05 䦳⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋佑烉Pearson 䚠斄=0.04炻P=0.12>0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.01 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 1-3烉14 ⭀䫱⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰㚱ᶵ ㆸ䩳 ⎴䘬娵䞍䷦㓰堐䎦炻䯉ả⭀⒉㭼啎ả⥼ ả⭀⒉炻娵䁢䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰堐䎦㚜⤥ˤ ANOVA F=18.77**炻P=0.00<0.05 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 1-4烉15 ⿏⇍⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰㚱ᶵ ㆸ䩳 ⎴䘬娵䞍䷦㓰堐䎦炻䓟⿏㔯⭀䚠庫㕤⤛⿏ 炻娵䁢䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰堐䎦㚜⤥ˤ ANOVA F=8.74**炻P=0.00<0.05 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 1-5烉屯妲德㖶䚠⮵㕤䦳⸷德㖶 ㆸ䩳 ⣂⃫徜㬠 屯妲德㖶烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.53** 炻P=0.00<0.05 Ἦ婒烊⛐䷦㓰ᶲ㚜㚱⼙枧傥≃ˤ 䦳⸷德㖶烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.24** 炻P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.41 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ 13 ⛐ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭嬲枭䘬嗽䎮㕡⺷炻⚈䳈↮㜸ᶲ⎗↮䁢ℑ䧖嬲枭烊ˬ↮惵㬋佑˭ẍ⍲ˬ䦳 ⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋佑˭烊⛐⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰ˣ䳬䷼德㖶⹎ẍ⍲䳬䷼㪲≃ᶲ䘬╖徜㬠䘬䴙妰堐䎦ᶲ 㗗䚠⎴䘬炻⚈㬌⛐㧉✳↮㜸ᶲ䴙㔜䁢ᶨ䧖䧙䁢ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭嬲枭炻Ữ㗗⛐忚埴⣂⃫⚆㬠 䘬㗪῁炻䘤䎦䓊䓇↢ᷕṳ嬲枭䘬䳸㝄炻ḇ⯙㗗婒ˬ↮惵㬋佑˭䚠⮵㕤ˬ䦳⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋 佑˭ㇵ㚫㗗㭼庫慵天䘬㰢⭂䷦㓰嬲枭炻Ữ䁢Ḯ䎮婾㥳朊ᶲ䘬⬴㔜炻⚈㬌⛐㧉✳德㖶怠㑯 ᶲ炻怬㗗⊭㊔Ḯℑ䧖㥳朊ˤ 14 15 ˬ䯉ả˭⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍⸛⛯㔠 4.7炻ˬ啎ả˭⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍⸛⛯㔠䁢 4.42炻ˬ⥼ ả˭⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍⸛⛯㔠䁢 4.36ˤ⭀䫱崲Ỷ⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍崲Ỷˤ ˬ䓟⿏˭⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍⸛⛯㔠 4.49炻ˬ⤛⿏˭⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍⸛⛯㔠䁢 4.39ˤ Ʉ109Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д Ữ⛐ˬ䳬䷼䷦㓰˭ᶲ⇯䚳⇘ᶵ⎴䘬朊⎹炻⸜屯᷎㰺㚱⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍ᶲ䓊䓇 ⶖ嶅炻侴㗗ˬ⭀䫱˭ˬ⿏⇍˭⇯㚱䳬䷼䷦㓰娵䞍ᶲ䘬ⶖ嶅烊䯉ả㔯⭀ẍ⍲䓟⿏炻 ⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬娵䞍ᶲ炻㭼℞℞Ṿ庫Ỷ昶䘬⭀䫱⤛⿏炻⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰㚱㚜㬋朊䘬 娵䞍堐䎦炻奢⼿䳬䷼ℏ䘬䷦㓰㗗列⤥䘬炻⛐⃰⇵䘬䎮婾䞼䨞ᶲ᷎㚱婒㖶䁢ỽ㚫㚱ᾳ Ṣ側㘗ᶲ炷⸜屯冯⿏⇍炸⮵㕤䷦㓰ᶲ娵䞍䘬ⶖ⇍炻⯙ Hoppock 䘬˪ⶍἄ㺧シ˫ 炷Job Satisfaction, 1935炸ᶨ㚠ᷕ⮵㕤⒉ⶍⶍἄ㺧シ䘬䲣䴙⿏䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ᾳṢ䘬ⶍἄ 㺧シ借㤕䘬昶Ⰼ㚱斄炻᷎ᶼ⯙⼸㈧㭭ˣ㛶㔯晬ˣ姙⽿岊⛐Ḵ˕˕ᶫ⸜䘬䞼䨞㊯ ↢炻ˬ⿏⇍˭冯ˬ⸜屯˭⮵㕤⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎㚱栗叿ᶲⶖ䔘炻⚈䁢⛐啒愔冯借ỵᶲ䘬 ᶵ⮵䫱⮶农⮵㕤ⶍἄᶲ䘬ᶵ㺧シˤ⮵㭼㛔䞼䨞Ἦ䚳炻ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎⮵㕤ⶍἄ䷦㓰䘬⼙ 枧⿏䴻䃉伖䔹炻⚈㬌⸜屯冯⿏⇍⛐䷦㓰娵䞍ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘炻㤝⣏䘬⎗傥⿏㗗⮵㕤ⶍ ἄᶲ䘬ᶵ㺧シ侴Ἦˤ ⽆堐 8-2 Ἦ䚳炻ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭⇯䁢⺼娕䘬⼙枧⚈䳈炻椾⃰╖䚳ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭⛐ 㔯⭀䘬側㘗⚈䳈䘬⯽䎦ᶲ炻⛐䴙妰䘬槿嫱ᶳ炻军⮹⛐䎦埴䘬ᷕ⣖㓧⹄Ἦ婒炻ˬ⿏ ⇍˭ˣˬᷣ䭉借˭ˣˬ⭀䫱˭冯ˬ⸜屯˭⛐ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭ᶲ᷎㰺㚱䌚⼿ⶖ⇍⿏ˤḇ ⯙㗗婒炻㔯⭀⛐䌚⍾ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭䘬ᾳṢ側㘗⚈䳈ᶲ炻㗗⸛䫱ᶵ⚈ảỽ⚈䳈⸚㒦 䘬ˤ侴㓧⹄⭀⒉㑩㚱崲檀䘬䳬䷼㪲≃⯙㑩㚱崲⤥䘬屯㸸炻᷎ᶼ㚱㚜⤥䘬䷦㓰堐䎦炻 忁⛐䞼䨞䘬徜㬠䴙妰ᶲ㗗ㆸ䩳䘬炻堐䣢ᷕ⣖㔯⭀⛐䳬䷼ᷕ㑩㚱䘬ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭䘬 ⣏⮷䘬䡢㚫⼘栗⛐䷦㓰ᶲ炻侴ᶼ怬㗗㬋⎹䘬ˤỮ㗗忁㗗⯙╖徜㬠䘬䴙妰↮㜸䳸㝄Ἦ 䚳炻䳬䷼䘬㔯⊾䑘⠫ᷕ怬㚱℞Ṿ⇞⹎⚈䳈天侫ㄖ⛐ℏ炻ḳ⮎ᶲ炻㟡㒂䲣䴙䎮婾炻㔜 ᾳ䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬䲣䴙㚱姙⣂ᶵ⎴䘬䳬䷼⚈䳈⽭枰天侫ㄖ⛐ℏ炻᷎ᶼ㚱㗪㚫䓊䓇䚠Ḻ㉝ 㴰䘬䉨㱩ˤ 忁⛐䴙妰槿嫱ᶲḇ䌚⼿槿嫱炻䔞⮯ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭ˣˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭ˬ䳬䷼德㖶 ⹎˭⎴㗪㓦⛐⎴ᶨ㧉✳ᷕ忚埴⮵䷦㓰䘬⼙枧㩊槿㗪炻ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭⮵㕤䷦㓰䘬⼙枧 ≃⯙⬴ℐ䘬㴰⣙Ḯˤ昌Ḯ嫱⮎ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭℟㚱⮵㕤ˬ䳬䷼㪲 ≃˭䘬⬴ℐᷕṳ䘬傥≃ᷳ⢾炻㚜婒㖶Ḯ忁ℑᾳ⚈䳈⮵㕤㓧⹄䷦㓰㗗朆ⷠ慵天䘬⼙枧 ⍇⚈ˤ Ʉ110Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ ߒ ĹĮijġ ġ ंـ೩ᡛᜌᄇྱߒġ 䞼䨞`姕 䳸㝄 㕡㱽 㩊槿ῤ `姕 2烉䳬䷼㪲≃㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐ⶍἄ䷦㓰ᶲ ㆸ䩳 䘬堐䎦ˤ㔯⭀䳬䷼㪲≃崲檀炻⛐ⶍἄ䷦㓰ᶲ 堐䎦㚜⤥ˤ 徜㬠 㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠=0.07**炻 P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.01 䚠斄 Pearson 䚠斄=0.05炻 P=0.05>0.05 `姕 3烉㔯⭀㛔幓䘬⸜屯㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐䳬䷼ 㪲≃䘬䚠斄ˤ --- `姕 4烉㔯⭀㛔幓䘬⭀䫱㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐䳬䷼ 㪲≃䘬䚠斄ˤ --- ANOVA F=0.36炻P=0.55>0.05 `姕 5烉⿏⇍㛔幓㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐䳬䷼㪲≃䘬 䚠斄ˤ --- ANOVA F=1.15炻P=0.32>0.05 `姕 6烉㔯⭀㛔幓㗗⏎䁢ᷣ䭉㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐ 䳬䷼㪲≃䘬䚠斄ˤ --- ANOVA F=0.06炻P=0.98>0.05 `姕 7烉䳬䷼㪲≃㚫⚈䁢䳬䷼ℏ䳬䷼㬋佑䘬 ㆸ䩳 ⣂⃫徜㬠 䳬䷼㪲≃烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.02炻 P=0.23>0.05 䦳⹎ᶵ⎴炻㚫⼙枧䳬䷼㪲≃⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬堐䎦 䳬䷼㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.07** ᶲ炻䳬䷼㬋佑㗗慵天䘬ᷕṳ嬲枭ˤ 炻P=0.00<0.05 䳬䷼德㖶⹎烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.61**炻P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.40 `姕 10烉䳬䷼㪲≃㚫⚈䁢䳬䷼ℏ䳬䷼德㖶⹎ ㆸ䩳 ⣂⃫徜㬠 䳬䷼㪲≃烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.02炻 P=0.23>0.05 䘬䦳⹎ᶵ⎴炻㚫⼙枧䳬䷼㪲≃⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬堐 䳬䷼㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.07** 䎦ᶲ炻䳬䷼德㖶⹎㗗慵天䘬ᷕṳ嬲枭ˤ 炻P=0.00<0.05 䳬䷼德㖶⹎烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.61**炻P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.40 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭㗗冒墥䘬柴䳬炻ḇ㗗⛐⚳ℏ䫔ᶨ㫉㕥ἄ䘬䳸㝄炻⽆ˬ屯妲德㖶 ⹎˭䘬奺⹎↢䘤炻⽆ẍ⼨慵夾䘬⎹⢾忋䳸䘬㮹䛦屯妲德㖶⹎炻⮵ℏ忚埴䳬䷼ℏ䘬德 㖶⹎㩊夾ˤ⮵ㅱ䳬䷼㬋佑䘬⮎岒ⶍἄ℔⸛䘬䎮婾炻⽆⎎ᶨ朊ˬ䦳⸷˭德㖶ẍ⍲ˬ屯 妲˭德㖶Ἦ忚埴Ḯ妋ˤ ⯙`姕槿嫱Ἦ䚳炻⤪堐 8-3炻ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰㗗㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧 ⿏炻᷎ᶼˬ屯妲德㖶˭㭼ˬ䦳⸷德㖶˭⮵㕤䷦㓰㚜㚱⼙枧≃ˤ侴⤪㝄㔜ᾳ㓧⹄䘬䳬 ䷼℞ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭崲檀炻㔯⭀娵䁢䳬䷼ᷕˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭䘬䦳⹎⯙㚫檀炻堐䣢ℑ侭 㗗䚠庼䚠ㆸ䘬炻᷎ᶼ⮵㕤ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭ᷕ䘬ˬ䦳⸷㬋佑˭䘬⼙枧≃庫⣏ˤ⎎⢾怬䘤 Ʉ111Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д 䎦炻ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭昌䆸⮵䳬䷼䷦㓰㚱䴙妰ᶲ栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧≃ᷳ⢾炻⛐ˬ䳬䷼㬋 佑˭⮵㕤冢䀋㔯⭀䘬䷦㓰⼙枧⿏ᶲ炻慵天⿏ẍ⍲⼙枧䘬傥≃㗗㚜⣏䘬ˤ ߒ ĹĮĴġ ġ ंـ೩ᡛᜌᄇྱߒġ 䞼䨞`姕 䳸㝄 㕡㱽 `姕 8烉䳬䷼德㖶⹎㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬 ㆸ䩳 堐䎦ˤ䳬䷼德㖶炻㔯⭀⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬堐䎦崲⤥ ˤ 徜㬠 㩊槿ῤ 㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.63**炻 P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.40 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 8-1烉 16 屯妲德㖶䚠⮵㕤䦳⸷德 ㆸ䩳 ⣂⃫徜㬠 屯妲德㖶烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.53** 炻P=0.00<0.05 㖶Ἦ婒烊⛐䷦㓰ᶲ㚜㚱⼙枧傥≃ˤ 䦳⸷德㖶烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.24** 炻P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.40 `姕 9烉䳬䷼德㖶⹎㚫⼙枧㔯⭀⮵㕤䳬䷼㬋 ㆸ䩳 佑䘬娵䞍ˤ䳬䷼崲德㖶炻㔯⭀娵䁢䳬䷼崲㬋 佑䘬ね⼊㚫グ檀ˤ 徜㬠 㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.14**炻 P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.02 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 9-1烉 17 䳬䷼德㖶⹎⮵㕤䦳⸷㬋 佑㭼庫㚱℞⼙枧≃炻⮵㕤↮惵㬋佑䘬⼙枧⇯ 庫Ỷˤ ˖ ⣂⃫徜㬠 ↮惵㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.05炻 P=0.05>0.05 䦳⸷㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.19** 炻P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.04 Ɉ䞼䨞䘤䎦 11烉18 䳬䷼德㖶⹎䚠庫㕤䳬䷼㬋 佑Ἦ婒炻⮵㕤㔯⭀䘬䷦㓰ᶲ㚜℟㚱⼙枧傥≃ ˤ ˖ ⣂⃫徜㬠 䳬䷼㬋佑烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.08** 炻P=0.00<0.05 䳬䷼德㖶⹎烉㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠 0.62**炻P=0.00<0.05 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.40 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞ˤ 16 ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭嬲枭䘬嗽䎮㕡⺷炻⛐⚈䳈↮㜸䘬⺢嬘ᶲ㊱䄏ᶵ⎴䘬廱庠㕡⺷⎗↮䁢ℑ䧖 嬲枭烊ˬ屯妲德㖶⹎˭ẍ⍲ˬ䦳⸷德㖶˭炻ẍ⍲䴙㔜䁢╖ᶨ嬲枭ˬ䳬䷼德㖶˭烊䁢ℤ栏 䎮婾䘬⬴㔜⹎炻⛐㧉✳↮㜸䘬嗽䎮ᶲ䫮侭䴙㔜䁢╖ᶨ嬲枭嗽䎮炻Ữ㗗ḇ⎴㗪忚埴Ḯℑ侭 ⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬慵天䦳⹎㭼庫炻⚈㬌⼿℞䳸㝄ˤ 17 ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭䁢冒墥嬲枭炻䎮婾䘬䘤゛Ἦ冒㕤䳬䷼㬋佑䘬ᶨ橼ℑ朊炻⚈㬌⛐↮㜸ᶲ䈡 ⇍゛Ḯ妋䳬䷼德㖶⹎⮵㕤ˬ↮惵㬋佑˭ẍ⍲ˬ䦳⸷㙐Ṣ晃㬋佑˭ᶲ䘬⼙枧傥≃ⶖ⇍炻⚈ 㬌⼿℞䳸㝄ˤ 18 ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭冯ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭䘬ⶖ⇍⛐㕤⇵侭慵夾䘬德㖶䘬䦳⹎炻⼴侭慵夾䘬㗗⮎晃 ⛐ⶍἄᶲ⮎ἄ℔⸛䘬䉨㱩烊忁ℑ侭⎗婒㗗ᶨ橼ℑ朊炻⚈㬌⛐↮㜸ᶲ䫮侭゛天䞍忻㗗⏎忁 ℑ侭⛐䷦㓰ᶲ䘬慵天⼙枧⿏㭼庫炻⛐↮㜸ᶲ䈡⇍⮯ℑ侭⛯≈ℍᶨ崟↮㜸⼿℞䳸㝄ˤ Ʉ112Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ Πȃंـޟᡛᜌ ẍᶳ㗗㛔䞼䨞ᾖ㬋⼴䞼䨞㧉✳⚾炻⤪⚾ 2烉 ಢᙑആ݂࡙! ! !!!!!!!ၥଉആ݂! 䳬䷼ 㪲≃ 0.62** 0.14** ಢᙑғဎ! ! !!!!!!!Ϸғဎ! ಢᙑ! ᕼਝ! 0.08** ყ ijġ ġ ওғंـყġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒丒 ䷥橼Ἦ婒炻䴻忶徜㬠ẍ⍲⣂⃫徜㬠䘬↮㜸炻䘤䎦ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬 ⼙枧≃炻塓ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭ẍ⍲ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭⬴ℐᷕṳ⍾ẋˤ⚈㬌㧉✳ᷕ炻⮵㕤 䳬䷼䷦㓰㚱䛇㬋⼙枧傥≃䘬炻⎒㚱ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭ẍ⍲ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭ˤ忁ḇ䫎⎰䞼 䨞ᷣ柴天㍊妶䘬慵天槿嫱⓷柴炻ḇ⯙㗗℔攳ᶼ℔⸛䘬⇞⹎⮵㕤䷦㓰ᶵỮ㚱⮎岒䘬 㬋⎹⼙枧≃炻㚜慵天䘬怬⎗ẍ㴰昌ᶨṃ㩗朊ᶳᶵ暨天䘬㓧㱣埴䁢炻⤪䳬䷼㪲≃䘬䌚 ⍾烊忁᷎ᶵ㗗婒䳬䷼㪲≃ㆾ㓧㱣埴䁢⮵㕤䷦㓰㗗ᶵ䔞䘬炻侴㗗婒炻⛐㧉✳ᷕ婒㖶䘬 㗗炻⤪㝄䔞䳬䷼䭉䎮ᶲ℞㬋佑㗗⼘栗䘬ᶼ德㖶⹎朆ⷠ檀䘬㗪῁炻㔯⭀ᶵ暨天啱䓙㩗 朊ᶳ䘬屯㸸ㆾ㪲≃䌚⍾炻⯙⎗⮯℔悐攨䘬䳬䷼ⶍἄ䷦㓰嬲⼿㚜⤥ˤ 䞼䨞㧉✳ᷕ℞ F=473.34ˣR=0.64ˣR2=0.40ˣ婧㔜⼴䘬 R2=0.40炻P=0.00<0.05炻 堐䣢㧉✳℟㚱 40% 䘬妋慳傥≃ˤ侴㧉✳⎎⢾德曚䘬㚜䳘悐䘬妲〗怬㚱炻⛐䳬䷼ ䷦㓰堐䎦ᶲ炻ㅱ娚慵夾ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭ẍ⍲ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭䘬䭉䎮炻᷎ᶼ天䈡⇍㲐シ 䳬䷼ℏ斄㕤ˬ屯妲德㖶˭ẍ⍲ˬ↮惵㬋佑˭䘬埴ἧ炻⤪傥⮯ℏ⊾䁢䳬䷼㔯⊾䘬慵天 䳬䷼䱦䤆炻⯙傥⣈㽨⊝ᷕ⣖㔯⭀⛐㬌䳬䷼ℏ㚜㯪堐䎦炻⛐䳬䷼䷦㓰ᶲ䘬ㆸ㝄ḇ⯙㚫 Ʉ113Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д 㚜⤥ˤ ӂȃंـ๖፣ġ 㛔㔯ᷣ天㍊㯪䘬㗗⼙枧䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⚈䳈炻᷎ᶼ⽆䳬䷼㔯⊾ᷕ䘬㼃㔯⊾-䳬䷼㓧 㱣埴䁢ᶲ℞ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭䘬䌚⍾炻ẍ⍲⼊㕤⢾䳬䷼⇞⹎䘬℔⸛冯℔攳䘬慷㷔-ˬ䳬䷼ 㬋佑˭冯ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭Ἦ忚埴䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⼙枧⚈䳈㍊妶ˤ䳬䷼㔯⊾ 炷organizational culture炸㗗䓙䳬䷼ㆸ⒉ℙ㚱䘬₡ῤ奨ˣ思⽒⍇⇯ˣ⁛䴙⍲䳬䷼忳ἄ 䘬ἄ㱽Ἦ⼊ㆸ炻⬫㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ娵䞍˭炻晾䃞䃉㱽⮎晃䘬䚳⇘ㆾ妠㐠炻Ữ啱䓙⛐䳬䷼ℏ 䘬ⶍἄ䴻槿炻ㆸ⒉㚫⼊⟹忁㧋䘬夷⇯᷎ᶼ⼙枧⛐䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰堐䎦ᶲ炻忁ḇ⽭䃞⼙枧 㔯⭀橼䲣䳬䷼㔯⊾䘬⼊ㆸˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻⛐䳬䷼䭉䎮䘬⍇⇯ᶲ炻㚨➢㛔䘬㡅ẞ㗗天䴎Ḱ ⒉ⶍᶨ农℔⸛䘬䭉䎮⮵⼭ᶳ炻ㇵ傥⣈㚱㓰䭉䎮㍏⇞⒉ⶍ䘬䷦㓰忼ㆸ炷Thibaut & Walker, 1975炸炻侴㛔㔯ḇ⯙㬌㫉䘬ℐ⚳ᷕ⣖㔯⭀婧㞍嫱⮎Ḯ忁溆ˤḇ⯙㗗婒炻⤪ 㝄天䌚⼿列⤥䘬㓧⹄䷦㓰炻㓧⹄⽭枰⛐ℏ悐䭉䎮ᶲ ⇘䭉䎮ᶲ䘬℔⸛炻䭉䎮ᶲ⮵㕤 䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬㔯⭀⛐ⶍἄᶲ⽭枰天㚱℔⸛䘬慷岒䘬↮惵⢾炻᷎ᶼ⽭枰⛐ẍᶳ⸦㕡朊 忚埴屯妲℔攳ẍ⍲德㖶⊾䘬嗽䎮炻⤪⽭枰ˬ℔攳ⶍἄ↮惵䘬屯妲˭ˣˬ✳⟹ⶍἄ䞍 嬀䘬↮ṓ⸛⎘˭ˣˬ⺢䩳⢾悐栏⭊䘬屯妲Ṍ㳩䭉忻˭炻ẍ⍲⮵㕤ˬ⋯怟˭ˬ侫 ䷦˭䘬⍫侫ὅ㒂⽭枰⬴ℐ䘬德㖶᷎嬻㚱ṢḮ妋炻忁㧋ㇵ傥⣈嬻⒉ⶍ䞍奢⛐忁ᾳ䳬 ䷼ᷕ炻㗗ῤ⼿᷎ᶼ栀シ䁢䳬䷼䘬㔜橼䷦㓰㓰≃ˤ ⯙䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬⛘ᶳ㬋佑-ˬ䳬䷼㪲≃˭Ἦ婒炻䔞䳬䷼⏰䎦⮩攱ㆾ侭㗗朆℔攳䘬 䳬䷼㔯⊾㯋〗㗪炻厗Ṣ䣦㚫忂ⷠ㚫姜媠㕤朆㬋⺷㪲≃⤪ˬ斄Ὢ˭ㆾ侭㗗ˬṢね˭䫱 㕡⺷Ἦ䌚⼿゛天䘬屯㸸ㆾ侭㗗㴰〗䭉忻炻㧡䩳冒⛐䳬䷼䘬⛘ỵㆾ侭㗗忼ㆸⶍἄ䚖 㧁ˤỮ㗗㛔䞼䨞槿嫱Ḯ炻⛐德㖶ᶼ℔㬋䘬䳬䷼䭉䎮ᷕ炻㔯⭀᷎ᶵ暨天⮳㯪ᶨṃ忁ṃ 朆㬋⺷㪲≃䘬䳗䧵炻ḇ⎗ẍὫ忚䳬䷼䷦㓰ẍ⍲䳬䷼䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸˤ ⎎⢾ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭⇯㗗㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬䘤䎦䘬ℐ㕘ᶼ慵天䘬⼙ 枧⚈䳈炻晾䃞᷎㰺㚱⃰⇵ 忶䚠斄䞼䨞䘬㔯䌣炻Ữ㗗⛐㛔䞼䨞䘬槿嫱ᶲ炻昌Ḯ℞慷 堐⛐⚈䳈↮㜸䘬䴙妰㩊㷔⼴炻柴䳬䘬ᾉ⹎㥳朊⬴㔜炻堐䣢㗗⎗ẍ⛐冢䀋㊩临忚埴䞼 䨞䘬ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭柴䳬慷堐ᷳ⢾炻怬䘤䎦ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭⮵㕤䷦㓰䘬⼙枧㭼䳬䷼ 㬋佑Ἦ䘬㚜⣏ˤḇ⯙㗗婒炻⛐㓧⹄䭉䎮䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬椾天ⶍἄ炻⽭枰天⡆≈䳬䷼ℏ Ʉ114Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ ˬ䳬䷼德㖶⹎˭䘬䦳⹎炻忁ㇵ傥⣈嬻ˬ䳬䷼㬋佑˭䛇㬋⼘栗⛐䳬䷼䭉䎮ᶲˤ 侴⼴临↮㜸ᶲ炻䚖⇵冢䀋斄㕤䞼䨞䳬䷼㬋佑䘬⼙枧Ⰼ㫉炻昌Ḯ㛔㔯↮㜸䘬䷦㓰 㓰傥⢾炻⎎⢾怬㚱䳬䷼䘬佌橼シ嬀炻⤪䳬䷼㈧媦ˣ暊借シ栀ˣ䳬䷼℔㮹埴䁢ˣᾉả 斄Ὢ䫱烊ㆾ侭㗗ᾳṢ䘬₡ῤⰌ㫉㺧嵛炻⤪ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䫱ˤ䚖⇵䘬⮎嫱↮㜸屯㕁⣏悐 ↮Ἦ冒㕤䥩悐攨炻᷎ᶼ㈽㲐㕤ⶍἄ㺧シㆾ侭㗗䳬䷼㈧媦䫱䚠斄⼙枧⿏炷䚠斄䞼䨞⤪ 昛䏎↙ˣ⻝⧱卩炻2009烊䌳刦剻炻2009烊惕晭㕡ˣ岜懢❶炻2011炸ˤ⚈㬌⛐℔悐攨 ᶲ炻ㅱ⎗ℵ≈ℍ℞Ṿ䳬䷼㔯⊾⼙枧⚈䳈忚埴槿嫱炻㭼⤪悐攨攻䘬ᾉảˣ䳬䷼㈧媦ˣ ䷩㔯䷇䭨䫱⚈䳈炻忁㗗ᶳᶨ㬍⎗两临忚埴䘬㧉✳㒜⃭㩊槿䘬悐↮ˤ ՃМᝦġ 䌳刦剻炷2009炸ˤ䳬䷼℔⸛䞼䨞⮵⬠㟉埴㓧䘬┇䣢炻Ᏸਮࢇ炻䫔 59 㛇炻枩 96112ˤ 㜿忠Ⲙ炷2004炸ˤಢᙑࢇޣݽឈȃಢᙑϴҁȃಢᙑԩМϽȃಢᙑܛᒛȃಢᙑࢇݽ ࣏ώհΣᇄώհ࣏ϞᜰᖒـंܒșоѮࠒᑪஅቹၻོ࣏ٽˤ⋿厗⣏⬠䭉 䎮䥹⬠䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻▱佑ˤ 㜿忚㖶炷2003炸ˤϴΡষᕼਝຟեᇄዩᛃޟ࡙ڙᅖཎ࡙ᄇಢᙑϴҁᇯޣኇϞं ـșоᜰΡষ࣏ٽˤ⚳䩳ᷕ⣖⣏⬠ẩ㤕䭉䎮䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻㟫 ⚺ˤ 㜿暯ⱑ炷2007炸ˤӻᡐ໔Ϸ ݙTQTT ޟᐇհᇄᔖҢˤ冢⊿烉㘢⊅ˤ 㰇⚳㱱炷2004炸ˤಢᙑϴҁܒȃώհᅖٗཐᇄಢᙑϴҕ࣏Ϟᜰᖒـंܒșоᕊ ӌཾ࣏ٽ炻⣏⎴⣏⬠ḳ㤕䴻䆇⬠䲣⬠ỵ䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 㳒㸀晭炷2004炸ˤಢᙑϴҁȃಢᙑࢇޣݽឈᇄಢᙑϴҕ࣏ᜰ߽ϞंـșѮႫϴѧ ষώϞᢎᘈˤ䛇䎮⣏⬠䭉䎮䥹⬠䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻㕘⊿ˤ ⼸㈧㭭ˣ㛶㔯晬ˣ姙⽿岊炷2007炸ˤṢḳṢ⒉ᾳṢ側㘗⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ᷳ䞼䨞ȹẍ T ℔⎠䁢ἳˤᜋंـѐ炻䫔 11 㛇炻枩 217-250ˤ 湫䄍㥖炷2000炸ˤಢᙑϛ࣠ይЈ߆ݖਝᔖϞंـȈࢇഋོᐠᜰτܒЀ᎐Ϟᄂᜌ Ϸݙ炻⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠℔ℙ埴㓧⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 昛㔎㸸炷2009炸ˤ德㖶ᷳᶳ䘬婚屔烉⎘䀋㮹ᷣ㱣䎮ᷕ⭀㮹ᾉả斄Ὢ䘬慵⺢➢䢶ˤ Ʉ115Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д М࡙ۢ۟ڙѐ炻∝↲嘇炻枩 21-56ˤ 昛㔎㸸ˣ 䯉懢䍺炷 2012炸ˤᖅМᇄಢᙑᕼਝϞߑ ـंܒˤ䘤堐㕤 2012 TASPAA ⎘䀋℔ℙ埴㓧冯℔ℙḳ⊁䲣倗⎰㚫⚳晃⬠埻䞼妶㚫炻ㆸ≇⣏⬠㓧 㱣⬠䲣ᷣ彎炻冢⋿ˤ 昛䏎↙ˣ⻝⧱卩炷2009炸ˤ⣂Ⰼ㫉⁛扟㤕䳬䷼℔⸛ˣ䳬䷼㔯⊾ˣ柀⮶ㆸ⒉Ṍ㎃斄Ὢ 冯ⶍἄ㺧シᷳ斄Ὢ炻֔ݍငᔼ୦ᏰᏰൢ炻䫔 66 㛇炻枩 1-32ˤ 昛ṳ䓇炷2006炸ˤࢇᐠᜰᕼਝዩߜ࡙ڙԙਝኇӰશϞଆȈоଝଶۢמռሄᏲ ۏষོ࣏ٽ炻㶉㰇⣏⬠℔ℙ埴㓧⬠䲣℔ℙ㓧䫾䡑⢓⛐借⮰䎕⬠ỵ婾㔯炻㛒↢ 䇰炻㕘⊿ˤ 姙▱ⲣ炷2006炸ˤࢇᐠᜰᕼਝዩߜϞಢᙑϴҁंـșоཱིԼѿࢇٽ࣏ۺˤᷕ厗⣏ ⬠埴㓧䭉䎮⬠䲣䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻㕘䪡ˤ 湫Ἓ剻炷2006炸ˤϴΡষᄇ౪Ճᕼ࡙ڙϴҁܒᇯޣᇄڏώհᄘ࡙ᜰ߽Ϟंـș оଽѿМఀᐠᜰ࣏ٽˤ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ㆸṢ㔁做䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢ 䇰炻檀晬ˤ ⻝卨䛇炷2009炸ˤΡ৯וԒሴᏲᇄഋ឴ਝᇄഋ឴ᄘ࡙ˤ⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠⽫䎮⬠ 䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻▱佑ˤ 姙枮㖢ˣ恙䐄⨟炷2011炸ˤ⚳晃奨濑灺梸梚悐攨䳬䷼㬋佑ˣ⒉ⶍ∝㕘灖䁢冯䷦㓰 堐䎦ᷳ䚠斄䞼䨞ȹẍ䳬䷼㓗㊩䁢⸚㒦嬲枭炻ᢎӎӄᏰൢ炻䫔 17 ⌟䫔 1 㛇炻枩 49-74ˤ 惕晭㕡ˣ岜懢❶炷2011炸ˤṢ㟤䈡岒ˣ䳬䷼℔⸛ˣ柀⮶ȹㆸ⒉Ṍ㌊斄㡅冯ⶍἄ㺧嵛 ᷳ䚠斄⿏䞼䨞ȹẍ⣂Ⰼ㫉⁛扟䁢ἳ炻Ρࠉᙁंـ炻䫔 7 ⌟䫔 2 㛇炻枩 7795ˤ 冢䀋嫱⇠Ṍ㖻炷2012炸ˤ屉⊁⟙⏲婆妨炷XBRL炸烉斄㕤 XBRL炻2012 ⸜ 9 㚰 5 㖍⍾冒ᇃᢊᜌڔҺܾܚ炻䵚⛨烉http://www.twse.com.tw/ch/listed/XBRL/about XBRL.phűˤ Adams, J. S. (1963). Wage inequities, productivity, and work quality. Industrial Relations, No. 3: 9-16. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 267-299). New York: Academic. Ʉ116Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ Bies, R. J., & J. S. Moag (1986). Interactional justice: Communication criteria of fairness. In R. J. Lewicki, B. H. Sheppard, & M. Bazerman (Eds.), Research on negotiation in organizations (pp. 43-55). Greenwich, CT: JAI. Brewer, G. A., & S. C. Selden (2000). Why elephants gallop: Assessing and predicting organizational performance in federal agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 10 (No. 4): 685-711. Fagenson, E. A. (1990). Perceived masculine and feminine attributes examined as a function of individuals’ sex and level in the organizational power hierarchy: A test of four theoretical perspectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75 (No. 2): 204-211. Ferris, G. R., D. D. Frink, M. C. Galang, J. Zhou, K. M. Kacmar, & J. L. Howard (1996). Perceptions of organizational politics: Prediction, stress-related implication, and outcomes. Human Relations, Vol. 49 (No. 2): 233-266. Fortin, M., & M. R. Fellenz (2008). Hypocrisies of Fairness: Towards a More Reflexive Ethical Base in Organizational Justice Research and Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 78 (No. 3): 415-433. Fisher, F., & C. Sirianni (1984). Critical Studies in Organization and Bureaucracy. Philadelphia: Temple University. Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, No. 12: 9-22. Greenberg, J. (1990a). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Psychology, No. 75: 561-568. Greenberg, J. (1990b). Organizational justice: Yesterday today and tomorrow. Journal of Management, No. 16: 399-432. Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. N. Y: Harper and brothers. Kim, S. M. (2005). Individual-level factors and organizational performance in government organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 15 (No. 2): 245-261. Kreitner, R., & A. Kinicki (2001). Organizational Behavior (5th Ed.). Burr Ridge, ILL: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Lam, S. S. K., J. Schaubroeck, & S. Aryee (2002). Relationship between organizational justice and employee work outcomes: a cross-national study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, No. 23: 1-18. Ʉ117Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д Leventhal, G. S. (1976). Fairness in social relationships. In J. W. Thibaut, J. T. Spence, & R. C. Carson (Eds.), Contemporary topics in social psychology (pp. 211-239). Morristown, NJ: General Learning. Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationships. In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greehberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp. 27-55). New York: Plenum. Leventhal, G. S., J. Karuza, & W. R. Fry (1980). Beyond fairness: A theory allocation preferences. In G. Mikula (Ed.), Justice and social interaction (pp. 167-128). New York: Springer-Verlag. Newman, M. A. (1993). Career advancement: Does gender make a difference? American Review of Public Administration, Vol. 23 (No. 4): 361-384. Roohanid, S., Y. Furusho, M. Koizumi (2009). XBRL: Improving transparency and monitoring functions of corporate governance. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Vol. 6 (No. 4): 355-369. Sander, V. T., & F. L Leeuw.(2002). The Performance Paradox in the Public Sector. Public Performance & Management Review, Vol. 25 (No. 3): 267-281. Stirton, L., & M. Lodge (2001). Transparency Mechanisms: Building Publicness into Public Services. Journal of Law and Society, Vol. 28 (No. 4): 471-489. Sungjoo, C. (2011). Organizational Justice and Employee Work Attitudes: The Federal Case. The American Review of Public Administration, No. 41: 185-204. Thibaut J, Walker L. (1975). Procedural Justice. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ. U.S. Office of Personnel Management (2012). 2012 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey Results. Retrieved, 2012,10.11 from: http://www.opm.gov/. Ʉ118Ʉ ಔᙃΚǵಔᙃܴࡋᆶಔᙃ҅က۬ࡹکᕮਏϐቹៜزࣴ܄ A Study of the Relationships among Organizational Power, Organizational Transparency, Organizational Justice and Performance of Government: A Case Study of the TGBS II, 2012 Chia-Ying Lu* Abstract Government information disclosure and transparency in decisionmaking are important indicators to measure the democratization performance of the country, but the transparency of decision-making within the organization for the government performance remains a mystery. This article uses the 2012 TGSB (II) survey data. It tries to understand the organization of the public sector by looking into whether there is a causal relationship between organizational justice, organizational transparency and organizational power for government performance. This study is based on evidence-based public administration research, using multiple regression and survey research methodsĭġ with 1,475 valid samples of the central civil service of Taiwan. In the research, the organizational transparency and organizational justice as the main factors which affecting organizational performance. Although the organizational power affect performance too, but in a high * Ph.D. Student, Department of Public Administration, National Chengchi University. Ʉ119Ʉ ǸЎۑࡋڋ۔тǸ ಃϖڔಃΒය ҇102ԃ4Д degree of organization transparency is not applicable. Recommended in the organization management must focus the information transparency and distributive justice exercise, which can motivate the behavior of the civil service, and Promote better performance results. Keywords: government management, performance, organizational justice organizational transparency, organizational power Ʉ120Ʉ
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz