Rapid Overview of
Central Asia Water
Institutions
Water
Resources in
the Aral Sea
Basin
The Concept: Institutions are key to sustainable water
Resources management
Institutions are pillars:
⇒ Stir-up the political will and legal
framework
⇒ Support a winning combination for
sustainable water management
Water uses coordination / management
Institutions
Institutions
Political will / Legal framework
Answer to the following needs:
• Juggle with needs for water supply,
power generation, irrigation and
environmental needs
• Improved management and access to
water information
• Building capacities
In practice – In Central Asia … we are talking about a multitude of institutions !!
REGIONAL
Academia
Global Knowledge ProvidersEXTERNAL
Environmental Agencies
Regional Organizations
Departments/Agencies
NATIONAL
Regional Universities
Ministries
Ministry of Economy
Who?
Development Partners
Private Sector
Kazakhstan
Ministry of Agriculture
Committee on Water
Resources
River Basin
Inspections
Comprehensive
management of the basin
in accordance with Water
Code and the basin
principle
Allocate water based on
forecasts for vegetative
season; revise allocations
based on actual water
availability
Administer permit system
Inspect compliance with
permits, water use
reporting rules
Prepare Cadaster of all
water use
Ministry of Energy
Department of Water and
Biological Resources
Kazvodhoz
Deliver irrigation water
to users according to
demands and limits set
by the Basin
Inspectorates
Deliver drinking water
Operate and repair
water works including
irrigation and drinking
water works for delivery
of water to users
Operate CWR
monitoring network
Develop action plans to
prevent and manage
natural disasters as they
might affect waterworks
Kazhydromet
 Collection, processing & dissemination of
hydrologic and meteorological information
 Meteorological forecasting
National Institute for Space Research and Technology– Expertise and capability in
earth observation, mapping and geo-spatial information systems, web-portal
development, and monitoring
Institute for Geography – Glacier dynamics and forecasting, transboundary water
assessment
Kazghiprovodhoz – a state owned enterprise (SOE) that provides engineering
services including surveys and studies, feasibility studies, design and contract
documents, and construction supervision
KazSeleZashita – Entity from the Ministry of emergency Situations – Management
of risks and emergencies
Kyrgyz Republic
Department of Water
Resources under the
Ministry of Agriculture and
Melioration
Departments / Administrations
District Water
Management
Administrations
(40)
Basin Water
Management
Administrations
(7)
Basin Water Resources
Management (5)
Water Users Associations
Development and Management
Support Unit
Toktogul Special Fund
Department for the realization of
International Projects
Subordinate Organizations
Scientific Technical Unit
Direction of the Construction of
Water Administration Objects
Design and Technological Institute
“Vodavtokmatika and Automation”
PKTI
Hydrogeological Melioration
Expedition
State Water Inspection
State Agency for
Environmental
Protection & forestry
Ministry of Agriculture & Melioration
Department of Water Resources & Melioration
 Investment & Policy
 Information & Analysis
 Research Institute for Irrigation
 Manage water demand and distribution for irrigation
 Water planning for irrigation
 Construction & Hydraulics
 Automation and Metrology (Equipment Certification)
 Support units for Water User Associations (regional, district)
 International Issues
 Special Fund for Toktogul (Irrigation)
 Decentralized offices (7 basin agencies, 40 district water offices; 3 local
irrigation reservoir management; Melioration and Exploration/groundwater
surveys; Water Inspectors)
 Chu-Talas Commission (with Kazakhstan)
Environmental
Monitoring &
Enforcement
Forestry
Ministry of Emergency
Situations
Ministry of Energy &
industry
Kyrgyz Hydromet
Management of dams
with hydro-electricity
purpose
 Collection, processing &
dissemination of hydrologic,
meteorological, and water quality
information
 Meteorological forecasting
Academy of Science
Institute for Water Problems
& Hydropower
Analysis of water and hydropower
issues
Tajikistan
Ministry of Energy ad Water
Resources
Task Force on Water Resources
Implement Integrated Water Resources
Plan
Basin Planning
Safety of Hydraulic Structures
Committee for Environmental
Protection
Tajik Hydromet
Collection, processing & dissemination of
hydrologic, meteorological, and water quality
information
Meteorological forecasting
Dam and hydraulic structure safety
Water Cadastre
• Water Allocation (permitting)
• Environmental Monitoring
Water Accounting - Balance
TAJNIGIM
Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Health
Institute for Water Issues, Energy
& Ecology
Sanitary and Epidemiological Dept.
Drinking water quality
Wastewater management
Executive Office of the President
Department of Agriculture &
Environment
Agency on Land Reclamation &
Irrigation
Deliver irrigation water to users
according to demands and limits
set by the Basin Inspectorates
Operate and repair water works
including irrigation and drinking
water works for delivery of water
to users
JSC Barki Tajik
Operate hydropower plants
State Unitary Enterprise KMK
District Support Units/ VodoKanal
 Water Supply
Committee of Emergency Situations
Disaster management/response
Department of Geology
Groundwater Exploration/ Mapping/
Management
Ministry of Agriculture and Water
Water Resources planning & management
Policy for water resources and agriculture
State Committee for Environmental Protection
Protection and Land Resources
• implementation state policy and intersectoral control for environment and natural
resources uses.
• Protection of ecosystems, prevention of
deterioration of surface and groundwater
• Monitoring of natural resources.
National Desert, Flora and Fauna Institute under the State
Committee for Environment Protection and Land Resources
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Turkmenistan
National Committee for Hydro-meteorology under the Cabinet of
Minister
• Weather forecasts, water availability favorable periods for sowing
crops, yield and gross harvest;
• Applied research in natural sciences and engineering
• Implementation of inter-state scientific and technological
cooperation, including the exchange of information on natural
disasters, and methodology for meteorological observations;
• Coordination of monitoring network operation in line with
international obligations and World Meteorological Organization
requirements;
• Maintenance of the technological level, unity and comparability of
measurements results, standardization, implementation of the
rules and regulations of metrological support, and
standardization.
Integrated research, sustainable use and protection of biosphere resources
Desertification processes and development of measures for sustainable water and land use;
data bank of the state cadaster;
Development of technologies for restoration and improvement of degraded forest and pasture
area and planting of forest orchards;
Development of scientific grounds for maintenance of a network of nature conservation areas
and recommendations for their management
Uzbekistan
Ministry of Agriculture and Water (MAWR)
Water Resources planning & management
Policy for water resources and agriculture
Schemes for IWRM
Dispatch Center
Support scientific and technical information and coordinate
capacity building of subordinated institutions
Basin Administration Irrigation Systems (BAIS)
Regional level support for rational use of water
resources
Forecast of water uses and water consumption and
recommendations to MAWR on water intake limits
Sets limits of water withdrawals on main canals
Permits for water use or water consumption for
irrigation
Uzbekistan Hydromet
Collection, processing & dissemination of hydrologic,
meteorological, and water quality information
Meteorological forecasting
Sub-Basin support for rational use of water
Ministry of Public Health
General Directorate of Sanitary and Epidemiology
surveillance
Monitors drinking, municipal, and irrigation water quality.
Issues Decrees/orders
Disaster management/response
State Stock Company UzENERGO
Operation and maintenance of HPP
State Inspectorate on control and supervision of the
technical condition and safety on the Largest and most
important water economy objects under the Cabinet of
Ministers
Develop State Policy on environment security and
natural resources uses
Environmental Certification and Standardization of
norms
State Committee on Geology and Mineral
Resources
Ministry of Emergency Situations
Administration of Irrigation Systems (AIS) and
Administation of Main Canals
State Committee for Nature Protection
Central Dispatch Center (CDC) ENERGIA (Regional)
State Enterprise Geological Information Center
Computerization of the geological monitoring
National information system for Geology and
mineral resources
Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for Geology
State Committee on Land Resources, Geodesy,
Cartography and State Cadastre
Implements policy on land management
Topographic plans , maps of the state, remote
sensing and geo-dynamics studies of the Earth.
geographic information system and geodetic,
cartographic hydrographic support.
Tashkent Institute for Melioration and
Irrigation (TIMI)
The Regional Story - in brief
 All major Central Asia rivers are transboundary
 Strong need for a coordinated approach to manage water bodies and water resources
at national and regional levels
 1992 Agreement – A legal and political performance – Establishment of a solid institutional
framework, among the 5 Central Asia countries
 The current historical framework knows several challenges (Lack of coordination, fragmented
institutions and mandates, new needs to adapt, Afghanistan etc.) . New models under development
IFAS
CAIAG
Chu-Talas
Commission
RCH
CAREC
ICSD
2003
2002
2001
1993
1992
ICAS
(coordination of
Aral Sea Basin
Programs)
ICWC
1991
EC-IFAS
Collapse of the
Soviet Union
Historical Institutional Model
Towards Institutional Diversification
The International Fund for Saving
the Aral Sea (IFAS)
Source: EC-IFAS
 IFAS is a regional governmental organization
founded by the five Central Asian countries
Heads of States.
 Two technical commissions and an executive
committee that are managed by the IFAS
Board and a central apparatus.
• Mandate:
Support dialogue and mutual understanding to
find practical solutions for water use, hydroenergy use and ecology, and develop state
partnerships and cooperation with international
donor organizations
• Functions:
 Primarily intended to generate funds
 Maintain an inter-state environmental
monitoring system, other information systems
on the Aral Sea basin environment;
 Fund joint scientific and technological
projects and measures for the management
of transboundary domestic waters.
=> The Central Apparatus - The Decision
Making and Supervision body
Council of the Heads of Central Asian States on the Aral Sea Basin Problems
President of IFAS
Audit Committee
Board of IFAS
(Representatives of each founder state at the level of
Deputy Prime Minister)
 The Council of the Heads of States on the problems of the Aral Sea Basin reunites the five
Presidents of the Central Asia countries, develops the main agreements and takes decision.
 The IFAS President (i) guides and approves upon the various tasks and responsibilities of the
Fund, appoints/dismisses the Chairman of EC-IFAS (in consultation with the others Heads of
Central Asia countries).
 The IFAS Board approves the regional program and financial estimations and implements a
control of the annual payments.
=> The Executive Committee –
The Working Body
• Mandate: Ensure compliance to the
Board’s decisions, convening the five
Central Asia countries and coordinating
the implementation of the Aral Sea
Basin Plans
Executive Committee of IFAS
• Primary functions:
• Chairman appointed by the President of IFAS
- Ensure the implementation of decisions
• 10 members (2 per founder state)
- Implement projects and programs
Executive Board of IFAS in Kazakhstan
related to the Aral Sea Basin;
- Manage and coordinate activities of IFAS
Kyzylorda Branch
branches;
Executive Board of IFAS in Kyrgyzstan
- Coordinate activities with ICWC and the
ICSD;
Branch of EC-IFAS in Tajikistan
- Expands collaboration
Rotation every 3 years – - Seeks financial resources
Dashoguz Branch in Turkmenistan
transition in process in
Turkmenistan
Agency of IFAS in Uzbekistan
Nukus Branch in Uzbekistan
Regional Center of Hydrology
Mandate: improve the forecasting system and
data exchange among the national hydrometeorological agencies of the region and to
strengthen inter-state cooperation in this
sphere.
=> The Inter-State Commission for Water
Coordination (ICWC) – The cooperative water
allocation mechanism
• Mandate:
- Govern the inter-state allocation of water
resources of the Amudarya and the
Syrdarya rivers
- Review and define the water-economy
policy
- Elaborate and approve water
consumption limits annually
• Functioning:
- Convene the Deputy Ministers for Water
- Meetings organized on a regular basis
and hosted on a rotation basis by the
members states.
The ICWC bodies
ICWC Committee
The Scientific Information
Center (SIC – ICWC)
National Branches in Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
Information and analytical
body:
• Prospective development for
water policy, and techniques
for water use and
management
• Creation of a unified
information system on water
resources use, water and land
monitoring.
The BWO
“SyrDarya”
The BWO
“SyrDarya”
Water Operations bodies:
Support the planning and
management of water flow
schedules and water resources
distribution, in accordance with
ICWC decisions
Responds directly to ICWC members and
monitor BWO’s protocols implementation.
Secretariat
Organizational support
Coordination
Metrological Center
ICWC Training
Center
Mandate:
Undertake research
and further realization
of automated control
systems
Mandate:
Capacity
building
=> The Inter-State Commission for Sustainable
Development (ICSD) – The cooperative mechanism
for Environment
• Mandate:
Coordinate and manage regional
cooperation in the field of environment and
sustainable development in Central Asia.
Rotation every 2 years – Currently in
Turkmenistan
The Central Asia Regional Ecological Center (CAREC) - An emerging Platform of
collaboration
CAREC is an independent, nonprofit, non-political, international
organization founded in 2001
• Mandate:
- Provides a platform for
interstate and multi-sectoral
dialogue on cutting-edge knowhow, knowledge and
technologies
- Promotes the deployment and
application of innovative
environmental policies,
involvement of the public in
environmental decision-making,
and improvement of information
exchange
The Central Asia Institute for Geo-Sciences (CAIAG) – An emerging Cooperative
Research Institution
• Mandate:
- Develop multi-disciplinary
research on relevant issues
such as Natural Disaster Risk
Reduction, Water
Management and Adaption to
Climate Change in Central Asia
- Provide scientifically sound
support to decision makers.
The Chu-Talas River Commission: An emerging institutional model
Created in 2002
• Mandate:
Coordinate water uses and
objects between Kazakhstan the
Kyrgyz Republic on the Chu-Talas
River Basin.
=> Lessons sharing for
transboundary water
management under IWRM
principles
Regional Needs Assessment
Institutional Primer
Central Asia Water Resources Management Project
Central Asia Energy and Water Development Program
Overall Institutional Framework
Legal Background
Laws relevant to water and environment resources management, programs and
strategies for the water and/or environmental sector reform
Overall Description Main functions, location, functioning
Mandate of the Status, by-laws, decrees, orders, regulations, protocols (or any other relevant legal
institutions
document)
Capacity
building Total number of staff per institutions and repartition into key department and unit.
and
professional Number of percentage of Women. Staff recruited in the latest 3 years.
development
Office – working State of the infrastructure (construction of the building, date of the latest renovations),
infrastructures
Internet connection, number and state of computers, servers …
Information Framework
Information
and flows
exchange - Which information is sent to others institutions (national and regional levels)? Including information
products
- Which information is received from others institutions (national and regional levels)?
- In which format this information is received?
- At which frequency the information is exchanged?
- Is the information paid?
Monitoring equipment - Surface water quality & quantity monitoring (i.e. Stream gauging, water levels, runoff, laboratories)
(Provide description and - Inventory of infrastructures
quantification)
- Meteorology and climate (i.e. rainfall. Synoptic and Climate stations, snow and glaciers, weather radars)
- Ground water quantity and quality monitoring
- Remote sensing and mechanical / manual devices
Analytical tools
- Water information systems, Databases, Software, Programs, mapping systems, Models utilized
The Modernization and Transformation of Water Management
Organizations
to meet Present and Future Challenges
Point
A
The status of water management
organizations today with respect to
their capacity and capability to
carry out their functions mandated
in the Water Code and to
implement the Governments water
management program or reform
strategy and roadmap
STRATEGY
Information
Institutions
Investment
CA-WaRM Project
Point
B
Where would each organization
like to be 10-15 in the future in
terms of what they do and how
they do it? What changes,
improvements, new technologies,
data and skills and knowledge are
needed to get moving along the
path to modern water
management and implementation
of the Government’s program and
strategy?
Thank you for your attention
!!!