Scientific
Method
Scientific Method
Scientific Method1. State the Problem
2. Gather information on the problem
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the Hypothesis
5. Record and analyze the data
6. State a conclusion
7. * Repeat the work
Hypothesis- An educated guess. A concept that is not yet verified but if true would explain
certain facts or phenomena.
Variable- factor being tested in an experiment
Dependent Variable- The variable that is the observed result of the change in the
independent variable.
Independent Variable- The variable that is being manipulated or changed
Control experiment- Experiment done in exactly the same way as another experiment,
but without the variable.
Theory- A logical, systematic set of principles or explanation that has undergone testing
or validation from careful observations and has stood up against attempts to prove it false.
A scientific theory can be used to make a variety of predictions of what will happen under
different circumstances
Law- A generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature. Example: “Law of
Gravity.”
Mean- The answer when you add the values of all the numbers in a set and divide by the #
of numbers in the set.
Median- In a list of numbers, it is the middle number. Not the average.
Mode- The number that occurs most often in a set of data.
Procedure:
How quick are you?
1. Work with your partner.
2. One person holds the ruler (someplace close to the middle).
3. The other person places their hand just bottom the ruler with the thumb
and index finger (pointing finger) slightly open.
4. Without warning, the person drops the ruler. The other person grabs the
ruler with their thumb and index finger.
5. Record the upper boundary grasp reading on the ruler. Do this in
centimeters.
6. When recording the data completely fill in the row of the data table
7. Repeat four more times.
8. Switch roles and repeat steps one through seven.\
9. After completing the five trials for both you and your partner, collect data
from 18 other students.
10. After completion of class data collection, answer the follow up questions.
Name
Male or
Female
st
1 trail
cm
Reaction Time
2nd trail
cm
3rd trail
cm
4th trail
Cm
5th trail
cm
Follow up Questions
Name ____________ ___________ Period __ Group number ___
1. What was the fastest reaction time? _____. How do you know?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. What was the slowest reaction time? _____. How do you know?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. What was the fastest male reaction time? _________.
4. What was the fastest female reaction time? _______.
5. Who was the fastest in the class? ____________________
a. How do you know?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
b. Did they record who it was? _________________
c. Why or why not? ____________________________________________
d. Why is this important? ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Do you see any patterns in the trials?
a. What are they?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
b. Why do you think these patterns exist? ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. What was the average male reaction time?
a. How do we obtain this?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
b. What was the time? _________________
c. Who had the best average?
___________________________________
8. What was the average female reaction time?
a. How do we obtain this?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
b. What was the time? _________________
c. Who had the best average?
___________________________________
9. Where there any other factors that may have effected response time?
a. What are they?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
b. How could we test these factors? ___________________________
10. What is the mean of your trials? ______________________
11. What was the mean of your trials? ____________________
12. What was the median of your trials? __________________
13. What was the median of your partner’s trials? _____________
14. What was the mode of all the males in the class? ___________
15. What was the mode of all the females in the class? _________
Scientific Method
How is the Surface Tension of Water Affected by Soap?
Introduction: Surface tension refers to waters ability to “stick to itself”.
Surface tension can be measured and observed by dropping water ( drop
by drop ) onto a penny. The number of water drops that can fit on a penny
will surprise you.
1. Initial observation: Observe surface tension by seeing how many
drops of water can fit on a penny.
a. Number of drops _____________
Question: How does soap affect the water’s surface tension?
Hypothesis: What affect do you think soap will have on the surface
tension? Write your answer in paragraph form below.
Experiment: Test your hypothesis by comparing the number of drops of
tap water that can fit on a penny to the number of drops of soapy water that
can fit on a penny. Because water drops may vary depending on how well
you drop the water, it is better to run many trials and take an average.
Record you data on the table below.
Trial1
Non-soap
Soap
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial5
Analyze data and draw conclusions: Write a paragraph below ( using
complete sentences) that explains how soap affects the surface tension of
water, using your data to help answer the question. Suggest a reason for
your answer ( Why did it happen). Did the experiment support or reject your
hypothesis?
Post Lab Analysis
1. What is surface tension?
2. Why did we conduct many trials?
3. In this experiment what was your control?
4. What was the independent variable?
5. What was the dependent variable?
Identifying Controls and Variables
Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two
groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed
to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is
not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each
group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.
1. What is the control group?
2. What is the independent variable
3. What is the dependent variable?
4. What should be Smithers conclusion?
Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells
him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this this out by
spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with
water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on
either side of the shower.
1. What was the initial observation?
2. What is the control group?
3. What is the independent variable?
4. What is the dependent variable?
5. What is the conclusion?