Photosynthesis and Respiration NOTES:
Photosynthesis plus Respiration
Photosynthesis - 6 CO2 +
Respiration
- C6H12O6
+
6 H 20
6 O2
C6H12O6

+
6 O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Equation when put together
6 CO2 +
6 H 20

C6H12O6
+
6 O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
LABEL THE PARTS THAT MAKE UP THIS MOLECULE of ATP:
A= Adenine
B= Ribose (Sugar)
C= Phosphate Group
Photosynthesis Overview
•
Process by which plants and other autotrophs store the energy of sunlight into sugars.
•
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by a number of factors including sunlight, temperature,
availability of water.
•
Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
•
Overall equation:
6 CO2 +
6 H 20

C6H12O6
+
6 O2
•
Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.
•
Reactants:
•
– Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
– Water (H2O)
Energy Source is SUN LIGHT
•
Products:
–
Carbohydrates (C6H12O6)
–
Oxygen (O2)
–
6 CO2 +
6 H 20

C6H12O6
+
6 O2
•
Pigments – molecules that collect light energy
•
Photosystems – collection of pigments (including Chlorophyll) that absorb different wavelengths of light.
•
Chlorophyll – the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants. Plants look Green because Chlorophyll
reflects green light and does not absorb it.
Reatants
Products
H2O – light dependent
CO2 – light independent
O2
C6H12O6
Concept Map
Photosynthesis
includes
Light
dependent
reactions
Light
independent
reactions
uses
Light
Energy
uses
Water H2O
to produce
ATP
Oxygen O2
ATP
NADPH
to produce
NADPH
Glucose
Chloroplast Structure
• Thickened regions
called thylakoids. A
stack of thylakoids
is called a granum.
(Plural – grana)
• Stroma is a liquid
surrounding the
thylakoids.
Carbon
Dioxide CO2
Light Dependent Reactions
•
Light-dependent reactions occur on the thylakoid membranes.
–
Photosystems I and II contain chlorophyll pigment and absorb light energy.
–
Energy storage molecules are formed (ATP and NADPH) with use of the absorbed light and water.
–
Oxygen gas is made as a waste product.
Light Independent Reactions
AKA: The Calvin Cycle
•
Calvin Cycle
–
Carbon atoms from CO2 are fixed into carbohydrates (sugars) during a process called Carbon
Fixation
–
The energy stored in ATP and NADPH during the Light Reaction is used in the Calvin Cycle
–
The Calvin Cycle occurs in the Stroma of the Chloroplast.
C
H
L
O
R
P
L
A
S
T
Light Independent Reactions
Light Dependent Reactions
Rate of Photosynthesis
•
Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
–
Temperature
–
Water
–
Light
Cell Respiration Overview
• The controlled release of energy from organic molecules (most often glucose)
• The Carbon atoms of glucose (C6H12O6) are released as CO2 gas into the atmosphere
• Generates ATP
• The energy in one glucose molecule may be used to produce 36 ATP
• Respiration - C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
• Whole Formula - 6 CO2 + 6 H20  C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Respiration
•
Respiration involves 3 steps
•
Glycolosis
•
Kreb’s Cycle
•
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolosis
•
Occurs in the Cytoplasm
•
1st step in Respiration
•
“sugar killing” Glycolosis is the process of splitting a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
molecules
•
The NET Products are 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH and 2 ATP.
Aerobic Respiration – occurs in the presence of OXYGEN
Anaerobic Respiration – occurs in the presence of NO OXYGEN
If oxygen is available after Glycolosis
•
The pyruvate will move into the mitochondria and aerobic respiration will begin.
Aerobic Respiration
•
Includes two parts
–
Kreb’s Cycle – breaks down glucose into CO2 and produces NADH, FADH2 and ATP
–
The Electron Transport Chain – NADH and FADH2 produced during Kreb’s Cycle pass their
electrons down the chain to produce more ATP
–
•
Both take place in the Mitochondria
CO2 is released as a waste
If NO oxygen is available after Glycolosis
Anaerobic Respiration
•
If no oxygen is available Glycolosis is followed by Fermentation…
•
The pyruvate will be fermented to Alcohol + CO2 in yeast
•
or Lactic acid in muscles.