Developed in Consultation
with Florida Educators
Table of Contents
Florida State
Standards and
Benchmarks
Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Letter to the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
State Standards Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter I
Use the Reading Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Lesson 1
Root Words, Prefixes, and Suffixes . . . . . 12
LA.6.1.6.1, LA.6.1.6.4,
LA.6.1.6.5, LA.6.1.6.7
Lesson 2
Connotation and Denotation. . . . . . . . . . . 18
LA.6.1.6.1, LA.6.1.6.6
Lesson 3
Synonyms, Antonyms,
and Homophones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
LA.6.1.6.4, LA.6.1.6.5,
LA.6.1.6.8, LA.6.1.6.9
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Multiple-Meaning Words and
Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
LA.6.1.6.3, LA.6.1.6.8
Graphic Organizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
LA.6.1.7.1, LA.6.1.7.8,
LA.6.2.2.3, LA.6.3.1.3,
LA.6.6.1.1
Lesson 6
Summarizing and Paraphrasing . . . . . . . . 36
LA.6.1.7.3, LA.6.1.7.8,
LA.6.2.2.3
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Inference, Conclusion,
and Generalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
LA.6.1.7.3
Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
LA.6.1.7.1, LA.6.1.7.8
Chapter I Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chapter II
Construct Meaning from Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Lesson 9
Main Ideas and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
LA.6.1.7.3, LA.6.2.2.2,
LA.6.2.2.3, LA.6.3.1.2,
LA.6.3.1.3
Lesson 10
Text Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
LA.6.1.7.1, LA.6.1.7.4,
LA.6.1.7.5
Lesson 11
Author’s Purpose and Perspective . . . . . . 68
LA.6.1.7.2, LA.6.3.1.2
Lesson 12
Text Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
LA.6.1.7.5, LA.6.2.2.1,
LA.6.6.1.1
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Lesson 13
Reader’s Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
LA.6.1.7.8, LA.6.2.2.2,
LA.6.3.1.1, LA.6.3.1.2,
LA.6.3.1.3
Lesson 14
Reference Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
LA.6.1.6.10, LA.6.2.2.4,
LA.6.3.1.1, LA.6.6.2.1,
LA.6.6.2.2
Chapter II Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Chapter III
Read, Study, and Respond to Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Lesson 15
Literary Genres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
LA.6.1.7.7, LA.6.2.1.1,
LA.6.2.1.2, LA.6.2.1.5,
LA.6.2.1.8, LA.6.2.1.9,
LA.6.2.2.4
Lesson 16
Poetry and Drama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
LA.6.2.1.1, LA.6.2.1.2,
LA.6.2.1.3
Lesson 17
Language Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
LA.6.1.6.11, LA.6.2.1.3,
LA.6.2.1.7, LA.6.2.1.8
Lesson 18
Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
LA.6.1.7.6, LA.6.2.1.2,
LA.6.2.1.4, LA.6.2.1.7
Chapter III Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
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Root Words, Prefixes,
and Suffixes
BENCHMARKS: LA.6.1.6.1, LA.6.1.6.4, LA.6.1.6.5, LA.6.1.6.7
Getting the Idea
When you see an unfamiliar word, you can often figure out its meaning by breaking
it into smaller parts. A root is the base of a word. It is the part that gives the word its
meaning. When a prefix or suffix is added, the meaning of the word changes.
Look at this example to see how you can break down a word into three parts.
Shaniqua spoke so quietly that her words were inaudible.
Word: inaudible
Prefix: in- (not)
Root: aud (hear)
Suffix: -ible (able to be)
in + aud + ible = not able to be heard
Here are some common root words. Learning their meanings can help you figure out
many new words.
Common Root Words
12
Root
Root Meaning
Word
Word Meaning
aqua
water
aquarium
tank filled with water
bio
life
biography
story of a person’s life
cogn
know
recognize
know again
dent
teeth
dentist
person who treats teeth
fac
make, do
factory
a place where things are made
geo
earth
geography
study of the earth
ject
throw
reject
throw back
lum
light
luminous
full of light
man
hand
manual
operated by hand
nov
new
novice
person who is new to something
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Lesson 1: Root Words, Prefixes, and Suffixes
Prefixes
A prefix is a word part added to the front of a base word. It changes the word’s meaning.
Look at these examples.
Example 1: Andres made an extraordinary shot to win the basketball game.
Word: extraordinary
Prefix: extra- (outside, beyond)
Base Word: ordinary (normal, common)
extra + ordinary = outside what is normal or common
Example 2: Karla was feeling antisocial, so she did not talk to anyone at the party.
Word: antisocial
Prefix: anti- (opposite, against)
Base Word: social (friendly)
anti + social = the opposite of friendly
Learn these common prefixes to build your vocabulary.
Common Prefixes
Prefix
Meaning
Word
Word Meaning
ab-
away from
abduct
take away by force
bene-
good
benefit
something good
com-
together
community
people living together
de-
down
descend
go down
ex-
out of
exhale
breathe out
il-
not
illegal
not legal
mono-
one
monochrome
having one color
poly-
many
polygon
shape with many sides
re-
again
reprint
print again
sub-
under
submarine
boat that travels under water
uni-
one
unicycle
cycle with one wheel
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Suffixes
A suffix is a word part added to the end of a base word. It can change the word’s meaning
or part of speech. Look at these examples.
Example 1: Vida loves creative writing and wants to become a novelist.
Word: novelist
Base Word: novel (fictional book)
Suffix: -ist (a person who)
novel + -ist = a person who writes fictional books
Example 2: We were so tired that it was senseless to continue studying.
Word: senseless
Base Word: sense (reason, meaning)
Suffix: -less (without)
sense + -less = without reason or meaning
Learn these common suffixes to help you decode unfamiliar words.
Common Suffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Word
Word Meaning
-able, -ible
able to be
edible
able to be eaten
-ance, -ence state of being
independence
state of being free
-er
more
messier
more messy
-est
most
smartest
most smart
-ful
full of
hopeful
full of hope
-ify
make or do
rectify
make right
-ion, -tion
act of, result of
exhaustion
result of making tired
-ish
like
childish
like a child
-ive, -ous
having the quality
joyous
having the quality of joy
-ly
in the manner
angrily
in an angry manner
-ness
quality of being
kindness
quality of being kind
-or
one who
actor
one who acts
Adding a suffix often changes a word’s part of speech. For example, adding -able (adore/
adorable), and -ful (beauty/beautiful) changes a word into an adjective. Adding -or (act/actor)
changes a word to a noun; and adding -ly to a word changes it to an adverb (quick/quickly).
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Coached Example
DIRECTIONS
Read the story. Then follow the “Think Steps” to answer the questions.
Hannah stood on the crowded boat deck, watching with amazement
as the Statue of Liberty came gloriously into view. It was an overwhelming
sight after such a difficult journey, and she hastily wiped her eyes to hide
the tears that were forming there. She felt both happy and unhappy at the
same time.
“Papa, what will America really be like?” she asked her father
uncertainly. Papa’s reassuring smile contradicted the sadness Hannah could
see in his expression.
“We will sometimes miss our homeland,” said Papa, “but America is a
marvelous place. My dearest child, the possibilities are limitless.”
Thinking It Through
1.
What is the meaning of contradicted?
STEP 1
Read the question. What does it ask? The
question asks me to figure out what
contradicted means.
STEP 2
Reread the sentence in which the word is
used. Think about word parts you know.
I see that Papa’s smile contradicted his
sadness. The prefix contra- means “against.”
STEP 3
Look at the answer choices. Which makes
most sense? The correct answer will include
the meaning of the prefix contra-.
STEP 1
Read the question. I need to use the meaning
of the suffix -less to determine what limitless
means.
STEP 2
Think about the word. I know that the
suffix-less means “without.” Limitless means
“without end.”
STEP 3
Look at the choices. Choose the correct
answer. Only one choice includes the meaning
of the word limitless.
A. agreed with
B. made happy
C. awakened
D. went against
2.
If limit means “end point or boundary,”
what does Papa mean by limitless
possibilities?
F. that America has many restrictions
to keep others out
G. that America’s boundaries are
strongly enforced
H. that there is no end to what they
can do in America
I.
that they will feel left out away
from their homeland
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Lesson Practice
Coached Reading
DIRECTIONS
Read the article below. While you are reading, look to the Reading Guide
for tips.
The Wonders of Undersea
Exploration
Two-thirds of Earth is covered by water, and there’s a
whole other world that exists beneath the water’s surface.
So how do scientists learn the secrets and mysteries of this
underwater universe? They use a submarine, a special boat
that can travel beneath the ocean.
As the submarine descends deep into the ocean, marine
biologists can look out its windows to observe the movements
of whales, dolphins, and many other aquatic animals.
Oceanographers also use submarines for their jobs. Since the
submarine can travel great distances below the surface, it helps
these specialists to explore and measure the ocean’s depths.
One of the most amazing underwater crafts is the
unmanned submarine. These small boats navigate the
undersea world all by themselves! Using cameras, robotic
devices, and other electronic instruments, the unmanned
submarine gathers information to bring back to scientists on
land. Submarines can even explore shipwrecks from long ago,
which were once thought to be lost forever under the sea.
With innovative submarine technology, our ability to discover
the ocean’s buried treasures is improving every day.
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Submarine is made up of
the prefix sub-, meaning
“under,” and the base
word marine, meaning
“sea.”
The word biologists has
two suffixes. The suffix
-ology means “study of.”
The suffix -ist means
“one who.”
Unmanned begins with the
prefix un-, meaning “not.”
Innovative contains the
root nov, which means
“new.”
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Lesson 1: Root Words, Prefixes, and Suffixes
Independent Practice
DIRECTIONS
Use the passage to answer each question.
1.
If the root bio means “life,” what does a
marine biologist do?
4.
What does the word robotic mean?
F. having to do with robots
A. teach swimming
G. having to do with water
B. study ocean life
H. having to do with animals
C. live on a submarine
I.
having to do with submarines
D. study the lives of sailors
5.
2.
Which word has the same root as
navigate?
A. very crowded
F. native
B. operated by humans
G. navy
C. out of working order
H. never
I.
D. not having a crew of people
irrigate
6.
3.
What is the most likely meaning
of unmanned?
If an animal is aquatic, in which places is
it likely to live?
If the root scend means “climb,” what
does the prefix de- in the word descend
most likely mean?
A. ponds, oceans, or rivers
F. not normal
B. mountains, forests, and prairies
G. the same as
C. deserts, swamps, and grasslands
H. through, across
D. rainforests, woodlands, and marshes
I.
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down, away from
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