History of USA
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HISTORY
Subject
:
History
(For under graduate student.)
Paper No.
:
Paper-VII
History of USA
Unit, Chapter & Title :
Unit- 2
Chapter- b
Economic change
Topic No. & Title
Part 2
Economic change: Labour
Movements & Unionisation
:
Glossary
Waltham system:
A well-controlled system of labour, which varied from the
harsh conditions, observed while in Lancashire. The mill
owners
recruited
young
Yankee
farm
girls
from
the
surrounding area to come and work the machines at
Waltham. They lived in boarding houses provided by the
company and were supervised by older women, and were
subjected to strict codes of conduct. This system became
known as the Waltham System.
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Cordwainer:
Somebody who makes shoes and other articles from fine soft
leather. The word is derived from "cordwain", or "cordovan",
the leather produced in Córdoba, Spain
Alexis de Tocqueville:
A French political thinker and historian best known for his
works ‘Democracy in America’ and ‘The Old Regime and the
Revolution’.
Knights of Labor:
One of the most important American labour organizations of
the 19th century. Founded by nine Philadelphia tailors in 1869
and led by Uriah Stephens, its ideology may be described as
producerist, demanding an end to child and convict labour,
equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the
cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and
factories.
Journeyman:
One who has fully served an apprenticeship in a trade or craft
and is a qualified worker in another's employ. He is an
experienced and competent but undistinguished worker.
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Terrence V. Powderly:
Most remembered for leading the Knights of Labor ("KoL"), a
labour union whose goal was to organize all workers, skilled
and unskilled, into one big union united for workers' rights
and economic and social reform.
Uriah Stephens:
An U.S. labour leader; he led nine Philadelphia garment
workers to found the Knights of Labour in 1869, a more
successful early national union.
Wobblies:
Another name for the International Workers of the World. The
IWW was founded in Chicago in June 1905 at a convention of
two hundred socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists
from
all
over
the
United
States
(mainly
the
Western
Federation of Miners) who were opposed to the policies of the
American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Eugene V. Debs:
An American union leader, one of the founding members of
the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of
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the World (IWW), as well as candidate for President of the
United States.
Samuel Gompers:
American labour union leader and a key figure in American
labour history; Gompers founded the American Federation of
Labor (AFL), and served as the AFL's president from 18861894 and from 1895 until his death in 1924. He promoted
harmony among the different craft unions that comprised the
AFL, trying to minimize jurisdictional battles.