Science 30 - Unit 2 Review
1.
Define the terms below. (you are responsible to know all of the terms)
photochemical smog
combustion
sour gas
hydronium
hydroxide
Arrhenius acid / base
Bronsted-Lowry acid/base
conjugate acid/base
SOx
NOx
catalytic converter
scrubber
sustainable development
liming
limestone (CaCO3)
leaching
buffer
buffering capacity
alkaline
jet stream
biomagnification
pH scale
titration
indicator
buret
pipet
pipet bulb
standard solution
buret clamp
Erlenmeyer flask
titrant
pH curve
buffering region
endpoint
equivalence point
neutralization
strong acid
weak acid
dissociation
2. List the properties of acids and bases.
3. What common acid is used in car batteries, vinegar and stomach acid?
4. Write the acid/base equation for the following. Identify the conjugate acidbase pairs. Label EACH entity as acid or base.
A. HNO3 (aq) is an acid formed by automobile engine combustion (NOx)
B. HCO3-(aq) in baking soda forms a basic solution.
C. H2SO4(aq) is an acid formed by SOx gases.
5. For each of the equations below identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. Label
EACH entity as acid or base.
A. H2CO3 (aq) + OH- (aq) -> HOH (l) + HCO3- (aq)
B. HPO42- (aq) + HSO4- (aq) ->H2PO4- (aq) + SO42- (aq)
6. Calculate the molar mass of H2C6H6O6 (aq) (ascorbic acid – vitamin C)
7. Find the number of moles for 16.4 g of CH3COOH (vinegar)
8. 2.00 g of drain cleaner (NaOH) dissolved in 250 mL of water what is the
concentration?
8.
2.00 g of drain cleaner (NaOH) dissolved in 250 mL of water what is the concentration?
9. Complete9.the table
below
Complete the table below
[H30+] mol/L
[H30+] scientific notation mol/L
pH
acid or base
1 x 10-3
0.000 010 0
2.5 x 10-11
3.82
0.000 000 000 250
3.88 x 10-5
13.2
0.52 g of HCl is dissolved in 50.0 L of water. What is the concentration and
10. 0.52 g of10.
HCl is
dissolved in 50.0 L of water. What is the concentration and
the pH of the hydrochloric acid solution?
the pH of the hydrochloric acid solution?
11. What volume is shown on the buret to the left? ________
11.
What volume is shown on the buret to the left? ________
12.
In a chemical
mL of hydrochloric
acid solution
was titrated
12. In a chemical
analysis,
10.0analysis,
mL of10.0
hydrochloric
acid solution
was titrated
with 0.458
mol/L
theaverage
titration,volume
an average
of 13.2
(aq). Inan
with 0.458 mol/L KOH
(aq). In
the KOH
titration,
of volume
13.2 mL
of mL of
KOH
.
was
required.
Calculate
the
molar
concentration
of
the
hydrochloric
(aq)
KOH(aq). was required. Calculate the molar concentration of the hydrochloric
acid. The reaction is
acid.
KOH(aq) + HCl (aq)
!
KCl(aq)
+
H2O (l)
The reaction is
KOH(aq) + HCl (aq) -> KCl(aq) + H2O (l)
13.13. Several
Several 10.0
were
titrated
withwith
a standardized
1.00 mol/L
solution of
10.0mL
mLvinegar
vinegarsamples
samples
were
titrated
a standardized
1.00 mol/L
sodium hydroxide. An average volume of 8.80 mL of sodium hydroxide was required to
solution
of
reach the phenolphthalein endpoint. What is the concentration of the vinegar solution?
sodium
hydroxide.
An average
volume
of 8.80
mL of sodium
hydroxide was required
to
CH3COOH(aq)
+
NaOH(aq)
!
NaCH3COO(aq) +
H2O(l).
reach the phenolphthalein endpoint. What is the concentration of the vinegar solution?
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O(l).
14.14. Calculate
Calculate the
of of
vinegar
theconcentration
concentration
vinegar
EVIDENCE
Titration of 10.0 mL CH3COOH (aq) with 0.879 mol/L NaOH (aq)
TRIAL
Final Buret (mL)
Initial Buret (mL)
Volume NaOH (aq) Used
Color at Endpoint
15.
1
12.8
0.0
2
25.0
12.8
3
37.3
25.0
4
49.4
37.3
purple
Light pink
Light pink
Light pink
Calculate the % ionization for the following. Write ionization equations for each of them
A.
0.100 mol/L
hydrochloric acid HCl (aq) pH = 1.0
15. Calculate the % ionization for the following. Write ionization equations for each of
them
A. 0.100 mol/L hydrochloric acid HCl (aq) pH = 1.0
B. 0.100 mol/L ascorbic acid HOOCCOOH(aq) pH = 2.6
C. 0.0200 mol/L vinegar CH3COOH (aq) pH = 5.2
16. Explain how a buffer works.
17. Blood contains H2CO3 (aq) and HCO3- (aq) write the Bronsted Lowry equation when
A. OH- (aq) is added (base is added)
B. H3O+(aq) is added (acid is added)
18. What parts of Canada have low buffering capacities and what parts of Canada have
high buffering capacities. What is CaCO3 (aq)? Why does southern Ontario have such a
problem with acid deposition?
19. What are the major sources of SOx (g), NOx (g) and CO2 (g) in the atmosphere?
GAS SOURCE(S)
SOx (g)
NOx (g)
CO2 (g)
20. If the pH of a solution is 6.8 what color will the indicators be
methyl red bromocresol green
methyl orange bromothymol blue
21. What is the pH range of the solution based on the analysis below.
Substance A B C
Analysis
methyl red = red
alizarin yellow = red
bromocresol green = blue
bromothymol blue = green
methyl violet = blue
methyl orange = yellow
methyl red = red
phenolphthalein = colorless
phenolphthalein = colorless
thymol blue = yellow
bromocresol green = yellow
methyl orange = orange
pH range