Review for Exam 2
All material from videos, assigned articles from American Perspectives, and information distributed in class (including
lecture notes) will be covered on test. Articles, handouts and lecture notes are not necessarily covered in this review,
but all will be on Exam Two.
Fascism - theoretically; Nazi Germany and Japan
Communism - theoretically and Russia (WWI to 1950s)
Laissez faire vs. Social welfare state, John Maynard Keynes
Hoover traditional laissez-faire vs. FDR’s New Deal vs. Huey Long’s Share the Wealth vs. Father Coughlin
FDR’s New Deal
John Maynard Keynes’ economic model, referred to as the, “social welfare state”
Social welfare stated first based on state assistance to two populations:
1. women with young children, and
2. Men of military age, 18 to 35ish
- deliberate, significant government deficit spending to huge pool of temporary, govt employees who are
expected to spend govt wages in private businesses which will cause private businesses to sell and hire
govt money usually spent developing public works projects (roads, bridges, public works )
TODAY: FDR’s New Deal sets pattern for modern government; is the equivalent to Pres Obama’s two stimulus
packages which promised to finance public works projects, “shovel ready” jobs
FDR called this, “the New Deal”; REVIEW PAGE OF LECT NOTES ON THE, “NEW DEAL”
FDR as compromise between political extremism on left and right
FDR’s Three R’s, “Relief, Recovery, Reform”
American politicians oppose anything, but laissez faire until 1933
American empire-building -Spanish-American War; Theodore Roosevelt; Platt and Teller Amendments; yellow and/or
penny press; U.S.S. Maine; Rough Riders; San Juan Hill; Guantanamo Naval Base
Panama Canal; Roosevelt Corollary – what did and did not do
Urbanization – expansion of population, political attention to urban centers
unorganized industrial workers as early warning for Depression
Rural America - reaction against urbanization (KKK); rural to urban migration
industrial and urban treatment and legislation for rural America; Second KKK
WWI economic effects on rural farmers; rural/farming depression in 1920s
WWI: Czar Nicholas; Russian Revolution and Bolsheviks;
arms race; industrialized war; traditional European military alliances
economic effects of WWI in Europe on American industrialization and farmers
new weapons (U-Boats, poison gas; air war; tanks; bombs, etc); trench warfare; Maginot Line; no man’s land;
Archduke Franz Ferdinand – assassination and actual causes of WWI; Treaty of Versailles
Post-World War I - Modernism
Cultural changes after WWI; Hollywood; Fatty Arbuckle; Progressives and Prohibition; jazz and Harlem
“new woman” - Suffragettes; opposition by rural Americans; movies and news reels
1920s
shell shock; U.S. culture and government treatment of veterans from WWI
Consumerism; and, mass culture; assembly line
consumer credit in 1920s; sales of consumer goods; sales of cars; department stores
“buy now, pay later,” banks and credit; laws regarding non-payment of debt
Permanent effects of consumerism on international perceptions of Americans
WWI reparations; French and British reactions
Effect on global economy of war reparation repayments and high protective tariffs
Hawley-Smoot Act; protective tariffs; effect on global economy; Kellogg-Briand Act; Pact of Paris
WWI - Zimmerman Telegram; Lusitania; American in WWI; international loans; creditor nation
Influence of progressivism on American preparation and actual war effort, tremendous changes
in role of government in everyday life (statistics, etc)
U.S. preparedness for WWI; income tax established; draft, aka Selective Service Act;
Mass industrial production and sales of weapons
Woodrow Wilson; 14 Points; League of Nations
Early welfare state based on women with young children and men, 18 to 25ish
reasons for failure of Versailles Treaty to pass the U.S. Senate (includes, American sovereignty
in foreign affairs
provisions of the 14 Points and League of Nations vs. Versailles Treaty and war reparations
effects of trench warfare & new weapons creating a militarized
stalemate in Europe in WWI
reasons for the failure of Wilson’s dream of world peace
“dark side” of progress with WWI
WWI to WWI International Affairs
1. European appeasement (Neville Chamberlain; League; Hitler)
2. American isolationism and idealism
3. Fascism - disregard for Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations
4. Communist (Russia, then eastern Poland in WWII, eventually eastern Europe
Russia - Communism – practice, definition and features; V.I. Lenin; Czar Nicolas and Romanov Dynasty;
Stalin in Russia; Stalin and the American Communist Party; kulaks and pogroms
Fascism: Nazis and Hitler; war reparations; Treaty of Versailles
Keynesian economic program, inc famous autobahn which was model for Eisenhower’s
creation of the American Highway System;
extreme right-wing political program (no civil rights, etc; Mussolini)
Mussolini in Italy
Nazi Germany and Non-Aggression Pact with Russia, 1939
SEE LECTURE NOTES ON FASCISM, APPEASEMENT, ETC.
Stock market; speculation and fraud; buying on margin; Black Tuesday; Dow Jones Industrial Average
Great Depression; Dust Bowl and CCC video; Shantytowns; Hoovervilles; direct relief vs. work relief; deficit spending,
then and now; Depression as a banking crisis
FDR’s early political career; polio and handicap;
FDR’s personalism and support of the American people trumped traditional Democratic Party’s opposition to his
candidacy
FDR’s personalism depended on creation of first instant, mass communication radio; political use of radio vs.
traditional commercial; “fireside chats”; “whistle stops”; Eleanor Roosevelt
New Deal programs: Bank Holiday; Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC); Wagner Act; Social Security Act; Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); CCC; FDR’s preference for direct relief vs.
work relief