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Explain historical context and significance of land concentration in l i hi
i l
d i ifi
fl d
i i
agrarian structures
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Classify and discuss the basic types of land reform
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Contrast contemporary land reform programmes associated with neo‐
liberalism with radical land reform programmes in 1960s/1970s `
The structural factors that influence agricultural production, livelihoods and social situations of the rural population
p p
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the structure of land ownership patterns in a rural society
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the conditions of land tenure
◦ problems of ownership, tenancy, land inheritance, labour relations
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the conditions of land operation
◦ pattern of cultivation, size of holdings and institutional framework of i lt
( dit
k t
ti
t i
i )
agriculture (credit, markets, co‐operatives, extension service)
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often a source of inequality and injustice
1. Caribbean plantation economies
◦ Plantations and estates/small farmers
/
f
2. Latin America – latifundia/minifundia
◦ Plantations, estates and haciendas –small holder farmers
3 Africa – land alienation 3. Africa land alienation
◦ European settler farmers and indigenous Africa farmers
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Land tenure reform needs to be based on clearly defined and ambiguous property rights
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i e no arguments or disputes about who owns a piece of land
i.e. no arguments or disputes about who owns a piece of land
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But difficult in countries where customary land tenure systems exist because of traditional inheritance systems often do not involve the sale of land `
Customary tenure
◦ origins
origins in in “communal
communal tenure
tenure” and and “communal
communal ownership
ownership” in shifitng
in shifitng
cultivation farming
◦ in developing countries many farmers have no legal title to land
in developing countries many farmers have no legal title to land
◦ often no agreed boundaries between landholdings
◦ land not properly valued
◦ therefore difficult to buy and sell land
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il l d i
f
l d
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Family land is a type of customary land tenure common in Caribbean
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Land titling projects
◦ Encouraging people to obtain land titles through registration
◦ Requiring the proper surveying property boundaries
◦ Valuing land
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Capacity building ‐ institutional support ◦ e.g. National Land Agency www.nla.gov.ja
e g National Land Agency www nla gov ja
◦ Part of Public Sector Modernization programme
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TTechnical support
h i l
t
◦ Introduction of computer technologies that improve methods of data capture and recording
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Economic efficiency, social justice and political dimension
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1960s/1970s – social justice ◦ Decolonization and independence
◦ Redistribution of land to indigenous/poor people
Redistribution of land to indigenous/poor people
◦ Collective ownership of land
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1980 t
1980s to present –
t economic efficiency and human rights
i ffi i
dh
i ht
◦
◦
◦
◦
Right of access to land
Right of security of land tenure
P
i
hi
ll i
hi
Private ownership not collective ownership
Creation of land markets: buying and selling land through market transactions