The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T57413A84163537
Boophis mandraka, Mandraka Bright-eyed Frog
Assessment by: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2016. Boophis mandraka. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2016: e.T57413A84163537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20161.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Mantellidae
Taxon Name: Boophis mandraka Blommers-Schlösser, 1979
Common Name(s):
• English:
Mandraka Bright-eyed Frog
Taxonomic Source(s):
Frost, D.R. 2015. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. New York, USA.
Available at: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.
Taxonomic Notes:
This is a complex of at least three species (Vallan et al. in press). This account covers only the animals
confirmed to be true Boophis mandraka.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Data Deficient ver 3.1
Year Published:
2016
Date Assessed:
November 24, 2015
Justification:
Listed as Data Deficient because suitable habitat is available both to the north and south of the single
confirmed site, thereby creating too much uncertaintly around the limits of its range. In addition, there
are continuing doubts as to its taxonomic status.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2008 – Data Deficient (DD) – http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T57413A11633093.en
2004 – Data Deficient (DD)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
This species is known with certainty only from Mandraka in central eastern Madagascar at 1,200 m asl. A
possible record from Mantadia requires further investigation. Records from Andohahela, Ranomafana,
Anjanharibe-Sud, Tsaratanana, and Sorata most likely belong to different undescribed species and are
not included in this assessment (F. Glaw pers. comm. November 2015).
Country Occurrence:
Native: Madagascar
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Boophis mandraka – published in 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
1
Distribution Map
Boophis mandraka
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Boophis mandraka – published in 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
2
Population
This species is rare in its only proven locality. Due to ongoing declines in the extent and quality of
habitat, the population is suspected to be decreasing.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
It lives in secondary vegetation at the edge of streams in which it breeds, near degraded rainforest. It is
likely to be a forest species persisting in secondary habitat and it is not found in areas without trees.
Systems: Terrestrial, Freshwater
Use and Trade
There are no records of this species being utilized.
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
Its forest habitat is receding due to subsistence agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal manufacture,
invasive spread of eucalyptus, livestock grazing and expanding human settlements.
Species in this genus have tested positive for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), however currently
there have been no negative effects observed within amphibian populations in Madagascar suggesting
the Bd strain has a low virulence level (Bletz et al. 2015).
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
Conservation Actions
It is not known from any protected areas.
Conservation Needed
Improved protection of forest habitats in eastern Madagascar is required.
Research Needed
Further research is essential on the species' taxonomy and to fully understand the distribution, origin,
type and virulence of Bd lineages found in Madagascar (Bletz et al. 2015).
Credits
Assessor(s):
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group
Reviewer(s):
Stuart, S.N.
Contributor(s):
Vallan, D., Glaw, F., Scherz, D. & Vences, M.
Facilitators(s) and
Compiler(s):
Luedtke, J. & Hobin, L.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Boophis mandraka – published in 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
3
Bibliography
Andreone, F. 1993. Two new frogs of the genus Boophis (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from central-eastern
Madagascar. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 11: 289-313.
Blommers-Schlösser, R.M.A. 1979. Biosystematics of the Malagasy frogs. II. The genus Boophis
(Rhacophoridae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 49: 261-312.
Blommers-Schlösser, R.M.A. and Blanc, C.P. 1991. Amphibiens (première partie). Fauna de Madagascar
75: 1-379.
Glaw, F. and Vences, M. 1994. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Second
Edition. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn.
Glaw, F. and Vences, M. 2007. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Third Edition.
Vences & Glaw Verlag, Cologne.
IUCN. 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 30 June 2016).
Raxworthy, C.J. and Nussbaum, R.A. 1996. Montane amphibian and reptile communities in Madagascar.
Conservation Biology 10: 750-756.
Vallan, D., Vences, M. and Glaw, F. 2003. Two new species of the Boophis mandraka complex (Anura,
Mantellidae) from the Andasibe region in eastern Madagascar. Amphibia-Reptilia 24: 305-319.
Citation
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2016. Boophis mandraka. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2016: e.T57413A84163537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20161.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Boophis mandraka – published in 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
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Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
Resident
Suitable
Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent
Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)
Resident
Suitable
Yes
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.6. Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical
Heavily Degraded Former Forest
Resident
Marginal
-
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1.
Housing & urban areas
Ongoing
-
-
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.1. Shifting
agriculture
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder
farming
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming
& ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching or
farming
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood
harvesting -> 5.3.5. Motivation
Unknown/Unrecorded
8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &
diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alien
species/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Boophis mandraka – published in 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &
diseases -> 8.4. Problematic species/disease of
unknown origin -> 8.4.2. Named species
(Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Stresses:
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Occur in at least one PA: No
Conservation Actions Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions Needed
1. Land/water protection -> 1.1. Site/area protection
1. Land/water protection -> 1.2. Resource & habitat protection
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy
1. Research -> 1.5. Threats
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Number of Locations: 1
Lower elevation limit (m): 1200
Population
Population severely fragmented: No
Habitats and Ecology
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Movement patterns: Not a Migrant
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Boophis mandraka – published in 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57413A84163537.en
6
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.
The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International;
Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of
Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™