International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 2016, 6(3): 167-170
DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpbs.20160603.11
Nerve Cells and Electrical Excitations in Treatment
of Eye Nerves
Fathollah Moztarzadeh*, Mohammad Rabiee, Asgar Mohammadiasl
Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterial, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
Abstract Curing many of diseases is made by some special treatment which has roots in ancient medicine. These
treatment patterns are replacement for the new medicine when it fails to act (alternative medicine). The curing effects caused
by physical medicine with standards of thermal treatment effects, sound, electrical excitations of nerves and muscles
variations of musups, reflectopathy, acupuncture, and other similar methods that has effects on none durable disease like
persistent pains (headaches, backaches, muscle pains, and….) myofacial pains, persistent tiredness, and patterns of pains that
may not match with anatomy of the nerve system. In this study, we crosscheck the nerve system of human body and electrical
excitation of nerves, muscles and different organs, electrical and electromagnetic fields on nerve tissues, and the role of
medical engineering (specially bioelectric).
Keywords Electrical excitations of nerves, Effect of electrical and electro-magnetic fields, Cells of nerve web
1. Introduction
Curing with electricity goes back to ancient Greek era
that they used electric eels to cure difficult diseases. With
making the first modern electro therapy equipment by
Galovany this age was started and they could cure most of
neurotic and muscle disease like swell pains, reduction of
inflammations, transporting medicine into the body,
reinforcement of muscles, removal of disability due to
paralysis of muscles, growing nerves, control of urine,
sexual disability, effects of surgery, squliose, weakness of
aspiration due to weakness of muscles, artificial electric
body parts, and other similar cases by excitation of nerve
and muscles. It was interesting that there was no scientific
reasons for how they can be effective. The exact
measurement of characteristics of cells was the beginning
point of a newborn science called electromagnetic medicine
and this is an important part of modern medical science
called physics medicine. In physics medicine moreover to
normal treatments of this science, different kinds of energy
like light, sound, heat, magnetic energy and electricity with
known standards is being used.
Nerve system cells and electrical excitation
Another method of cell treatment in alzheimers disease,
defects in spinal cord, and other incurable organs is to
employ nerve stem cells (NPCs). For the capacity of
treatment (NPCs), scientists first have to have proper
* Corresponding author:
moztarzadeh @aut.ac.ir (Fathollah Moztarzadeh)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijpbs
Copyright © 2016 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
studies in separation and multiplication of (NPCs).
Description about the exclusivity of NPC in body natural
environment (invivo) and finding a cavity in thousands of
nerve nets is a difficulty.
In this way declaring the identity of exciters under the
influence of differences and multiplications of NPC in
laboratory environment (invitro) can be done in the best
way. Other examples are, the solvable and unsolvable
proteins leaked from other cells, border between membrane
of protein cells and topography. Another attention is to the
electrical gradient in the complete and expanded nerve
system.
From head to tail of our nerve system it is guided to
mature by electrical field. Usually in this process stem cells
are present. Scientists are still studying the effect of
electrical excitation in stem cells. So this article is based on
the latest studies on stem cells that gives us a brief
knowledge of relations between electrical excitement and
multiplications, growth, and the differences. In brief, the
main subject of this article is, effect of electrical currents on
nerve cells, using the electrical excitations in curing spinal
cord defects and in whole, study in excitation of cells in
laboratory environments (invitro).
Cells in nerve system
Central nerve system is inclusive of two types of cells,
norons and gilials (backup structure of nerve tissue). Gilial
cells are ten to fifty times more than norons in chine
animals. The basic gilial cells are the base of (CNS),
separating aksons and mielines, hosting the wound, guiding
the migration of norons and the direction of aksons in
multiplication, final adjustment of synapses in joint of
muscle nerves, and etcetera... It is not to forget that norons
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Fathollah Moztarzadeh et al.: Nerve Cells and Electrical Excitations in Treatment of Eye Nerves
have classifications, gilial cells in nerve system have
another classification inside micro goli and macro goli.
Macro golis have another classification in (CNS) and
environmental cell system (PNS) are respectively in
aligondrocit, astrocit, and showan cells. First imagin micro
golies. Like its name it is very smaller than other cells that
is found in (CNS) and it is the smallest type of gilial cells.
Micro goli is producing fagocit out of nerve system and has
no physiological relations with other (CNS) cells.
Micro golis when active are not fagocity to wounds,
illness, infections of nerve system. Owing of brain goes
back to immunological answer of microgolis for microgoli
transfers the apoptic cells which are active during woonds.
Second, aligodandrocit in (CNS) and showan cells are very
effective in neural answers. They do this by axons that
covered by a layer of lipidic substance that is called myelin.
This layer is formed several times by eligodandricit of
showan cells with dense membrane in a process. One
simple eligodandrocit can in average cover 15 internal knots
of axsons by myelin. In comparison showan cells can do
this only with one internal knot axons. Myelin that is
produced by shwan cells is not chemical like eligodandrocit
but they are alike.
Electrical excitation:
Electrical excitation as a tool for treatment was not
seriously used 100 years ago. Electro therapy was a kind of
fraud if it had no curing effects figure 1. An equipment was
designed to cover one person with an electric field (EF) or a
breeze of electrons for a vast range of pains, surface or
positional and none widespread, a receiver or metal sensor
was above patients head and another one under the seat that
works like cathode and anode. Metal sheet was connected to
a static electric generator [inside a wooden box] 1.
century. Luckily there was many advantages in science of
human electro physiology. Anyway, with deletion of
fictitious treatments injuries resulting death with electro
treatment did not happened and this science progressed.
And this was the beginning of the way and showing the role
of electrical fields (EFs). But results are still under the
primary studies. But know electro therapy with advanced
knowledge is worthy.
Electrical excitation of nerve system
Electrical excitation that is used for treatment, makes
neural cells better in PNS, the variety of EFs that is used
can be (DC) or (AC) or electromagnetic waves. Sciatica
nerve of rat is a common model to study recovery and
revival of (PNS). Two kind of discontinuous damage,
diminishes and transversal cutting was studied with
damaged animal and using the electrical excitement was
confirmed and results were studied.
2. DC Electrical Field in Natural System
of Body
Using of (EFs) currents in treatment of nervous system for
reconstruction of aksons across the cathode was not within
the reach. In another word it did not worth trying any more.
(Pemranz and associates 1984). When electrical field (EF) is
transmitted in the air, electrons are traveling from anode to
cathode. Anyway when an (EF) is used across a tissue or
tillage of a layer of muscle in partition of vessel, the same
current from anode to cathode is attained. Movement of ions
from anode to cathode is due to electrical current (EFs) and
generally it is effective when cathode is behind the injured
area and across the growing place. If the cathode stands
before, vector of (EF) current is opposite to the growing area.
It seems that this part is growing in opposite direction (Vinter
and associates 1981).
(DCEFs) current
Figure 1. Nineteenth century “Electric Air Treatment” (Borgens 1989;
McCaig et al. 2005). Used with permission from The American
Physiological Society
A patient sometimes received a shock caused by defects
or wrong connection of wires, but there was no useful
results (Brogens 1989) this method was abandoned in next
Shows a variety of rebuilding and revival treatments of
nerves. For example scientists put electrodes in sciatica
nerves of rats and added a weak (DCEF) current. After this,
rebuilding length or axons in the nerve showed 69% taller
than the untreated rats. (Sikin 1992). However age of rats is
effective in speed of treatment due to the behavior of (DCEF)
current.
DCRF behavior
In rats with the age of 10 months the speed of
improvement showed 21% increase in comparison (with
behavior comparison) (Promras & Campble 1993).
However younger rats with the age of 10 months had no
meaningful treatment advance. The measure of retrieval
speed showed that younger mice have faster ability to cure
than old ones, rat with the age of 3 months are cured 24%
faster than the ages of 9 to 10.
Electromagnetic excitation in normal body (PEMF):
A group of scientists used signals in frequency range of (5)
International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 2016, 6(3): 167-170
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
120
for a period of 60 days and each day 15 minutes for
𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚 2
human sample and saw the improvement of neural cells.
3. Materials of Electrodes
When we decide to use a material in making the electrodes,
we should have in mind the price, re utilization, and
possibility of effect on human cells. Some common materials
which is used in electro physiological electrodes are,
Ag/AgC1, Pt, graphite and gold.
These electrodes allow the transfer of ions and electrons in
intermediate liquid (electrolyte) in a suitable way. Ag/Agcl
electrodes are more advantageous and returnable for re use.
They are also none balanced (when we use two half cells to
produce an electrical current (EF). In another word,
difference could be made in concentration of (AgcL)
electrodes. This reduction or addition of current happens at
the start (Which depends on direction of current) that travels
from one electrode to another. For balancing, electrodes can
be connected together and put in salt solution (usually used
for experiments).
To increase the life time of electrodes, when we use them
in direct current (DC) they must be changed alternatively as
cathode and anode. So (AgcL) must change from anode to
cathode to rebuild itself. In another word amount and time of
current must be the same when electrode is used as cathode
and then anode, their fatigue should be the same and
electrodes can be kept balance.
Graphite electrodes although can be damaged easily but
they cannot collect ions.
Graphite if a good agent for electrodes and with high
electrical conductance, resistance against corrosion in
acceptable grade, high purity, neutral against ionization, and
low cost is easily used in complex structures. But graphite is
fragile and easily collapses when halter.
Platinum is not fragile and causes no ionization but its
price is high. (Pt) does not produce secondary products
although oxygen and hydrogen is generated by electrolysis
of water. To prevent this it is better to keep the current as low
as 1 mA (Katsburg 1974). If the electrolysis takes place then
the PH of electrolytic solution will change and may cause
damage to the resident cells in the solution.
Electrical shock
If we connect an electrode to each hand and add a 60Hz
with different levels to the body, we can see different
reactions. With increasing from zero, that we only cense the
current. This amount is called sensing current or the level of
receiving the sense.
About 50% of matured men sense a 60 Hz 1 mA current.
Women need less current to sense the current (about 1/3 of
the same current) level of sensing depends on the frequency
with reaching to above 100HZ this level will be increased.
When a current more than the level of sense is added, body
may feel irritation or itching. In 10 to 20 ma currents muscles
may cringe continuously. And most of people are not able to
169
leave the electrodes. 50% of matured men will lose their
ability of controlling their muscles with higher currents. It is
noticeable that this circumstances is increasing with both
high and low frequencies. With farther increase in the current
the person fills pain and in some cases collapses. Nearly in
the level of 100 MA, a part of current flows through heart
which is enough to cause fiberilatin. calculating the
maximum current with the frequency of 60 HZ that will not
cause the fiberilation can be obtained from (116/t1/2) that t is
time (in seconds) that shock continues. For example if t=1sec
and allowed current is 116MA and if t=4sec, allowable
current will be 58MA. Higher than 6 A currents may cause
temporary paralysis of breathing and intense burns. Intensity
of injury depends of the person, measure of skin wetness, and
contact with the conductor. About the macro shock, which is
caused by contacting an electrical live conductor, when a
current is connected to the body, macro shock happens. In
this case current will not go throw the skin but fallows the
vessels and passes through heart. Surely induction of ventral
fiberilation in heart with micro shock needs much lesser
current than macro shock. Experiments on dogs showed that
entering a 17 µA in heart causes ventral fiberilation. Result
is passing a 30 µA current through human heart causes
ventral fiberilation. Probably shock during medical acts is
possible. In past 15 years in monitoring of bedridden patients
in ICU it was widely increased. Most of these patients need
pulse makers for ECG registration, injection of covering
solution for radiography or measuring internal pressure. A
patient in ICU may have a pulse maker which is passing
through one main vessel and contact with heart muscle to
excite it during inadequacy in coordinating mechanical
system. Some pulse makers are consisting of wires or
conductive solutions and can open a low resistance path
through the heart, these electrical paths may probably cause
high level of micro shock. It is said that indication of shock
by electrodes may be one of main reasons for death in ICUs
or during surgeries. The current of these micro connectors
are so low that the staff cannot feel it. Known electrical
hazards may be due to a faulty lamp holder, Old wirings, or
broken plugs. Recognition of these problems is usually
simple. Sometimes there may be a minor problem in an
equipments wire. Taking care of wires are usually forgotten.
Cables may be under tension or the wheels of a device or bed
runs over it and at last maybe some wires break inside the
cover. Recent cables have three wires inside, two wires are
producing Ac power and the other acts as ground connection.
If either of wires is broken device cannot work and if they
cause a short circuit, the fuse blows and indicates where the
problem is. Nonetheless disconnection of ground wire may
not be recognized. In this case patients wearing electrodes
may be in serious danger. One of avoiding ways from danger,
is using equipments that use battery power and have the
ability to recharge. These equipments can be used to
diagnostic, curing and monitoring. The output is connected
to the monitor by an optical cable, so that there is no direct
connection between patient and monitoring unit, in this case,
unsuitable connection of ground wire is not present. Using of
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Fathollah Moztarzadeh et al.: Nerve Cells and Electrical Excitations in Treatment of Eye Nerves
this method is expensive but it will reduce the possibility of
danger.
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4. Conclusions
In some places in future physiotherapy may be the first
stop for many of conditions. It can be used for many
wide-spread medical conditions (particularly those which are
caused by disbalance or damage to biochemical/electrical)
systems without dangerous side effects due to usage of
medicine. Comparing to medicine research, there is still a
few researches in biochemical effects, physiological and
psychology on human body. There are many cases that study
in pathology shows difficulties in bio chemical method. One
sample is alzhimers that pathological studies showed the
additional amiloid protein in the brain. Our ability to use
electro medical equipment is improving slowly. We need
more encouragement to overcome this problem and to know
how the body can be under effect of molecular levels by
electrical currents. We hope to increase our skills in handling
electrical physiology of our body with new methods to break
the monopoly of medicines. Electro therapy is still band by
some physicians who have no knowledge about it. We hope
these articles reach them and make them change their minds.
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