!#"$
%&')(*+
,
-/.02143457698;:14<=1+>5.'?+@BAC5D698E02345F.?4.>!.
GIHKJLNMPO2QRJTSVUWXVHZY\[^]
_&`^a2HZYbWced`b[V`fWfSgY#hMPO9[VXVHKXVi9XV`j]
kEJmlonmJ_&`^a2HZYbWcpWOqasr+`bO*XtWcpuvO9HKwo`
SV[VHKXPn
xi9[Vh*HyUWzgL7{^LN|o{9]}GIi*O9l2noJq]okEJmlonjJzmz
~jp
'#
fT
^/
o/gbV®jK¥P^PDbbg)g°jPg¦42K#V \\'¢¥P¤T¡¥PVPg¦¯£T±¤T¥P©Pgª¬¦¨«§Rg©^jª¬¥«TK¥P¯P¥®2bb¥P²g
¦4¸VÁ³TÂùtKRÄNK+¥PgbEobs²´¦¥P¤Tg¦¦®j®jbDyb¥\jµ*g¥\±¥PgÅE
°j²eP^P³jg·f¶E°j^KR³jKj·¥KP¦³my³mg ¥4b§DK¸P^¹Djºf¥g»\µ¬¼¾½K¶E¿fÀ
}gVjvK¥=Ng°}^bb=K^t°ogP¦+ÇK#¥7\PTPg³jfgbPy³j³jPK^g^jÃK¥ÆTK´¥P®}Kjg·°2b
f²}y¥P^gTgg¦D\gjPg·^Vg¥´ÈZbyjÆT
¦¤go¦4+®jbD²!bPj#gb¥gg±qK&^eKP³mfygg¥4¥P§¾y·Pgb¶EPyP°jKj·¢g^PP³TPyVgZ¥VbVµ}K^g)°2bbD¦bg^Pjg·ÇK¥PP°jy
}bgf²jbsy³jP¦°jK^g¢¦4gb®o°2jDbbDjb^g®jPgbD\oKy/¥Po¥´yPgI°j¥4¯2bb²gDb
¦y¦³jggPKg¦^´s®jPDÇ
b²ÇooggV¥PgVKÊ9¥gKµ'g®2gbPj¥Pɰj^IPt°jfKgN ¥È
PPV4ZbP°jK^*¥7¤±p¥7ËjP³jt¦¯PP°jµ}gbPj¦^¶'P^µfb¶EP´PgK¦jPjPE^jP³o)gbjÇTK·f¤gjyEgPy¢E¦ÌÇggjP°jgjK
ÍpP^·^Db¦¦4Kj·j±
Îo?Ï9698E@41+ÐÏ}5D8E?
ÑU`
UÒ9SgWO9`HK[)WO/HKUÓqJmSVXgWO9X[tXVSViqY\XVi9SV`QÔJmS4cKHKwoHKO9Õ[tno[DL
XV`bU[^Ö´MPXa2HK[VXVHyO*Õmi9HK[Vh9`
[¯×D[V`bcQtØ)QÔSVJmUHKXV[Ç`bO*woHKSVJmO9U`
OoXÇWOqa
h9HK`bSgWSgYDh9HZYbWc*[tXDSViY\XVi9SV`b[IHKO9[tH a}`4XVh9`[Vn2[VXV`bUÚÙcyHKlo`vY\`
cycK[^]oJmS7L
ÕoWO9[WOqaÉ[VJsJTOÛWSV`Y#JmUÓqJm[V`fa/Ò2n$U`bUÒ9SgWO9`
[^Ö¯_&`bUL
Ò9SgWO*`b[ÇY\hWfO*ÕT`XVh9`bHKSv[VXVSViqY\XVi9SV`¢a}noOWfUHZYbWcKcKnWOqaY#JTO*[VXVHL
XVi9XV`W$[Vno[tXD`
U&ÖÉÜ`WSV`HKO9XV`bSV`b[tXD`fa/HyOXVh9`bHKSa}noOWfUHZYbWc
[VXVSViqY#XDi*SV`vHKOXV`
SVU[JQIY#JTUÓ*i9XgWXDHKJmO´Ö
U`bUÒ9SgWO9`Hy[¯Y#JTUÓqJm[V`fa/JQ×tY\h9`
UH Y
WfcIY#JmUÓqJmi9Oa2[
ÙPa2`bO*JmXD`fasÒ9n$[tnoUÒ9JmcK[gÛ4Ø$Ýh9HZY\hÞWSV`¯Õm`
O9`bSgWXV`^a/XVh9SVJmi9Õmh
Y7h*`bUHZYbWcoSV`^WmY\XVHyJmO*[eHyO¯XVh9`Y\`bcKcNÖpMPO¯`^WmY\h)Y\`
cycoXVh9`bSV`HK[e[VJmU`
Y7h*`bUHZYbWcY\JmUÓqJmi*Oqa2[&WfOaßXVh9`b[t`/Y\h*`bUHZYbWc4Y\JmUÓJmi9Oqa}[
HKOmXV`bSgWmY\XeÝHKXDh¯`^WmYth¢JTXVh9`
SEWmYbY\JmSga}HyO*ÕvXVJXVh*`ISV`bÝSVHKXDHKO*ÕSVi9cK`
ÙgàDágâmãgäNåæçsà#è2éKágêDÛbÖ
GW[V`^a&JmO$XVh9`Ó9SVHKOqY\HKÓ9cK`b[JTi*XDcKHKO9`^a/WÒJmwm`j]qÝ`¢a2`bw2`bcKJTÓ
WO/×Vë)àtäPå ìã#åRâé=íá#éÔé9îï^êgäDá#ð4Ø}ÙPëí!î2ÛbÖmMPXY#JTO*[VHK[VXV[IJQWUi9cL
XVHy[t`bX=JQ¬[Vn2UÒ9JmcK[^]jW4[V`bXJQ¬SV`bÝSVHKXVHyO*ÕSVi9cK`b[Ù=SV`^WmY#XDHKJmOSti9cK`b[
ÛÇWOqasU`
UÒ9SgWO9`
[^Övëí!îY\JmO9[tHy[tXD[JfQWOñWÒ9[VXVSgWmY\XY\h*`bUL
HZø YbWcp[Vn2[VXV`bU&]×të¯ògêgäNàtâjãgäó4á#ô'à\å äNåZç}õ¯îïfêtäDá#ðöæfçñ÷$è}é äNå îpágäRê
ëó÷&îTù#ØXVhqWXHK[4WUi*cyXVHK[V`bXIXVSgWO9[7QRJTSVUÚ[Vn2[VXV`bU&]ÙPú2i9û
i9l2H
z
ümüTýmÛbÖpMPXÇHK[4Y\JmO9[tHy[tXD[vJQ'WUi9cKXVHy[t`bXÇJQ'[VnoUÒJmcy[vWOqasW)[V`bX
JQpSV`bÝSVHKXVHyO*ÕSVi*cy`b[fÖ
ú}HyOY\`ëó÷&îþHy[ÿO9JmX W [tXVSVHyO*ÕT[ÿSV`
ÝStHyXVHKO9Õ [Vn2[VXV`bU
Ò9i*XWßÙU¢i*cyXVHZÛLgê
ágä+SV`bÝSVHKXVHyO*Õ [tno[tXD`
U&]vHKXY
WOCa2`fWfcÝHKXDh
UWO*nÿa}`bÕmSV`b`b[ JQQRSV`b`^a2JmU [tiqYth W[ßW ã á\ð¯åRãbâéê^æéè
äNåæç WOqa XVh9` ã#æç¬ãgá#ç}äNàgâ
äPåRæç JQ ã á#ðåã#âéãbæfð*æè2ç^ê#Ö
Ü`¯Y#JTO qSVU`^aÉXVhqWXHKX)Y\Jmi9cZaÉ[VHKU¢i*c WXV`¢Ó*h9`bO*JTU`
OqWXVhqWX
Ý
` Oqa;HKO SV`fWfc&Ò*HyJLDYVh*`bUHZYbWcSV`fø WmY\XVHyJmO9[ [ViqY#h ø Wf[ XDh*`
× 4á#é æ
è ^æ âjò#æ^äPåZç}ê ïà#ágâjãtäNåæç Dà\ágâjãgäNåæfçù îè #è få
` 7à#ágâjãgäNåRæçHK[W¯[VÓJmO9XgWfO*`bJmi9[ÇY#h9`bUHZYbWcqJT[DL
ù#ØÙXVh9
Y#HycKcZWXDHKJmO´]pWOqa&Hy[Y\JmO9[VHZa2`
SV`^a$W[4XVh*`¢ÒqW[VHZYU`^Y#hqWO9HK[VUÚJQ
Ò*HyJL7Y#h9`bUHZYbWc¬[Vn2[VXV`bU[fÖ
!
Ü`4ÝHKcKcpHKO9XVSVJoa2iqY#`XVh*`Ui*cyXVHK[V`bXÇSV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9Õ[Vno[tXD`
U&]I×të¯ò
êgäNà#âjãgäó4á#ô'à\å äNåZç}õê#ïfêtäDá#ðþæçÉ÷Éè2é äNåKîpágäRêPØHKO$XVh9HK[[V`^Y\XVHKJmO´Ö
MPO*XDi*HyXVHKwm`bcKnm]*ëóv÷sîHK[vcyHKlo`WY#h9`bUHZYbWc¬[VJmcKi9XVHyJmOsHKOsÝh9HZY\h
ðæéKábã\è}éKágê "qJoWXDHKO*ÕñJTOHKXYbWOHyO*XD`
SgWTY#X)ÝHKXVh`^WmY#hÞJTXVh*`bS
WmYbY#JmSga2HKO9Õ XVJ SV`^WmY\XVHKJmO SVi9cK`b[fÖkE`fYVh*O9HZYbWcKcynm]W Y\h*`bUHL
Y
Wfc+[VJmcKi9XVHyJmOßHK[#W O9HKXV`sUi9cKXVHÃLP[V`bX¯JQ¢`
cy`
U`bO2XV[a}`bO9JmXV`^a
Ò*%n $'&)(+*-,/.10.3242523.567XVh*`b[V` `bcK`bU`
O9XV[$Y#JmSVSV`b[VÓJmOqa XVJ
ðæéKábã\è}éKágê#Ö d`^WmY#XDHKJmOSVi*cy`
[XDhWfXWmY\XJmOßXVh9`&UJmcy`fY\i9cK`b[
WSV`[VÓ`^Y\8H q`fa/HyOëó÷&î/Ò9n$SV`bÝSVHKXVHKO9Õ&SVi*cK`b[^Ö&4[XDJ$XVh9`
HKO9XVi*HyXVHKwm`¯U`fWO9HKO9Õ$JfQëó÷&î]pÝ`¢SV`#QÔ`bS¢XVJ$XDh*`[VXViqa2n/JQ
Y#h9`bUHZYbWc}WÒ9[VXVSgWmY\XUWmY\h*HyO*`b[IÙPG`bSVSVHKO$z
üT:ü 9mÛbÖpMPO¢QWmY\X^]mXDh*Hy[
[tno[tXD`
UÿYbWO)Ò`IXVh9Jmi9Õmh9XpJQ*Wf['WO)i9Oa2`bSVcKn2HyO*Õ×âé õmæà\å ä ðåã
ã á#ðå êgäNà\ï¢Ù ;JmOmXgWOqWz
ümüf|oÛbÖ Ø
<=`
=
X $ Ò`WO âé âjòbágäÙNW qO*HyXV`[t`bXJQ4WÒ9[VXVSgWmY\X¢[Vn2UL
ÒJmcK[gÛbÖkh*`[V`bX4JQWcKc![VXVSVHyO*Õm[4Jmwm`b>S $;HK[a2`bO*JmXD`fa$Ò2?n $'@7
XVh9`+`bUÓ9XVn[VXVSVHyO*ÕHK[Ça2`
O9JmXV`^a¢Ò9n AeÖ'Ùkh9i*[^-] $=@vHy['XVh9`QRSV`b`
UJmO*JTHZaÕm`bO9`
SgWXD`faßÒ2Bn $ i*Oqa2`
SXVh9`&JmÓ`bSgWXVHyJmOßJQ¢Y\JmO2L
Y
WfXV`
OqWXDHKJmO´]ÝHKXDhßHZa2`
O9XVHÃQRCn AeÖ Û kh9`cK`bO*ÕmXDhßJQ¢Wñ[tXVSVHyO*Õ
n H HÃÖ
DFE $G@Hy[4a}`bO9JmXV`^aÒ2I
àtá#ô'à\åKäNå¾ç}õñà\è}éKá¯Jmwf`
D JS $ HK[WñÓqWHKS¯JQ[VXVSVHKO9Õm[&Ù KL.1M2Ûb]
KL.NM E $G@jÖÜ `ÝStHyXV`[tiqYthÞWSVi*cy`HyO XDh*`QÔJmSVO
U KCPQM*Ö
vJmXV`ÉXVhqW?X KCWfO%a MßYbWO WfcK[VJÒ`É`
UÓ9XVnoÖ ¨à\á#ô'à\å äNå¾ç}õ
ê#ïfêtäDá#ðÑHK[W¯ÓqWHKS4RÙ $.NS4Ûb]}Ýh*`bSV'` $ÑHK[WO$WcyÓ*hqWÒ`bXWOq?a S
HK[4TW O9HKXD`[t`bXJQ!SV`bÝSVHKXDHKO9ÕSVi9cK`b[vJmwm`bUS $Ö
Ü HyXVhÞSV`b[tÓq`fY\X¢XDJñW$SV`bÝSVHKXVHyO*Õ&[tno[VXV`bW
U VX( YÙ $J.NSÛÝ`
a}5` qO*`Jmwm`bGS $G@WsSV`bcZWXVHyJmZO (\[W[QÔJmcKcKJTÝ-[ ]J^
(_[Q` bH a
^B(c^dNKe^/f¯WOqB
a `(g^hd5M^ef]=QÔJmS[VJmUi` ^Ldj.1^kf E $@WOqa
KlPOM E SÖekh*`4SV` "q5` m9Hywj`4WfOa¯XVSgWO9[VHKXVHyw2`4Y\cKJm[Vi9SV`vJQ´XDh*Hy[
SV`
c WXVHKJTOHy[va2`bO*JmXD`fa¯Ò2nn (\[o@jÖe [VXVSVHKO9Õ ^ E $'@vQÔJmSIÝh9HZY\h
XVh9`
SV`¢HK[O*J[VXVSVHyO*Õ ` E $T@)[ViY\hsXVhqW=X ^p(\[q`Hy[[gWHZasXVJ
Ò9`WOXjá#âJmO9`ÙRHKOsJmXVh9`bSvÝJmSga2[f]mQÔSVJmU Wa2`^Wma[VXVSVHKO9ÕO*J `
cy`
U`bO9XV[IHKOl$ ÙÝh9HZY\hYbWOÒ`4SV`
Ó9SV`b[t`bO2XV`^aW[W)SV`
ÝSVHyX7L
[VXVSVHKO9ÕY
WfOÒ`a2`
SVHyw2`^a¢Ò9n¯U`^WO9[IJQ!XVh9`4SV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9ÕSVi9cK`b[\Û#Ö HKO9ÕñSVi*cy` D d P D f ]QÔJmS¯XPÝÇJ$[VXVSVHyO*Õm[ D d . D f E $=@[ViqY#h
;*SVJmUÚO9JmÝCJmOe]¬Ý`ÝJmSVlÝHKXVhÞWfO/WcyÓ*hqWÒq`
X $Ýh9Jm[V`
XVhqWX ( d WOa ( f ÛbÖ!Ü `vi*[V`XDJSV`bÓ9SV`
[V`bO2X
`bcK`bU`
OmXV[ÇWSV`4YbWcKcy`fa/æjò ágãgäRê 7mXDh*`WcKÓ9hqWÒ`bXIHyXV[V`
cÃQ!HK[ÇYbWcycK`^a [tiqY\hsWSVi*cy`HKOXVh*`4QRJmSVU d P f Ö
W¯ê
ágä+æ ¯æjò ^á#ãgäRê#Ö
4OâjògêtäNà#âjãgäIà#á#ô'à\å äNåZç}õ¢ê\ïfêgäDá#ð æçÉðè}é äNå ê^ágäRê+ÙHyOs[th9JmSVX^]
;ð¯è2é äNåKê^ágä´Jfwm`bSvW[V`
XJQeJmÒ t`fY\XV[ $ÑHK[4WUWÓ*Ó9HKO9Õ +] WO$ëóv÷sî2ÛHy[4W¯ÓqWHyS
$ hP /]oÝh*`bSV`
Hy[vXVh9`[V`bXvJQeOWfXVi9SgWc´O9i9UÒ9`bSt[^] }]´zm]
( ÙY$J.1SÛ
99]yÖtÖ
ÖbÖ!kh9`O9i9UÒ9`
S ÿÙ ,2Û#]mQRJT>
S , E $¯]oHy[IXVh9`ðè}é äNå éÃåã#åKäNï Ýh*`bSV`]
JQJTÒ t`^Y#iX ,$HKOXVh9`Ui*cyXVHK[V`bX ÖÉvJmXV`XVhqWX¢Ý`a2J$O9JmX
WmYbY\`
Ó9Xh*`bSV`WfO/HKO O9HKXD`Ui9cKXVHyÓ*cyHZY\HKXPn2Ökh9`[V`bJX *-, E $ H tÙ z
Û$ÿHy[vW[V`
XJQ'JmÒ t`fY\XV[j7
Ù ,oÛ
6HK[a2`
O9JmXV`^a/Ò9n jK =Ù Û¯WfOa/HK[¯YbWcKcy`^a XVh9`
ê#jè }æàtä¬JQ Ö'kh9`O9i*U¢Ò*`bS
ÿÙ ,2ÛÇHK[4a2`bO*JmXD`fasÒ2n Ù 9mÛ?SÑHy[4W qO9HKXV`4[V`
XJQ'Ui9cKXVHy[t`bXÇ`bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmOSVi9cK`b[vJmwm`bSU$7
Ù ÿÛÇWfOaHy[4Y
WfcKcK`^aXVh9`ôá#å õ ä´JQ Ö
D
ÜÞ`sa2`
O9JmXV`sÒ2Bn $ ;XVh9`&[V`
XJQ¢Wcyc+Ui9cKXDHK[V`
XD[Jmwm`bJS $¯] W4SVÜ b` cZWfHyXVXVhHKJmSVOL`b]'[tÓqÙ(\`fY\[ XÇÛ4XV]¬JQRWJTOS Fëó. ÷&î E E$]oÝÇ/`4ÝYb`IWOÝa}SVHK`5XVq` O*`vJm(\wm[`bS $
HKOqY\cKiqa}HyO*ÕXVh*``bUÓ9XVn$Ui9cKXVHy[t`bX^] 9]'a25` O9`^a/Ò2n 2Ù ,oÛ (
H8a
QÔJmSÇWcK\c , E $¯Ö
( Ù
Ù d 2422 & ÛVÛ Ù d 24232 & .tÛ
Ui9cKXVHy[V`
X
]
$
hP
] QÔJmS $ (
*-,d3.4232425.N, h6o]^Y
WfOÒ=`'OWXDi*SgWfcKcKnSV`
Ó9SV`b[t`bO9XV`^avÒ9nXVh9`I[tXDSVHKO9Õ
QRJmS4V[ JmU` P
S .
z
.
zT]qWfOaXDh*`bSV`¢HK[
, d
, f
23242N,
WfOaÒ*nWO2nJmXVh9`bSÓq`
SVUi9XgWXDHKJmO O*J&SV*i cy` P E E S [ViqY#h$XVhqWX
Ù Ù d
JQ*XVh9HK[I[VXVSVHKO9ÕqÖ ÇJmO9wm`bSV[t`bcKnm]TÝHKXVhWfO*n)[VXVSVHKO9Õ D Jfwj`bS $ Ý` 23242 & VÛ Û47}WfXÇUJm[VXÇJmO*`4JQeXVh*`4Ui9cKXVHK[V`bXV[ N.
z
¬]
YbWO$W[V[VJ9Y\HZWfXV`WUi9cKXVHK[V`bjX ]va2`
O9JmXD`Ò9on H D H XVh9`O9i*UÒ`bS UWnÒ``bU Ó9XVnmÖ
JQ'J}YbY#i9SVSV`bOY\`b[4JQJmÒ g`^Y\=X , HKO D ]!z
7¬XVh9`bOe]¬XVh9`
Ui*cyXVHK[V`bXÇW[V[VJ}Y#H WXV`^aÝHyXVh D ]}a2`bO*JTXV`^aÒ9n ]jHK[va25` O9`^a w2WfSVÜ HKJmHyi9XVh[XDSVn2`bÓ9V[ Ó
` [v`^Y\JfXÇQ!XVUJi9WcKOsXVHy[të`bóXV[j÷&] î ( ÙY$J.NS4ÛIÝ`4Y
WfOsa2`qO9`
Òjn Ù , Û ()H D H .bz
!Ö
kh*`i*O9HKJTOßJQXVÝEJñUi9cKXVHK[V`bXV[ d . f ] $ hP HK[
Ui*cyXVHK[V`bX E $ Hy[lmábâ+HQIXVh*`bSV`¢HK[4O9J E $
XVh9`¢Ui*cyXVHK[V`bX¢Ù d f TÛ ]$ hP a2` qO9`fa$Ò*nñÙ d
[ViY\h$XVhWfX (\[ ÙXDh*HK[HK[` mi*HywmWcK`bO2X4XDJsXDh*`¢QNWmY\X
f Û\Ù ,o
Û ( d Ù ,oÛ f Ù ,oÛb]¬QRJmS)WcKc , E $¯ÖMRQ d Ù ,oÛ
XVhqWXÇXVh9`bSV`KH [ÇO9JSVi9cK` d P f E SC[ViqY#hXVhqWX d
f Ù ,2ÛÇQRJmS)WcKc , E $¯]¬XDh*`bO/Ý`¢[gW^nXVhqWXUi*cyXVHK[V`bX
d HK[
ÛbÖ
HKOqY\cKiqa}`^aÉHyO Ui9cKXDHK[V`
X IfWfOa/Ý`ÝSVHKXV` d BfmÖMPO
U¢i9cKXVHK[V`bX E $ HK[4åZç*å äNåâfémHQpXVh9`bSV`HK[ÇO9J E $
[ViY7hWY
Wf[t`j]TÝ`4a}5` qO*`vXVh9`4Ui*cyXVHK[V`bXIa28H a=`bSV`bOY\` d f
[ViY\hXVhqWX /(\[ Ö
Òjn)Ù f d Û\Ù ,2Û ( f Ù ,2Û d Ù ,2Ûb]
QÔJmSeWcyc , E $¯ÖÙNvJmXV`
XVhqWXÇÝh9`bO d Hy[O9JmX4HyOY\cKiqa2`fasHKO f ]qXDh*`¯a28H a=`bSV`
OqY\`Hy[
O9JmXÇa25` O9`^a*Û#Ö
=
MPO XDh*Hy[`m*WUÓ9cK`j]WO ëó÷&îÞHK[a2`5qO*`^aßW[
R
Q
m
J
y
c
K
c
m
J
Ý
j7
[
SV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9ÕSVi*cy`[tiqYthW[
(
YÙ $J.1SÛ4.
,TP ,25242N0-.
/
;
J
U
J >
:
H
j
k
l
"!$#
&%('*),+- .
Il
0/
_
21
5
<;=
87:9
,6
<>?=
T/
X/
nHm
4
m
o
<@8=
6 9
7:
79
31
bm
O
BA
O
kpD m
D
s
O
O
0E
'
Pps m
m O
O
m
Eq bq:r
0tsW
u
ZD
'
"C
,
J
D
C
KE
BO
D
'
FE
Q
L
M
N
4
P
BRS
U
v
BO
0
V
:Hm
oHm
TE
X/
"w
X
K
W
:W
X
Y
v
3
X/
Uym
<
X
Z
U/
X
U
q
Il
E
EG
I
' EHG
I3J
O
KE
Fxm
X/
z|{~}It}
{,B
K *
HK[4YbWcycK`^a/W á#â^äNå¾ç}õà\è2é áWOqa/a2`bO*JTXV`^aÉW[à 7¬HKXHK[4HKO2L
XV`bOqa}`^a¢XDJY#JmO9XVSVHyÒ*i9XV`ÇXVJXVh9`v[tXDHKSVSVHKO9Õ[VJmcKi9XVHKJmO´Ö!MPXÇÒ9SV`^Wl2[
i9ÓW)Y\JmUÓ9cK`5mñðæé ágã#è2é á!HKO9XVJ[VUWcKcK`bSIJTO*`b[j]åæç}ê#Ö OXVh9`
JmXVh9`bSIhqWOa=]*W¯SVi9cK`[tiqY\hsW[
\[B]_^
.`
, 23242ba PO0.
HK[eYbWcycK`^a¯Wãbæ^æéÃå¾ç}õ+à\è2é á!WOqa¯a2`
O9JmXV`^a¯Wf[và 7mHyXSt`bÒ9i9HKcZa2[
ðæé áDã#è}éKágêÇQÔSVJmU [VUWcKcK`bS4JmO9`b[fÖ4MPOÉXVh9HK[ÓWfÓ`bS^]qSV`bw2`bSV[tHyÒ*cy`
SV`^WmY\XVHKJmO9[^]#HÖ `jÖK] ]TWSV`ÇO*JTXY\JmO*[VHZa2`bSV`^apÖpÜ`'[VhqWcKcoO9JmX
QÔJmSVUWcKcynHKO9XVSVJoa2iY\`'XDh*`ISV5` O9`bU`
O9XJQeåæç}ê¬WOqa¯ðæfé á#ã#è}éKágê
XVh9Jmi9ÕmhÝ`i*[V`¢SV` qO9`
U`bO9XvHyO}QÔJmSVUWcycKnsXDJh*`bcKÓ$HKO9XVi9HKXDHKJmO
ÙJmOÒqJmXVhsXVnoÓ*`b[vJQ'SVi9cK`b[vÝ`4SV`#QÔ`bSXDJsÙNG`bSVSVHKOÞz
ümü 9mÛVÛbÖ
ðè}é äNå ê
ágäà#á#ô'à\å äNåZç}õ¯à\è2é áÙÝ`WfcK[VJi*[V`XDJ[\Wfnm]5á Tæéè äNåæçà\è}éKáDÛ'JTwj`bSÇW[t`bX $ JQpJmÒ g`^Y\XV[Hy[ÇW)ÓWHySvÙ d . f Ûb]oJfQ
[dcd^
$efgih
b
$
l
S
(
(
*j,/.N0-.ba.e. % .b\6.
*j,/.1,/.N,TPa=]$d-.N0
P i]jf.a P % ]$<.
Gk
P /b. ] .1,TP e
, .N0-.N0. ,l],<. P + ] " .562
S
.b . L. 6
jm
*-,e.N,e.N0.1,k6
k h9` [V`
X JQ XDh*` SV`bÝSVHKXDHKO9Õ SVi9cK`b[^]
Hy[
oÖñÜ `W[V[ti9U`XVh9`UW }HKUWcU¢i*cyXVHL
[t`bXÇ[VHKûb`Hy[I|WOa¯XDh*`4HKO9HKXVH Wc¬[VXgWXV`vHy[ÕmHyw2`bO¯Ò9n
oÖ
MPO¯ëó÷&î]bSV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9ÕSVi9cK`b[WSV`ÇWÓ9Ó*cyHK`^aHyOÓWSgWfcKcK`bcNÖpÜ h9`bO
XVh9`
SV`WSV`UJmSV`XDhWfOXPÝJWÓ9Ó*cyHZYbWÒ*cy`\LPSVi9cK`b[^]mXVh9`bO¯JmO9`SVi9cK`
HK['[V`bcK`^Y#XD`faSgWOqa2JmUcKno_Ö ;eHKÕTi*SV`4zEHycKcKi9[VXVSgWXV`b[IWO)5` mqWUÓ9cK`IJQ
SV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9Õ)[VXV`bÓ9['JQ¬XDh*`4YbWcZY\i9cZWXVHyJmO¢QÔSVJmU XVh9`HyO*HyXVHZWc*[VXgWXV`jÖ
4XÇXVh9G` SV[VX4[VXV`bÓ´]qXVh9`¢cK`\QRX+hWOqas[tH a}`¢JQISVi*cy`¢JQ d ] f
WOa WSV`HKOqY\cKiqa}`^a HyOXVh9`&HyO*HyXVHZWc[VXgWfXV`jÖÞMPO XVh*`O9` m}X
[tXD`
Ó´] WOa WSV` WfÓ*Ó9cKHy`faßHKO ÓqWSgWcKcy`
cWOqa * . 6ñHK[
SV`
ÝSVHyXVXV`bOHKO9XVTJ * . . 6oÖ!MPO[VXV`bÓ~9]TÒ9ni9[tHyO*Õ ] * . . L6
HK[XVSgWfO*[7QÔJmSVU`fa/HyO*XDJ * . . 6oÖkh9`bSV`WSV`O9JSVi*cy`
[XVhWfX
Y
WfOXDSgWO*[7QÔJmSVU XDh*`vUi9cKXDHK[V`
X!WO*nQÔi9SVXVh*`bSI[VJq]TXVh9`Ui9cKXVHy[t`bX
HK[vHKO$W já#â Ç[VXgWXV`jÖ
*( d . f .
&
2
t
(a b
% b
%
+
+
%
â ]!âââ]!ò
ÙXDh*`cy`#QÔXhWOqa[VH a}`JQ d . f ] bÛ
* . 6
ã#]_)ÙXVh9`cy`#QÔXhWOqa[VHZa2`JQ :. Û
* . . _6
+ÙRXVh*`cK`\QRXhWfOa[tH a}`JQ Û
* . . 6
kh9`
SV`)WSV`O9JSti9cK`XVJWfÓ*Ó9cKn9]jHKXÇSV`^WmY\h*`b[
XDh*` má\â
ä [VXgWfXV`
;eHKÕTi*SV`z ]\mqWUÓ9cK`JQeSV`
ÝSVHKXVHKO9Õ[tXD`
Ó9[vJQIëó÷&î
ß62Ï}5 Ð=5D
. : v0oÏ MPO)XVh9HK['[V`^Y#XDHKJmO´]mÝ`IHKO9XVSVJoa2iqY\`XVh9`vÒWf[tH Y[VXVSViY\XVi9SgWc}HyO*ÕmSV`\L
a2HK`bOjXV[JQdv_$úp]¬U`bUÒ9SgWO*`¢[VXVSViqY#XDi*SV`b[¢WfOa/h9JmÝÑ ú
ÝEJmSVl2[^Ö
*j,/. 0.1,/.N, 6
W
_
"a
W
% L
WS
%
+
b
"
_ b
_
+
HKO1 E hqW[XDh*`¢QRJmSVUB,C.ÇWOqasO*JJmXDh*`bSU`
UÒ9SgWO9`
[
WÓ*Óq`fWfSHyO*[VHZa2`¢XVh*`¢XVÝJÓWSV`bO9XVh9`
[V`b[vXVh9`bOÉHKXHy[YbWcycK`^aÉWO
á#é á#ðá#ç}äDâà\ï4U`bUÒ9SgWO*`jÖ
e
D5EGF&$HIDJEGFK
Ü `4ÝHKcKcpa2`5O9`XVÝJXVnoÓ*`b[vJQe úh7
Ùtz
Û úWOqa
Ù 9mÛ ú¯ÝHKXDh$WGO 'cK`bU`bO*XtWSVnU`bUÒ*SgWfO*`Ù úLEÛbÖ
Cú ÿHK[sa}bH ap`bSV`bO9X¯JmO*cynHKO XVh*`sÝ+W^nÞJfQ¢a}Hy[t[VJmcyw2HKO9Õ WOqa
a}Hyw2HZa2HKO9ÕQRSVJmU ú=Ö
XA
XA
XA
A
XA
M
XA
# O/PQNO Q
{ d { RFGS&
N
ÿXDSgWO*[VHKXDHKJmO$ëí!î¯HK[4WY\JmO9[tXDSViY\X
( YÙ $J.31 . d3.32 2 2 . L. Sn. UTT.WV .3X=Û4.
Ýh*`bSV` ]
! "$#" &%')(+*
k´Ja}`b[gY#SVHyÒ`4XVh*`U`
UÒ9SgWO9`WOqaHKXV[v[VXVSViqY\XVi*SV`4HKO$ëó÷&î Ùtz
Û $ÿHy[vW[V`
XJQ'JmÒ t`fY\XVj[ 7
Ù[V`b`ñÙPEWi9OÑz
ümümümÛDÛb]Ý` qSV[tXa2`qO9`ñXDh*`ÉcZWO9ÕmiqWÕm`
J
wm`bS¢XVh9`WcKÓ9hWfÒp`bXi*-, ./. 6Ýh9Jm[V`[VXVSVHyO*ÕT[WSV`SV`fY\i9SVSV`bO2XVcKn Ù 9mYÛ 1XVh9SVHKJm[ i9ÕmW;h*JTUi*X+`bUWÒ9Y\SgJmWUO9Ó*` i9[VXgXVWfSVXViqHKJmY#OqXDi*4Û 7SV` ÙHKXCY
WfO Ò` Y#hqWO9Õm`^a
a2`qO9`faW[ÇQRJmcycKJmÝ[j]
ÙN~mÛ d .42 2 2 . .TWSV`Ui9cKXVHy[t`bXV[W[V[VJ9Y\HZWfXV`^a¢ÝHKXVhXVh9`SV`bÕmHKJmO9[
ÙgzbÛ0, ./. E
zm] 9}]´ÖyÖKÖ $JQ 1 7
Ù9TÛHQ1 d .42 2 2 .1 E +]}O ;zm]9XDh*`bO2, 1 d .32 2 2 .31 . E >7 ÙR|o?Û SÑHy[4W qO9HKXV`4[V`
XJQ'Ui9cKXVHy[t`bXÇ`bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmOSVi9cK`b[vJmwm`bUS $Ö
ÙP~TÛXVh9`bSV`HK[vO9JmXVh9HKO9Õ`bcK[V`HKO ÇÖ
ÙN{mÛ ZT Hy[4W¯[V`bXJQ!U`bUÒ*SgWfO*`Y\JmUÓJmi9Oa2j[ 7
kh9`UJT[tXJmi9XV`bS¢U`bUÒ*SgWfO*` 54Y\JmSVSV`b[tÓqJmOqa}[XVJñWY\JmO2L ÙNým[Û V)Hy[vXVh9`XVh9SV`b[th9JmcZawTWcKi9`JfQa2HK[V[VJmcKwoHKO9ÕWU`bUÒ9SgWO9` 7
XgWHyO*`bS[tiqY\h$W[WXV`b[tX+XVi9Ò`JmS4SV`^WmY\XVJmSWfOasHKX4O9`bw2`bS4a2HK[7L Ù/\m[Û X$HK[vXVh9`XVh9SV`b[Vh*Jmc awmWcyi*`4JQIa}Hyw2H a}HyO*ÕW¯U`bUÒ9SgWO9` 7
[VJmcKw`b[^Ö
ÇJmO*[VH a}`bSpO9JmÝñXVh*`'QÔJmcKcyJmÝHKO9ÕSV`bcZWfXVHKJmOJTO¯_$úh]#QÔJmS ^L.N` E 1 Hy[W$U`
UÒ9SgWO9`[VXVSViY\XVi9SV`JQa2`bÕmSV`
`sOe]'O zm]ÝHyXVh
ÿÝÇ`ÝSVHKXV`?^&6 `ÉHQWfOaJmO9cKn HQÝ`YbWOÝSVHKXV`&XDh*` XVh9`U`bUÒ*SgWfO*`b['c WÒ`bcK`^aHyOWJmO9`#LNXVJfLPJTO*`4UWO9O*`bS^]mQÔJmSIHKO2L
XÝJ[tXDSVHKO9Õm[HKO XVh9`&QRJmSVU ^ (7, d 2 2 28, f 2 2 2 . f , 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 . d .N` (
[tXtWOY\`j]mÝHyXVh¯XDh*`vO9i*UÒ`bSV[!QÔSVJmU zXVJ ÖeMPO¯XVh9HK['Ý+W
nm]TWcK[VJ
, d 2 2 28, 2 2 2 . , f 2 2 2 . f 2 2 2 .e]fHNÖ `jÖK]THQpWfOaJmO9cKn)HQXVÝÇJ+ÓqWHySV[!JQÓWSV`bO2L
XVh9`b[t`b[Ýh9HZYth WfSV` O9JmXsY\JmO2XgWHyO*`^aHKOCJmO9`ñJmXDh*`bSsYbWO Ò` XVXVh9J `!SVÖ `bÕmHKJmO9[4JQ 1 WSV`¢HZa2`bO*XVbH `^asÒ2nsXDh*`¢O9i*U¢Ò*`bSV[vQRSVJmU z
HKOmXV`bSgYthqWO*ÕT`fa=]XDJmÕm`bXVh9`
SÝHKXVh XVh9`bHKSY\JmO9XV`bO2XV[^Ö ÜÞ`ÉWfcK[VJ
d`bÝSVHyXVHKO9ÕSVi9cK`b[WSV`¢WÓ9Ó*cyHK`^aHKOQÔJmcKcyJmÝHKO9ÕUWO9O*`bSj]
a2`
O9JmXV`IÒ9n96 XVh*`vSV`5"q`m}HKwo`vWOqa¯XVSgWO9[tHyXVHKwo`vY\cKJm[Vi9SV`
[IJfQ´XDh*`
SV`bcZWXVHyJmO:6¯Ö!kh9HK[Hy[vY\cK`^WSVcynWO` mi*HKwoWfcK`bOY\`vSV`bcZWXVHyJmOeÖeÜÞ` Ùtz
Ûkh*`ß[\WU` SVi9cK`b[WSV` WÓ9Ó*cyHK`^aXDJÑ`bw2`bSVn U`bUÒ*SgWO9`jÖ
a2`
O9JmXV`Ò2n XDh*`&[V`bXJQ` mi9HKwoWcK`bOqY#`sY\cZW[V[t`b[JQ
ÝHKXDhSV`b[VÓ`^Y\XvXDJXVh9HK[vSV`bcZWfXVHKJmO´Ö!kh9``bcK`bU`bO*XV[IJfQ WSV` Ù 9mÛk4h9cKc'`
XVSVh9`¢`WfStSV`4i9cKO9`bJ[¢SVWfi9SV`cK`b[vWÓ9[VÓ*Ócy`^HKY#`^bHa/=Y4HKO/XVJÓqWWSgUWcycK`b`bUcNÖÒ*MPSgOñWO9`
`jwoÖ `
SVn[VXV`bÓe]
YbWcKcy`fasðá#ðò\à#âç¬á+êgäNà\èqãgäNè2à#ágê\Ö
WcKc*XVh9`SVi9cK`b[ÇWSV`4WÓ9Ó*cyHK`^aXDJWcKc*JmÒ g`^Y\XV[IHKO`
wm`bSVn¯U`bUL
MPXvHy[`^W[VnsXVJ[V`
`¢XVhqWXXVh9`¢ÓWfSV`
O9XVh9`b[t`b[;,K]<.IWÓ9Ó=`^WSVHKO9Õ
*
Ò
SgWfO*`XVhqWXY
WfOÞÒ`WÓ9Ó*cyHK`^apÖMQvXVh9`bSV`WSV`UJmSV`XVhqWO
HKOWU`bUÒ*SgWO9`v[VXVSViqY#XDi*SV`4WSV`4UWXgYth9HKO9ÕY\JmSVSV`^Y\XVcKnHKOXVh9`
V
X
E
Ý
JSVi9cK`b[vXDhWXY
WfO$WÓ*Ó9cKnXVJWO$JmÒ g`^Y\X4XVh9`
OJmO*`¢SVi9cK`
i9[tiqWc}[V`bO*[V`jÖ ÇJmO9wm`bSV[t`bcKno]TWO9n)[tXDSVHKO9Õ)JQeY\JmSVSV`^Y#XDcKnUWfXgY\h}L
K
H
v
[
V
[
`bcK`^Y#XD`faSgWOqa}JTUcKn9Ö
HKO9ÕÓqWHKSV[¢JQvÓqWSV`bO*XDh*`b[V`
[:,K]=.P]!ÝHKXVh WsUWXgY\h9HKO9ÕsÓqWHyS¯WX
XVh9`v`bOa2[^]qY\JmSVSV`b[VÓJmOqa}[vXDJWU`bUÒ*SgWO9`4[tXDSViY\XVi9SV`oÖ
ÙN~mÛMQvWU`
UÒ9SgWO9`¯a}Hy[t[VJmcKwo`b[f]¬XVh9`bOÞWcyc'XVh*`¯JmÒ t`^Y#XD[HKOñHKXV[
IWmYth)UWXgY\h9HKO9ÕÓqWHKSJQ¬ÓqWSV`bO*XDh*`b[V`
[>,y].=WÓ9Ó`^WSVHKO9ÕHKOW
SV`bÕmHKJmOñWSV`cK`\QÔXvQÔSV`
`¢HKO$XVh9`¢SV`
ÕTHKJmOsHKUU`^a2HZWXD`
cyn$WÒJTwj`
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`¢[tXDSViY\XVi9SV`¢HK[Y
WfcKcK`^a$W$ðá#ðò#à\âç¬á#Ö+kh9`¢O*i9UL
HKX^Ö
Ò9`
SÇJQeU`
UÒ9SgWO9`b[HyOsWU`bUÒ*SgWO9`v[VXVSViqY#XDi*SV`?1ÉHy[vYbWcycK`^a
XVh9`GjáVõàtágá´JQ1WOa¯Hy[a2`bO*JTXV`^a¯Ò*na}`bÕqÙ@1´ÛbÖ!kh9`v`5m9XV`bSVOqWc ÙR|oÛ4cKcJTÒ t`^Y#XD[WOqa U`bUÒ*SgWfO*`b[¢O9JmX[VÓ`^Y\8H q`^a HKO W/SVi9cK`
WOqa Ýh9HZY\hßa2J O*JmX¯`bwoJmcKwm`&WfSV`ÓqW[V[t`^ai9OY\hqWO9Õm`^a XVJ
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`JQ=W4U`bUÒ9SgWO9`[VXVSViqY\XVi9SV`+1HK[EY
WfcKcK`^a¢XVh9` TágêN
XVh9`O*5` m}XÇ[tXD`
Ó´Ö
ê^á#é AoU`bUÒ*SgWfO*`ÇJQ=1EÖeÜ h9`bOW+U`bUÒ9S\WfO*`ÇÝh*H Y#hWÓ9Ó`fWfSV[
XA
l
6
b
B
Yxe
He
L
6
BG
6
He
6
r
pe
e
A
r
e
TG
:G
"w
e
(w
xe
He
,
A
d`bÝSVHKXDHKO9ÕSVi*cyG` S HK[4TW O9HKXD`[V`
XÇJfQEUi9cKXDHK[V`
XÇSV`bÝSVHyXVHKO9Õ
SVi9cK`b[IJmwm`
SǯÖ*GIJmXVhsXVh9`cK`\QÔX4WfOaXVh9`SVHyÕmh2XÇ[VHZa2`JQIW¯SVi9cK`
WSV`'JmÒ9XgWfHKO9`fa)Ò*n+[gWUÓ9cKHKO9ÕÝHKXVh)SV`bÓ*c WmY\`
U`bO9XeJQ*[tnoUÒ*JTcK[^Ö
[t`bXJfQSV`^WmY\XVHKJmO SVi9cK`b[&HK[sY\JmO9[tXDSViY\XV`^a W[XVh*`ÉJmwm`bSgWcKc
Ó9`
SVUi9XgWXDHKJmOJQ'ÒJTXVhs[VHZa2`
[vJfQ'XVh9`SVi*cy`
[^Ö
e e e Çh9`bUHZYbWcÇY#JmUÓqJmi9Oa2[¯WSV`[Vi9Ó}L
Ó9JmSVXV`^a QÔSVJmU Jmi9XV[VHZa2`ÉJQXDh*`É[Vn2[VXV`bU XVJ 4 WOqaß[tJTU`
Y\JmUÓ9Jmi*Oqa2[WSV` ` m}hWfi*[VXV`^a QRSVJmU 4 Ö 4cycY\h9`bUHZYbWc
Y\JmUÓ9Jmi*Oqa2[¢WSV`XVSgWfO*[7QRJTSVU`faÞWUJTO*ÕÉY#`bcKcy[f]eWsSgWOqa2JmUcKn
[V`
cy`fY\XV`^aßY\h9`
UH Y
WfcY\JmUÓJTi*OqaßHK[XVSgWO9[DQÔJmSVU`^a HKO9XVJ XVh9`
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9` ti9[tX+WÒJTwm`JmSÒ`bcKJmÝßHyX^Ö
s Þ
!f I
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`&HK[Y#JmUÓqJm[V`faJfQWñØmU`bUÒ*SgWO9`sY#JmUÓqJmi9Oa2Ø
Ýh9HZY7hHy[IHKO¯QNWTY#XW)[tnoUÒ*JTcNÖ!kJUWHyO*XtWHKOWU`bUÒ9SgWO*`j]fHKX
O9`
`^a2[IXVJhqW^wm`4WY\`
SVXtWHKOUHKO*HyUWc¬woJmcKi9U`oÖp U`bUÒ*SgWfO*`
a2HK[gWÓ9Ó*`^WSV[vHÃQ!XVh9`w2JTcKi*U`4JQ'U`bUÒ*SgWfO*`Y\JmUÓJmi9Oa2[4a2`\L
Y\SV`fWf[t`b[pÒ`bcKJTÝ/XVh9`O9`b`fa2`^awoJmcKi9U`IXVJ+UWHyO*XtWHKOXVh9`U`bUL
Ò9SgWO*`jÖer+HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*ÕXVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO*`4HK[4a25` O9`^asW[QÔJmcKcyJmÝj[ ]
B
I,
, ,e.32 2 28, D0-.32 2 2 . D . TP
, ,/.N0-.32 2 2 . .
Ýh9`
SV`vXDh*``bcKcyHKÓ9[tHy['*2 2 286HKcycKi9[tXDSgWXV`b[4Yth9`
UH Y
WfcpY#JTUÓJmi9Oa2[
HKO9[VHZa2`vXVh*`U`
UÒ9SgWO9`oÖer+HK[V[VJmcKwoHKO9ÕXgWfl2`b[Ó9cZWmY\`Ýh9`bO
H D DH
7"!
H D H$#
V
Ýh9`
SV`:VHK[WsXVh9SV`b[th9Jmc a wmWcyi*`QÔJmS¯a2HK[V[VJmcKwoHKO9ÕñXVh*`U`bUL
Ò9SgWO*`jÖ4cyc'Yth9`bUHZYbWc!Y\JmUÓ=Jmi9Oqa}[4HKO$HKXD[SV`bÕmHyJmO/WfSV`XDh*`bO
[V`
XÇQÔSV`
`WOqaÉXVh9`
nñWfSV`U`bSVÕm`^aÉHKO9XVJXVh9`SV`bÕmHyJmO/HKUU`^a2HL
WXV`bcKnWÒqJmwm`HKX
Ö
O$XVh9`JmXVh9`bS4hWfOa=]´Ýh*`bO$XVh*`¯w2Jmcyi*U`¢JQU`bU¢Ò*SgWO9`
Y\JmUÓ9Jmi*Oqa2[HyOY\SV`^W[t`b[ÇXVJWY#`bSVXgWHyO5` m9XD`
O9X^]TXVh9`
O$W)U`bUL
Ò9SgWO*`HK[¢a2HKwoHZa2`fa=Ör+HKwoHZa2HKO9Õ&WU`
UÒ9SgWO9`¢HK[4SV`fWcyHKûb`^aÉÒ*n
a2HKw2H a}HyO*ÕvHKXHKO¯U¢i*cyXVHK[V`bXV[eSgWOa2JmUÿ[VHKûb`
[^Ö!kh9`QÔSV` mi9`
OqY\nWX
Ýh9HZY7h$W¯U`bUÒ9SgWO*`4HK[a2HKw2H a}`^aHK[4a2`^Y\HZa2`faHyOÉÓ9SVJmÓJTSVXVHKJmO
XVJHKXD[¢[tHyû
`jÖ&4[¯XVh*`[VHKûb`JQWsUi9cKXVHy[t`bXÒ`^Y#JTU`
[¯cZWSVÕT`
S^]
XVh9`4Y\`
cyc´Hy[4a}Hyw2HZa2`^aUJmSV`4QRSV` ji9`bO*XDcKnoÖ´k`^Yth9O*H Y
WfcKcKno]oXVh9HK[ÇHK[
a2` qO9`faW[ÇQRJmcycKJmÝj[ 7
`
(w
"w
,%,e.N0-.32 2 2 .TP
, :,/.32 2 28, D0.42 2 2 . D .
r4Hyw2H a}HyO*ÕXgWfl2`b[Ó9cZWmY\`4Ýh*`bO
H D H
7"!
H
H
&X
Ýh9`
SV`?XHK[4W)XVh9SV`b[Vh*Jmc aQÔJmSa}Hyw2HZa2HKO9ÕXVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO9`oÖ!+cKc
Y7h*`bUHZYbWcY#JTUÓJmi9Oa2[IHKOHKXD[SV`bÕmHKJTOWfSV`+XDh*`bO[t`bX'QÔSV`b`4WOa
XVh9`bnWSV`[t`bÓqWSgWXV`^aSgWOqa}JTUcKnÒ*nO*`bÝ U`bUÒ*SgWO9`b[fÖ
#-O@PQ O Q
{ , ,/.10.32 2 2 .
{=R9D5EGF$K
úC HK[4a2H8a=`bSV`bO*XÇJmO9cKnHyOsXVh*`Ý+W^nJfQIa}Hyw2HZa2HKO9ÕWOasa2HK[7L
[VJmcKwoHKO9ÕY\`bcKcK[QÔSVJmU ú=ÖIr+HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*Õ XVh*`ÉU`bUÒ9SgWO*`&Hy[
A
XA
P
r4Hy[V[tJmcyw2HKO9ÕXgWlo`
[ÇÓ*c WmY\`Ýh9`
O
HD
A
M
a}`5qO*`^asW[QÔJmcKcyJmÝ[j]
H
, 4 ,e.N0.42 2 2 .. 4
7&!
H
#
V
Ýh*`bSV`[VHK[¯W$XVh9SV`
[Vh9JmcZa/woWcyi*`QÔJmS¯a2HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*ÕñXDh*`U`bUL
Ò*SgWO9`jÖ++cKc'Y\h9`
UH Y
Wfc!Y\JmUÓJTi*Oqa2[HyOÉHyXV[4SV`
ÕmHyJmOñWSV`XVh9`bO
[t`bXÇQRSV`b`¢WOqaXVh9`bnsWfSV`U`bSVÕm`^aHKO9XVJXVh9`SV`bÕmHKJmOsJfQ 4mÖ
r+HKw2H a}HyO*ÕHK[a}5` qO9`fasW[ÇQRJmcycKJmÝj[ 7
B
,%:,/.N0-.32 2 2 .TP
r4Hyw2H a}HyO*ÕXgWlo`
[ÇÓ9cZWmY\`Ýh9`
O
HD
H
H
, :,/.42 2 2 .C, D0.42 2 2 . ND 2
7"!
H
XL.
Ýh*`bSV` X$HK[vWXVh9SV`b[th9Jmc aQÔJmSva2HKwoHZa2HKO9ÕXVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO*`jÖp4cKc
Y#h9`bUHZYbWc*Y\JmUÓ=Jmi*Oqa2[IHKOHKXV[ÇSV`bÕmHKJmOWSV`vXDh*`bO[V`bX'QÔSV`
`4WfOa
XVh9`
nWfSV`v[t`bÓqWSgWXV`^aSgWfOa2JmUcKnHKOXVh9`vJmcZaWOa¯O9`bÝ U`bUL
Ò*SgWO9`b[^Ö v`bOY\`j]+HyO Cú v]ÇW[VXVSViqY\XVi9SV`faCY#`bcKc[ViqYth Wf[
, ,/.10!, . , e. . .8.a}Jo`b[vO9JmX+WÓ*Óq`fWfS^Ö
q G`^YbWi*[V`vXVh9`Y#JmUÓqJmO*`bO9XV[IJQ
W)U`
UÒ9SgWO9`4a}HyUHKO9HK[VhÝHKXDhXVh9`4cZWÓ9[t`4JQWY#`bSVXgWHyOXVHyU`o]
WY\`bcKcphWf[XVJÕm`bO*`bSgWXD`XVh9`Y\JmUÓJmO9`bO9XV[XDJUWfHKO9XgWHKOXVh9`
U`
UÒ9SgWO9`ñXDh*SVJTi*ÕmhCY\h*`bUHZYbWc4SV`fWTY#XDHKJmO9[&HKO XVh9` Y\`bcKcHKO
úsWOqa Cú vÖ v`bOqY\`o]WcKcp[Vi*SVwoHKw2`^asY\`bcKcK[vHyOÉ úWOqa
Cú Ò`^Y\JmU`Y\`bcKcK[4cyHKl2`¢Wñã á#ðæ^äDæç}Ù WO*XDHz
Nü \T{mÛbÖvÜ`
Y#JTO qSVU`^aXVh*Hy[vXVh9SVJmi9Õmhs[VHKUi9cZWXVHyJmO*[^Ö
!
Ü h9`bO/WY#`bcKcpÕmSVJTÝ[4WOqa&XVh9`¢Y\`bcKc
`m*Y#`b`^a2[XDh*`vXDh*SV`b[Vh*Jmc a¢woWcKi9`QÔJmSEa}Hyw2HZa2HKO9Õq]THKXa}Hyw2HZa2`b[IHKO9XVJ
ÓWSVXD[¢JQSgWOqa}JTU [VHKûb`b[fÖkh9HK[¯YbWO/Òq`[t`b`bOÞW[¯Wl2HyOaÉJfQ
ð¯èjäDâ^äNåæç*ÖpMQ*W+a}Hyw2HZa2`^aY\`
cycoa2Jo`b[!O9JmX=hWfwj`WO9nU`bUÒ*SgWfO*`
Y#JTUÓqJmi9Oa2[^]9HyXvUi9[VXa}Hy[\WfÓ*Ó`^WS[tJoJmO´Ö
;*i9SVXVh9`
SVUJmSV`j]XVJ UWfHKO9XgWHKOÑXVh9` U`bUÒ*SgWfO*`/XVh*SVJTi*Õmh
Y#h9`bUHZYbWc¬SV`^WmY\XVHKJmO9[vHyO*[VHZa2`¢XVh*`)Y#`bcKceYbWOsÒ`[V`b`bO$W[¯ç¬â^äNè à#âé´ê^á\é á#ãgäNåæç*ÖMRQvY#`bcKcy[YbWOñO*JmXUWfHKO*XtWHKO$XVh9`¢U`
UÒ9SgWO9`
Y#JTUÓqJmi9Oa2[^]9HyXvUi9[VXa}Hy[\WfÓ*Ó`^WS[tJoJmO´Ö
kh9i*[^] ÒJmXDha2HKw2H a}HyO*Õ U`bUÒ9SgWO9`
[;WOqa¨a2HK[V[VJmcKw2HyO*Õ
U`
UÒ9SgWO9`
[/Ó9SVJ9a2iqY#`ß`
wmJmcyi*XDHKJmOqWSVn a2n2OqWUHZY\[^Ö kh9`
[V`
Y#JTStSV`b[VÓJmOqa2`
OqY\`
[+WSV`[Vi*UUWSVHyû
`^aHyO*XVkJ 7
4WXDi*SgWceú2`
cy`fY\XVHyJmO r+HK[V[VJmcKwoHKO9ÕWU`bUÒ9SgWO*`j]
_&i9XgWXDHKJmO
r+HKw2H a}HyO*ÕWY#`bcKcpHKO2XDJÓWfSVXV[vJQ
SgWfOa2JmUÚ[VHKûb`jÖ
2p34. v5D8E6Þ8
X
Ü`4ÝHKcKcp[Vh*JTÝ [VJmU`5` m9Ó`bSVHKU`bO9XgWc¬SV`b[Vi*cyXV[4JQ' Cú WOqa
úHyOsXVh9HK[v[V`^Y#XDHKJmO´Ö
('
a
XA
%
)T,*B*2+-,,. /0
XA
1'
XA
A
32
XA
45
6789X*
:
;
<
.= >@?5AB
C=
XA
XA
kh9``bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmO$JQ`bcK`bU`bO*XtWSVn$Y\`bcKcK[)Y
WfO/Ò`SV`\L
ÕoWSga2`^aßW[ÉWÞUJ}a2`bcJQXVh9`/Y#h9`bUHZYbWc`bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmOßHyO XVh9`
JmSVHKÕTHKOJQ'cKHÃQR`jÖ'kh*`vQRJTcKcKJmÝHKO9Õëí!î /Ý+Wf[[VHKU¢i*c WXV`^a 7
(
RÙ $
(
*-,e.N0. j6.31 (
* , .. 4 .52 2 28, .. d 4 4 6 4 (
d
d
d d
*-, , 4 .N0 4 . 4 . 4W4 6.NS. T ( *-036. V(
2e
| . X ( 2 9T4Û .
Ýh*`bSV` ]
ÙgzbÛ S]oXDh*`4cK`bO9ÕmXVhJfQ´XDh*`4cK`\QRXPL!JmSÇSVHKÕmh9X7LNhWfOajLN[tH a}`vJfQ!W)SVi9cK`
HK['Ò`bXVÝ`b`
O)JmO9`4WOqaXDh*SV`b`jÖ'GJTXVh[tH a}`b['JfQ´XDh*`vSVi9cK`b[ÇWSV`
JmÒ*XtWHKO9`^aÒ9n[gWUÓ9cKHKO9ÕÝHyXVhsSV`bÓ*c WmY#`bU`bO*XEJQ!XDh*`XVh*SV`b`
[tnoUÒ9JmcK[â]!òWOqa ã7
Ù9TÛ_s`
UÒ9SgWO9`ÿ[tXDSViY\XVi9SV`b[ÿWSV` Wf[t[Vi9U`fa XVJÚÒ=`ÚÙ 1 (
*-, d . d 2 2 2 , d 4W4 . d 4W4 6fÛ#Ö
kh*SVJmi9Õmh XVh9` [tHyUi*c WXVHKJTO Ý` a2HK[gY\Jmwm`bSt`^aBXVhqWX XVh9`
[VXVSV`bO*ÕTXVh/JQ4WsU`bUÒ9SgWO9`3W a=`fY\XV[¢XVh9`Ò`bhqWw2HyJmS¢JQ4Y\`
cycK[^Ö cK;ei9HK[tÕmXDi9SgSVW`XV`9 XV]h9Ü`4SVh*`
`bÕmOHyJmO9Ws[vUÝ`bh*U`bSVÒ9`SgWY#O9`bcK`cy[vHK[¢`5m9[VHKXV[VSVXJmWO9OqÕqaÖ&ÓkJmh*HyO*`XDcy[ÇHKO9Y#`
Jm[¢SVSVHy`\cLL
kh9`[VXVSV`bO9ÕmXVhJQpWU`
UÒ9SgWO9`IHK[Ça2` qO9`faW[IXVh9`va2`
ÕmSV`b`vJQ [tÓqJmOaXDJXDh*`[VXgWXD`JQIY\`
cycK[^Ö
a2HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*ÕU`bUÒ9SgWO*`)Y#JmUÓqJmi9Oa2[^ÖMRQXVh9`¯a}`bÕmSV`b`HK[4cKJTÝ
WOqa¢XVh9`4Y\`
cyc¬UWHKO9XgWHyO*[HKXV[IU`bUÒ9SgWO*`QÔJmSIcyJmO*Õ[tXD`
Ó9[^]oÝ`
YbWcKcXDh*`&U`bUÒ9SgWO9`[VXVSVJmO9ÕqÖ MQXVh9`Éa}`bÕmSV`b`&Hy[cKJmÝ)]IXVh*`
Ü `Ò`bcKHK`bw2`¯XVhqWX¢XVh9HK[¯Ò`bhqWw2HKJTSV[JQv`bw2Jmcyi*XVHyJmO/Hy[[VHKUL
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`Hy[4YbWcKcK`^asWÝ`^Wl¯U`bUÒ9SgWO9`oÖ
HKcZWSXDJÞXDh*`É`bw2Jmcyi*XVHyJmOJfQwoHKSVi9[t`b[&ÙkWOqWlmWzbümümümÛbÖ kh9`
[t`bXVXDHKO9Õm[vJQ'XVh9HK[v[VHKUi9cZWXDHKJmOWSV`[VJSVJmi9Õmh´]}h*JTÝI`bwm`bS^]oXVhqWX
Þ
e #
Ü h*`bO$WU`bUÒ9SgWO9` XVJmh9SVHK`ÕmÓ=HyOsJm[VJ[tQ'HyÒ*cKHHyQÔcK`¢HKXPn)HK[vSV[V`bHKUUWHycZHKWO9Sv['XDJmJÓq`
woO¯HKSVi9XDh[vWf`
XÇwoY\Jmh*cKi9`bUXVHyJmHZYbOeWÖecjk`
woh*JmHy[vcKi9ÝXVHyHKJmcKceO¢ÒHyO `
HK[p[VXVSVJTO*Õq]fXDh*`IUJm[VXe[VXgWÒ9cK`ÇY\`
cyc}Y\JmO9[tHy[tXD[!JQ*JmO9cKn)JmO9`IU`bU¯L Wma*a2SV`b[V[t`^aHKOQÔi9XVi*SV`SV`
[V`^WSgY\heÖ
Ò9SgWO*`j]eY#`bcKcy[JfQXVh9HK[¯XVn2Ó9`Òq`fY\JmU`×UJmXVh9`bSVØ Y#`bcKcy[¯WOa
XVh9`bn¯Ó9SVJ}a}iqY\`&×ta9Wi9Õmh*XD`
SVØY\`bcKcK[^Ö
MPO¯JmSga2`
SÇXVJ¢a2HK[VÓ*c WnW[tXtWXV`4JQeWY#`bcKc*Ý`vXVSgWO9[7QRJmSVU XVh*` G D2# EFU$
H O Q # N< #& - O !O/ # R QO R
[VXgWXV`IJQeW)Y\`bcKc*XVJWO9i9UÒ9`
SIÒ9ni*[VHKO9Õ)XVh9`vXVSgWO9[7QRJTSVUWXVHKJTO
-O NO C" QÔi*OqY\XVHKJmLO 7 !4 Ù Ù ,24Û . Ù 0\4Û . ÿÙ #ÛDÛ (z f ÿÙ ,2Û z d
Ù 0\Û /z
Ù #4Û 2 ;JmSe5` mqWUÓ9cK`j]mXDh*`Ç[tXtWXVG` *-,e. ,e.N0-. . -6
9
T ! ¾* `m}X^]XVh9`QRJmcycKJmÝHyO*Õ
HK[IXVSgWfO*[7QÔJmSVU`faHyO*XDJz f 9 Cz d z z 4 9'( 994z 9 2 ëíî¯Ý+W[Ç[tHyUi*c WXV`^ah7
kh*` Õmi9SV?` 9sHKcycKi9[tXDSgWXV`b[¢XVh9``bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmO/JfQY\`bcKcK[¯Ýh9`
O
WU`
UÒ9SgWO9`HK[4[VXVSVJmO9ÕqÖ+kh9`Y\`bcKcy[XVhqWXWSV`Y\cyJm[t`¢XVJXVh*` *-, d 4 .10 d ( 4 . d 4 ÙY$ 6.1S. ( T!*-( ,/.1*-00j. 6j6. V.1 ( 2( |k. X (* 2 9m6Û.. 4 (
h9JmSVHKûbJmOmXgWcIjW m9Hy[¢WSV`¯UJmXVh9`
S)Y\`
cycK[^Öú2JmU`a9Wi*ÕTh2XV`bS¢Y\`bcKcK[
a2`
ÓqWSVX¢QÔSVJmU XVh9`ÉÕmSVJmi9Ó WOqaß`
woJmcKwm`Éa28H a=`bSV`bO*XXVnoÓ*`b[JQ
Ýh9`
SV`]
Y\`
cycK[^]m`bw2`bOXVh9Jmi*ÕTh$WcKUJm[VX+WcKceY\`
cycK[4WSV`4HKOsXVh9`ÕmSVJTi*Ó´Ö'MPO
XVh9HK[=Y
Wf[t`j]Ta2HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*ÕWU`bUÒ*SgWfO*`IY\JmUÓqJmi*OqaXgWlo`
[pÓ9cZWTY#` tÙ z
Û?S]oXVh9`4cK`bO*ÕTXVhJQ!XVh9`4cK`\QRX7L!JTSSVHyÕmh9X7LNhWOqajLN[tH a}`ÇJQ'W)SVi9cK`
Ó9`
Sz ¯[VXV`bÓ*[^Ö
KH [IÒ`bXVÝE`b`bO¯JmO9`4WOa¯XDh*SV`b`jÖ'GJmXDh¯[VHZa2`
[IJQpXVh9`vSVi9cK`b[ÇWSV`
kh*'` qÕmi9SV`¢~Hy[+QÔJ}Y#i9[V`fasXVJXVh9`¢UJmXVh9`
SY\`bcKcK[^Ö4X qSV[VX
mJ Ò9XgWHKO9`^aÒ9n[gWUÓ9cKHKO9ÕÝHKXDhSV`bÓ*c WmY\`
U`bO9XÇJQ!XDh*`XDh*SV`b`
XVh9`bSV` WfSV` WfÒJmi9XÉXV`bOÑÕmSVJmi9Ó9[f]¢WOqa [tJTU` JQXVh*`bU Ò=`#L
V[ n2UÒ9JmcK[â]´òWOqa ã7
Y\JmU`5` m}XVHKOqY\jX ]W
QRXD`
S 9 [VXV`bÓ9[vXVh9`
SV`SV`bUWHyO$WÒ=Jmi*XÇQÔJmi9S
Ù 9mÛs&_ `bUÒ9SgWO9`+[VXVSViqY\XVi9SV`
[+WSV`O*JTX4W[V[Vi9U`fa=Ö
ÕmSVJmi9Ó9[fÖ
Þ
e o ;eHKÕmi9SV`&|ñHKcycKi9[tXDSgWXV`b[
XVh9`¢YbW[V`Ýh9`
O WU`bUÒ*SgWO9`¢HK[Ý`^Wl¬]¬WU`bUÒ9SgWO*`¯a2HK[7L XVAHK JmO eÒ*fb` XV Ý`
`b2O oXV h9`ñMPSVOC`bÝJmSVSgHKa}XD`bHKO9SÕXVJ SVi*HycyO*` w`bWf[VOXVaHKÕjWXDh*XV`É`ÉXVÒh9`b` hqWY\w2JmHySVJmSVS`bcZW
JLQ
[VJmcKw`b[4`bw2`bSVn~[VXV`bÓ9[fÖMNOÉXVh9HK[)Y
Wf[t`j]¬XVh9`¢[tno[tXD`
UþYbWO$O*JmX
QÔJmSVU WÕmSVJmi9ÓÞJQvUJTXVh9`
S¯Y\`bcKcy[[ViYVhWf[¢HKOÞXVh9`Ó*SV`bw2HyJmi*[ XVz
h9üm`+ümUÛ#Ö$J}2a k `bcNh9]oHKÝ[¢`ÓqWÝSgHyWcKc*UHKO9`bXVXV`bSVS¢Joa2HKi[¢Y\Hy`vO*XDXVSVh9Jo`a}AiqY\`^Óqa WSgWfW[UW`bOÞXV`bJmS4SgÙPa2ú2`bi*S¢ûbÓqi9W^l2L H
YbW[V`oÖÿú2HKOqY\`ñXDh*`/ÕmSVJmi9Ó JQ¯Y\`
cycK[sa}SVHÃQRXD[&XVJUJmSV`É[VXgWÒ9cK` SgWU`
XD`
SJ QIëóv÷sîÖ
Y\`
cycK[^]oXVh9`¢Y\`
cycK[vÕmSVJTÝ c WSVÕm`bS^Ö 'wm`bOsHQIWcZWSVÕm`)Y#`bcKcea2HKw2H a}`b[
<=`
Xi9[v2
a `qO9`XVh9` A ÓWfSgWU`bXV`
SW[ÇQRJmcycKJmÝ[j]
HKOmXVJÓWfSVXV[JfQ´SgWfOa2JmU [VHKûb`b[f]TXVh9`vÓ*SVJTÒWÒ9HKcyHKXVn)JfQ´HyOY\cKiqa2HKO9Õ
`bO*JTi*ÕmhU`bUÒ*SgWO9`sY#JmUÓqJmi9Oa2[XVJÞUWfHKO9XgWHKOHKXV[U`bUL
à 4
A (
Ùgz
Û
Ò9SgWO*`4WfSV`cZWSVÕm`bSvXDhWfO$W¯[VUWcKceY\`bcKcNÖ
z Ù à 4 ßz
Û
"9
600000
the state of a cell
500000
a
a
(
H
The state of a cell
l
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
0
, +
Z,
20
40
60
80
100 120 140 160 180 200
Steps
0
{.
{
"}
{.
$R
b
a
a
~R
ba a
&R
<
dR
}Y
:
x
* 60
*
/7
l
a
La
$
, H,
*
:{
]
BR
c &
H
L
{
knoÓ9`M]9ÑY\`bcKcea2Jm[V`O*JmX`bw2Jmcywm`WOqaa2HK[gWÓ9Ó=`^WSV[-7
kV[ JmnocKw2Ó9Hy`+O*MtÕM]mUk`bh9U`Ò9ÓqSgW`
O9SVHy`
J}[aWJfÓ9Q'Óa2`^HKWw2SVH [4a}HyY\O*n9ÕY\cKUHZYb`
WUcycKn9Ò9Ö SgWO9`b[WfOaa2HK[7L
1000
the state of a cell
kV[ XVnoSViÓ9Y\`XVMgi9MDSVM`^]oas Y\`
Y#cy`bc cK7 c`
woJmcKwm`b[IXVJWY#JmUÓ9cK`5mp]9h9HK`bSgWSgY\h9HZYbWcKcKn
knoÓ9`MJ ]p4cKcYth*`bUHZYbWcÇY\JmUÓJmi9Oa2[¯HKO9[tH a}`WñY\`bcKcIHKO}L
The state of a cell
800
600
\Y SV`fW[V`SgWÓ9HZa2cKnoÖ vJfÝÇ`bwm`bS^]}Y\`
cycK[vhqWSga}cyna}Hyw2HZa2`7
Ýh*`bSV` `^WmYth A woWcKi9` HK[ßO*JTXHKUÓJTSVXgWO9X wo`
SVn UiqYDh´Ö
4cKXVh9Jmi9ÕmhßXVh9`bn Y#hqWO9Õm`HKOßXDh*`Éa2H8a=`bSV`bO*X¯`bO2woHKSVJmO9U`
OoXV[f]
XVh9`
[V`QÔJmi*S+Y\cZW[V[t`b[4WfSt`i*OqYthqWO9Õm`fa=Ö
1A ¬ ) Ü h9`
O A Hy['Y\cKJT[t`ÇXVJ 9Ö XVh9`
ãbæ^æéÃå¾ç}õà\è2é áHK[4UWHKO9cKni9[t`^a=]qWfOa$Y\`
cycK[4ÝHKcKcphqWSga2cKnsÕmSVJTÝ
i*Ó´Ö!kh9i*[U`
UÒ9SgWO9`b[ÝHKcKc*hWfSga}cyn¯Ò`a2HKw2H a}`^aÙ qÕmi9SV`4{mÛbÖ
1A
o 6
Ü h*`bO
A Hy[HKOÒ`bXVÝÇ`b`bO }Ö 9
{ 6zmÖ 9]}U`
UÒ9SgWO9`b[WfSV`UJmSV`cyHKl2`bcyn
XVJÒ`¢a2HKwoHZa2`^a&XVhqWOsÝh9`bIO A HK[4Y\cKJT[t`¢XVJ 9Ö }ÖvGi9X^]q[VHKOqY\`
ãbæ^æéÃå¾ç}õ)à\è2é ágê'WSV`cyHKlo`
cyn)XVJÒ`vi9[t`^a=]oXVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO9`4Y\JmUL
ÓJmi9Oa2[a}JO*JmXHKOqY\SV`fWf[t`¢w2`bSVnUiqYDh´Ökh9i9[f]}Ýh9`
OñWY#`bcKc
`
woJmcKwm`b[vXVJ&WY\`bSVXgWHKO$[VHKûb`XVh9`¢U`
UÒ9SgWO9`¢Y\JmUÓJmi9Oqa}[JQ
`fWTY#h Y\`bcKca2`^Y#SV`^W[V`/WOqa XDh*`bn WfSV` a2HK[V[VJmcKwo`fa Ù Õmi9SV`/ýmÛbÖ
kh*i9[XDh*`bSV``bU`bSVÕm`b[4Wsãbá#éKé!ã#ïjã#éKáÇcKHyl2`4Ò`bhWfw2HKJmS^Ö
¥PPg ±¥P Db!P#"$%&#'(*)
±± ! ,& #"#"**-.0&$'#'212))
+
/
3 ± # #"*4&#'2- 12)
± ±Ã!±±6&±Ã±#"±Ã±*±7.±Ã±$'±Ã±±±Ã)±±Ã±
5
+8 ±9±Ã ±± ±Ã±#"±Ã±±7 ±Ã±$'±Ã#±±02±Ã)±±
± #" 7 )
+8: 9
;eHKÕmi9SV`4{ ]´+O5` m*WUÓ*cy`JQp[VXgWXV`ÇXVSgWO9[VHKXVHKJTOJQpëí!/
î ]knoÓ9`
M4Ù AY\cKJm[V`XDJ 9Ö mÛ
;1A
2 <=
=56?>@@ Ü h*`b#O A `m* Y#`b`^a2[¢zmÖ WOqaXVh9` ágâ^äNå¾ç}õà\è}éKáÇHy[vcKHKlo`bcKnXVJÒ`i9[V`fa=]}W
Y#`bcKceÕmSVJmÝ[4i*Ó$`^W[VHK`bSWOqa&XDh*`QÔSV` ji9`bOY\nsJfQY\`bcKcIa}Hyw2Hy[tHyJmO
Ò`^Y#JmU`b[Ih9HKÕmh´Ö!kh9i*[EWY\`bcKc*`bw2JmcKwm`b['HyO*XDJWcZWfSVÕm`4Y#JTUÓ*cy` m
Y#`bcKc'Ù qÕmi9SV` \mÛbÖ
8ABNA q Ñ e ?>Ü h9`bO XVh*I` A ÓqW^L
SgW U`
XD`
S$Òp`^Y\JmU`b[ÉUiY7hÑcZWSVÕm`bSÉXDhWO zmÖ 9]U`
UÒ9SgWO9`b[
ÝHKcKc4hWSga2cKnÒq` a2HKwoHZa2`fa=]Òq`fYbWi9[V`ñXDh*`&O9i9UÒ9`
SJQ¯Y#JmUL
ÓJmi9Oa2['JQ=WcKc}loHKOa2['HyO¯XVh9`vY\`bcKc}HKOqY\SV`fWf[t`WOa)HKXHK[Ia2DH CY\i9cKX
XVJ[tÓq`fY\8H ¬YbWcKcyn$HKOqY#SV`^W[V`XVh9`¢O9i*U¢Ò*`bSJQJmO9cKnsU`bUÒ9SgWO9`
Y#JTUÓqJmi9Oa2[^Ö ÇJmO9[t` ji9`bO*XDcKno]vWY\`
cycÝHKcychWSga2cKn a}Hyw2HZa2`
Ù qÕmi*SV` \TÛbÖ
Ü `Ò`bcKHy`
wo`XVhqWXEXVh*`4a2HKwoHK[VHKJmOHyOQÔJmi9SÇY\cZW[V[V`
[Ça2`b[\Y\SVHKÒq`
[
XVh9`ÒW[VH Y)Ò`bhqWw2HyJmSÇJQ'XVh9`[Vn2[VXV`bU&Ö vJTÝÇ`bwm`
S^]oÝh9`bGO VJmS
'
400
200
0
0
50
100
Steps
150
200
;eHKÕmi9SV`4~ ]w2JmcKi9XVHyJmOJfQ!UJmXVh9`bS4Y\`bcKcK[^Ö!kh9`ÓJmHyO*XD[Y\JmSVSV`\L
[VÓ*JTOaXVJY\`bcKcy[fÖ
$
/
d
T,
600000
the state of a cell
The state of a cell
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100 120 140 160 180 200
Steps
eHKÕmi9SV`|e]!Ü h9`
O$WU`bUÒ*SgWO9`4HK[vÝ`fWl
;
Ýh9`
SV` à 4Y\JmSVSV`b[tÓqJmOqa}[¯XVJñXVh9`O*i9U¢Ò*`bS¯JQ á#â^äNå¾ç}õ
à\è2é ágê\]fWOqa à 4IXVJXVh9`O9i*U¢Ò*`bSJQãgæ^æéÃå¾ç}õà\è2é átê#Ö´kh9HK[
ÓqWSgWU`bXV`bS Hy[4Ý`
cycL7a}`5qO*`^aÝh9`bOsXVh9`O9i9UÒ9`
SJQSVi9cK`b[4HK[
ÕmSV`^WXV`bSIXVhqWOÞzTÖ
Ü h9`bOXVh9`ëó÷&î¯JmO9cKni9[V`
[ÇSVi*cy`
[JQ!XVh9`XVnoÓ*`¯à 4T]
A+HK[` miWcpXVJ 9Ö 9Ö 4OsXVh*`)Y#JTO*XVSgWfSVn2]oHÃQ'XVh9`ëó÷&îi*[V`b[
SVi9cK`b[JQ'XDh*`¢XVnoÓ*`à 4WOqa à 4ÝHKXVhsXDh*`¢[gWU`QRSV`\L
ji9`bOY\nm\] A¯HK[¢` jiqWcXDJ zmÖ 9Ö ;eHKOqWcKcyn2]pÝh9`
OXVh9`ëóv÷sî
JmO9cKni*[V`b[¢SVi*cy`
[¢JQvXVh9`XVnoÓ*`Éà 4 ] A Hy[ÕTSV`fWfXV`
S)XVhqWO
zmÖ 9Ö
A HyOa2HZYbWXD`
[sXVh*`a2`bÕmSV`b` JQSV`bÓ*SVJ}a2iY\XVHyJmO HKO W Y\`bcKcNÖ
Ü h*`biO A Y\cKJm[V`vXVJ 9Ö 9]TXVh9`4a}`bÕmSV`b`vHK[ mi*HyXV`vcKJmÝ WOqaW[ A HK[IÕm`bXVXDHKO9Õc WSVÕm`bSvXVhqWOÞzmÖ 9]}XVh9`¢a}`bÕmSV`b`Ò=`^Y\JmU`b[h9HKÕmh9`bS^Ö
A e*f 2 2 ñ b
! q kh9`Òq`
hqWwmL
HKJTS'JQëíîHK[Y#c W[V[tbH `^a HKO2XVJQRJmi9SY#c W[V[t`b[IÒ9n¯XDh*Hy[ÓqWSgWUL
`bXV`bSÇW[QÔJmcKcyJmÝj[ 7
]
c
c
"w
&`
]
w
c
"w
]
w
<
<
_
,
5
:
C
B
F,
"w
. (
/, QA
"w
'
¥PPg ±¥7 Db%&N#"2!#'2()
± ±&±Ã±6.±±Ã$"±±Ã±, ±±Ã2'±±Ã±, ±)±Ã±±
+
+ ± 7 $" 7 2' )
/ ±± DD ""#002)) "" 4 $'$'2#)) ))
3
5 ± ±±Ã±6 ±±Ã$"±±Ã± ±±Ã2'±±Ã± ±)±
± 0 $" - )
+ +(5 9
+ + ±9 2"#02) #"#4()D)
± ± ±Ã ±± ±Ã± ±Ã#"±±#±Ã0(±±Ã) ± ±"*±Ã0*±±Ã) ± ± ±Ã± ±Ã±#"±±Ã± ±Ã)D±) ±±Ã±
+ +8: 9
+(5& ±9 D #" ) " 2' )D) D "*0 ) $" ) ) " #' )D)
±± 46 2'2'#4- ) ) 4 2' 0 ) #' 0 )
+(5 + 9
+(5&/ 9
;eHKÕmi9SV`Çý ]p4O` m*WUÓ9cK`JQp[VXgWXD`vXVSgWO9[tHyXVHKJmOJQeëíî/]bkn2Ó9`
MPMÙA HKOsÒq`
XDÝÇ`b`bO 9Ö {WOq[a 6 zmÖ TÛ
¥PPg ±9¥P DbP& #"2%&#'2$)
± ±Ã ±±±Ã±±Ã&±±#"±Ã2±±Ã%±&±±Ã#'±±Ã±, ±)±
+9
5 + ± 0 #" 1 $' - )
±± DD "" 07 )) "*"*64 2'2'$)D)D))
5&/ 5&3 5 5 ±D " 7 ) "*0 ) "*0 $' ) )
±± DD " " 7 4 2'$'#202#) ) "* "$0 #'2'#20(#) )D )" " #'0 ##'4()D0 ) ) "$ #' 4 )D)
5 5&: 5 ±D D " #"0 *) 0. !$'# 4 #"2)D$) ) ) "2 2'2#)D) #" 4 #' 0 ) )
+(5& ± DD #" ) " #' ) ) " 0 ) 2" )D) " #' ) )
/+(5 ± DD &6!#" 4 #' 0 ) - #" - 2'2#) 4 2" 0 )D)
7 #"*4*)D) D "202) "*02) $" ) ) 4#" )D)
!4&#" ) " 7 ) .4&#" )D)D)
;eHKÕmi9SV>
` \ ]p4O`m*WUÓ9cK`JQp[VXgWXD`vXVSgWO9[tHyXVHKJmOJQeëíî/]bkn2Ó9`
MPMDM4ÙA HyOÒ=`bX7Ý`
`bOñzmÖ m{ 6)99Ö ~m~TÛ
XWSV`Y\hqWO9Õm`fa$XVh9`A¯wmWcKi9`XDhWXY\JmSVSV`
[VÓ=JmOqa2[XDJ$`^WmYth
Xn2Óq`HK[WfcK[VJ Y#hqWO9Õm`^apÖÉkh9i*[¯Wña2`
`bÓ`bS¯HKO9wm`
[VXVHyÕoWXVHyJmOÞHK[
O9`
`^a2`faÞÝHKXDhßSV`
[VÓ`^Y\XXDJÞXVh9`/Y\JmSVSV`
c WXVHyJmOßÒ`bXVÝÇ`b`bO Vj] X
WOqia A UJmSV`Ó9SV`^Y#Hy[t`bcKnoÖ
´+
? =Ï}57UÐ : & :
ú2HKOqY#`WsSV`bÝSVHKXVHyO*Õ&SVi*cy`Ó*SVJmUJTXV`b[¯WsSV`^WmY\XVHKJmO´]!HKXYbWOÞÒp`
SV`bÕoWSga2`faßWf[&WfO `bO9û
noU`oÖ v`bSV`ñÝ`&5` m}XV`bOa úßÝHKXDh
`bwJmcKi9XVHyJmOqWSVn¯U`^Y\hWfO*Hy[tUÿÜ `4Y
WcycK`^a¯XVh9`v[tno[tXD`
U `bO*`bXVH Y
úsÙ ú9ÛbÖ
'
KA
2
A
M
32
XA
#-O@PQ O Q
{ B:{RKGS&
XDSgWO9[tHyXVHKJmOsHyO Eëíî¯Hy[4WY#JTO*[VXVSViqY#X
?(ÿRÙ $J.31 . d .42 2 2 .
.1S.WV:.3X¬Û4.
Ýh9`
SV` ]
l
b
b
6
[VXV`
Ó [VXgWd 4 XD` d 4 d 4
9Ö , , d f .10 . .
zmÖ , , d .10 . Wd .
99Ö , , .10 . 4 .
~9Ö , , dd .10 . dNd fd .
|qÖ , , .10 :. d 4 .
{9Ö , , .10 d 4 . d .
ý9Ö , , .10 . .
ÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖ
\9Ö , , d .10 d f . fd .
ÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖ
z#-| \9Ö , , d .10 f 4 . f .
ÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖ
9
| 9 , , d .10 4 . .
ÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖKÖKÖyÖ
~ 9Ö , , .10 . .
;eHKÕmi9SV` ]´+O`5m*WUÓ*cy`JQp[VXgWXV`ÇXVSgWO9[VHKXVHKJTOJQpëí!î/]knoÓ9`
MÙ A UJmSV`XVhqWO 99Ö {mÛ
Ùtz
Û$ÿHy[vW[V`
XJQ'JmÒ t`fY\XVj[ 7
Ù 9mÛY1 HK[ W;U`bUÒ9SgWO9` [VXVSViqY#XDi*SV` ÙHKXCY
WfO Ò` Y#hqWO9Õm`^a
XVh9SVJmi9Õmh*JTi*X+WY\JmUÓ*i9XgWfXVHKJmOq4Û 7
ÙN~mÛ d .42 2 2 . .TWSV`Ui9cKXVHy[t`bXV[W[V[VJ9Y\HZWfXV`^a¢ÝHKXVhXVh9`SV`bÕmHKJmO9[
zm] 9}]´ÖyÖKÖ $JQ 1 7
ÙR|o?Û SÑHy[4W qO9HKXV`4[V`
XJQ'Ui9cKXVHy[t`bXÇ`bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmOSVi9cK`b[vJmwm`bUS $Ö
ÙN{m[Û V)Hy[vXVh9`XVh9SV`b[th9JmcZaJfQ'a2HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*ÕU`bUÒ*SgWO9` 7
ÙNým[Û X$HK[vXVh9`XVh9SV`b[Vh*Jmc aJQ'a2HKwoHZa2HKO9ÕU`bUÒ9SgWO*`jÖ
kh*`IÝ+W
n4JfQ¬WÓ9Ó9cKn2HyO*ÕvSV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9Õ+SVi9cK`b[^]XDh*`IÝ+W
n+JQ¬a2HK[V[VJmcKwmL
HKO9ÕWOqaa}Hyw2HZa2HKO9ÕWfOa¯HKO9Ó9i*XEWOqa¯Jmi9XVÓ9i*XWSV`vXVh9`v[\WfU`4W[
úWfOa Lú vÖ
Ü `/a2`
O9JmXV`/W[V`
XsJQ¯SV`fWmY\XVHyJmO SVi*cy`
[$W[
QRJmcycKJmÝj[ 7 W Ò Y
W ^ ^ ^
Ò ^ ^ ^
Y ^ ^ ^ ]
Ýh*`bSV>` ^ 4U`^WO*[XVh9`O9i*U¢Ò*`bSJQpY\JmUÓJmi9Oqa}[ Ýh9HZYVhWSV`
XVSgWO9[DQÔJmSVU`^aQRSVJTU qÖ ;JmSI5` m*WUÓ*cy`ok] 9 U`^WO*[W¯SV`bÝSVHKXPL
HKO9ÕSVi*cy`o/] 0=P ,/.N,qÖ+Ü `¢YbWcKceXVh9`XtWÒ9cK`¯WXVSgWO9[7QRJmSVUWXDHKJmO
XgWÒ9cK`jÖ
f
Ç
Ü h9`bOWU`bUÒ*SgWO9`Hy[
a}Hyw2HZa2`^ap]pXVh9``
O9ûbn2U`Ýh9HZYthñ HK[HKO9[VHZa2`XVh9`U`
U¢Ò*SgWO9`Hy[
ÓW[V[V`^a a2JÝOßXVJW O*`bÝ a2HKwoHZa2`^aßY#`bcKcÖC4XXVhqWXXVHKU`ÉW
ÓJmHKO9X4U¢i*XtWXVHKJTOÉJ}YbY#i9SV[4HKO/XDh*`¢`bO*ûbn2U`WOqa&HyX4HK[ÓqW[V[V`fa
a}JmÝOXVJXVh9`¢O*`bÝ Y\`
cycNÖvÜ h9`bO$WU`bUÒ*SgWO9`Hy[a2HK[V[VJmcKwo`fa
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
6
L
BG
XA
A
"
D
<
0
|
'
XVh9`v`bO*ûbn2U`Ýh*HZY\hHK[vHKO9[VHZa2`XVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO*`4cKJT[t`b[vHKXD[4WmYtL
XVHyw2HKXnoÖ ÓJTHKO9XvUi9XgWXDHKJmOsHy[WSV`bÝSVHKXDHKO9ÕJQIXVh9`O9i9UÒ9`
S
J>Q ^ }Ö&kh9i*[^]pHKXY\hWO9Õm`b[XDh*`O9i*U¢Ò9`
S¢JfQXVSgWO9[7QRJmSVUHyO*Õ
Y\JmUÓ9Jmi*Oqa2[XDJHNÖÜ `Wf[t[Vi9U`fa ^ E * .b:z .19 6oÖMPO/ ú
WOqa Lú ÿXDh*`&[Vn2[VXV`bU hqW^wm`&JmO9cKnJmO9`&SV`bÝSVHKXDHKO9ÕÞSVi9cK`j]
h9J
ÝÇ`bwm`
S^]oHyO ú=]m`^WmY\hU`bUÒ9SgWO*`4hqW[4W)[V`
XJQ'SVi9cK`b[fÖ
D
D
(
KA
A
2
XA
O P -
D5
<
Y{=R JD2EF
"
-
Üñ`¢ÝHKcyc'[th9JmÝC`m}Ó=`
SVHyU`
O2XtWc!SV`b[Vi*cKXD[JQ úpÖ}4X>qSV[VX^]
XVh9`QRJTcKcKJmÝHyO*Õ Eëí!î¯Ý+W[I[VHKUi9cZWXV`^ha 7
(
RÙ $
(
*-,e.N0. j6.31
(
*
6 J4
(
d
d
d
*-, 4 .N0 4 . 4 6.NSn. ZT ( * j6. V(
2e
| .WX?( 2 9mÛ4.
Ýh*`bSV`4XVh*`XVSgWO9[DQÔJmSVUWXVHyJmOsXgWfÒ*cK`Ù S4ÛHy[v[V`
X+W[vQRJTcKcKJfÝ[
HKOXVh9`HyO*HyXVHZWcp[VXgWXV`bj[ 7
W Ò Y
W
z
Ò z
Y
z
Ö
kh*`¢Ó9SVJ9a2iqY#XDHKw2HyXVnsJfQ+U`bU¢Ò*SgWO9`Y\JmUÓJTi*Oqa2[ /Hy[¢a2`#L
qO*`^aW[XVh*`ÇSgWXVHyJ+JQ¬XVh9`XDJmXgWcjO*i9UÒ9`bS'JQO*JmO2LNU`bUÒ*SgWO9`
Y\JmUÓ9Jmi*Oqa2[ÉXVJ Ò`Ó9SVJ9a2iqY#`^a XVJ XVh9` XVJTXgWc¢O*i9UÒ9`bSÉJQ
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`Y\JmUÓqJmi*Oqa2[vXVJÒ`Ó9SVJ}a}iqY\`fah7
vQÔXV`bS&z $[tXD`
Ó9[^]ÒJTXVhXDh*`&O9i9UÒ9`
S¯JQY#`bcKcy[WOqa XVh9`
[tHyû
`b[JfQY\`bcKcK[4HKOqY\SV`fWf[t`¢`5m9Ó=JmO9`bO2XVHZWcycKnoÖ';*i9SVXVh9`bSVUJmSV`o]*XVh9`
[tXDSViY\XVi9SV`JQIY\`bcKcK[vÒq`fY\JmU`b[4Y\JmUÓ9cKHZYbWXV`jUÖ ;eHyÕmi9SV`z ¯HycKcKi9[7L
XVSgWXV`b[ÇXVh*`Y\JmSVSV`bcZWXVHyJmOÒq`
XDÝÇ`b`
OXDh*`4O*i9UÒ9`bSÇJQ'Y\`bcKcK[^]oXVh9`
[tHyû
`¯JQ4Y#`bcKcy[¢WOqaÉXVh9`O9i9UÒ9`
SJQv[VXV`bÓ*[^]¬Ýh9`
SV``^WmYth a}JmX
Y#JTStSV`b[VÓJmOqa2[vXVJWY\`bcKcNÖ
2
A
1e+06
The state of a cell
a
ba
(
(a
p
0
0
50
100
Steps
150
200
eHKÕmi9SV`z ]'ú}XtWXV`XVSgWfO*[VHKXDHKJmOsJQ'XDh*`[Vn2[VXV`bU
;eHKÕmi9SV`zTz+HKcKcyi*[VXVSgWXD`
[vXDh*`4HKO9XV`bSVOWfcqO9Jqa2`b[JQeXVh9`Ýh*JTcK`
[tno[tXD`
U&ÖÉMQ+Ý`SV`bÕoWfSga 54W[¢XVh9`SVJoJmXWOqa/JmXVh9`bSY\`bcKcy[
W[HyO*XD`
SVOqWc¬O9J}a}`b[WOqacK`^Wwm`b[f]}ÝÇ`)Y
WfOsSV`
ÕoWfSga&XDh*`Ýh9Jmcy`
[tno[tXD`
UþW[¢WXVSV`b`oÖ¢MPOÉJTSga}`bSXDJHKOqa}HZYbWXD`XVh9`¯Y#JTUÓ*cK5` m}HKXVn
JQ!XVh9`4XVSV`b`o]oÝ`vi*[V`4XVh9`O2i9UÒ9`bSJfQ!HKO9XV`bSVOWfc}O*J*a}`b[IHKOXVh9`
XVSV`b`oÖ ;eHKÕmi9SV`zmzHKcKcyi*[VXVSgWXD`
[vXDhWfXvXVh9`O9i9UÒ9`
SJQHyO2XV`bSVOWfc
O*J}a2`
[HKOqY#SV`^W[V`b[v` m}ÓJmO9`bO*XDHZWcKcyn2]jW^QÔXV`bS¢z
{ [VXV`bÓ*[^Ö
;
|
Ü h9`bO ( CXVh9` `bO9û
noU` a2Jo`
[/O9JmX/Ó*SVJ*a2iY\` WfO*n
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`&Y\JmUÓqJmi*Oqa2[f]'Ýh9`bO %( zm]'HKXÓ*SVJ}a2iqY#`b[XDh*`
[gWU`ÉO*i9UÒ9`bSÉJQU`bUÒ9SgWO*`ÞY#JTUÓJmi9Oa2[ÉXVJ XVh9` O*JTO}L
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`Y\JmUÓJmi9Oqa}[^]'WOqa Ýh9`bO þzm]!HyX¯Ó*SVJ}a2iY\`b[
UJmSV`IU`bUÒ*SgWO9`vY\JmUÓJTi*Oqa2[IXVhWfO¯O9JmO}LNU`bUÒ9SgWO*`Y#JTUL
Ó9Jmi*Oqa2[^Ö ;eHKÕTi*SV`/üHKcKcyi*[VXVSgWXD`
[XVh9`ÉXVHKU`É[V`
SVHy`
[JQ¯Ó*SVJL
a2iY\XVHyw2HKXno]'Ýh*`bSV`XVh9`&w2`bSVXVHZYbWcÇjW m9Hy[HKcycKi9[tXDS\WfXV`b[XVh9`Ó9SVJL
a2iY\XVHyw2HKXno]}XVh9`h9JmSVHKûbJmO9XgWcejW m9Hy[4HKcKcKi9[VXVSgWXD`
[4XVh9`[VXV`bÓ9[WOqa
`^WmYDhña2JmXHK[¢WfO/`bO*ûbn2U`j]¬SV`b[tÓ=`^Y\XVHKwm`bcKnoÖMPX[Vh9JÝ[4XVhqWX)WX
qSV[tXWcKUJm[VX`bO*ûbn2U`b[`bwoJmcKwm`¢XVJ
zmÖ vJmÝ`
wm`bS^]¬W^QÔXV`bS
z [tXD`
Ó9[^]}XVh*`Ó*SVJ}a2iY\XVHyw2HKXDnJQ'XVh9``bO*ûbnoU`
[a}`^Y\SV`^W[t`jÖ
400000
^ D .
^ D l(
600000
200000
800000
The state of a cell
l
S
"'
Productivity of membrane compounds
The number of internal nodes
1400
An internal node
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
3.5
0
productivity
0
3
2.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
50
100
Steps
150
eHKÕmi9SV`¢ü ]I'SVJ}a}iqY\XVHKwoHKXVnJQ'`bO*ûbnoU`
[^Ö
;
200
100
Steps
150
200
eHyÕmi9SV`zmz:]!MPO9XV`bSVOWfc¬O*J}a2`b[vJQ'XVh9`¢Y\`
cyc
MPXHK[HyO*XD`
SV`b[VXVHKO9ÕXVhqWXÝh9`
O WY#`bcKc'ÕmSVJTÝ[HyO*XDJWh*Hy`
S7L
WSgY#h9HZYbWcY\`
cycN]}XVh9``bO9û
noU``bwjJTcKwm`
[ÇXVJW)cKJTÝ Ó9SVJ}a2iY\XVHyw2HKXDn
JmO*`jÖ
kh9`ñSV`^W[VJmO JQ¢XVh9HK[sÒ`bhWwoHKJmSY
WfO Ò`/Y\JmO*[VHZa2`bSV`^a W[
QRJmcycKJmÝj[ 7oXVh9``bO*ûbnoU`Ýh9Jm[V`Ó*SVJ}a2iqY#XDHKw2HyXVnHK[Çh9HKÕmh$WcyÝ+W^no[
[ti a=`bSV[!QRSVJTU Ui9XgWXVHyJmO9[f]fÒq`fYbWi9[V`HKXÓ9SVJmUJmXV`b['U`bUÒ9SgWO*`
a}Hyw2HK[VHKJTO¢XVh9i9[¬HyXeÕm`bO*`bSgWXD`
[eUJmSV`'Ui9XgWXDHKJmO9[pXVhqWO)cKJfÝ/Ó9SVJL
a}iqY\XVHKwoHKXVn$JmO9`b[^ÖMQÇ`
wo`
SVnñY\`bcKc'Hy[¢WOÞ`bcK`bU`
O9XgWSVn&Y\`
cycN]!WfO
;
2
50
`bO*ûbnoU`ÇhW
wm`XVJl2`b`bÓ¯Ó9SVJ9a2iqY#HyO*ÕU`
UÒ9SgWO9`vY\JmUÓ=Jmi9Oqa}[
WXW+h9HKÕmhSgWXV`jÖ vJfÝÇ`bwm`bSf]fÝh9`bO¯XVh9`vY\`bcKcoQÔJmSVU[I[tXDSViY\XVi9SV`j]
HKX´HK['O9JmXO9`fY\`b[t[gWSVn)JTO*`ÝHKXVhh9HKÕmh¯Ó9SVJ}a}iqY\XVHKwoHKXVnm]fÒq`fYbWi9[V`o]
HKOW[VXVSViqY#XDi*SV`^a$Y#`bcKc]qHQÇWO$HKO9[tH a}`¯Y\`bcKc'a2HK[V[VJmcKwo`
[^]}XVh9`Y\`bcKc
XVhqWX4HyOY\cKiqa2`
[XVh9`a}Hy[t[VJmcKwo`^aÉY\`bcKcIJmÒ*XtWHKO9[HKXD[¢U`
UÒ9SgWO9`
Y\JmUÓ9Jmi*Oqa2[fÖ
kh*`bSV`\QRJmSV`j]Ça}i9SVHKO9Õ`bw2Jmcyi*XDHKJmOßJQ¢WY\`bcKc4HKO9XVJWñ[VXVSViqYgL
XVi9SV`^asY#`bcKc]¬XVh9`Y\`
cyc!O9`
`^a2[¢Wh9HKÕmh$Ó*SVJ}a2iY\XVHyw2HKXDns`bO9û
noU`oÖ
vJ
Ý`
wm`bS^]!JmOqY\`&HKX¯`bw2Jmcyw`b[W$[VXVSViqY\XVi*SV`^aY#`bcKc]Eh9HKÕThßÓ*SVJfL
a2iY\XVHyw2HKXn`bO9û
noU`
[WSV`¢Ý`b`^a}`^aJmi9X^Övkh*Hy[Hy[XDh*`¢SVJmcK`¢JQ
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`b[HyOsXV`bSVU[vJQIY#JTUÓ*i9XgWXDHKJmO´Ö
'
'
O/#
:{
.N O JD2EF
"dO
Üñ`IWfXVXV`bUÓ*XD`fa4XDJ+Õm`bO*`bSgWXD`WÓ9SVJmÕmSgWU Ò9ni9[tHyO*ÕW úpÖ
MPO/XDh*` ú=]!W$Ó9SVJmÕmSgWU Y\JmSVSV`b[tÓqJmOa2[¯XVJ WO`bO9ûbn2U`j]
XVhmi*[ÇÝ`Ò9SV`b`^aWOs`bO9û
noU`Ýh9HZY\hsYbWO[VJmcyw2`W¯ÓqWSVXVH Y#i9cZWS
Ó9SVJmÒ*cy`bU&ÖÜ`WÓ9Ó*cyn/HyX¯XVJñW$[VHKUÓ9cK`Ó9SVJmÒ*cy`
U jæèqò\éå¾ç}-õ 7
YbWcZY\i9cZWXV`XDh*`sa}JTi*Ò9cK`woWcKi9`JQXVh9`O*i9UÒ9`bSJfGQ ,WOqXa 0
XVh9`bO¯[Vh*JmÝXVh9`4St`b[Vi9cKXÇWf[XVh9`vO9i*U¢Ò*`bSÇJQ 4Ù (F92Ù , I0#ÛVÛ#Ö
}^ ! MPO$JmSga2`
SXVJ[VJmcKwo`XVh9`Ó9SVJmÒ2L
cK`bU&]jW Eëí!î¯HK[4a2` qO9`fasWf[QÔJmcKcyJmÝ-[ 7
XVSgWO9[tHyXVHKJTO Eëí!î¢Hy[4WY\JmO9[VXVSViqY#X
(
YÙ $ (
*-,/.10. -6./1 (
*-, d . d 2 2 2 , d 4W4 . d 4 4j6. 54 (
f f
d
*-, , .N0 . 4 . 4 4 6. S4Û 2oMPOXVh9`HyO*HyXVHZWc[tXtWXV`j]qWfcKc¬XVSgWO9[7QRJTSVUW^L
XVHyJmOXgWÒ9cK`b[ SÿWSV`
W Ò Y
W
z
Ò z
Y
z
]
WOqaJmO9`h9i9Oa2SV`^a}[JQ`bcK`bU`bO*XtWSVnY#`bcKcy[WfSV`Wf[t[Vi9U`fasHKO2L
[VHZa2` 54mÖ!MPOsXVh9HK[ I]jO*JY\JmUÓJTi*Oqa}[+WSV`XVSgWO9[7QRJmSVU`^a
WUJmO9ÕY\`bcKcK[+WOaO9JHKO9Ó*i9X+WOqaJmi*XDÓ*i9XWSV`¢Wf[t[Vi9U`fa=Ö
Þ
!f kh9`IÝ+W^n+JfQ
a2HK[V[tJTcKw2HyO*ÕvWOqa¯a2HKw2H a}HyO*ÕWSV`ÇXVh9`[gWU`vW[eHKO Cú vÖ
vQÔXV`bS
OSV`bÝSVHKXVHKO9Õ[VXV`bÓ*[^]}HQeXVh9`O*i9UÒ`bSJfQ vHy[[VUWcKcy`
SXVhqW[O \}]
XVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO9`HK[a}Hy[t[VJmcKwo`^aWOqaXVh9`&`bO*ûbn2U`ÉHyO*[VHZa2`&HKX
cKJT[t`b[IHKXV[+WmY#XDHKw2HyXVno]QÔJmSv5` mqWfUÓ*cy`o]
2
2
XA
a
:
A
/0
a
dR
&9
l
a
ba
20A
U
,
XA
_a
,%:,
.10 .a . , DY,
d
.N0 .ba . D_P
, ,
.10 .a .k2
a
'
a
ba
d
.10 .a .
P
, ,
f
f 4
f f 4
.10 . a . , D , N. 0 .ba .
a
+
+
'
2
a
-,
K
6
* 6,
(
D
'
+
XA
9
a
a
$
a
ba a
a
?a a
a ba
ba a
a
a a
ba a
a
a a
ba a
a a
a
a a
a a
a a
a
MPOXVh9`ÉWÒqJmwm``5m*WUÓ*cy`o]XDh*`O9i*U¢Ò*`bSJQ HKO9[tH a}`sXVh*`
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9` Hy[[VUWcKcy`
SÇXVhqWO \9]o[VJXVh9`U`bUÒ9SgWO*`vHy[va2HK[7L
[VJmcKw`^a=Ö
vQRXD`
SOÉSV`bÝSVHyXVHKO9Õ[tXD`
Ó9[^]qHQIXVh9`O9i*UÒ`bS4JQ HK[4cZWSVÕm`bS
XVhqWOü}]oXVh9`+U`bUÒ9SgWO9`HK[Ça2HKwoHZa2`faWOqaW)ÓqJmHKO9XUi*XtWXVHKJTO
XgWlf`
[IÓ9cZWmY\`vHKOHyXV[`bO9û
noU`jÖ ;*i9SVXVh*`bSVUJmSV`j]jWO9`
Ý `bO9û
noU`
HK[ÓW[V[V`^aa2JmÝOXVJW)O9`
ÝCY\`bcKcNÖ!Ü h9`
OWY\`
cycpa}Hyw2H a}`^a=]9XDh*`
HKO9[VHZa2`Ui9cKXVHy[t`bf X¢Jff Q+XD4h*`sa}Hyw2H a}`^aÞY#`bcycvWOaÞHKXD[ÓqWSV`bO9X¯Y\`bcKc
WSV`[V`bX¯XVCJ *-, .N0 . 6&WÕoWHyOe]'[VJñXVh9`
nXVSVn XVJñ[VJmcKwo`XDh*`
Ó9SVJmÒ*cy`bUWÕoWHyOeÖ'kh9`SV`b[ti9cKXV[ÇHKLO ]
, ,
MPO XDh*`&`5mqWfUÓ*cy`o]Òq`fYbWi9[t`ÉXVh9`&O9i9UÒ9`
SJQ HKO9[tH a}`ÉXVh9`
U`
UÒ9SgWO9` Hy[¢cZWSVÕm`bS¯XVhqWOü9]!XVh9`U`
UÒ9SgWO9` Hy[¯a}HÃL
w2HZa2`^a WOqa WÞO9`bÝþU`bUÒ9SgWO*` `bU`
SVÕm`b[^Ökh*`bOÑY\JmUL
ÓJmi9Oa2[Ýf h9HZf Yth&4 WSV`HKO9[VHZa2`ÒqJmXVh$U`
UÒ9SgWO9`b[ WfOa WSV`
[t`bXXVJ *-, .10 . 6oÖpMPO¯XVh9HK[ ú=]
Y\`bcKcK[EY#JTO*XVHyO2i9`'XVJ[tJTcKw2`
XVh9`Ó*SVJmÒ9cK`bU&Ö
' }^ '
kh9` XDO*`b[V['JQWO¯`bO9û
noU`
HK[Ça}5` qO9`faW[IXVh9`vO*i9UÒ9`bSIJQp[VXV`
Ó9[ÇXVJ)SV`^WmY\h¯XVh9`v[VJmcKi9XVHKJTOeÖ
Gni9[VHKO9ÕXVh*Hy[ qXVO9`b[t[^]oÕmJoJ*a`bO*ûbn2U`b[WSV`XDh*`bSV`vXVhqWXYbWO
[tJmcyw2`&XDh*`ÉÓ9SVJmÒ*cy`bU ÝHKXVh9HKOCWÞ[VUWcKcK`bSO9i*U¢Ò9`
SJQ¢[VXV`bÓ*[
XVhqWOsXVh9`JmXVh9`bSV[4WSV`[V`
cy`fY\XV`^a=Ö
o p
9 ¾ +'X qSV[VX^]'Wcyc`bO*ûbn2U`b[¯WSV`[V`
X
XVJq]
,
P
0]
0
P
]
P
,qÖ
vQÔXV`bS¢{ SV`
ÝSVHyXVHKO9Õ[tXD`
Ó9[^]´XVh9``bO*ûbnoU`
[XVhWfXSV`fWmY\h
XVh9`[tJTcKi9XVHKJmOsÝHyXVh9HKO [tXD`
Ó9[vWfSV`[t`bcK`^Y\XV`^ha 7
,
P
,/. T]
,
P
,/.N0-. . T]
0
P
,e.N0-. . ]
0
P
,/.10. . ]
P
. 7
P
. 7
,
P
,e. . T]
0
P
0]
P
. Ö
uv[VHKO9ÕÞXDh*`b[V`&SVi*cy`
[^]vYbWcZY\i9cZWXDHKJmO9[Óq`
S7QÔJmSVU`^aßWÕoWHyO HyO
[tiqY\hWÝW^n+XVhqWX=XVh9`'`bO*ûbn2U`b[pXDhWX!Y
WfO[tJTcKw2`eXVh9`'Ó*SVJTÒ*cy`
U
ÝHKXVh9HKOñ{[tXD`
Ó9[WSV`¢[t`bcK`^Y\XV`^apÖvkh9`
O´]¬XVh9`bSV`SV`bUWHKO9[4JmO9cKn
JmO*``
O9ûbn2U` 7
,
P
,e. . T]
0
P
. ]
P
. Ö
HKXHK[4W[tJmcyi*XDHKJmOsJQeXVh9HK[v[VHKUi9cZWXDHKJmO´Ö!MPOQWmY\X+W¯[VJmcKi9XVHyJmOsJQ
XVh9HK[vÓ9SVJmÒ*cy`
U HK[
,
P
. ]
0
P
. ]
P
7
kh*i9['XDh*`v[Vi*SVwoHKwo`fa)`
O9ûbn2U`v`bw2Jmcywj`^a¢XDJW[VHyUHycZWSE`
O9ûbn2U`
HKOsXVh9`[VJmcKi9XVHKJTOeÖ
Gnñi9[tHyO*Õ&XVh*Hy[¢U`
XDh*J}a=]´Ý`¯hWfwj`WXVXV`bUÓ9XV`^a/XVJ$XVSV`^WX
XVh9`[Vn2[VXV`bUöW[WOWSVXVbH =Y\HZWcIcKHyw2HKO9Õñ[Vn2[VXV`bU JQY#JmUÓ9i9XgW^L
XVHKJmO´Ö&MPOXVh9`QÔi*XDi*SV`Ý`Ó9cZWOÞXVJ Y\SV`^WXV`W úñW[¯WO
WSVXV8H ¬Y\HZWcIcKHKwoHKO9Õ$[Vn2[VXV`bU JQ4Y\JmUÓ9i*XtWXVHKJTO XDhWfX¢YbWOÞ[VJmcKwo`
UJmSV`vY\JmUÓ9cKHZYbWXV`^a¢Ó9SVJmÒ9cK`bU[^Ö!MPO¢[ViqY\h¯W+[Vn2[VXV`bU&]mHyO¯JmSga2`
S
XVJJmÒ*XtWHKOÞXVh9`SV`b[Vi*cyX^]pÝ`JmÒ9[V`bSVw2`¢XVh9`
HySJmi9XVÓ9i9XÙÒq`
hqWwmL
HKJmSV[gÛÇWOqaY\hqWO*ÕT`+XDh*`)Y#JmOqa2HKXVHyJmOe]2a}JO9JmXÇ[VXVJmÓXVh9`
HySvY\JmUL
Ó*i9XgWXDHKJmO9[fÖ4MPOÉJmXDh*`bS4ÝJmSga2[^]9Ý`[tXD`
`bSXVh*`bU HKO$XVh9`¢SVHKÕmh9X
a}HySV`fY\XVHyJmO¯Ò9n+i*[VHKO9ÕXVh9`[V`
cy`fY\XVHyJmO¯WfOa)Ui*XgWfXVHKJmO´]fWfOa)cK`^Wma
XVh9`
U XVJJmi9S4[V`
XDXVcK`^asÕmJoWcNÖÜ `Òq`
cyHK`bw2`4XVh*Hy[4U`bXVh9J}a$Y
WO
WÓ*Ó9cKnXVJa2`
[VHKÕTO$WSVXV8H ¬Y\HZWcpcKHyw2HyO*ÕXVh9HKO9Õm[v[ViqY#hW[vSVJmÒqJmXV[^Ö
a
2
XA
n
5D02Ð=1+02025D8E?
p6 p?4Ð p0
;JmOmXgWOqW9]
ÜÿÖfWOqaT<IÖ Ü Ö^Gi9[t[^]okh9`ÇWSVSVHKwoWcTJQ*XVh9` qXVXV`b[VXj]
kEJ
ÝWfSgaÉWXVh9`bJmSVn$JQÒ9HKJmcyJmÕmHZYbWc'JmSVÕjWO9HKû^WXVHKJTOeÖnè}éZéKágäNå¾ç
æ ÷ â^ä á\ðâ^äNåRãbâéeåRæé ægõï+{mý ]pz ý|qÖpz
üTü|qÖ
GI`
SVSVHyOe] ÖvWfOa ÖvGJmiqa2JmcN]Úkh9`/Y\h*`bUHZYbWcWfÒ*[VXVSgWmY\X
UWmY\h9HKO9`oÖ ábæàtágäNåRãgâé!íÇæfð èjäDá#àîpã#åá\ç¬ãgáÇüTý ]k99z \ 9f| 9Ö
WO9XVHN]Ik)ÖK] 4SVÕoWO9HKû^WXVHKJTO JQ¢Y\h9`bUH YbWc+SV`^WmY\XVHyJmO*[HKO9XVJ
a2HKwoHZa2HKO9ÕÚWOqaBU`
XtWÒJmcyHKûbHKO9Õ i9O*HyXVj[ ] XVh9` Y#h9`bUJmXVJmO9[^Ö
åRæ^ê#ï^êgäDá#ð¢ê \ ]pz mü z
üm{9Ö
vH Y\JmcKHK[^] ÖeWOqa/M#Öp'SVHKÕmJmÕTHKO9`oÖIz
ü mü}Ö 5éKæà\åZç}õ íæTð éKá å äNï që)
ç #ç}äPà\jæ èqãgäNåRæç*ÖTú*WfiO ;*SgWOqY\HK[gY#kJ ];¬SV`b`bUWO)WOqa
ÇJmUÓqWO9nmÖ
W i*O´] ÖK] ÇJTUÓ*i9XVHKO9ÕÝHyXVh$_s`
UÒ9SgWO9`b[f] =è2Nà èÉíá#ç äDá#à ^æà4íÇæð èjäVá\àEîpã#åRá#ç¬ã#á Eí!î =ágã ç*åRãgâéó4á *æàtä )æ Ù[Vi*Ò9UHKXDXV`^ap]*Wcy[tJJmOsh9XVXD\Ó ] ÝÝÝ)Ö XDiY\[^Ö ¬Û
W i*O´] ÖK]/ ú}no[tXD`
U[¯ÝHKXDh Y#XDHKw2`_s`bUÒ9SgWO9`
j[ ]+X7L
XgWTY#loHKO9Õ
4
ÇJmUÓ9cK`bXV`¯'SVJmÒ9cK`bU[^]&íÇá#ç}äDá\à æà å ê^ã\àgágäDá)÷/â^ä á#ðâ^Yä åRãgê¯âç ágæàtágäNåãgâé!íæð èoäDá#àîpã\åá#ç¬ã#á¯í 4÷ Çí!kî ÙPWfcK[VJJmOh*XVXD\Ó ] ÝÝÝ)Ö Y#[^Ö WiqY7l2cZWfOa=Ö WmYTÖ O9!û r_sk ú*Û ú2i*ûbi9l2HN]pxÖ'WOqa )Ö!kWOWflW9Ö Sga2`bSÓqWSgWU`bXV`bS¢QRJTSW
ú2n2UÒ9JmcKH Y h*`bUHZYbWcú2no[tXV`bU&]ëàtäNå ìã#åRâé "!å $á #4]yz
~ ^L
z
~Tü9]q_sMPkCÓ*SV`b[V[fÖ
ú2i9û
i9loHN]qxÖ¬ú=ÖK]¬k[Vi9UJmXVJWOqa ¢Ö¬kEWOqWlmW}Ö+4OqWcyn2[VHK[4JQ
Çn}Y#cy`
[HKOßú2n2UÒ9JmcyHZY Çh9`
UH Y
Wfcú2n2[VXV`bUöÒqW[t`^aJmOß+Ò}L
[VXVSgWmY\X+d`bÝSVHKXDHKO9Õú2n2[VXV`bUÚJmO$_si9cKXVHy[t`bXV[^]ë)àtäNå ìã\åâé "!å á
#L]*:{ 9:9^L7:{ 9 9Ö*_&MPk Ó9SV`
[V[^Ö
kWOqWlfW9] ¢ÖK] ;ÇÖTd`bO´]oú=Ö 4ÕmHK[Vh9HKUW9] 'w2Jmcyi*XDHKJmOqWSVn+OWfcL
no[tHy[!Jf=Q 4HySVi*[GWf[t`^aJmO)MPO*h9JmUJmÕm`bO9`bJmi*[_$WSVl2J
w_sJ}a}`bcN]
MDú9_$&G % üTü9]9ÓÞz\| 9]¬z
üTümü9Ö
kh9`WÒ=Jfwm` ú2`b[4Y#JTSVSt`b[VÓJmOqasXVJWY\cZWf[t[4JQÇ [Vn2[VXV`bU[f]
W)ÓqWSgWcKcy`
cpUJmcy`fY\i9cZWS+Y#JmUÓ9i9XVHKO9ÕUJ9a2`bc´Ó9SVJmÓqJm[t`^aÒ9n Ö
W i9OpÙN'Wi9O z
ümüTÛXDhWX¯Hy[ÒWf[t`^aJmOXVh9`&Ó*SVJ}Y\`b[t[VHKO9Õ JQ
Ui*cyXVHK[V`bXV[¢JQvJmÒ g`^Y\XV[¢HKOY\`
cycLNcKHKlo`U`
UÒ9SgWO9`[VXVSViqY\XVi*SV`b[^Ö
[Vn2[VXV`bU Hy[ÇWUi9cKXVHK[V`bXXVSgWO9[DQÔJmSVUWXDHKJmO[Vn2[VXV`bU&Ö vJmÝÇL
`bw`bS^]fHKXHK[Ça28H a=`bSV`
O2XeQÔSVJmU ÙNG`bSVSVHKOszbüm:ü 9mÛb]T[VHKOqY#`ÇHKXHKOqY\cKiqa}`b[
W×
ðá#ðò#àtâç¬áPØHKO)HKXV[Y\JmUÓ9i*XDHKO9ÕU`^YthqWO9HK[VU&Ö´MPO)XVh9`[Vno[DL
XV`bU ã#á#éKé êWSV`[VXVSViqY#XDi*SV`^a/cKHKlo`cKHyw2HyO*ÕÉY#`bcKcy[fÖkh*`[Vn2[VXV`bU
HKXD[t`bcQ4HK[sY#JTUÓJm[V`faJQ[V`bw2`bSgWcvY\`bcKcK[XVhqWXsWSV`$a}`bcKHyUHKXV`^a
QÔSVJmU XVh9`O9`
HyÕmh*Ò9JmSVHyO*ÕY\`
cycK[^Ö
kh*`Y\JmUÓ*i9XVHyO*ÕÓqJmÝÇ`bSÇJQÇ [Vn2[VXV`bU[vHK[4` jiqWcpXVJXDhWX
JQWkEi9SVHKO9ÕUWTY#h9HKO9`j]TW[IÓ*SVJmwm`^a¢HyO&ÙN'Wi9Oszbümü mÛb]2WOaWO
WcyÕmJmSVHKXVh9U XDJY\JmUÓ9i*XD`XVh9`¢ú}Ek Ó*SVJTÒ*cy`
U HKOscKHyO*`^WSXVHKU`
ÙPeWi9OCz
ümümümÛ¢Ý+Wf[Ó9SVJmÓJm[V`^apÖ ÇWSVHyJmi*[ÿ[Vn2[VXV`bU[hWfw`
Wcy[tJÒp`b`bOÓ9SVJmÓ=Jm[V`^aWOqaXVh9`bHKSvUWfXVh*`bUWXDHZYbWcpÓ*SVJmÓq`
SVXDHK`b[
hqW#wj`Ò=`b`bOHKO9wm`b[tXDHKÕoWXD`fa=Ö 4OßXVh9`&Y\JmUÓ9i*XDHKO9ÕñÓ=JÝ`
S)JQ
ú2`b[!XVhqWXEWSV`ÇXVSV`^WXV`^a¢HKOXVh9HK['ÓqWÓ`bSEW['JmÓ`bO¯Ó9SVJmÒ9cK`bU[^Ö
/8E?4Ð 71402578I?
MPX4Hy[JmÒ9w2HyJmi*[XVhqWXcKHKwoHKO9Õ$[Vn2[VXV`bU[O9`bw2`bSa}JÉY
WfcZY\i*c WXVHKJTO
JmO9cKnñÒ*nñi9[tHyO*Õ ¬á\çÉWOqXa *â *á#à\Ökh2i9[^]EHÃQÝ`sY#JTi*c aWÒ2L
[VXVSgWmY\X¢ãbæfð èjäDâ^äNåæç¯HKO$XV`
SVU[4JQIcKHyw2HKO9Õ[Vn2[VXV`bU[a}JXDh*`bO
ÝE`UHyÕmh9XÇJmÒ*XtWHKO$WO*`bÝCY\JmUÓ9i*XtWXVHKJmOqWcpÝJmSVc apÖ
ÜÞ`hW
wm`O*JTXvQRJTi*OqasXVh*`¢O9`bÝÑÝJmSVcZano`
X
]qh9JÝ`
wm`bS^]}Ý`
hqW#wj`¯WcySV`fWTa}n$JmÒ9XgWfHKO9`fa$[tJmU` å¾ç}äRê+XVh9SVJmi9Õmh9Jmi*XXDh*`JTÒ}L
[V`
SVwfWXVHyJmO9['JmOcKHyw2HKO9Õ)[Vno[tXD`
U[^]m[ViqY\hW[¢×DÓqWSgWcKcy`
cyHK[VUØWOa
×DU`bUÒ*SgWO9`b[^Ö ØñMPOsW)cyHKw2HyO*Õ[Vno[tXV`bU&]o`bw2`bSVnY#`bcycpWOqa`bw2`bSVn
JmSVÕoWfOHK[WTY#XDHKO9ÕÞHKO ÓWSgWfcKcK`bc4WOaXVh*`bn WSV`ÉY\JmO9[VHK[VXV`^a JQ
U`bU)Ò9SgWO9`b[fÖ
kJHyUÓ*cy`
U`bO9XpJTi*Se[Vn2[VXV`bU JmOWÓqWSgWcKcy`
c2Y\JmUÓ*i9XV`bSEWOa
HKOmwm`
[VXVHyÕoWXVHyO*ÕñHyXV[UWXVh9`bUWXVHZYbWcvÓ9SVJmÓ`bSVXVHK`b[WSV`sJmi*S¢QÔi}L
XVi9SV`ÝJmSVl¬Ö)Ü `¢5` m9Ó`^Y\XXVhqWXXVh*`b[V`[VXViqa}Hy`b[cK`^WmaÉi9[4XVJ&W
O9`
Ý Y#JTUÓ*i9XVHKO9ÕÓWSgWTa}HyÕmUÚÝh9HZY\hÕTJ2`b[ÇÒp`bnmJmOqaXDh*`kEi9S7L
HKO9Õ_$WmY\h9HKO9`oÖ
Ðq>?4
8 3p@ $ ´?IÏ
Üñ`XDhWO9lQRJTSvQRSVi9HKX7QÔi9c'a2HK[gY#i9[V[tHyJmO9[vÝHKXVhñr+S^Övú}XD`
`bO$dvW[7L
Ui*[V[V`bOe]}SVJQtÖIr+S^Ö'Ü Ö}GÇWO9ûfW
QEÕjWwm`i9[vHKUÓqJmSVXgWO9XY\JmUL
U`bOjXV[WOqa¢`bOqY#Jmi9SgWÕT`fa¢i9[^]mcyJmO9Õ)a2HK[gY\i*[V[VHKJmO9['ÝHyXVhÖfr+HKX7L
XVSVH YDhÝ`
SV`i*[V`\QRi9cNÖ ;*`bSga2HKOqWOqa'`bÓ9Ó*`bSWOqaßú _s SV`#L
[V`fWfSgYDhsÕmSVJTi*Ó/ÕjW^wm`i9[4HKUÓ=JmSVXgWO2X+[ti9ÕmÕm`b[VXVHKJTO*[^Ö++OasXVh9`
Wi9XVh9JmSV[pÝJmi9cZa4cyHKl2`IXVJv` m}Ó*SV`b[V['UWO9n+XVhqWO*lo['XVJ4r+SfÖ h9`\L
JmSVÕmh9` W i9O QÔJmS¢h9HK[¯i*[V`\QRi9cÇY#JTUU`
O9XV[^]!a2HK[gY\i*[V[VHKJmO9[WOa
UWXVh9`bUWXVH Y
WcSV` qO9`
U`bO9XV[^ÖEkh9HK[4SV`b[V`fWSgYVhsHK[v[Vi*Ó9ÓJmSVXD`fa
Òjn SgWO9XV[DLNHyOÉ+HZa&QÔJmS¢ú9Y\HK`bO9XV8H ¬Yd`
[V`^WSgY\h/JqÖKzmz TN~ \ m{
QÔSVJmU XVh9`_&HyO*Hy[tXVSVn$JfQ Ea}iqYbWXVHKJTOe]eú*Y\Hy`
OqY\`WOa Çi*cyXVi9SV`
HKO2WÓqWO´Ö
XA
2
,
'
"w
`
A
`
2
2
3A
5< C
v
2
2
v
2
`
v
2
A
2
&A
2
A
A
'
KA
Z`
3A
'
A
A
'
,`
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz