Module 2 Handouts and Resources

Transition Outreach Training for
Adult Living (TOTAL) Project
Handouts, Reading
and Resources
for
TOTAL Module 2:
Person-Centered Planning
Person-Centered
Transition Planning
Lifestyles of Inclusion
and Personal Autonomy
Transition Outreach Training for Adult Living
Sue Walter, Training and T/A Coordinator
[email protected] or 618-651-9028
Circle of Support Map
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
2
Community Presence Map
HOME
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
3
PREFERENCES
THINGS THAT “WORK”
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THINGS THAT “DON’T WORK”
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•
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Training for Adult Living
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GIFTS AND CAPACITIES LIST
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Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Desired Future
Lifestyle
Where will this person live?
What will the person do during the day and where will
he/she do it?
What will the person do for fun and recreation?
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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ACTION STEPS AND RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
“Activities”
“Who”
NECESSARY CHANGES IN SERVICE DELIVERY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Person-Centered
Planning
• Person Profile
• Lifestyle Planning
• Action Steps/Responsible
Parties
• Necessary Systems Change
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Personal Profile
• #1 Circle of Support Map
• #2 Community Presence Map
• #3 Preferences List
• #4 Gifts and Capacities List
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Personal Profile #1
• Circle of Support Map
– Identify important
relationships
– People to invite
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Circle of Support Map
School
Jim Mr.
Mr.
Mayes Staff McDonald
Penny
Christine
School
Connie
Bill
Carl
Clay
Shane
Lonnie
Mr.
Kurtz
Will F.
dentist
Parent
Group
Special
Olympics
Matt
Anita
Pat
Sam H.
Candy
Gary
Linda
Mr.
Lester
Joe
Jan
Stacy
Mom
Sharon
Lacy
Grandma
Mark
Jean
Betty
Tim
Kamisha
Janelle
Halley
Sara
Jenny
Uncle
John
Aunt
Jane
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
Barb &
others
Will D.
11
Personal Profile - #2
• Community Presence Map
– Where do I go?
– Frequency and variety
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Community
Presence Map
Four
Wheeling
Archery
Center
2x/mo
2
3x/wk
Bike
Riding
1x/mo
Carbondale
Shopping
1-
2x
2x/mo
r
/y
Grandma’s
1x/wk
5x/wk
Fishing
HOME
Very often
School ½ Day
Cafeteria
1x/mo
Vacation
1x/yr
1x/mo
2x/yr
Special
Olympics
Aunt Millie
Shopping/Movie
Parent
Group
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Personal Profile #3
• Preferences
– Things that work
– Things that don’t work
– Most important preferences
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Training for Adult Living
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Joe’s Preferences
PREFERENCES
THINGS THAT “WORK”
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•
Fishing
Watching TV late
Listening to headphones
Nintendo
Stereo
Shopping
Riding bike
Playing basketball
Four-wheeling
Outdoors
Work/money
Loading the dishwasher
at work
Freezer work
THINGS THAT “DON’T WORK”
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•
•
•
•
•
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•
•
Brushing his teeth
Putting rubber bands on his
braces
Working the window at the
cafeteria
Cleaning the house or his
room
Indoors
People with bad attitudes
Bullies
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Personal Profile - #4
• Gifts and Capacities List
– What parents say when they
brag
– Strengths
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Joe’s Gifts
GIFTS AND CAPACITIES LIST
Joe is:
☞ A good worker
☞ Friendly
☞ Consistent
☞ Neat/Clean
☞ Very Responsible
☞ Fun
☞ Helpful
☞ Honest
☞ Caring
☞ Always on time
☞
☞
☞
☞
☞
☞
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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A Challenging Vision
of the Future
• Recognizing that one can have a
disability and also have an
“enviable” life.
• “Vision over visibility. Having a
vision is not just planning for a
future we already know how to
get to. It is daring to dream
about what is possible.” (Janet
Vohs, parent)
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Lifestyle Planning
• Challenging vision of the future
– Desired living situation
– Desired work
– Desired leisure/recreation
• “Dare to dream”
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Where will Joe live?
Joe plans on living with his
parents after graduation. In
the long term he would like to
live in a suburban area. He
would like to live in a house
rather than an apartment.
He would also like to have a
roommate, rather than living
alone. Public transportation
would need to be available.
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
20
What will Joe do for work?
Joe would like to have a
job working as a janitor,
maybe in a school.
He
would
prefer
working
evenings.
The ideal job
would be working with
others, indoors, and he
would be able to wear
headphones.
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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What will Joe do for fun?
Joe expects to continue fishing
often. He would like to participate in
archery and other sports, like
basketball in the future. He wants to
go to hockey games and baseball
games occasionally. He also wants to
continue collecting baseball cards.
Joe would like to do some of these
activities with friends from school
and new friends he might meet,
possibly at work. He wants to make
new friends at the archery center.
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
22
Action Steps/
Responsible Parties
• “Activities” and “Who”
• Initial steps to future
• Consider natural, generic,
then formal
• Volunteer responsibility
• Whenever possible, student
responsibility or coresponsibility
• Ensure early success
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Joe’s Action Steps
ACTION STEPS AND
RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
“Activities”
Attend IEP/Transition
Planning Meeting
Self-direct at least a
part of the
IEP/Transition
Planning Meeting
“Who”
Joe. Mom, Dad
Joe
Take Driver’s
Education Class
Mr. Mayes, Joe
Invite ORS
Representative to
Meeting
Mr. Mayes, Joe
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Necessary Systems
Change
• Changes in the current system
– Make the dream possible
– Giving the customers what
they want
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
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Changes for Joe’s
Success
Necessary Changes in Service System
• Families should be given better
explanation of available services
(the earlier the better)
• Affordable health care
• Families and students should have
the opportunity to do personcentered planning and students
should be able to lead their
IEP/transition planning meetings
•
•
Transtion Outreach
Training for Adult Living
26
ALL ABOUT ME!
Things about myself that
will help me know what
I want to do and how to
plan for my best
possible future.
Who am I?
Answer these questions yourself or
have someone write for you. (Friend,
Teacher, Family Member)
What are some great things about me?
What do I do well? What am I proud of?
Adapted from “Transition Plans Guide to the Future” California
Department of Education, 1996. Adapted by Sue Walter.
1
ALL ABOUT ME!
What things do I like to do? Around town? At home? For fun?
Hobbies?
Sports?
Do I belong to any clubs or school groups ? What are they?
What makes me happy?
What makes me mad or sad or frustrated?
2
ALL ABOUT ME!
What am I doing now? Going to school?
Hobbies?
Working? Sports?
(If you are not working, please go on to question #9.)
How’s My Job?
YES NO
Is it the kind of job I like?
___
Are the hours and days OK?
___ ___
Do I get the support I need?
___ ___
Does the pay cover my bills?
___ ___
Do I get benefits?
___ ___
___
How do I get along with people at work?
__great
Do I want a job or a different
job than I have right now?
__okay __ not very well
When I think about my job (check the one
that shows how I feel most of the time):
____ I’m glad I got it
What kind of jobs have you had?
(If working or a different job
are not important to you right
now, go to #12)
Do I need help in getting a job?
Or keeping a job? (Yes or No)
____ It’s OK that I got it
Am I looking for my first job?
____ I’m sorry I got it
Does it take me a long time to
learn a job?
What kind of jobs or careers
interest me?
Doe I get Social Security
benefits?
Do I need support in using money
or getting to work?
Do I need any special training or
work experience?
(If you answered yes to any of these
questions you could use some support in
getting and keeping a job.)
3
ALL ABOUT ME!
How do I live now?
Alone?
___
With a roommate
___
With my parents?
___
With other relatives?
___
What are the best things
about where I live now?
In a home with a group? ___
Other?
___
What are the biggest
challenges of where I live
now?
What kind of supports do I
need where I live right now?
Where would I like to live when I am an adult? Will I need
the same kinds of supports as I do know? Or different?
4
ALL ABOUT ME!
What are my dreams and
hopes for the future?
All things possible, what
do I see myself doing in
3 – 5 years?
What worries me about the
future? What worries or
scares the people around me
(parent, close friends)?
What support will I need to
get where I want to be?
5
UNDERSTANDING LEARNING STYLES
Teachers: For this exercise, students should survey an adult, a peer with or without
disabilities and themselves. If your students have difficulty with paper and pencil activities,
you may read the list out loud as they check off the appropriate boxes. Please discuss your
students’ learning styles once they have completed their surveys.
Students: This two page activity will help you understand and talk about learning styles. This
will be important when you want to tell teachers and employers about how you can do your
best job. There are three boxes after each learning style. The first column of boxes is for
the answers of an adult; the second for the responses of other students; and, the third is for
your answers. Think about how your style affects you.
Factors
Learning Styles:
Responses
Adult
Student
Self
Noise
Works best in ƒ absolute silence
ƒ a quiet room
ƒ with music playing
ƒ with others talking
…
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…
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Distractions
Can work with ƒ visual distractions (objects, etc)
ƒ near a window
ƒ with people moving around
ƒ with your desk or table clear
…
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Physical
Surroundings
Works best
ƒ sitting up in a straight chair
…
ƒ an easy chair
…
ƒ on the floor
…
ƒ prefers a desk or table for writing …
ƒ can work anywhere al all
…
ƒ works best if it is warm
…
ƒ works best if it is cool
…
ƒ works best where you can eat/drink …
ƒ likes to move around while working …
…
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TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 4
1
Understanding Learning Styles Continued
Factors
Learning Styles:
Responses
Adult
Time of day
Attention span
Closure
Works best
Student
Self
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ƒ finish a task once it is started
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ƒ can stop working at any point in task…
ƒ likes to take breaks in the middle …
of tasks
ƒ have to stop before finished
…
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…
…
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…
…
ƒ fast worker
ƒ slow worker
ƒ spends most of time planning
ƒ spends most of time doing the task
ƒ spends most of time checking work
ƒ in the early morning
ƒ midmorning
ƒ midday
ƒ afternoon
ƒ evening
ƒ late at night
Is able to focus ƒ only a few minutes
ƒ half an hour
ƒ for long periods of time
ƒ until the work is done
ƒ settles back to work right after
a break
Wants to
Rate
Is a
…
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Other learners
Likes to work ƒ alone
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ƒ with small groups in teams
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ƒ with large groups, i.e., entire class …
ƒ with other students about same age …
ƒ with adults
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TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 4
TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 4
2
Understanding Learning Styles Continued
Factors
Learning Styles:
Responses
Adult
Structure
Presentation Mode
Response Mode
Reinforcement
Is most at ease ƒ when task requirements are detailed…
ƒ when s/he can make some choices
…
ƒ when s/he has complete freedom
…
Student
Self
…
…
…
…
…
…
In learning something new would rather
ƒ read about it
ƒ hear someone talk about it
ƒ see it in a picture
ƒ watch a film or videotape
ƒ listen to an audiotape
ƒ watch someone demonstrate it
ƒ try it yourself
ƒ try explaining it to someone else
…
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Likes to show what s/he has learned by
ƒ writing reports
ƒ taking exams
ƒ telling others
ƒ demonstrating how to do it
ƒ expressing it artistically
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ƒ incentives to do a good job
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ƒ peer approval
…
ƒ praise/recognition from boss or
teacher
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ƒ tangible rewards such as prizes or
or stickers etc.
…
ƒ grades
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ƒ pay
…
ƒ satisfaction that s/he did their best…
…
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Needs
TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 4
3
Understanding Learning Styles Continued
Factors
Learning Styles:
Responses
Adult
Activities
Lighting
Learns best by ƒ lecture
ƒ discussion
ƒ projects
ƒ drill
ƒ peer teaching
ƒ independent study
ƒ games
ƒ programmed instruction
ƒ simulation
ƒ role playing
Learns best by ƒ in low light
ƒ in medium light
ƒ in bright light
ƒ with light coming from behind
ƒ with work spotlighted
Student
Self
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TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 4
›This learning styles activity was adapted from a list of learning style preferences in Teaching
Special Students in the Mainstream by R. Lewis and D. Doorlag, Macmillan Publishing Company,
1991.
4
PERSON CENTERED PLANNING
Transition planning approaches emphasizing person-centered planning are often used
solely with individuals who have difficulty developing career goals due to the extent of
their disabilities or due to difficulties in expressing their interests, preferences and needs.
However, students with milder disabilities who are struggling with adult life goals or
direction to their IEPs can benefit from this approach as well. The following is a list of
person-centered planning resources:
Clark, G. M. & Cloninger, C. J., & Iverson, V. S. (1993). COACH. Choosing Options and
Accommodations for Children: A Guide to Planning Inclusive Education. Baltimore,
MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Mount, B., & Zwernick, K. (1988). It’s Never Too Early, It’s Never Too Late: A Booklet
About Personal Futures Planning. St. Paul, MN: Governor’s Planning council on
Developmental Disabilities. Publication No. 421-88-109.
O’Brien, J. (1987). A Guide to Life-Style Planning: Using the Activities Catalogue to
Integrate Services and Natural Support System. In G. T. Bellamy & B. Wilcox (Eds.)
A Comprehensive Guide to the Activities Catalogue: An Alternative Curriculum for
Youth and Adults with Severe Disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Timmons, J. & Whitney-Thomas, J. (March, 1998). The Most Important Member:
Facilitating the Focus Person’s Participation in Person Centered Planning.
“Research to Practice” Boston, MA: Institute for Community Inclusion.
Vandercook, T., York, J., & Forest, M. (1989). McGill Action Planning System (MAPS).
Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 23(2), 119-133.
GENERAL TRANSITION PLANNING TOOLS
Myers, L. B. & McCauley, M. J. (1985). Manual: A Guide to the Development and use of
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Weaver, R., & DeLuca, J. R. (1987). Employability Life Skills Assessment: Ages 14-21.
Dayton, OH: Miami Valley Special Education Center.
TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 5
5
PERSON CENTERED PLANNING
Transition planning approaches emphasizing person-centered planning are often used
solely with individuals who have difficulty developing career goals due to the extent of
their disabilities or due to difficulties in expressing their interests, preferences and needs.
However, students with milder disabilities who are struggling with adult life goals or
direction to their IEPs can benefit from this approach as well. The following is a list of
person-centered planning resources:
Clark, G. M. & Cloninger, C. J., & Iverson, V. S. (1993). COACH. Choosing Options and
Accommodations for Children: A Guide to Planning Inclusive Education. Baltimore,
MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Mount, B., & Zwernick, K. (1988). It’s Never Too Early, It’s Never Too Late: A Booklet
About Personal Futures Planning. St. Paul, MN: Governor’s Planning council on
Developmental Disabilities. Publication No. 421-88-109.
O’Brien, J. (1987). A Guide to Life-Style Planning: Using the Activities Catalogue to
Integrate Services and Natural Support System. In G. T. Bellamy & B. Wilcox (Eds.)
A Comprehensive Guide to the Activities Catalogue: An Alternative Curriculum for
Youth and Adults with Severe Disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Timmons, J. & Whitney-Thomas, J. (March, 1998). The Most Important Member:
Facilitating the Focus Person’s Participation in Person Centered Planning.
“Research to Practice” Boston, MA: Institute for Community Inclusion.
Vandercook, T., York, J., & Forest, M. (1989). McGill Action Planning System (MAPS).
Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 23(2), 119-133.
GENERAL TRANSITION PLANNING TOOLS
Myers, L. B. & McCauley, M. J. (1985). Manual: A Guide to the Development and use of
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Weaver, R., & DeLuca, J. R. (1987). Employability Life Skills Assessment: Ages 14-21.
Dayton, OH: Miami Valley Special Education Center.
TOTAL Project, Module 2, Handout 5
1
INTRODUCTION TO PERSON CENTERED PLANNING ACTIVITIES
We all rely on family and friends for support to various degrees. This support is
vital to the attainment of a meaningful lifestyle for people with disabilities. Some
individuals who experience disability do not have a network of family and friends to
provide support. Where these networks are present, they should be encouraged to
participate in the development of individualized supports. When a network is not
present, support must be person centered. A vital component of each individual’s
realization of a meaningful lifestyle is a challenging vision of the future. Methods of
promoting a person centered perspective are needed within the formalized, traditional
planning utilized throughout social services.
Person Centered Planning Activities
A process called "Person Centered Planning Activities" has been developed to help
individuals and those who provide support to clarify a vision of the future. This process
involves individuals identified by the focus person and, when appropriate, family as those
who have a stake in the future of the focus person. It is not an additional service
centered meeting focusing on individual deficits and corresponding objectives. Instead
of listing deficits, the gifts, capacities, and talents of the individual are emphasized.
It is important to note that this is not a school or agency issue. Person Centered
Planning Activities are beneficial for an individual, at any age, as well as a valuable
process incorporated into transition planning during high school, supported living
development, crisis prevention, or other transitions in an individual's life.
Personal Profile
Person Centered Planning Activities begin the development of a personal profile
of the focus person. The individual's current lifestyle is reviewed through the "mapping"
of relationships and community activities. Much like a resume, the personal profile
describes the positive attributes of the individual and her or his wealth of experience.
The profile helps everyone to focus on capacities rather than deficits. Questions are
asked to guide the development of the profile. The profile is subsequently used in
planning efforts to encourage a positive perspective of the focus person.
Lifestyle Planning
With the capacities identified by the personal profile in mind, a desirable
lifestyle is described. Participants in the planning meeting accept responsibility for
activities, as they see fit, that will assist the individual to attain this desired lifestyle.
Finally, changes in available service systems are identified. Person Centered Planning
Activities materials are generated and distributed to participants after the meeting.
These materials can be utilized to promote a person centered focus in subsequent
meetings.
IcI
I NSTITUTE FOR
C OMMUNITY
I NCLUSION
Research
to
Practice
April 1998
Volume 4, Number 3
Building Authentic Visions:
How to Support the Focus Person in Person Centered Planning
by Jean Whitney-Thomas and Jaimie Ciulla Timmons
Introduction
Findings
The importance of self-determination for young people
with disabilities has become an increasing priority for young
people, families, and professionals. Person centered planning
has emerged as one mechanism for young people to build
self-determined futures with the help of a supportive group of
people.
In general, person centered planning encourages an
individual to involve personal and community networks in
planning for the future. The process includes articulating a
vision and coordinating resources and supports to make the
vision a reality. Therefore, the effectiveness of planning
depends on the support of significant others who assist in
problem solving and resource development. Equally
important in determining the success of a planning process is
considering how facilitators, family members, and other
members of the person’s social network influence the focus
person’s participation.
This summary is meant as a resource for facilitators,
family members and friends who are invited to be part of a
person centered planning process. Recommendations are
made to challenge planning team members to think about
how their own behavior influences the participation of the
focus person.
Methodology
This summary was developed from research conducted at
the Institute for Community Inclusion between June 1996
and June 1997. The research examined student participation
in Whole Life Planning and involved:
• Ten 18-21 year olds with developmental disabilities in
four Massachusetts communities who participated in
Whole Life Planning processes.
• These young people were from various cultural
backgrounds (Latino (n=3), White (n=6) and AsianAmerican (n=1)).
The researchers:
• Observed 34 organizational and planning meetings.
• Conducted 17 interviews with the young people, their
parents, and facilitators.
Factors that encouraged participation
from the focus person:
• Speaking directly to or directing questions toward the
focus person. This encourages the student to answer and
discourages other participants from answering for them.
This can be challenging for families from cultures in
which an elder traditionally answers questions. In all
situations, negotiate ways in which the focus person’s
voice can be heard.
• Verifying or checking with the focus person on the
meaning of his or her answers, responses and suggestions
before moving on. Make sure that he or she understands
and agrees with the contributions of others. This creates
an opportunity to draw the focus person back into the
discussion if he or she becomes quiet or withdrawn.
• Speaking at the focus person’s language level. By
rephrasing words or concepts that were abstract, the
focus person participates more productively and remain
engaged in conversation.
• Waiting for a response from the focus person. When the
facilitator allows the focus person time to formulate and
produce an answer, other family members and friends are
less likely to jump in, and the focus person is less likely
to rely on them for answers.
• Using accommodations to support the focus person’s
understanding and communication. These include
pictures, visual or auditory clues, technology, or any
other concrete techniques that facilitate communication.
• Following the focus person’s lead to change the subject,
take a break or talk more about a topic.
• Setting and maintaining a positive tone. A positive tone
can be maintained by reframing negative comments and
addressing concerns in the establishment of action steps
after the vision is completed.
• Setting aside fears and concerns while the vision is
developed. When parents and others feel that their fears
and concerns will be addressed during action planning
the focus person can be encouraged to speak about their
plans for the future and expand upon them during the
building of the vision.
INSTITUTE FOR COMMUNITY INCLUSION (UAP) • RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON PROMOTING EMPLOYMENT
CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL • 300 LONGWOOD AVENUE • BOSTON, MA 02115
www.childrenshospital.org/ici
Factors that decreased participation:
• Using jargon. Words or phrases that were unclear to the
focus person.
• Using the third person. Speaking about the focus person
to the group.
• Using patronizing language. Correcting or talking about
the focus person in a way that causes the student to loose
face or become embarrassed.
• Use multiple modes of communication throughout the
planning process (written, pictures, objects, etc.).
• Help the focus person learn group process, decision
making, and problem solving skills.
Maintaining a balance between one’s own participation and
the focus person’s can be challenging. One set of parents in
the study put it beautifully. The father said, “this has to come
from Andrew.” “I know,” said Andrew’s mother, “I’m trying
so hard to sit on my hands!”
Factors that were important for the group process:
• Writing suggestions or statements made by group
members on flip charts or meeting notes. This provides a
visual record of the discussion, increases the amount of
shared information, and reinforces group participation.
• Using good group facilitation skills. For example: setting
and maintaining the group tone, not letting one person
dominate, responding to the group as a whole, eliciting
input from quiet participants, keeping track of time and
taking breaks, and encouraging participants to speak
directly to other members of the group.
• Actively involving the focus person in the group process.
As the group process moves along participation
opportunities for the focus person may be lost. Ways to
insure the involvement of the focus person in the group
process include: Using pictures instead of written notes
and teaching the focus person group participation and
leadership skills.
Conclusion
When asked to facilitate, organize, or participate in a person
centered planning process, it is important to consider how to
maximize the leadership of the focus person. The goal of
any person centered planning process is to develop a clear
vision for the future built on the hopes and dreams of the
focus person and to determine the supports and steps
necessary to achieve the vision. The role of the group
participants is:
• To support and be a resource to the focus person.
• To express their genuine concern and a personal
relationship with the focus person.
• To make sure that the plans and visions come from the
focus person and reflect what he or she wants from life.
• In order to play these roles well, it is important for each
member of a planning group to consider the following:
• Make sure the focus person drives the discussion and
planning.
• Leave pre-conceived notions and expectations about the
focus person’s future at the door.
Resources
Butterworth, J., Hagner, D., Heikkinen, B., Faris, S., DeMello,
S., & McDonough, K. (1993). Whole life planning: A
guide for organizers and facilitators. (Available from The
Institute for Community Inclusion (UAP); Boston, MA:
Children’s Hospital and University of Massachusetts at
Boston)
Butterworth, J. (Producer). (1994). More Like a Dance: An
Introduction to Whole Life Planning. (Videotape
available from the Institute for Community Inclusion
(UAP), Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115)
Mount, B., Beeman, P., & Ducharme, G. (1988) What are we
learning about circles of support: A collection of tolls,
ideas, and reflections on building and facilitating circles
of support. Manchester, CT: Communitas, Inc.
Pierpont, J., O’Brien, J., & Forest, M. (1993). PATH: A
workbook for planning positive futures. Toronto,
Ontario, Canada, M6H 2S5)
Smull, M., & Harrison, S.B. (1992). Supporting people with
severe reputations in the community. Alexandria, VA:
NASMRPD. (NASMRPD, 113 Oronoco Street,
Alexandria, VA 22314)
Vandercook, T., York, J., & Forest, M. (1989) The McGill
Action Planning System (MAPS): A strategy for building
the future. Journal of the Association for Persons with
Severe Handicaps , 14(3), pp. 205-215.
Acknowledgements
This brief reflects the contributions of staff at
the Institute for Community Inclusion and
the Natural Supports Project, in particular
John Butterworth, Noreen Donnelly, Sherill
Faris, Katherine Honey, Deirdre Shaw and
the families, students and school personnel
who participated in the research.
This research was supported , in part by a cooperative agreement, H133A30036, from the Administration on Developmental Disabilities.
Grantees undertaking projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Points of view
or opinions do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Administration on Developmental Disabilities policy. For further information on
this study, please contact Jean Whitney-Thomas, Institute for Community Inclusion, Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA
02115 (617) 355-8022; (617) 355-6956 (TTY); [email protected]