NAME:_______________________________________________________________ CLASS: ______________
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Unit 4: Neonate and Infant Study Guide
A. Students will explain the growth and development of the neonate
Use your NEONATE NOTES for this information
1. Know what a neonate is and their physical characteristics and abilities
2. Know the function of the fontanels?
3. Know about the APGAR test and scale?
4. Know about the neonatal reflexes
5. Identify the importance of bonding right after delivery and how this can be done
B. Students will explain the growth and development of Infants
Use your FIRST YEAR DEVELOPMENT HANDOUT for this information
1. Know the height and weight gain of an infant in the first year.
2. Know the sequence of physical development (gross and fine motor skills) of the infant
3. Know what order of introducing solid foods to an infant is recommended and why?
4. Know the 4 areas to consider when purchasing infants / newborns clothing?
5. Know the emotional development of an infant and how it is built.
6. Know what separation and stranger anxiety is
7. Know how Erik Erikson’s stage of Trust vs. Mistrust influences an infant
8. Know about the 3 temperament types of an infant and how a caregiver can handle them?
9. Explain why an infant cries, the type of cries, and what a caregiver can do. SEE PAGE 2 NOTES
10. Know the infants social development and how it is built.
11. Know why play is important for an infant and what 2 types of play the infant engages in.
12. Know the infants cognitive development and how they primarily learn
13. Know how a caregiver can encourage and stimulate an infants cognitive development
14. Understand Jean Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage and what it focuses on. (Know Object Permanence)
15. Know how crawling influences reading ability
16. Know the progression of language development and how a caregiver can encourage this.
C. Students will explain Health and Wellness guidelines and Safety guidelines for an Infant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Know different areas of safety concern for an infant and what steps for prevention can be taken.
Know what Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is and what the effects are on a child
Know about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and prevention strategies
Know the two different feeding options for a newborn / infant and the pro’s and con’s of both
Know why to immunize, by what age, what shots given, what this will prevent, and why the side-effects
Know common communicable diseases, common childhood illnesses, and signs and symptoms
Know basic first aid practices for burns, convulsions, bleeding, bee sting, insect bite, fever, and poisons
Know the best placement for a car seat, what ages use what type of car seat and current seatbelt laws?
Know basic techniques, guidelines, and safety for bathing, dressing, and diapering and infant
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UNIT 4 BELL QUIZZES
BELL Quiz #1: Neonate
1. Fontanelles:
A. Are signs of a birth defect affecting the baby’s bones
B. Cause the baby’s head to be misshapen throughout life
C. Allow the bones of the baby’s head to move during
delivery
D. Signs of brain damage that occurred during delivery
4. According to the Abuse Formula, who is a potential
abuser?
A. A crazy person
B. Not you
C. A caregiver who is under stress
D. A caregiver with no experience in taking care of a child
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bell Quiz #3: Health, Wellness, and Safety
Which reflex helps the baby find their food source?
Sucking / Rooting
Walking
Let Down
Grasping and Palmar
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. The test done one minute and again five minutes after
birth to determine the newborn’s general well-being is:
A. Physical Determination
B. Reflex Aptitude
C. Apgar Scale
D. Ultrasound
Communicable diseases:
Are not passed from one person to another
Are usually fatal
Are passed from one person to another
Cannot be prevented or treated
2. Which type of environment is developmentally beneficial for
a 12 month old?
A. A playpen full of stimulating toys
B. A bedroom full of book, crafts, and educational toys
C. Free access to a child proof house
D. A bathtub with boats and paints
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Newborns learn primarily through:
Practice
Example
Their Parents
Their Senses
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In what position should a newborn be placed to sleep?
With a pillow
On its stomach
On its back
On a fluffy, warm blanket with stuffed animals
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Merconium is
Newborn white heads or pimples
Yellow coloring due to the liver not working proper
Dry, flaky, crusty scalp
When the infant has its first bowel movement
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
All of the following are advantages of breast-feeding except:
Newborns can get all of the nutrients needed from breast milk
There is less chance of developing allergies
The baby has a stronger immune system
Both mom and dad can take part in feeding the baby
5.
A.
B.
C.
A good rule of thumb when bathing a baby is:
Start with the dirtiest areas and end with the cleanest
Begin giving baths as soon as the baby is born
Have all the needed supplies in the room, but not close
enough to reach them without leaving the baby’s side.
D. Start with the cleanest areas on the body and end with the
dirtiest areas
Bell Quiz #2: Emotions of a newborn / infant
1. Soothing a crying newborn helps it develop a sense of:
A. Self-actualization
B. Trust
C. Independence
D. Being spoiled
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
6. The safest place, in an automobile, to put a car seat is in the:
A. Front seat next to the driver
B. Back seat next to the window
C. Front seat next to the window
D. Center of the backseat
Which type of cry is the most demanding?
Hunger
Pain
Bored
Needing to be changed
Bell Quiz #4: Physical Infant
3. When frustrated by a crying infant, all of the following
are good for the caregiver to do except:
A. Call a friend/relative to come over and help or just to
talk to them
B. Get frustrated and become out of control
C. Put the baby down in a safe place, close the door, and
take a break
D. Run the vacuum, dishwasher, washer and dryer, etc..
1. What is likely to be the first solid food for an infant
about 6 months?
A. Peanut butter and honey sandwich
B. Banana
C. Baby cereal mixed with breast milk or formula
D. Ground chicken and mixed vegetables
2
5. When grandparents from out of state come to visit and your
child cries or appears to be afraid of them:
A. The child is showing stranger anxiety
B. The child is showing object permanence
C. The child is showing separation anxiety
D. The child is showing Egocentrism
2. Which of the following is one of the first gross motor
skills to develop?
A. Crawling
B. Sitting
C. Rolling over
D. Lifting the head
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bell Quiz #6: Cognitive Infant
Children develop most rapidly:
From three to five years of age
After the age of five
At their own rate and time
In the first three years of life
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
A babies brain triples in the first 2 years based on:
Toys they are given
Books and songs surrounded by
Its environment
TV shows they watch
Motor Development during early childhood involves
gaining:
A. Control over fine and gross motor skills
B. Control over their hands
C. Control over their legs
D. Control over their mouth
2. Crawling develops motor skills, but also brain pathways
necessary for:
A. Reading
B. Playing
C. Showing emotions
D. Overcoming egocentrism
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. Knowing an object still exists, even though it is out of sight, is
an example of:
A. Assimilation
B. Separation anxiety
C. On-looker play
D. Object permanence
Fine motor skills are:
Movement of the large muscle groups
Disgusting movements that infants do
Movement of the small muscle groups
Exact, acute movements of the body
Bell Quiz #5: Infant Emotional and Social
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The process of learning to get along with others is:
Socialization
Egocentrism
Conservation
Cooperative play
5. Jean Piaget said that from birth to 2 years old children are in
the sensorimotor stage which means they learn through:
A. Sensory Play
B. Active Play
C. Repetition
D. Imitation
2. Which statement about emotional development is true?
A. Saying no and using punishment are making them tougher
B. Parents can give too much love, affection, and attention
C. Self-confidence is built by a loving and trusting relationship
D. Infants are not affected by the caregiver’s emotions and
reactions
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
You can encourage an infant’s language development by:
Speaking more than one language
Using baby talk
Doing exercises that strengthen the muscles in the mouth
Giving positive feedback for the sounds they make
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How would an infant play with a toy placed in its hand?
Ignore it
Give it back
Study it, manipulate it and put it in its mouth
Cry because the toy scared it
4. Which statement regarding Erik Erikson’s first stage of
emotional development (trust vs. mistrust) is best:
A. Playtime is essential for emotional development
B. Emotional development begins the day the child is born
C. Trust is established when positive relationships are established
D. The more toys an infant has the more trust they have in their
caregiver
Which is an example of a cognitive skill
Walking
Recognizing their name
Separation Anxiety
Learning how to laugh
Cutting
skipping
climbing
Running
eating
walking
Puzzles
coloring
crawling
Computer
dancing
blocks
Play dough turning pages in a book
SORT THE MOTOR SKILLS INTO THEIR APPROPRIATE CATEGORY
GROSS (LARGE)
FINE (SMALL)
3
Assignment # 1 What Kind of Baby Were You?
Discuss with your Mom and/or Dad or caregiver the following questions that relate to you from birth to 2 years old. Feel free
to ask more than just these questions.
1. What were your parent’s thoughts when they found out
that they were pregnant with you?
10. How old were you when you first crawled and/or took your
first unaided steps? What is remembered about this?
2. What is your birth date?
11. What age did you say your first word(s)? What is
remembered about this?
3. What is the name and location of where you were born?
4. Describe the day leading up to your birth.
12. During your first year of life, what foods did you like and
dislike? What is remembered about your food and eating
experiences?
5. How were you delivered? What is remembered about
this time? How long did the labor last and what was it like?
13. Which temperament would you use to best describe your
temperament during your first 6 months (happy, fussy, playful,
sweet, sleepy, quiet, talkative, and aggressive)? What is
remembered about your personality?
6. What did your parents think or say when they first saw
you?
7. At birth, what was the color of your hair or were your
bald? Explain what is remembered about the details of
your newly born physical appearance.
14. What was your favorite toy(s)? What is remembered
about this?
8. At birth, how much did you weigh? How long were you?
What details do your parents remember about your
newborn assessments and procedures? Do they remember
your APGAR scores?
15. What did your parents like to do with you while you were
young?
9. What do your parents remember about bringing you
home for the first time?
PARENT SIGNATURE_____________________________
4
Infant Reflexes
Some reflexes are needed for survival (rooting reflex) and some reflexes lead to voluntary,
learned behaviors, i.e. sucking reflex). Other reflexes are a clue to the health and maturity of the
nervous system (withdrawl reflex) or give the newborn practice which develops voluntary
behaviors such as walking or climbing.
Palmar Reflex (grasping-hand): Newborns’
Moro Reflex (startle): Newborns’ bling
fingers tighten around any object placed in
arms and legs out and pull them back
the palm.
again when they are startled.
Plantar Reflex (grasping-foot): Newborns’
toes tighten around any object when the
ball of the foot is stroked. Disappears
Walking Reflex: When babies fee touch a
between 8-15 months of age
solid surface, alternating steps are taken
as a in walking. Disappears at 3-4 months.
.
Babinski Reflex: Newborns’ toes fan out if
the outside of the sole is stroked from heel
to toe. Disappears around age 1.
Rooting Reflex: When you touch a
newborns’ cheeks or skin around the
mouth, the baby turns it’s head and moves
its mouthlooiking for food. Disappers at 34 months.
Withdrawal Reflex: Newborns’ jerk or
withdraw their legs when the soles of their
feet are pricked.
.
5
NEWBORN (NEONATE)
Newborn (NEO – new NATE – birth) The baby in the first month of life.
A. Physical Features
1. __________________________ ( height and weight)
7.5 lbs and 19” long
Thin, wrinkly, splotchy, with little body fat.
9. ______________________________ Fuzzy hair covering
the body to keep the fetus warm and to give the vernix
something to adhere to.
2. Head to Body ____________________________
Large head – ¼ body size, rounded chest and protruding
stomach, short legs compared to arms, Pelvis and hips are
narrow. Legs pulled up and bowed out. Short neck
10. ______________________________
Yellow coloring due to liver not yet working properly.
3. Facial Features
11. ___________________________
Birth Marks, Angels Kiss, Stork Bite, Mongolian Spot
a. _______________ – grayish blue or dark, swollen, red
splotches on white of eye, may be cross eyed, no tears for
about 3 months.
Pink spots where blood vessels broke – usually go away
within first year.
b. _______________ – tiny jaw and chin, puffy cheeks,
short tongue, dry lips
c. ________________ – short, flat to make nursing easier.
d. ________________ – blotchy, pink, dry and peeling,
vernix, lanugo, loose and wrinkly, loose scalp, cold and
blue due to poor circulation.
4. ____________________________________
Born before 37 weeks
12. ___________________________________
Blister or callous in center of top lip
5. ____________________________________
Born 5.5 lbs or less
13. _________________________________
Baby pimples due to oil glands beginning to work. They will
last about 3 weeks. Don’t pinch them.
6. __________________ - (soft spot) Two open spaces in
the baby’s skull to allow for movement during delivery and
for the brain to grow. Will close together by 2 yo.
14. _______________________________
Dry, flaky, crusty scalp. Rub the scalp with a baby brush.
7. ___________________________________ Cord that
connected the baby to the mother and gave the baby food
and oxygen. Will fall off in 1-3 weeks.
15. _____________________________ Out of proportion in
size due to the large amounts of mother’s hormones.
8. _______________________________
Cheesy and waxy substance that covers the baby’s body
while it is in the womb.
16. _______________________________________
Teeth usually not seen at birth.
Bones are still rubber-like and can bend easily.
- The human heal bone forms after birth, knee caps
form about 2 yo, and 3 bones in a 1yo hand and
wrist - 28 in yours.
B. Cognitive Abilities / Senses
17.
Cognitive Abilities
b. _______________________________ likes high pitched
sounds and voices. Will turn towards parents voice.
a. ______________________________ best developed
sense. Knows smell of mom and mom’s milk.
Likes sweet smells (vanilla) and makes a disgusted face
if not like smell.
c. __________________________ natural sweet tooth-avoid
giving sugar.
6
d. _____________________________ bond, love, feels safe
and secure, communicates, improves antibodies
e. ________________________ weak limited vision
• 20/700 @ birth. Can see 8-15” away
• Sees color around 3-4mths
• *** Prefers to look at the human face
C. Physical Abilities
19. Reflexes = indicate the function of the nervous system
and aide in early survival skills.
18. Physical Abilities
a. ___________________________________ Control – weak
neck muscles and big heavy head so the head fall backs.
Always support the newborn’s head and neck.
a. ____________________ – when cheek is stroked, baby
turns head and opens mouth. Sucking movements begin to
initiate eating..
b. ___________________________________ – mostly
reflexes at first, but soon gains control of their muscles.
b. (Grasping or Darwinian) Plantar and Palmar
____________________ Palm of hand stroked and baby
makes fist around it.
____________________ Bottom of toes touched and toes curl
and tighten
c. ___________________ (startle) – baby’s arms and legs
thrown out, head falls back, and back extends
d. ____________________ – fencer arm position, one arm
back and one arm extended forwards.
e. ____________________ – sole of foot stroked and toes fan
out
g. ____________________ – baby held under arms will make
stepping motion.
D. PROCEDURES
20. ___________________________ Antiseptic put in
baby’s eyes to prevent infections like gonococcus.
24. _________________________ Baby is on 4 month jet lag.
Growing and developing is tiring. Place baby on their back to
prevent SIDS.
21. __________________________ for Anemia/PKU/Cystic
Fibrosis
25. _______________________
Choose between formula and breast milk. There are pro’s
and con’s to both choices.
22. ___________________________
Test done at 1 min and 5 min after delivery to test
newborns physical development, ability to adapt, and
chance for survival.
26. ________________________________
Forms secure attachments, feelings of trust, safety , and
strengthens the baby. Builds 5 areas of growth and
development.
23. _____________________________
Removal of foreskin around tip of penis. Optional
procedure.
27. ___________________________________ First bowel
movement. Black tar like substance. Dangerous if released in
the womb.
28. ___________________________________ reflex
Is when the hormone, Oxytocin, causes milk to come into
the mother’s breast in preparation for breast feeding.
29. ___________________________________________
The doctor that cares for the baby / child while it is growing
up.
7
THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE - MONTH BY MONTH
What developmental characteristics are generally developmentally appropriate at each month?
FIRST MONTH
SECOND MONTH
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
COGNITIVE
COGNITIVE
THIRD MONTH
FOURTH MONTH
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
COGNITIVE
COGNITIVE
FIFTH MONTH
SIXTH MONTH
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
COGNITIVE
COGNITIVE
SEVENTH MONTH
EIGHTH MONTH
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
COGNITIVE
COGNITIVE
NINTH MONTH
TENTH MONTH
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
COGNITIVE
COGNITIVE
8
ELEVENTH MONTH
TWELFTH MONTH
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
COGNITIVE
COGNITIVE
B.
Explain why an infant cries, the type of cries, and what a caregiver can do?
1. Why does an infant cry?
2. Name the 4 basic cries and explain their characteristics
3. Explain the abuse formula. Who is a potential abuser?
4. When an infant cries, what can the caregiver check? Develop a crying plan:
5. What are some ideas for coping with a crying infant? Develop a “Now What” crying plan:
6. If you, as the caregiver, feel yourself getting frustrated with the crying, what must you do?
 C.
Students will explain Health and Wellness guidelines and Safety guidelines for an Infant
Assignment #3 Home Safe NOT Sorry
1. Where is the best place in the car for a car seat?
a. Explain what ages use what type of car seats and explain current Utah safety belt laws.
2. Why do kids receive immunizations?
a. What are communicable diseases?
Give some examples of these
b. Name the 6 main immunizations that children receive?
c. Explain common reactions that children may have to the immunization shots.
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3.
Explain the common childhood situations, signs and symptoms, and 1st Aid Care.
SITUATION, SYMPTOMS, and FIRST AID CARE
Bee Sting
Poison
Insect Bite / Plant Irritation
Cut
Burn
Fever
Convulsions / Seizures
4. What is Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) and How can it happen?
a. What are some effects of SBS on a child?
5. What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
a. Give some prevention strategies for SIDS. What is the BEST way?
6. Explain the two different feeding options for a newborn / infant and the pro’s and con’s of both.
EXPLAIN FEEDING OPTION
PRO’S
CON’S
Breastfeeding
Formula
7. Explain basic techniques, guidelines, and safety for bathing an infant.
8. Explain basic Safety Techniques and Guidelines for dressing and diapering an infant.
9. Give 2 Toy Safety Guidelines.
10. Allow the child to have freedom to explore and opportunities to develop in all 5 areas by Childproofing the house
before the child learns how to C ___ ___ ___ ___.
Give 2 Childproofing guidelines:
11. Give 2 safety precautions you learned about Strollers and Carriers/Slings?
12. Give 2 safety precautions you learned about Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets?
10
13. Give 2 safety precautions you learned about High Chairs, Swings, and Walkers?
A. FIRST YEAR PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages 208 – 237)
Assignment #1 What Kind of Baby Were You?
Assignment #6 Clothing Evaluation
1.
Children develop most rapidly during their first _______________________________________.
2.
REVIEW: Give an example for each of the 3 basic laws of growth and development patterns:
a. Head to Foot_________________________________________________________________________
b. Near to Far___________________________________________________________________________
c. Simple to Complex_____________________________________________________________________
3. Weight: They ___________ their birth weight in the first year. The average weight of a 1 year old is ___________ lbs.
4. Height: The average height by one year of age is about ________inches. They increase their birth length by _________.
5. Proportion: Compared to the rest of the baby’s body, their head and abdomen are __________________ and their legs
and arms are ______________________________________________.
6. Sight: By _____________________ month the child’s eyesight is as good as a young adult’s.
a. A slow moving mobile above the babies head will help develop the infant’s _______________________________.
b. They prefer looking at patterns that show__________________________ and the color ____________________.
c. By ___________ months babies begin to reach for objects that they see. The ability to move their hands and
fingers precisely to what is seen is called _________________________.
7. Hearing: Babies still respond to the ______________________ of your voice rather than the words that are said.
8. Teeth: At 6-7 months the ___________________________________ teeth or “baby teeth” begin to come in.
a. Common teething symptoms include:____________________________________________
9. Identify basic first year Physical Milestones:
MAJOR MILESTONES
Milestones
Know these specific milestones and the
correct order they occur:
- Child can stand by him or herself
-Rolls from front to back
-Sit up and on their own
-Crawl
-Lifts their head while on their stomach
10. _________________________ abilities are the use and control of muscles.
- Large (Gross) motor skills are related to the large muscles of the body? Give an example of some of these skills:
-
Small (Fine) are the motor skills related to the small muscles like the hands and fingers. Give examples:
11. When handling, lifting, or moving a newborn, remember to support their h____________ and n__________________
* * FEEDING DURING THE 1st YEAR
12. Bottle feeding: What are guidelines for warming a bottle? What about warming it in a microwave?
What is the problem with setting the baby down and propping a bottle up for them while they eat?
13. Why shouldn’t you reheat an unfinished bottle or feed a baby directly from the food container?
11
14. Why are bottle fed babies at risk for being overfed?
15. Self-Feeding: At _________ months of age the infant is able to digest solid foods and ready to begin eating these foods.
a. Why should a baby be introduced to one new food at a time?
b. What is the first food to introduce to a baby and what 4 foods should be introduced in order after that?
c. List foods to avoid giving an infant before 1 year of age?
d. Children begin self-feeding at about ___________________. What are some guidelines for self-feeding safely?
16. Give 3 ways that healthy eating habits and adequate nutrition can be established in the first year?
17. When choosing infants clothing, explain the 4 general guidelines to pay attention to.
S___________________________
 Fire retardant, not tight and binding, no loose buttons or fasteners, and no loose strings or trims.
C_________________________
 Soft-knit fabrics, not bulky, no fuzzy trims that tickle, neck openings large enough to go over the baby’s head,
not tight and binding, roomy for active body movements, anti-static, absorbent, and right weight for warmth.
E______________________________________
 Machine washable, lighter fabrics stain easier, little or no ironing, shrinkage control (sanforized on the label), no
dry cleaning, and easy to mend.
A ______________________________________
 1 piece without obvious waistlines, fabrics that stretch, elastic waistbands, 2 piece outfits, and adjustable straps.
18. When it comes to feeding, bathing, dressing, diapering, and putting the baby to sleep, develop a r___ uti___e
the baby can count on and remain c___ nsi ___ t___ nt by following it.
that
B. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages 253 – 260, 268)
1. Emotional development begins at ______________________________. It deals with:
2. Identify basic first year EMOTIONAL / SOCIAL Milestones and the general month that they can occur:
3. Define the term nurturing and bonding as it relates to infants? This bond is called _________________________.
4. What happens to babies when they have no one to love and nobody to love them? (think Failure to Thrive)
5.
How does theorist Eric Erickson explain that an infant develops Trust vs. Mistrust?
a.
How are children influenced by this stage of emotional development?
12
6. Why are consistency and routine important to a child AND what is the result if a child does not receive it?
7. Describe the following baby temperaments / personalities and how the caregiver can handle them:
TEMPERAMENT
How a Caregiver can handle this:
Sensitive (intensity) Child
Placid (adaptability) Child
Aggressive (energy persistence) Child
C. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages 253, 266, 297, 270, and 351)
1. What is social development?
2. Newborns prefer to look at the human _______________________________ for their main form of socializing..
3.
Why is play important for an infant or child of any age?
a) __________________________ is playing alone.
b) __________________________ is watching everyone play, but having no interaction
4. __________________________________Anxiety is fear of a strange or unfamiliar face.
◦ Happens about 6 months and then again about 18 months and is expressed through crying and withdrawal.
5. _________________________ Anxiety is when a child is uncomfortable being away from parents or primary caregiver.
◦ Appears about 6 months and then again (even stronger) at 18 months.
D. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
(Text: Developing Child pages 288-303)
1. Identify basic first year COGNITIVE Milestones and the general month that they can occur:
2. An infant’s brain will triple in the first 2 years of life based on the child’s ___________________________________ .
3.
Theorist Jean Piaget said that from birth to 2 years old learning is in the _____________________________ period.
Infants learn primarily through their ____________________. This is why a baby will put everything in their __________.
4.
_______________________ Knowing that an object still exists even when it is out of sight. “Out of sight out of mind”
5. A caregiver can encourage learning in an infant by: (Attention, Time, Knowledge)
a. Learn about the ___________________________ of a child (age appropriate learning, development, activities, etc..)
b. Give your _________________________________________________
c. Babies are motivated to learn and try new things when they receive ________________________________________
d. Express _________________________________________ continually.
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e. Children learn when caregivers share and talk about their ____________________________________________.
f. Stimulating a child’s senses is critical for _____________________________________________.
Caregivers can create a stimulating environment by providing: ______________________________________
6. Begin reading to a child ___________________________________________________________ and never stop.
7.
Nursery Rhymes are great for developing cognitive skills – like what?
8. Crawling, as an infant, helps the child to develop their ________________________________________________.
9. Communication: ___________________________ is a baby’s first means of communication, but by the end of the first
year, a baby makes special ___________________ and may even say some ___________________to get their point across.
10. A caregiver’s involvement in the baby is essential to language development.
 1. ________________________ even when the child doesn’t appear to respond – listening/hearing is essential to
language development
 ________________________________________ talk about objects, actions, surroundings, etc..
 Use simple words, not ________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________ teaches the child correct speech patterns.
 2. Allow the child to ____________________________________________ and to _________________ to you.
 Encourage babbling by _________________________________________________ the baby’s sounds
 Give ____________________________________________________ for sounds and words
 3. Be an excellent __________________________________ – give your complete attention when they speaking.
 Make _____________________________________________ with the child when you or they are talking.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Can You Guess?
There are several different kinds of baby food; twist the cap and just with your nose, guess the flavor:
1.
8.
2.
9.
3.
10.
4.
11.
5.
12.
6.
13.
7.
14.
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Assignment #6 EVALUATING INFANTS CLOTHING
Garment #1
Description of clothing:
GUIDELINE
Safety
Comfort
Care
Allowance for
Growth
SCALE RATING
EXPLAIN WHY
Not Safe 1 2 3 4 5 Very
safe
Uncomfortable 1 2 3 4 5
Comfortable
Difficult 1 2 3 4 5 Easy
None 1
2
3
4
5 Much
Garment #2
Description of clothing:
GUIDELINE
Safety
Comfort
Care
Allowance for
Growth
SCALE RATING
Not Safe 1 2 3 4 5 Very
safe
Uncomfortable 1 2 3 4 5
Comfortable
Difficult 1 2 3 4 5 Easy
None 1
2
3
4
5 Much
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EXPLAIN WHY
VACCINATIONS
Instructions: Using the information from the group posters, please fill in the following chart.
Vaccination Name
Dosage Age
What is it?
DTAP
HIB
PCV
POLIO
ROTAVIRUS
HEP B
MMR
VARICELLA (CHICKEN POX)
HEP A
FLU
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What are possible side
effects?
Family Life Month Packet 2002
Family and Consumer Sciences
Campbell Hall 1787 Neil Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43210
Understanding Your Child's Temperament
FLM-FS-5-02
Kathy K. Oliver, M.S.,
Family and Consumer Sciences Agent, Hardin County,
Ohio State University Extension, The Ohio State University
Parenting is one of the toughest jobs around. Guiding children in today's world takes a huge amount of physical and emotional energy. Parenting is a lively
dance involving the interplay between the child's style and the parent's approach and responses.
What is Temperament?
Children are born with their natural style of interacting with or reacting to people, places, and things—their
temperament. In the late 1950s, temperament research began with the work of Alexander Thomas, Stella Chess,
and associates. The New York Longitudinal Study identified nine temperament characteristics or traits. The
researchers found that these nine traits were present at birth and continued to influence development in important
ways throughout life. By observing a child's responses to everyday situations, the researchers could assess these
temperaments. Temperament is stable and differs from personality, which is a combination of temperament and life
experiences, although the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Since the 1950s, many scientific studies of temperament have continued to show that children's health and
development are influenced by temperament. We all know children who are much more challenging to deal with
than other children, starting at birth. The realization that many behavioral tendencies are inborn—and not the result
of bad parenting—is perhaps one of the most important insights parents gain from learning more about
temperament.
Temperament Traits
The examination of a child's temperament generally occurs when the child's behavior is difficult. Clinicians use a
series of interviews, observations, and questionnaires that measure the nine temperament traits using a spectrum
(scale) indicating mild to intense responses or reactions. By understanding temperament, the parent can work with
the child rather than trying to change his or her inborn traits. The nine temperament traits and an explanation of the
dimensions are given below.
 Activity: Is the child always moving and doing something OR does he or she have a more relaxed style?
 Rhythmicity: Is the child regular in his or her eating and sleeping habits OR somewhat haphazard?
 Approach/withdrawal: Does he or she "never meet a stranger" OR tend to shy away from new people or
things?
 Adaptability: Can the child adjust to changes in routines or plans easily or does he or she resist transitions?
 Intensity: Does he or she react strongly to situations, either positive or negative, OR does he or she react
calmly and quietly?
 Mood: Does the child often express a negative outlook OR is he or she generally a positive person? Does his
or her mood shift frequently OR is he or she usually even-tempered?s
 Persistence and attention span: Does the child give up as soon as a problem arises with a task OR does he
or she keep on trying? Can he or she stick with an activity a long time OR does his or her mind tend to
wander?
 Distractibility: Is the child easily distracted from what he or she is doing OR can he or she shut out external
distractions and stay with the current activity?
 Sensory threshold: Is he or she bothered by external stimuli such as loud noises, bright lights, or food
textures OR does he or she tend to ignore them?
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Temperament Types
These traits combine to form three basic types of temperaments. Approximately 65 percent of all children fit one of
three patterns. Forty percent of children are generally regarded as "easy or flexible," 10 percent are regarded as
"difficult, active, or feisty," and the final 15 percent are regarded as "slow to warm up or cautious." The other 35
percent of children are a combination of these patterns. By understanding these patterns, parents can tailor their
parenting approach in such areas as expectations, encouragement, and discipline to suit the child's unique needs.



Easy or flexible children are generally calm, happy, regular in sleeping and eating habits, adaptable, and not
easily upset. Because of their easy style, parents need to set aside special times to talk about the child's
frustrations and hurts because he or she won't demand or ask for it. This intentional communication will be
necessary to strengthen your relationship and find out what your child is thinking and feeling.
Difficult, active, or feisty children are often fussy, irregular in feeding and sleeping habits, fearful of new
people and situations, easily upset by noise and commotion, high strung, and intense in their reactions.
Providing areas for vigorous play to work off stored up energy and frustrations with some freedom of choice
allow these children to be successful. Preparing these children for activity changes and using redirection will
help these children transition (move or change) from one place to another.
Slow to warm up or cautious children are relatively inactive and fussy, tend to withdraw or to react
negatively to new situations, but their reactions gradually become more positive with continuous exposure.
Sticking to a routine and your word, along with allowing ample time to establish relationships in new
situations, are necessary to allow independence to unfold.
Most children have some level of intensity on several temperament traits, but one dimension will usually dominate.
Refrain from using negative labels such as "cry baby," "worrywart," or "lazy." The child's abilities to develop and
behave in acceptable ways are greatly determined by the adults in their lives trying to identify, recognize, and
respond to his or her unique temperament. By doing so, the adults can alter or adjust their parenting methods to be
a positive guide in their child's natural way of responding to the world.
Parenting with Temperament in Focus
Parents also need to get a clear picture of their own temperament traits and pinpoint areas in which conflicts with
their child arise due to temperament clashing. When there is temperament friction between parent and child, it is
more reasonable to expect that the parent will make the first move to adapt. When a parent or caregiver
understands the child's temperament, he or she can organize the environment so that "goodness of fit" happens.
Here are principles to keep in mind as you strive to achieve this fit.





Be aware of your child's temperament and respect his or her uniqueness without comparing him or her to
others or trying to change your child's basic temperament. Be aware of your own temperament and adjust
your natural responses when they clash with your child's responses.
Communicate. Explain decisions and motives. Listen to the child's points of view and encourage teamwork
on generating solutions.
Set limits to help your child develop self-control. Respect opinions but remain firm on important limits.
Be a good role model because children learn by imitation.
Enjoy the dance.
This match between the child's temperament and the demands or expectations of his or her environment (family,
school, childcare setting) greatly improves relationships. Parents who are tuned into their child's temperament and
who can recognize their child's strengths will find life more enjoyable. It will be a dynamic dance that will last a
lifetime.
References
Goodman, R., & Gurian, A. (1999). Parenting styles/children's temperaments: The match. New York University Child Study Center, AboutOurKids.org.
Graham, J. (2001). Temperament. University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Bulletin #4358.
Olson, M. (1996, Spring/Summer). Ten keys to unlocking temperament. Arizona State University Research Magazine.
Turecki, S. (1985). The difficult child. New York: Bantam Books.
By understanding temperament, the parent can work with the child rather than trying to change his or her inborn traits.
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Assignment # 3 HOME SAFE NOT SORRY
A great way to discover possible child hazards in the home is to get down on their level – YES, your hands and knees and crawl around the house. You’ll be
surprised what potential hazards you will see!
▬Crawl around from room to room and notice curious objects for a 7 – 12 month old or potential hazards. Choose different objects for each room.
▬Give suggestions for how to baby proof that room and make it safer.
Kitchen
POTENTIAL HAZARD
SUGGESTION
POTENTIAL HAZARD
SUGGESTION
POTENTIAL HAZARD
SUGGESTION
POTENTIAL HAZARD
SUGGESTION
POTENTIAL HAZARD
SUGGESTION
1.
2.
Home Office Area
1.
2.
Your Bedroom
1.
2.
Bathroom
1.
2.
Family Room
1.
2.
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