Anions →
↓ Cations
CO32–
Cl–
OH–
NO3–
PO43–
SO42–
(Na2CO3)
(NaCl)
(NaOH)
(KNO3)
(Na3PO4)
(Na2SO4)
..
..
..
..
..
Al3+ (Al(NO3)3)
NH4+(NH4NO3)
.
..
..
..
..
..
Ca2+ (CaCl2)
.
.
.
.
.
.
Cu2+ (CuSO4)
.
.
.
.
.
.
Na+
(NaCl)
.
.
.
.
.
.
Fe3+
(FeCl3)
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pb2+ (Pb(NO3)2)
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mg2+ (MgSO4)
.
.
.
.
.
.
K+
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ag+ (AgNO3)
.
.
.
.
.
.
Zn2+(Zn(NO3)2)
.
.
.
.
.
.
(KI)
Ba2+ (BaCl2)
Solubility Lab
Problem: To determine which anions and cations are soluble in water and make a list of solubility
rules.
Materials and Methods: Combine the chemicals together on the grid under the sheet protector,
using one drop of each solution. Avoid cross contamination. Do not touch the surface with your
pipets. Return them to the proper container after use. You may use a CLEAN toothpick to stir the
mixtures.
Record either NR for no reaction if nothing seems to occur or describe the precipitant (color, texture,
dull, shiny etc) in the box.
Before you clean up, make sure you have accurately recorded all of your observations. Wipe off
grid with paper towel and then wash your hands.
DATA
Analysis
1. Which anions generally DO form precipitates? What are the exceptions?
2. Which anions generally do not form precipitates? What are the exceptions?
3. Which cations generally do not form precipitates?
4. Write the balanced overall reactions for the precipitation reactions you observed involving
copper. There are 3 reactions.
example: __2_AlCl3(aq) + __3_Na2CO3(aq)→ ___Al2(CO3)3(s) + __6_NaCl(aq)
5. Write the balanced net ionic reactions for the solid products in #4.
example: __2_Al3+ –(aq) + __3_CO32–(aq) → ___Al2(CO3)3(s)
Discussion:
Complete the following sentences using data from your experiments
1. __________ Group 1 alkali metal compounds are soluble in water.
(all, most, no)
2. __________ nitrate compounds are soluble in water
(all, most, no)
3. Chloride ions are soluble except when bonded with ___________________.
4. hydroxide, carbonate and phosphate ions are not soluble except when bonded with
______________________________.
5. What other conclusions can you make from the results of your experimenting?
6. Obtain an unknown solution from your instructor that is one of the Cations from your lab and
identify it. You may not be able to narrow it down to one ion. Do three or more to exceed
standard. Explain your identification in detail .