Physical Education Midterm Study Guide
Mrs. Chantelle Fregoso
Muscles Diagram
Directions: Match each item with the correct definition/word/phrase.
A.
Serratus Anterior
B.
Gastrocnemius
C.
External Oblique
D.
Hamstring Group
E.
Adductor Longus
AB. Sartorius
AC. Triceps Brachii
AD. Tibialis Anterior
AE. Biceps Brachii
BC. Deltoid
BD. Latissimus Dorsi
BE.
Trapezius
CD. Gluteus Maximus
CE. Rectus Abdominis
ABC. Quadriceps Femoris
ABCD.Pectoralis Major
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_________________________extends the forearm at elbow
_________________________draws the arm forward and in toward the body
_________________________draws shoulder blade forward, helps raise arm, assists in pushing
_________________________compresses the abdomen, assists in lateral rotation
_________________________depresses the thoracic (chest) cavity, compresses the
abdomen, bends the backbone
6. _________________________flexes, laterally rotates, and draws the thigh toward the body
7. _________________________ bends the thigh at the hip, bends lower leg at the knee, rotates
the thigh in an outward direction
8. _________________________flexes the thigh at hips, extends the leg at the knee
9. _________________________flexes the foot toward the skin
10. _________________________flexes the forearm at the elbow
11. _________________________raises the arm
12. _________________________lifts the shoulder blade, braces the shoulder, draws the head
back
13. _________________________rotates and draws the arm backward and toward the body
14. _________________________extends and rotates the thigh outward when walking, running,
and climbing
15. _________________________ (hamstring muscle) draws thigh backward, flexes the knee
16. _________________________ bends the lower leg at the knee when walking, extends the
foot when jumping
Fitness Terms
True or False: Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Mark “A” for true and “B” for
false. If the statement is false, write the word(s) that make the statement true.
1. _________________________Weight training is a type of aerobic exercise that refers to
energy producing biochemical pathways in cells that do not require oxygen to produce
energy.
2. _________________________Calisthenics is an exercise program in which one moves around
a prescribed course, stopping at each station to perform a specified exercise.
3. _________________________Dynamic stretching is done in a continuous, slow, and
controlled manner.
4. _________________________Isostatic stretching is a form of stretching in which the body is
pushed beyond its initial limit - this form of stretching is not recommended because
partners do not know how much pain is experienced which would cause injury.
5. _________________________Frequency is the degree to which one should exercise to
improve fitness.
6. _________________________Mesomorph is a body type with a slender, slight build.
7. _________________________Endomorph is a body type with a large, soft bulging body and
pear-shaped appearance.
8. _________________________Principle of progression is a progressive increase in the level of
exercise in order to sustain improvement in physical fitness.
9. _________________________Isokinetic Exercise is aerobic exercise that includes vigorous
arm movement while keeping one foot in contact with the ground at all times.
10. _________________________Lactic acid is a waste product built up in the body as a result of
severe muscular exercise.
Five Components of Physical Fitness
11. _________________________The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated
contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.
12. EXAMPLE FITNESSGRAM test _________________________.
13. _________________________The measure of how limber you are; the ability to move the
body through a range of motion.
14. EXAMPLE FITNESSGRAM test _________________________.
15. _________________________The ability of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver
oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use
oxygen to produce energy for movement.
16. EXAMPLE FITNESSGRAM test _________________________.
17. _________________________Body weight is made up of many factors including: muscle,
bones, organs, fluids, and fat. Body composition is the body’s relative amount of fat to
fat-free mass. For good health, the body should maintain a proper ratio of fat to other
components that make up body weight.
18. EXAMPLE FITNESSGRAM test _________________________.
19. ____________________– The ability of a muscle to exert a maximal or near maximal force
against an object.
20. EXAMPLE FITNESSGRAM test ____________________.
6 Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness
21. _________________________is the ability to reach or respond quickly to what you hear, see,
or feel.
22. Example: _________________________
23. _________________________is the ability to control or stabilize the body when a person is
standing still or moving.
24. Example: _________________________
25. _________________________is the ability to be able to use two or more body parts together.
26. Example: _________________________
27. _________________________is the ability to use strength quickly. _________________________is
a combination of both speed and muscular strength.
28. Example: _________________________
29. _________________________is the ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a
short period of time. Many sports rely on speed to gain advantage over your opponents.
30. Example: _________________________
31. _________________________is the ability to change and control the direction and position of
the body while maintaining a constant, rapid motion.
32. Example:
Ultimate Ball
33. How does game play in ultimate ball begin?
34. What is the object of the game?
35. When scoring, how many feet need to be in the end zone?
36. Define/discuss a check.
37. Define/discuss traveling.
38. Define/discuss pivoting.
39. Define/discuss vision blocking.
40. Define/discuss the difference between
stalling
picking
41. How many points does the offensive team receive when scoring?
42. What are the penalties for Marking too closely, Vision Blocking, Stalling, Fast Counts,
Stripping, and Traveling?
Basketball
43. How many points does offense receive when a shot is made;
anywhere inside the arc?
anywhere outside the arc?
behind the free throw line after a foul?
44. Which fouls go against offensive players?
45. When is the _________________________ utilized?
chest pass
bounce pass
overhead pass
46. Define/Discuss the differences between the
crossover
reverse dribble
47. Define/Discuss BEEF?
B
E
E
F
Swimming
48. Define/Discuss the following terms;
Buoyancy
Form Drag
Drag propulsion
Sculling
1) Catch
2) Pull
3) Finish
Streamlined position
49. Define/Discuss the following strokes;
Resting Strokes
Fastest Stroke
Strokes that utilize symmetrical movements
Survival Stroke
Recreational and Lifesaving Stroke
Aerobic - with oxygen; term refers to energy producing biochemical pathways in cells that
use oxygen to produce energy
Agility - the ability to change the position and control the movement of the whole body
Anaerobic - without oxygen; term refers to energy producing biochemical pathways in cells
that do not require oxygen to produce energy
Atrophy - the wasting away or decrease in size of body part, particularly muscle
Balance - ability to keep an upright posture while either standing still or moving
Ballistic stretching - stretching that involves bobbing, bouncing, or jerky movements that
make use of the body's momentum; this type of stretching is sometimes harmful because you
may exceed the stretchable limits of the tissues involved
Body Composition - the ratio of fat to muscle, bone, and other body tissues
Calisthenics - exercise in which body weight is used as the resistance
Concentric contraction - the shortening of a muscle due to contraction
Cardiovascular fitness - the ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to
supply oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during exercise
Circuit training - an exercise program in which one moves around a prescribed course,
stopping at each station to perform a specified exercise
Cool-down - a 10-15 minute period of mild exercise following vigorous exercise that allows
the body and heart rate to return to normal
Coordination - the integration of eye, hand, and foot movements
Cross-train - to engage in a variety of activities and exercises from day to day
Dehydration - the loss of water from body tissues
Dynamic stretching - stretching done in a continuous, slow, and controlled manner
Eccentric contraction - isotonic contractions in which the muscle exerts force while the
muscle lengthens
Ectomorph - a body type with a slender, slight build
Endomorph - a body type with a large, soft bulging body and pear-shaped appearance
Eustress - positive stress resulting from something good
Exercise prescription - a personalized amount of exercise that promotes physical fitness
Flexibility - the range of possible movement of various joint
Fracture - A break in bone or cartilage. Although usually a result of trauma, a fracture can be
the result of an acquired disease of bone, such as osteoporosis, or of abnormal formation
of bone in a congenital disease of bone, such as osteogenesis imperfecta
('brittle bonedisease').
Frequency - the number of times one should exercise to improve a component of physical
fitness
Heat cramps - muscular spasms caused by loss of large amounts of salt and water through
perspiration.
Heatstroke - a condition marked by fever and often by unconsciousness, caused by failure
of the body's temperature-regulating mechanism when exposed to excessively high
temperatures.
Hydration - taking in fluids so that the body functions properly.
Hyporthermia - a condition in which body temperature becomes dangerously low.
Hypertrophy - A term used to describe an increase in the cross-sectional area of the muscle;
an increase in muscle size
Intensity of exercise - the degree to which one should exercise to improve fitness
Intermediate fibers - muscle fibers that possess a combination of the fast and slow-twitch
fiber characteristics
Interval training - an exercise program that involves a series of exercises interspersed with rest
periods
Isokinetic exercises - exercises done with special machines that allow for maximum
resistance over the complete range of motion
Isometric exercises - exercises in which one contracts muscles but does not move body parts
Isostatic stretching - a form of stretching in which the body is pushed beyond its initial limit the initial phase is static by extending the stretch to the maximum limit and hold - after 8
seconds, a partner pushes you beyond the initial limit as you relax; this form of stretching is
not recommended because partners do not know how much pain is experienced which
would cause injury
Isotonic exercises - exercises in which a muscle lengthens and shortens through its full range
of movement while lowering and raising a resistance
Lactic acid - a waste product built up in the body as a result of severe muscular exercise
Lean body mass - body mass made up of muscle tissue and other nonfat tissue such as
bones, ligaments, and tendons
Low-impact aerobics - aerobic exercise that includes vigorous arm movement while keeping
one foot in contact with the ground at all times.
Mesomorph - a body type with a solid, muscular, and large boned physique
Muscle endurance - the ability to use muscles for a long period of time
Muscular strength - the ability of muscles to exert a force one time
One-repetition maximum (1 RM) - a measurement of the maximum amount of weight that
can be lifted one time
Overload principle - a basic principle of fitness training in which the body is stressed and
adapts to that stress
Physical fitness - the capacity of the whole body to function at optimum efficiency;
determined by the condition of the heart and circulatory, respiratory, and muscular systems,
the degree of flexibility, and the percentage of body fat
Principle of overload - exposing the muscles, joints, and cardiovascular and respiratory
systems to more work and stress than is normally experienced
Principle of progression - a progressive increase in the level of exercise in order to sustain
improvement in physical fitness
Principle of specificity - the performance of specific exercises in order to improve specific
components of physical fitness in specific body parts
Repetition - the completion of a single, full-range movement of the body part being
exercised
Shin splints - acute pain in the shin and lower leg caused by prolonged running, typically on
hard surfaces. The muscles, tendons and bone tissue become overworked by the increased
activity.
Spotter - a person(s) responsible for the safety of the lifter.
Sprain - an injury to the ligament around a joint.
Static stretching - the slow movement of a muscle to the stretching point at which it is held
for 15-20 seconds
Strain - a condition caused by damaging a muscle or tendon.
Time - how long one exercises to improve fitness
Warm-up - a 5-10 minute light exercise period during which the body is prepared for vigorous
exercise
Five Components of Physical Fitness
Cardiovascular Endurance – The ability of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver
oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen
to produce energy for movement.
FITNESSGRAM test: Pacer or Mile Run
Muscular Endurance – The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated
contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.
FITNESSGRAM test: Sit-up
Muscular Strength – The ability of a muscle to exert a maximal or near maximal force against
an object.
FITNESSGRAM test: Push-up
Flexibility – The measure of how limber you are; the ability to move the body through a
range of motion.
FITNESSGRAM test: Sit & Reach
Body Composition – Body weight is made up of many factors including: muscle, bones,
organs, fluids, and fat. Body composition is the body’s relative amount of fat to fat-free mass.
For good health, the body should maintain a proper ratio of fat to other components that
make up body weight.
FITNESSGRAM test: Height & Weight (BMI)
6 Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness
Agility is the ability to change and control the direction and position of the body while
maintaining a constant, rapid motion.
 Example: changing directions to hit a tennis ball.
Balance is the ability to control or stabilize the body when a person is standing still or moving.
 Example: in-line skating.
Coordination is the ability to be able to use two or more body parts together.
 Example: dribbling a basketball. Using hands and eyes together is called hand-eye
coordination.
Speed is the ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short period of time.
Many sports rely on speed to gain advantage over your opponents.
 Example: basketball player making a fast break to perform a lay- up, a tennis player
moving forward to get to a drop shot, a football player out running the defense to
receive a pass.
Power is the ability to use strength quickly. Power is a combination of both speed and
muscular strength.
 Example: fullbacks in football muscling their way through other players and speeding
to advance the ball and volleyball players getting up to the net and lifting their bodies
high into the air.
Reaction Time is the ability to reach or respond quickly to what you hear, see, or feel.
 Example: an athlete quickly coming off the blocks in a swimming or track relay or
stealing a base in baseball.
Ultimate Ball
Spirit of the Game:
Ultimate Ball has traditionally relied upon a spirit of sportsmanship which places the
responsibility for fair play on the individual players. Highly competitive play is encouraged but
never at the expense of mutual respect between players, adherence to the agreed-upon
rules of the game, or the basic joy of play. The purpose of the rules of ultimate is to provide a
guideline which describes the way the game is played. It is assumed that no ultimate player
will intentionally violate the rules; there are no harsh penalties for inadvertent infractions but,
rather, a method for resuming play in a manner which simulates what would most likely have
occurred had there been no infraction. Because of this approach to the game, SelfOfficiating occurs during play. Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls along
with resolving any disputes.
Players:
Official teams have 5 players
Playing Area:
 Played on grass or blacktop
 Playing Field is rectangular in shape (50 yards long by 30 yards wide)
 End zones extend 10 yards deep beyond the goal line
 Perimeter lines are considered out-of-bounds
Object of the Game:
Earn points by passing the ball to a teammate in the end zone (modified - a minimum of 4
passes before a score)
Length of Game:
 Official game:
1. Teams play two 7 minute halves
 Half-time: A 3 minute half-time break occurs at which time each team should
evaluate the
current game and make changes where needed.
 Time-outs:
o Each team is given one time-out per half
o Each time-out lasts 60 seconds
o Time-outs can only be called by an offensive player in possession of the disc or
during a stoppage of play
Skills Needed:
 Guarding (as in basketball)
 Overhand Throw: "Side to target": Point non-throwing side/shoulder to the target (i.e., if
left handed thrower, point right shoulder/side towards target). Dominant hand/ball
next to ear. "Step": Step with your opposite foot towards target (i.e., if throwing with
left hand, step towards target with your right foot). "Follow through": Follow through by
letting your throwing arm come across the opposite side of your body.
 Underhand Throw: "Face the target": Belly button should be pointing to the target.
"Step": Step with your opposite foot towards the target (i.e., if throwing with right hand,
step towards target with your left foot) "Bowl the ball": Use a pendulum arm motion
with the arm you are throwing with (i.e., like you are bowling). "Follow through": Follow
through to the sky or ceiling with hand your throwing hand.
 Catching: "Track": Track the ball with your eyes all the way into your hands. "Reach":
Reach arms towards ball. "Give": Give with ball as ball hits hands to make it a soft
catch. "Pinkies and Thumbs": Pinkies together if ball is below waist. Thumbs together if
ball is above waist. "Quick Feet": Move your feet quickly to get into position to catch
the ball.
General Rules:
 The game starts with a “Jump Ball”
 Players attempt to pass and catch the ball in order to advance down the field and
score. The ball may not be handed from player to player. S/he can then pivot around
the other foot, which must be planted on the ground. A dropped ball by the thrower,
without interference by the defender, is a turnover.
The defense takes over when a pass is incomplete, intercepted, knocked down, or
goes out-of-bounds. Defending plays continue at the point of the catch.
 Defense: “Man-to-Man” (students on defense must cover/defend a player on offense)
 If opposing players simultaneously catch the ball possession belongs to the offensive
player.
 When catching the ball a player must maintain possession of the ball after contact
with the ground.
 If the defensive team gains possession in the end zone they are defending play
continues at the point of the catch or this player may carry the disc perpendicularly
up to the goal line.
 Whenever there is a failure to come to an agreement over any call, the ball shall be
returned to the last thrower prior to the dispute via a "check."
Scoring:
 Regulation Scoring = 1 point for each score
 Only 1 foot of the receiver must be in the end zone.
 A player may not score by running into the end zone.
 A point is scored when a team gains possession in the end zone.
 Following a score, the team scored upon puts the ball into play 3 steps outside the
goal area.
Fouls:
 A player who is fouled calls "foul" and all players must stop at their location when the
call was made.
 A fouled player takes possession of the ball at the point of the infraction.
 A "Check" must occur in order for play to resume.
 If a foul occurs in the end zone, possession is gained at the goal line nearest the point
of infraction.
 No intentional contact by the offense or defense is allowed.
 Physical contact during a throw is a foul against the marker. (Incidental Contact
during the follow-through is not a foul).
 Incidental contact during and after a catch is often unavoidable and is not
considered a foul.
 Violent contact is a foul, and must be avoided.
Violations:
For all violations the opponent must call out "Violation" and then name the violation that
occurred.
1. Ball Space:
o Marking too closely (reaching around or into the thrower's body space) or
touching the thrower
o Penalty: Marker must re-start the stalling count
2. Vision Blocking:
o A marker intentionally blocks the thrower's vision
o Penalty: Marker must re-start the stalling count
3. Stalling:
o The marker calls "stalling" and then counts aloud for 10 seconds (modified 5
seconds) for any player standing in their end zone with the ball.
o The ball must be released by the end of the count.
o Penalty: Turnover to Defense
4. Fast Count: (Change of possession)

When the marker counts faster than one per second the thrower will call out
"violation - fast count".
o Penalty: Marker must restart the stalling count at zero
5. Stripping: The ball may not be knocked out of or taken from the hands of a player in
possession of the ball.
o Penalty: Marker must re-start the stalling count at zero
6. Traveling:
o A player may not run or take steps while in possession of the ball.
o When catching the ball the receiver is allowed a reasonable number of steps
(typically 2) to stop their momentum.
o If the receiver's momentum carries the receiver across the goal line the receiver
must return outside the goal to resume play.
o A thrower may pivot. (Changing the pivot foot is illegal).
o Purposeful bobbling or tipping of the ball to oneself in order to gain an
advantage is considered traveling.
o Penalty: Turnover to Defense
Terms:
 Check: Formal means of resuming play after teams agree on ball possession and
position (both teams must be ready before play resumes)
 Ball Space: Violation of marking too closely by touching the thrower or reaching
around the thrower
 Defense: Team not in possession of the ball
 End Zone: Area of the playing field where scores are made
 Fast Count: Violation when a marker counts faster than one per second
 Foul: Physical contact by any player that is not incidental to play
 Goal Line: Line separating the playing field from the end zone, not considered part of
the end zone
 Marker: Defensive player within 3 meters (modified 1 arm's length) guarding the
thrower
 Offense: Team with possession of the ball
 Out-of-Bounds: Any area not on the playing field, including the perimeter lines
 Perimeter Lines: Lines separating the playing field & end zone from the out-of-bounds,
not part of the playing field
 Pick: When an offensive player obstructs the movement of an opponent whether
intentional or not, play is resumed with a check of the ball to the offensive player who
had possession at the time of the pick. (Not a legal play.)
 Pivot: Foot ground contact used to establish position on the field after gaining
possession of the ball
 Point of Contact: Location on the field where a player contacts the ball or an
opponent
 Receiver: Offensive player other than the thrower
 Stalling: Violation when the marker counts out loud for 10 seconds (modified 5
seconds) and the thrower has not released the ball from his/her end zone area
 Stripping: Violation where the marker knocks the ball from the thrower's possession
 Thrower: Offensive player in possession of the ball
 Traveling: Violation where the pivot foot is changed, or steps are taken with the ball
beyond those necessary to stop after a catch
 Turnover: When the defensive team receives possession of the ball
o
Violation: Any infraction of the rules other than a foul
Vision Blocking: Violation when the marker intentionally blocks the thrower's vision
Basketball
BASIC RULES:
 There are 5 players per team allowed on the court at one time.
 The most common game length consists of two 20 minute halves of stop time but varies
based on level.
 A team can substitute when the referee has stopped play and the ball is in their
possession or on any foul. If the ball is not in your teams’ possession and the other team
substitutes, you may also substitute.
 A team is permitted two timeouts per half.
SCORING:
 Field Goal (2 point shot) - Shot made from anywhere during play inside the 3 point arc.
 Field Goal (3 point shot) - Shot made from anywhere outside the 3 pt arc.
 Free throw (1 point) - Unguarded shot taken from behind the free throw line while the
clock is stopped.
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS:
A. Footwork
 Jump Shot – Both feet land simultaneously and parallel, either foot may be used as the
pivot foot.
 Stride Shot – Feet land one after another and they are staggered, the first foot to contact
floor is the pivot foot.
 Pivoting – Front pivot and reverse pivot.
 Front Pivot- Player steps forward with the free foot while keeping knees bent.
 Reverse Pivot- Performed by stepping back with the free foot. d. Triple Threat
Position – Stance of an offensive player who is in position to shoot, pass or dribble.
B. Dribbling: Act of bouncing the ball against the floor with one hand.
Cues: Hands cupped, finger pads and thumb contact the ball, wrist and elbow flexed to
absorb the upward force of the ball, extension of elbow and wrist to push the ball to the floor
- waist high.
1. Control Dribble – Ball is dribbled low to the ground and body remains between the ball
and opponent.
2. Speed Dribble – Ball is pushed in front of your body and it is dribbled higher. (Free
break to basket)
3. Crossover Dribble – Ball is dribbled from one hand to the other to protect it from the
opponent.
4. Reverse Dribble – While executing a reverse pivot the player continues to dribble the
ball and changes hands during the execution of the pivot.
C. Passing: Purpose is to move the ball up the court to get in better scoring position.
 It requires 2 people; a passer and a receiver.
 Passer must pass to an open teammate and use fakes to keep the defense out of the
passing lane.
 Receivers should always have a target up for the passer.
1. Chest Pass – The chest pass is used only when you have a clear path to the receiver.
When stepping towards your target, at the same time the ball should be released with
a quick snap of the wrists. Cues: Thumbs end up pointing towards the floor and elbow
extended.


2. Bounce Pass – The bounce pass is useful for going underneath the arms of a defender.
Same as chest pass except the ball should hit the floor about 2/3 of the way to the
receiver and bounce up to be caught around the midsection. (Slowest pass in
basketball)
3. Overhead Pass - The overhead pass is useful when closely guarded, especially if you
are taller than your opponent. It is also very useful for an "outlet" pass after a defensive
rebound. Hold the ball with both hands, using the finger pads and thumb on the
outside of the ball. Hold the ball above your forehead, not behind your head where it
is easily stolen. Step towards your target and pass the ball with a snap of the wrist and
flick of the fingers. After you have thrown the ball your palms should be facing out,
thumbs down and fingers forward. 5. The target area is the receivers chest or
shoulders, or their target hand.
4. Push Pass – The push pass is perhaps the most common pass used in basketball. It is
called a "push pass" because the ball is pushed outwards from the shoulder using one
hand. From the triple threat position, the player pushes the ball toward the target and
snaps the wrist on the follow through.
D. Shooting
1. Lay-up – A close in shot usually made off the backboard.
 Right Hand Lay-up
 Pick ball up on right foot (outside foot)
 Take off on left foot (inside foot) and drive right knee high into air
 Bring ball up with both hands to protect it and release ball with right hand using
the underhand method (palm facing upward)
 Lay the ball off the backboard above and slightly to the right of the rim
 Left Hand Lay-up
 Pick ball up on left foot (outside foot)
 Take off on right foot (inside foot) and drive left knee high into air
 Bring ball up with both hands to protect it and release ball with left hand using
the underhand method (palm facing upward)
 Lay the ball off the backboard above and slightly to the left of the rim
2. One Hand Set Shot
 Grip: The shooting hand is cupped and directly underneath the ball. The nonshooting hand is on the side of the ball and it is for balance and support.
 BEEF
 B - Balance: Triple threat position, feet shoulder width apart, knees slightly bent,
hips and shoulders square to basket, ball is at chest with proper grip in a position
to shoot, pass or dribble.
 E - Elbow: The shooter’s elbow is bent and in tight to the body (it elevates the
ball to the forehead)
 E - Extension: The arm straightens
 F - Follow Through: The wrist snaps toward the basket (ball leaves hand with
backspin)
E. Rebounding
 There is more to rebounding than catching the ball after it hits the rim or backboard…
 Box out your opponent by keeping your body between them and the basket (keep on
back)
 Be in a low, strong position to maintain your box out
 Locate ball, jump and catch with 2 hands
 Land on floor and protect ball by keeping your elbows out
 Pass the ball to the outlet immediately
FOULS: Infraction of the rules involving contact that results in awarded free throws or
possession of the ball.
 Blocking - impeding the progress of an opponent by extending one or both arms
horizontally or getting in the path of a moving player.
 Charging - running into a stationary player while you are moving with the ball; a foul
against the offense
 Hacking/Reaching - the player hits the arm or hand of the person holding the ball.
 Holding - the player holds the person with or without the ball.
VIOLATIONS: Results in a change of possession with the team in bounding the ball at the side
line opposite where the infringement took place
 Traveling- Moving illegally with the ball by lifting or dragging the pivot foot without
dribbling.
 3 Seconds- Offensive player remains in the free throw lane (area under basket) for more
than 3 seconds.
 5 Seconds- When a player does not throw the ball in before the referee has counted to 5
seconds.
 10 Seconds- When a team fails to bring the ball from the defensive court to the offensive
court in 10 seconds.
 30 Seconds- When a team fails to shoot a ball which makes contact with the rim before
30 seconds has expired.
 Double dribble- Player dribbles the ball with both hands at the same time or they stop
and then start dribbling again.
 Over and Back- When the offense passes or dribbles the ball from the offensive court to
their defensive court.
TERMS:
 Air ball - a shot that completely misses the rim and the backboard
 Assist - a pass to a teammate who then scores a field goal.
 Dunk - to throw the ball down into the basket with the hand above the level of the rim
 Fast break - dribbling or passing the ball towards your basket before the defense can set
up
 Man-to-man - a defensive strategy where everyone guards an assigned player
 Turn Over - any loss of the ball without a shot being taken
 Zone Defense - a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead of a player
(2-1-2, 2-3)
Muscle Diagram