Chemistry
For the
Rubber Industry
Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Dithiocarbamates.................................................................................................................................................. 4
BiDD
CuDD
ZBeD/ZBEC
ZDBC
ZDEC
ZPD
Arbestab Z
Aqueous Dithiocatbamates.................................................................................................................................. 6
SDBC
SDMC
Activated Dithiocarbamates................................................................................................................................. 6
ZDBCX
SAA30
Antioxidant Dithiocarbamates............................................................................................................................. 8
NDBC
ZDBC
Arbestab Z
Thiurams................................................................................................................................................................ 10
P25
TBZTD
TBUT
Thioureas............................................................................................................................................................... 12
DETU
LATU
TRIBTU
DBTU
Xanthogens........................................................................................................................................................... 14
AS100
ZIX
DIXD
Special products................................................................................................................................................... 14
SAA30
Delta
Robac PM Polymer Masterbatch Range.................................................................................................…......... 16
Blowing Agents..................................................................................................................................................... 16
Chemicals for the Plastic Industry...................................................................................................................... 18
Applications in Rubber & Plastic........................................................................................................................ 19
Applications in automotive & Engineering
Sectors...........................................................................................
20
Applications in Personal Protective Equipment & Consumer Products......................................................... 21
Robinson Brothers Company Activities............................................................................................................. 22
Low nitrosamine vulcanisation systems are
available as preformulated blends.
Safe and non nitrosatable chemicals suitable
for customers to prepare their own system
include:
For Latex:
Arbestab Z Robac ZBed
Robac ZIX Robac AS100
Arbestab 35% dispersion
Robac AS100 60% emulsion
For Dry Rubber:
Robac AS100
Robac ZbeD
SAA30 PM 50
Customers are invited to request specific
technical booklets.
In addition to our activities in Rubber chemistry,
Robinson Brothers has particular
expertise in the synthesis of pharmaceutical
intermediates. This encompasses functions within
the company from marketing, research and
development, pilot plant trials, analytical method
development and production.
This expertise is applied to the rubber additives
business where there is an emphasis on finding
novel, cost effective solutions to both application
and legislative problems. Our technical support
service team will help your technologists find the
ideal solution to your problems.
Current areas of research include nitrosamine
safe systems, novel sulfur cure systems and low
temperature cure.
Specific customer requests for chemicals not
listed in these pages will also be considered.
Contact us today to see how we can make your
next project a success.
Introduction
The Robac range of rubber additives and
masterbatch (PM) products is listed in the
following pages.
CH3
Trade Name
Chemical Name
M.Pt
Relative
Density
Colour
BiDD
Bismuth dimethyl
dithiocarbamate
>300oC
2.1
Yellow
CuDD
Copper dimethyl
dithiocarbamate
>200oC
1.6
Brown
ZBeD/ZBEC
Zinc dibenzyl
dithiocarbamate
180oC
1.3
White
ZDBC
Zinc dibutyl
dithiocarbamate
105oC
1.2
White
ZDEC
Zinc diethyl
dithiocarbamate
175o
1.5
White
ZPD
Zinc
pentamethylene
dithiocarbamate
Arbestab Z
Zinc di-isononyl
dithiocarbamate
Forms
Available
Packaging
Available
Availability
Chemical
Structure &
Molecular
Weight
Registered
Approval
S
N C
S Bi
CH3
3
Powder
PM75
25kg bag
25kg box
C
Powder
PM70
25kg bag
25kg box
C
C
FDA
Powder
25kg bag
C
FDA
BGA
Powder
O/T Powder
25kg bag
25kg bag
C
C
FDA
BGA
Powder
20kg bag
C
C
FDA
BGA
220o
1.6
White
Powder
12.5kg bag
C
BGA
74oC
0.9
White
Powder
FF
20kg bag
25 kg box
C
C
570
CH3
S
N C
S Cu
Dithiocarbamates
CH3
2
304
CH2 S
N C
S Zn
CH2
2
610
C4H9
S
N
C
S Zn
C4H9
2
474
C2H5
S
N C
C2H5
S
Zn
2
362
S
N C
S Zn
2
386
C9H19
N
C9H19
S
C
S Zn
2
755
4
Description
Safe-processing secondary accelerator.
Fast at high vulcanisation temperatures.
Suited to injection and transfer moulding.
Used in NBR and SBR.
Safe-processing secondary accelerator. Can be used as primary in latex. High
resistance to hydrolysis; low solubility in rubbers.
Fast at higher vulcanisation temperatures.
Recognised to have low nitrosamine potential.
Used in sheeting, extrusions and latex.
Used in NR, IIR, SBR and EPDM.
Widely used active secondary accelerator for dry rubber.
Can be used as a primary accelerator in latex.
Will prevulcanise latex; gives high modulus and transparency.
High solubility in rubbers.
Used in IRP and latex industry.
Used in NR, SBR, NBR, IIR and EPDM.
Used as an active secondary accelerator
Can act as primary in latex.
Will prevulcanise latex.
Used in IRP mouldings and extrusions and in latex compounds.
Used in NR, SBR, NBR, EPDM.
Safer processing secondary accelerator.
Imparts good shelf life to dry rubber and latex compounds.
Used in latex, IRP moulding and both moulded and d.v. footwear. Used
in NR, SBR and latex.
Long chain dithiocarbamate, readily soluble in hydrocarbon polmers.
Recognised to have low potential for nitrosamine generation.
Maintains light colour, particularly in gum stocks.
Will prevulcanise latex systems.
Used for latex work and as a synergistic secondary in EPDM.
Used in NR, EPDM, and NR latex compounds. Powerful antioxidant.
5
Dithiocarbamates
Safe-processing secondary accelerator for use in black and dark colours.
Fast at high vulcanisation temperatures.
Used in SBR and CV extrusions.
Powerful photoactivator in UV curing of ink and coatings.
C 4H 9
Trade Name
Chemical Name
S
N C S Na SDBC
Sodium dibutyl
dithiocarbamate
C 4H9
M.Pt
Relative
Density
Colour
Forms
Available
Packaging
Available
Liquid
1.08
(solution)
Yellow/
Green
45%
Aqueous
solution
25kg
poly bottles C
218 kg
C
drums
Liquid
1.18
Pale
Yellow/
orange to
green
40%
Aqueous
solution
25kg
C
poly bottles C
218kg
drums
Liquid
1.09
Brown
Liquid
25kg
C
poly bottles
Registered
Approval
FDA
BGA
227
H3C
S
N C S Na SDMC
Sodium dimethyl
dithiocarbamate
H3C
179
Activated
Dithiocarbamates
Availability
Aqueous
Dithiocarbamates
Chemical
Structure &
Molecular
Weight
ZDBCX
Amine-activated
zinc dibutyl
dithiocarbamate
S
+
(C6H5CH2)2N C S NH3 CH2 CH 2 S
2
698
SAA30
2,2' – dithiodi
(ethylammonium) 96-97oC
bis
Off White
(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)
6
PM50
25kg box
C
FDA
BGA
Secondary accelerator for latex.
Can prevulcanise latex compounds.
Easily added by simple dilution and stirring
Low solubility in the polymer.
Has been used to boost vulcanisation in heavily filled SBR latex.
Used in SBR latex.
Fast primary and secondary accelerator.
Liquid form facilitates use in adhesives, sealants and doughs.
Readily emulsified for use in latex.
Good solubility in polymers.
Synergises strongly with ZIX to vulcanise rubbers at room temperature.
Does not need zinc oxide to be effective.
Used in NR, SBR and NBR.
Ultra-fast environmentally safe primary and secondary accelerator.
Works synergistically with all other classes of accelerators.
Confers high state and rate of cure with minimum reversion.
Produces vulcanisates with a unique combination of high thermal and dynamic stability.
Works at lower concentration and requires lower amount of elemental sulphur and ZnO.
Capable of curing at lower temperature.
Used in NR, SBR, NBR, EDPM, CSM and IIR. Highly effective in (lattices NR, SBR, XNBR)
7
Aqueous
Dithiocarbamates
Fast primary and secondary accelerator in latex.
Can rapidly prevulcanise latex compounds.
Gives light colour and good transparency in unfilled vulcanisates.
Easily added by simple dilution and stirring.
Good solubility in the polymer.
Synergises with TETD to give low modulus compounds from CR latex.
Used in NR and CR latex. Chain stopper in emulsion polymerisation of unsaturated
monomer.
Activated
Dithiocarbamates
Description
C4H9
Trade Name
Chemical Name
M.Pt
Relative
Density
Colour
Forms
Available
Packaging
Available
Availability
Antioxidant dithiocarbamates
Chemical
Structure &
Molecular
Weight
NDBC(NBUD)
Nickel dibutyl
Dithiocarbamate
85oC
1.3
Green
Powder
PM75/70
25kg bag
25kg box
C
C
ZDBC
Zinc dibutyl
dithiocarbamate
>105OC
1.2
White
Powder
O/T Powder
25kg bag
25kg bag
C
C
Arbestab Z
Zinc di-isononyl
dithiobarbamate
74oC
0.9
White
Powder
20Kg bag
C
C
Registered
Approval
S
N
C
C4H9
S Ni
2
467
C4H9
S
N
C
C4H9
S Zn
2
474
C9H19
N
C9H19
S
C
S Zn
2
755
8
FDA
BGA
Powerful antioxidant in rubber and polyolefin systems.
Good solubility in rubbers.
Protects against thermal and UV degradation.
Used in cables and polyolefins and has been recommended as an anti-glaze additive for
NBR rollers.
Used in CSM, CR, ECO, EPDM, NBR and polyolefins.
Good antioxidant for NR adhesives and certain T.P.E's.
High solubility in hydrocarbon polymers.
Resistant to extraction by oils and fuels.
Protects against thermal degradation.
Suitable for white and clear compounds.
Good antioxidant in adhesives, polyolefins and certain T.P.E.s.
Protects against degradation in high temperature melt processes.
High solubility in polymers.
Maintains good colour on ageing.
9
Antioxidant dithiocarbamates
Description
S
N C Sx
2
CH2 S
N C S
CH2
2
Trade Name
Chemical Name
M.Pt
Relative
Density
Colour
Forms
Available
Packaging
Available
Availability
Thiurams
Chemical
Structure &
Molecular
Weight
Registered
Approval
P25 (DPTT)
Dipentamethylene
thiuram tetra/
hexasulphide
115o
1.5
Cream
to beige
Powder
O/T Powder
PM70
PM75
25kg bag
25kg bag
25kg box
25kg box
C
C
C
C
FDA
BGA
TBZTD
Tetrabenzyl
thiuram disulphde
124oC
1.4
White
Powder
O/T Power
25kg bag
25kg bag
S
S
TBUT
Tetrabutyl thiuram
disulphide
Liquid at
30oC
1.1
Brown
545
C4H9
S
N C S
C4H 9
2
10
Liquid
60% active
powder
25kg bottle C
25kg bag C
Powerful primary and secondary accelerator.
Will vulcanise rubber in the absence of elemental sulphur.
Effective at low and high temperatures.
Used in cables, IRP mouldings, extrusions and latex.
Used in NR, SBR, EPDM, NBR,CSM and IIR.
Less active secondary accelerator.
Very low activity as a vulcanising agent.
Synergises in blended vulcanising agent.
Low potential for nitrosamine generation
May partially replace TMTD where nitrosamines are a sensitive issue.
Liquid secondary accelerator, very soluble in hydrocarbon polymers.
Low activity as a vulcanising agent.
Used as a vital constituent is soluble E.V.Systems (MRPRA Publications).
Used in NR.
*Solid/Liquid at ambient temperature – refer to specification.
11
Thiurams
Description
C2H5
Thioureas
M.Pt
Relative
Density
Colour
Forms
Available
Packaging
Available
Flake
PM
25kg box
25kg box
S
C
C
Liquid only
25kg drum
C
25kg drum
C
H
N
C S
C2H5
Trade Name
Chemical Name
Availability
Chemical
Structure &
Molecular
Weight
N
H
74OC
1.1
White
DETU
Diethyl thiourea
132
C2H5
C4H9
H
N
C S
LATU
Liquid dialkyl
thiourea
Viscous
Liquid
1.0
Pale
brown to
pale
green
C
TRIBTU
1,1,3 Tributyl
thiourea
Liquid
0.94
Brown
Liquid only
65oC
Off white
Powder
N
H
160
C4H9
C4H9
H
N
S
N
C4H9
244
C4H9
H
N
C S
C4H9
N
H
DBTU
Dibutyl thiourea
188
12
25kg bag
C
Registered
Approval
Description
Active liquid thiourea.
Readily incorporated into adhesive formulations.
Medium speed in vulcanisation.
Used in adhesives and doughs.
Used in CR.
Useful non-staining antiozonant for unsaturated rubbers.
Will act as a slow accelerator for the vulcanisation of CR.
Used in certain tyre sidewalls, footwear etc
Used in NR, SBR and NBR
An active thiourea. A very fast accelerator for mercaptan modified
polychloroprene. Acts as an anti-corrosive agent.
13
Thioureas
The most active thiourea for the vulcanisation of CR.
Gives rapid vulcanisation at low, medium and high temperatures.
Can be used to boost EPDM sulphur vulcanisation systems.
Particularly suited to high speed C.V. processes.
Also acts as corrosive inhibitor for mild and stainless steel treatments.
Used in CR.
Xanthogens
CH3
Trade Name
Chemical Name
S
H C O C S
S
CH3
2
M.Pt
Relative
Density
Colour
AS100
Di-isopropyl
xanthogen
polysulphide
Liquid
1.3
Amber
Forms
Available
Liquid
60%
emulsion
PM40
Packaging
Available
Availability
Chemical
Structure &
Molecular
Weight
25kg poly
C
bottles
200kg drum
25kg box
FDA
C
334
CH3
S
H C O C S
CH3
Zn
2
ZIX
Zinc isopropyl
xanthate
149oC
1.5
White
OTD
Powder
25kg bag
C
Granules
25kg box
C
Powder
PM50
20kg bag
25kg box
S
C
PM only
25kg box
C
336
CH3
S
H C O C S
CH3
DIXD
Di-isopropyl
xanthogen
2 disulphide
54oC
Yellow
270
Special
Products
Registered
Approval
S
+
(C6H5CH2)2N C S NH3 CH2 CH 2 S
2
SAA30
2,2' – dithiodi
96-97oC
(ethylammonium)
Off white
bis(dibenzyldithio
-carbamate)
698
Delta
Activated
dithiocarbamate
N/A
2.0
Green
N/A
14
BDA
Fast primary and secondary accelerator for unsaturated polymers.
Nitrogen-free in its structure. Very soluble in polymers.
May be used to formulate nil/low nitrosamine vulcanising systems.
Can be used to boost vulcanisation in synthetic rubbers.
Is a sulphur donor ideally used with low levels of elemental sulphur.
Used in moulding and extrusion compounds.
Used in NR, NBR, EPDM
Active secondary accelerator.
Synergises strongly with AS100 in low nitrosamine systems.
Synergises strongly with dithiocarbamates and activated dithiocarbamates to give fast
vulcanisation at room temperature.
ZDBCX/ZIX may be regarded as the most active system for low temperature vulcanisation.
Boosts MBT in latex vulcanisation.
Used in adhesives and coatings. Used in NR and NBR.
Xanthogens
Description
Ultra fast environmentally safer primary and secondary accelerator.
Works synergistically with all other classes of accelerators.
Confers high state and high rate of cure with minimum reversion.
Produces vulcanisates with a unique combination of high thermal and dynamic stability.
Works at lower concentration and requires lower amounts of elemental sulphur and ZnO.
Capable of curing at lower temperature.
Used in NR, SBR, NBR, EDPM, CSM and IIR. Highly effective in (latices NR, SBR and
XNBR)
Active boost for use in EPDM vulcanisation.
All ingredients have LD50 in excess of 200mg/Kg.
May discolour white and light colours. Best in black and dark colours.
Used in high temperature C.V. systems.
Used in SBR, NBR and EPDM
15
Special Products
Main use as polymer modifier/moleculer weight controller.
Stabilisation for Hypalon (CSM) polymer
Secondary accelerator
Antioxidant for oils
Composition of Active Chemical
Binder
PM Activity
Robac PM Polymer Masterbatch Range
Trade
Name
Packs
CuDD
Copper dimethyl dithiocarbamate
EP
75 25kg bag
Delta
Proprietary activated dithiocarbamate
EP
80 25kg bag
DETU
Diethyl thiourea
EP
75 25kg bag
MBS
2-(Morpholinothio) benzothiazole
EP
75 25kg bag
NDBC
Nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate
EP
75 25kg bag
P25 (DPTT)
Dipentamethylene thiuram tetra/hexa sulphide
EP
70,
25kg bag
75
SAA30
2,2'- dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithio-carbamate)
EP
50
Sulphur
Sulphur
EP
80 25kg bag
TBZTD
Tetrabenzyl thiuram disulphide
EP
70 25kg bag
ZBeD
Zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate
EP
75 25kg bag
16
25kg bag
Relative
Density
of PM form
304
1.6
Dark brown
1.63
Bright green
132
1.1
White
252
1.2
Red
[(C4H9)2NCSS]2Ni
467
1.3
Dark green
[C5H10NCSSS]2
385
1.4
Cream
Formula
[(CH3)2NCSS]2Cu
(C2H5NH)2CS
C6H4NCSSNC2H4OC2H4
C34H42N4S6
698
Colour Code
Off-white
1.8
Yellow
[(C6H5CH2)2NCSS]2
545
1.4
White
[(C6H5CH2)2NCSS]2Zn
610
1.3
White
17
Robac PM Polymer Masterbatch Range
MOL.WT
of Active
Chemical
Chemicals for the Plastics Industry
Product
Form
Functions
Advantages
Arbestab Z
Powder
Free flowing crystal
Extremely effective high temperature
processing stabiliser and thermal antioxidant,
combined with effective light stabilisation
properties. Will replace hindered phenols and
synergises (improves) traditional systems.
Exceptional antioxidant even at
low levels (0.1-0.3%). Does not
cause discolouration. High
Thermal Stability, low volatility
and non toxic
FeDD
PM
Effective photo pro-oxidant (controllable
degradation). Degrades polyolefinic films in
sunlight.
Effective at low concentrations
(0.025-0.1%).
CuDD
Powder and PM
Efficient radical generator under UV conditions. Synergises well with traditional
Effective photo pro-oxidant and photo curing
systems.
of inks.
TBUT
100% liquid,
60% dry dispersion
Soluble EV, dynamic applications in NR.
Acts as a molecular weight regulator and chain
stopper
Easily emulsified
SDMC
Aqueous Solution
Chain stopper. Used in any emulsion process
Cost effective, aqueous
solution
DIXD
Powder
Molecular weight control CR, particularly suited Cost effective and easily
to SBR, EDPM and chloroprene polymerisation emulsified
Metone A
Powder
Very effective photo pro-oxidant (degrades
plastics in presence of sunlight). Synergises
with iron dithiocarbamates to allow controllable
degradation
MUNDA
Powder
Exceptional chain transfer activity, giving
excellent control of the process and the
molecular weight of the polymer. It is well suited
for emulsion polymerisation processes.
Efficient at low concentrations
0.0-1%. Low odour and easily
emulsified with both anionic and
cationic surfactants.
ODM
Liquid
Effective molecular weight modifier and shows
improved chain transfer activity over traditional
thiols. Used to protect silver from oxidation
(metal polish)
Effective at low concentrations
0.25-1%. ODM and the polymers
made from it have excellent
odour characteristics. Easily
emulsified. Can lower processing
temperature
18
Product
Arbestab Z Dispersion
Arbestab Z FF
Arbestab Z Powder
AS100
AS100 Emulsion
AS100 PM40
Delta
DBTU
DETU
DETU PM
LATU
Robac P25
Robac P25 PM
SAA30 PM 50%
SAA30 POWER
TBUT 100% LIQUID
TBUT
TRIBTU
ZDBCX
ZIX
ZPD
NR
IR
SBR
NBR
NBR
Rubbers
EPDM
CR
ECO
CSM
11R
NR
XNBR
Latex
SBR
CR
PolyOlefins
Others
Adhesive
ZPD
ZIX
ZDBCX
TRIBTU
TBUT 60% Powder
TBUT 100% Liquid
SAA30 Powder
SAA30 Dispersion
SAA30 PM 50%
Robac P25 PM
Robac P25
LATU
DETU PM
DETU
DBTU
DELTA
AS100 PM 40
AS100 Emulsion
AS100
Arbestab Z Powder
Arbestab Z FF
Arbestab Z Dispersion
Product
Extruded
Seats
Hoses
O rings
Profiles
Engine
Mounts
Floor
mats
Seat
Bridge Conveyor
Insulation
Composite Bearings systems
Tank
Lining
Corrosion
Adhesive
Inhibitor
Retreads
White
wall trims
Product
Arbestab Z Dispersion
Arbestab Z FF
Arbestab Z Powder
AS100
AS100 Emulsion
AS100 PM40
Delta
DBTU
DETU
DETU PM
LATU
Robac P25
Robac P25 PM
SAA30 PM 50%
SAA30 POWER
TBUT 100% LIQUID
TBUT 60% Powder
TRIBTU
ZDBCX
ZIX
ZPD
Examination
Gloves
Household
Gloves
Surgeons
Gloves
Condoms
Baby teats /
Soothers
Syringe
Stoppers
Tubing
Footwear
Garment
Elastics
Company
Activities
Robinson Brothers has a long-established
experience in the environmentally acceptable
handling of carbon disulphide and other
reactants which others could find problematic
especially when handled in multi-tonne
quantities.
Carbon disulphide is used in a variety of
thiocarbonylation reactions to manufacture a
range of dithiocarbamates, thiuram sulphides
and alkyl thioureas, plus several key
pharmaceutical intermediates.
Catalytic hydrogenation processes are another
established area of expertise and our range of
production scale autoclaves is constantly being
expanded in line with customer demands.
Specialised units are designed to carry out
reactions involving challenging reactants such
as phosgene as part a of a series of unit
operations.
Literature of our non-polymer range of
chemicals are available on request. We
actively seek opportunites to offer custom
synthesis as part of our business.
Contact us today to see how we can make your
next project a success.
registered office: robinson brothers limited, phoenix street, west bromwich B70 0AH uk
tel: +44 (0) 121 553 2451 fax: +44 (0) 121 500 5183 www.robinsonbrothers.co.uk
registered in england and wales no. 201053