THE
“
K I N G OF H U N GA R Y
T
HAT I S
”
N OW
A S UITO R
IN THE
E N GLI S H C O URT O F C H AN OE RY ?
A
R
TO
THE RI GHT HO N
H E R M AJ
E ST Y S
’
.
LORD J
P R I N C I P AL S E C R E
TA R Y
RU S SE LL M P
.
T TE
OF S A
.
,
F O R F OR
E I GN
A F F AI R S
BY
TOU LM I N
OF L I N C O LN
’
S
IN N,
SM I TH ,
ESQ U IR E
,
B AR R I
S TER
-
AT - LAW
.
I
L O N D ON
W u J E FFS
,
1 5,
AN D 69,
B U R LING TO N A R CADE
K IN G S ROAD B RI GH TO N
’
,
,
fo reign 2800m m: ta fl': Ra ga'JIamiIg
.
1 86 1
.
,
.
.
,
WHO
“
IS THE
”
KING OF HUNGARY
?
A LETTER TO LORD JOHN RUSSELL
.
M Y Lo a n ,
is re m arkable th at twice w ith i n the last th ree m onths
j udg m ents h ave been given in English Courts o f Justice in
m atters touch ing t h e dearest rights o f m e n and o f nations ;
and t h at in each c a se the j udg m ent h as been gi ve n in defer
ence t o fo r ei gn de m ands and adversely to t h e liberties o fm e n
and to t h e freedo m o fnations
So soon as the for m er of th ese cases co m m only called the
”
Canada Extraditi on Case becam e known i n England and
while i t was as yet dogm atically ass u m ed t h at the j udg m ent
could not be gainsaid I undertoo k to de m onstrate that it w a s
against the Law o fEngland I did this by showing t h at the
real points involved in the c a se ha d not been so m uch as
touch ed by th e Cour t w hile the j udg m e nt given was i n direct
contraventio n o f fundam ental Principles that have a lways
been recognized as o f param ount authority in Englis h Law
The correctness o ft h is argu m ent h as since been ad m itted by
t h ose w h o did n o t ve nture be fore to doubt th at t h e j udg m ent
o fthe Court m ust be accepted ; and w h at i s m ore i m portant
the result o ft h e a rgum ent h as bee n a cted o n by Her Maj esty s
*
Govern m ent
It
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My
t the subj t ( d t d
ua y
o f M o da y 7 th J
a r gum e n
M o r n i ng S tar
ec
on
n
,
a e
an
r
.
5th
J
an
O n the
@7 0
y ) w a s p ubli he d in
y d y o fi t s o w n da te
ua r
ve r
the
s
a
,
th e
4
With i n the past wee k there h as been a judg m ent given
wh i ch i n volve s questions o f even greater i m portance than t he
Can ada E xtra di t ion Ca se I f the j udgm ent given i n the ca se
o f the E m peror o f Au stria against K ossuth be sound the
crown of Q ueen V ictoria m ust fall fr o m h er h ead ; all th e
S tat utes o fthe E ngli sh Parl i a m ent for the last 1 80 y ears he
co m e wiped o ut with out the aid o f the Lord Chancellor s
and we m us t search the earth
S tat u
t e Law R evisio n Bill
fo r the heir a t—
law o f Jam es II and h avi n g set hi m o n the
th r one ho w o ur h ead s in hu m ble abase m ent before hi m
I undertake m y Lord to de m onstrate th at there is not o n
the face o f the Bill filed by the E m peror o f Austria in the
Court o f Chancery o n Wedn e sday 2 7 th February l ast eve n
the slightest p r i m 'fa ci e colour fo r granting the O rder o f I ii
j unction th at w a s actually awarded ; but that o n th e oth er
hand the facts alleged in the bo dy o f t h at Bill and in t h e
s i ngle Affidavit by w h ich i t was supported j oined wit h t h e
facts and th e principles o f La w of w h ich every English Cour t
o f Justice is bound to take j udicial notic e were
suc h as r e
quired the instant d is m is sal o fthe Bill by t h e Court
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t w ill b tho ugh t
ly p
L w
by L w y
t o h v put th
ibl
tt
i
up o th E t d i t i
it t d
m i
di
d th t w h e
O S t u d y th 1 2 th the E
i
li
i
d
f
b
t
h
t
m
t
h
y
di
t
i
t
i
n
t
h
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o
l
w
f
g
g
m d o
fi t
u t y t w ho m i t h d
d i g C h i f J u ti R b i o
fl w w
j ud gm t th t
t b f u d i it h e
dm i tt d
m tu e
fle c
t i th t h i l w i o f d ubt ful
t
A w k l t th S tu d y R
i w f u d it
y t dm i t th t th g o w i g
i ti o
f E gli h
L wy
th t th C u t w
w
Fi lly i t w
di dly
w
g i L w
d m i tt d by th Ti m o 1 1 th F b u y th t the u e f l gal o p i i o
d th t
ti ly h g d
t thi m m
t [ t ha t i
tly fi e w e k
h
i
u
l
m
t
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p
b
h
d
t
i t H ll i s lm o t u i m o u
u
m
m y
d
W
a ft
]
g
B
f
f t t h t th C u t f Q u
h i C d h gi
j udgm t
t th
t be u t i n d b f
fco u
All t hi i
w hi h
y C u t o fApp l
y ti f t y t m
d w ll illu t t
wh t I h v
m ly
f
te u g d
d p
t i m po t
ti l al u o f ta ki g ta d up P i ip l
Th
th
t ti f to y thi g ho w v h b
th t o th 9t h J u y th G
m
t o ut o d t C d th t ff tu lly u d th f ty o f th
m
t
f th E t d i ti
p et
l im e d u d
T e ty
m
Se e the P ar li m
ta ry R m m br an c r o f 9th F e b ua y 1 8 6 1 p 8
a
d
t
l
J
a
n
u
a
r
h
5
r
(
y)
Ti m e s
a
e rs
s an
as
oo
r
o
v e
s
a
re
er
c
ve r
sa
s a c or
ve r n
sa
s ac
en
/
e
,
r
er
e
r
one
n
e
”
a
ee n s
e
r ac
e
,
o
a
en
es
o
n
v
ea
r
e en
an a
a
a
e
r
a
,
e
ec
s
,
,
.
a
e
a
r
e
a
.
re
s
ve n
n
n
n
v
e
s
n an
s
en
a
r se
s, o
s
on
n
e
.
n
e
a
a s ca n
s
as
re
o
n
”
se c
r
.
r
o
e so o
n
a
on
x ra
,
a
n
as
r
a
e
e r,
e n ce o
an a
n s n s
a
a
a
’
on
,
rs
s
o
s, e x ac
ns er
s ra es
ca
n a
.
co
o
enc
e o r e an
”
av
on
ce
co n v c
n
a
,
,
’
r
n
s
e
s
an
ers
a
,
o
e
,
a e r,
ee
“
ar
r
e
a
n c
s
a
e
a
s
o
on
x ra
sco v e r e
er
av
,
e
e
n
a
re a
r on
e
e
e
n
r
n
e
s a
o
se n
an c a
r
a n ce a n
r
e va s
os
s
as
r
n
o
ner
n
a
,
een
e
a
ca n n o
o
a
xa
rs
n
o
a
an
e
en
ec
e
on
.
o
e s,
an
ar
e e
o
c
o
n
,
/
an
co r r e c n e ss
e
e
e
as e n
a
a s,
‘
e
o
n e ce ssa r
n
e rs
a
se e
as
s
a
,
re
C o ur
a or
e co n s
e
,
j ity o fthe
the m
o ss
a
a
no
a
a
,
ev n
e
a
,
a
,
a
r
o
,
en
on
a
o r
d th t
e on
n
.
r e a so n
n
co
s
e
a
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sa i
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r
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sa e
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r nc
an
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a
en
5
Th e propriety o f addressing th is Letter to your Lords hip i s
obvious When a foreign E m peror com es into an E n glis h
Court o fJustice to ask for o ur Law t o interfere wit h so m e
t h ing th at is alleged to be doing by one w h o was sole m nly de
by the lawfully asse m bled Diet o f a
cl a r e d a few ye a rs a go
”
Natio n o fwhic h that E m peror n o w calls hi m self king to be
—
the lawful Governor o f that N a tion a solem n declaration th at
re m ains yet unrevo k ed by th e only power abl e t o revoke i t
th e m atter is plainly i n fact a political o n e ; and the thin d i s
”
guise o finvok ing th e form s o fa Court o fL aw — o r Equi ty
m ust not be le t dra w m en s e es
i f y ou r L ord ship please s —
y
away fr o m the r e al obj ects sough t n o r fro m t h e real question s
that are at stak e
To be preci se and clear I w
ill re m ind your Lor d ship t h at
th e title and fi r st par agrap h o ft h e Bill th at was filed in Chan
cery on 2 7 th February 1 8 6 1 a r e as follow
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Franc i s Joseph E m peror o f
Aust r ia and King o f H ungary
and B o h e m i a
P la i n tif
William Da y Joh n Da y Josep h
Day and Louis Kos sut h
Defe n d a n ts
B e tw e e n
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To the R i ght Honourable Jo h n B aron Ca m pbell of St
A ndrews i n the County of Fi fe Lord High Chancellor o f Great
Britain
Co m plaining Shewet h unto H i s L o r dsh ip Fran ci s Joseph
E m peror of A ustri a and King o f H ungary and Bohe m ia the
above na m ed Plainti ff a s follows
T h e P la i n tifl i s the Ki n g ofH ung a r y and a s S U C H
i n r ig ht of H i s C r o w n h a s th e so le a n d e x clusi v e p r i v i le g e of
a utho r i z i n g the i s sue i n H un a r y of N o te s f
m
f
pay
ent
o
r
o
g
m oney to be ci r c ulated i n that Cou n try as m oney a n d a lso
the s o le a n d e x clusi ve pr i v i le ge of a utho r i zi n g to be afl i a e d to
any docu m ent intended to b e publi shed or circulated in H un
”
gary the R o y a l A r m s of tha t Co un tr y
“
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The other allegations in the Bi ll are all repeated i n t h e Afli
by w hic h alone the Bill
davit o f R udolph Count Apponyi
6
was suppo rted and up o n w h ic h alone t h e O rder
was awarded T h at A ffidavit is as follows
,
o
fInj unction
.
I
the am b a ssad or
am
s
a
A
t
r
i
u
,
of
M aj esty i s a lso
the E m p e r o r
I m per i al
ri
a
h
t
g
h
s
i
f
o
cr o wn ,
th i scoun t r y o fhi s Im per i al M aj e st y
w ho i s the P l a i nti f
f i n th i s cau se
His
Ki n g of H un ga r y and a s s uch he ha s i n
to
.
the so le
an
e x clusi v e
d
utho r i zi n g the i ssue , i n H zm ga r y ,
i ntende d t o b e
so le
an
d
f
o
p
r i vi le
n o te s
ci rcul ated i n that coun tr y
e x clusi v e
m ent
i n te n d e d to
a rm s
h
at
t
of
g f
p
he p ubli she d o r
r i v i le
co un tr
y
,
,
i
ssui n , a n d
f
g
e o
g
f
a
or
as m
,
,
p
f
m
ent o
y
f
o
m on ey
on ey ; and al so
t he
i g to he afii x e d , to a n y d o cu
ci r cula te d i n H un a r , the R o a l
y
g y
a utho r i z n
e o
.
ver y l a r ge p o r ti o n a n d to the b e st o fm y b el ief near ly the
wh o l e o fthe p r esen t ci r culati o n i n H un gar y c o n si st s o f note s o f
the N at i o n al Ba n k o fAu st r i a whi ch a r e i ssued un d er the a utho
r it
ng of
o f hi s Im per i al M aj e st
i
pe
ust
a
K
E
m
r
r
A
r
i
a
n
d
a
s
o
o
f
y
y
H u n ga r y ; a n d the se note s u n de r the a uthor i ty o f hi s Im per i al
M aj e sty ci r culate i n H un ga r y a s m o n ey a n d a r e fo r su m s o fo n e
fl o r i n a n d upwar d s each
I have b een i n fo r m ed a n d b eli eve that the defe n d a n t s Wi l
li am Da y J o hn Da y a n d Joseph Da y car ry o n b u si nes s i n L o n d o n
a s l i th o g r aphe r s i n par t n er sh i p u n der the fir m o f M e ss r s D a y
a n d So n s
I have b ee n i nfo r m ed a n d b el i eve that the sai d M e ssr s Da y
a n d S o n s have p r epar ed plate s f
o r p r i n t i n g o r l i th o gr a ph i ng d o c u
m en t s wh i ch pu r p o r t t o he n o tes o fthe H u n gar i a n nat i o n o r st a te
a
n
a n d a r e de si gne d t o b e c i r c ul a te d a s m o n ey i n that c o un t r
d
;
y
I have b een i n fo r m e d a n d b el i eve that th e y hav e d o n e th i s un d er
the d i r ect i o n o f L o ui s K o ssuth w ho i s o n e o fthe ab ove m en t i on e d
De fen d a n t s a n d th a t they by hi s d i r ect i o n a r e n o w en ga ge d i n
p r i nti n g o r l i th o gr aphi n g fr o m the plate s so p r ep a r ed by the m
d o c um e n t s wh i ch pu r p o r t t o b e such n o t e s a s a fo r e sai d ; a n d
o r the sak e o f di st i nct i o n I her eafte r r e fe r t o a s spu r i o u s
w hi ch f
n o te s
O n the 26 th o f the p r e se nt m o n th o f F e b r uar y I o bt a i n ed
o n e o fthe sai d sp ur i o us n o tes whi ch ha d b een p r i nt e d by the sa i d
The e x h i b i t m ar k e d A p r o du ce d a n d
M e ssr s Da y a n d So n s
fid av i t i s the spu
sh o w n t o m e at the t i m e o f m y sw e a r i n g thi s af
A
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9“
are ,
So m
fo r the
p
y
t
ge s to w hi ch i t i s n e ce ss a r t o ca ll
co n v e n i e n ce o fthe r e a e r , h e r e
n i a li cs
i
u
t
p
e of
the
a ssa
d
.
p r ti
a
cula r a
tt ti
en
on
,
7
ri
ons note
so
o btai ned
by
me
.
T he bo dy
f
o
thi s d o cum e n t i s i n
and the
ar m s o f whi ch ther e i s a p r i n t at the b ottom a r e the R oyal ar m s
The b o dy o fthe sai d n o te when tr an slated i nt o
o f th a t c o unt r y
On e fl o r i n
E n gl i sh i s a s fo llows
Thi s m o netar y note w ill b e
n gar i an state and pub li c
H
r ecei ved in ever
u
a
o
f
fi
c
a
s one
e
y
p y
fl o r i n i n si lver — thr ee zwan ziger s b e in g o n e fl o r i n
a n d i t s wh o l e
n o m i nal value i s guar anteed b
m e o f the
the
tate
I
n
the
na
S
y
—
n
nati o
L o u1 s K o ssur n
I b eli eve th a t a gr eat num b er o fthe spur i o u s n o tes wh i ch the
sa i d M es sr s D a
actu
a n d S o n s a r e m an uf
r in g a r e f
o r o n e flo r i n
y
each a n d th a t the r em ai n der a r e fo r o ther sum s so m e lar ger a n d
so m e s m aller than o n e fl o r i n a n d that all the se spur i ou s n o te s a r e
num b er e d and that w i th the n ece ssar y var i at i o n o f the nu m b e r
pu
a n d the a m o un t wh i ch the
r po r t t o r ep r e se n t [ hey a r e ] the
y
t
sa m e a s the sai d e x h i b i t A ; a n d I have b een i n fo r m e d a n d b e
li e ve that the t o tal n o m i nal am o u n t o f the spur i o u s n o te s wh i ch
the sai d M e ssr s Da y a n d Son s a r e m a n u factur i ng w i ll b e ver y lar ge
a n d w i ll e x cee d
fio r i n s
I have b een i n fo r m ed a n d b el i eve that the sai d M e ssr s Da y
a n d S o n s have n ear l
c
o m pleted the m an u fac tu r e o f the sa i d spu r i
y
o us note s and that the
n o w have i n thei r han d s a v e r y lar ge
y
num b er ther e o f en t ir ely o r n e a r ly com pleted ; a n d that they i n
te n d ve r y sh o r tly a n d ( a s fa r a s I ca n a scer tai n) i n the c o ur se o f
the p r e sen t week t o d eli ver the sam e t o the sa i d L o ui s K o ssuth ;
a n d I b el i e v e a n d fr o m the i n fo r m at i o n wh i ch I a s such a m b a s
sa d o r a s afo r e sa i d h a ve o b t a i n e d I hav e n o d o ub t th a t the sai d
L o ui s K o ssuth i n te n d s a s so o n a s he ha s r e cei ved the sa i d S pur i
o us n o te s w i th o ut a n
auth
o r i ty fr o m hi s I m p e r i a l M a j e st y t o
y
n
a
a
d
se n d the sam e t o age n t s e m pl o e d b
i
m
n H u n gar
th
t
h
i
;
y
y
y
he i n ten d s b y m ean s o f hi s sai d agen t s t o sell so m e o fth e se spu
o r what e ve r
r i o n s n o t e s i n H un g a r
t
o p e r so n s r e si d en t the r e f
y
i
su m s he ca n
th
s and othe r m ean s t o i n
t
f
r the s a m e a n d b
e
o
g
y
t r o d uce the sa m e i n t o ci r culat i o n i n H un gar y ; a n d th at he i n te n d s
t o use the r em a i n d er o fthe sa i d spur i ous n ote s i n H ungar y a m o n g
o the r p ur p o se s i n v i o l a t i o n o f t he r i ght s a n d p r e r o gati v e s o f the
f a s K i n g o f that co un tr y ; a n d I b li eve a n d fr o m the
P lai n t i f
i n fo r m a t i o n wh i ch I hav e r e cei ve d a s such a m b a ssa d o r a s a fo r e
sa i d I hav e n o d o ub t that the sai d L ou i s K o ssuth i n te n d s t o use
the sam e am o ng st other pu r po se s to p r o m ote revolut io n a n d d i s
the
H unga r i a n la n gua g e , wi th
w hi ch I
am
w e ll
i
u
a
t
ed
n
q
ac
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a
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e
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,
I m per i a l M aj esty the
autho ri zed the m anu
factur e o fthe sai d notes whi ch the sai d M e ss r s Da y a n d So n s a r e
m anufactur i n g o r the use ther eon o f the R o y al ar m s o fH u n g a r y
a n d I b el i eve that the i n tr o d ucti o n of the sa i d n o te s i n to H un a r
g y
.
,
,
wi l l
by tha t a n d o the r m e a n s
r e a t d e tr i m e n t to the S ta te am d to the sub e cts of hi s I m
e ria l
j
g
p
cr e a te a sp ur i o
ca use
us
ti o n the r e ,
ci r c ula
and
e m b er s o f the fir m o f M e ssr s Da y
and So n s b efo r e they p r epar e d the plate s fo r the sai d spur i o us
notes wer e awar e o f the pur p o se fo r whi ch the sai d L oui s K o s
suth i n ten d e d t o use the sa m e a n d that he w a s n o t auth o r i ze d b
y
hi s I m per i al M aj e sty t o p r epar e a n d i ssue the sam e a n d that the
sai d sp ur i ous n o te s we r e a v i o lat i o n o f the r i ght s o f the plai n t i f
f
a s Ki n g o fH u n ga r
i
i
t
I
el
eve
that
the
nte
n d t o d e l i ve r the
b
b
u
;
y
y
sai d spu r i ous notes when c o m plete d to the sai d L oui s K o ssuth
M aje sty
I bel i eve that the
.
m
.
,
,
,
,
fi
I
i nfo rm
r st r e ce i v e d
“
,
,
a
tha t
ti o n
M e ssr s D ay
.
and
So n s we r e
h
e sa i d s ur i o us n o te s, o n
d
i
m
a n u a ctur i n
t
t
h
e
3
rd
n
f
g g
g
p
of the
h
r e se n t m o n th of F e br ua r
0
n r e ce i vi n
t
e i nf
o r m a ti o n ,
p
y
g
en
e
a
.
I
a
t
o n ce app li e
d to he r M aje sty
F o r e ign Afi a i r s,
i n te rfe r e
an
d
on
an
an
d
re
d p r e ve n t
t he 23 r d
’
s
P r i n cip a l S e cr e ta r y
u
e s te d tha t he r
q
the
m
an ufactur e
M aje sty
o
f the
h
r e se n t m o n th, am d
t
e
f
p
sa i d S e cr e ta r
of S ta te , t o
y
o
’
s
f S ta te fo r
o
e r nm e n
o
v
g
t w o uld
ai d spur i o us n o te s
s
not
bef
o r e , I r e ce i ve d a
effe ct that he r M a
the
f
e st
s go ve r n m e n t we r e u n ab le to i n ter fe r e ; a n d I the r eupo n at
j y
o n ce c o m m un i c a te d w i th the go ve r nm e n t a t V i e n n a o fhi s I m pe r i a l
M aj e sty the E m per o r o f A u st r i a ; a n d o n the 2 6 th of the p r e se n t
m o n th of F e br ua r y a n d n o t bef
or e
r ece i ved i n st r uct i o n s t o use
the nam e o f hi s I m per i al M aj e sty in such p r o cee di n gs as I m i ght
th i nk n ecessar y t o i n sti tute w i th r efer ence to the sai d spu r i ous
”
n o tes
l
p y
the
r om
re
’
,
,
.
So m e facts are disclosed o n t h e face of t h is extraordinar y
docu m ent w h ic h de m and notice before touch ing o n t h e m ore
i m portant questions t h at arise
In the first place it does n o t appear w h at business E u
”
dolph Count Apponyi had to m ak e any A ffidavit in this
cause at all O n hi s o w n showing h e is o ut of Court H e
tells us that he is a m bassador o fthe E m p e r o r ofAus tr i a B ut
t h e Plaintiff i n thi s cause rests his clai m solely and e x clusively
and A S
Ki n g of H un g a r y
upon the allegation that h e is
S U C H only h e co m es i n to Court
,
,
.
“
,
.
,
.
.
.
-
“
,
.
Th e Austrian A m bassador h owever
he applied to you m y Lord on the 3 r d
t h e subj ect of t he Notes to w hic h the Bill refers ; but t h at
on the 2 3 r d of the sam e m onth and n o t befo r e h e received
”
a reply to the e ffect th at y o u w e r e unable to
N o w t h is lapse o f 2 0 days is so m ething that h as to be a o
counted for by your L ordsh ip to the public Opinion o f E n g
l and
T he application ought to h ave been answered i n a n
h our Th ere w a s not t h e shadow o f a pretex t for entertain
ing t h e suggest i on of t h e Aust r ian A m bassador B ut you d i d
entertain i t You sent Sir R ic h ard Mayne h i m self to t r y
w h et h er h e could not fri ghten those concerned by t h e aw ful
dread inspired by h is own terrible presenc e It occurred to
the m w hic h it see m s not to ha ve done to your Lordship that
there is suc h a t h ing a s Law i n England and that th e m atter
to be considered was not w h at the rolling thunders o f Sir
R ichard May ne s voice m ig h t th reaten but wheth er the Law
o f E ngland had given Sir R ichard Mayne bac k ed by all t h e
i nfl uence of a governm ent an x ious to do the beh e sts o f Austria
the power to carry t h ose t h reats into e x ecution Parlia m ent
and the Public are entitled to require at your Lord sh i p s
h ands a co m plete j ournal o f th e transacti o ns o f these twenty
day s and to k now w h y the atte m pts t h at were actuall y m ade
by the Govern m ent o f E ngl and were abandoned and what
were the severa l answer s written and verbal given to R u
”
dolph Count Appon y i duri n g t h at ti m e and what sugge s
tions were m ade to that personage for h is future guidance
The E m peror o f Austria is
O n e thing is at present clear
better served than the Q ueen o f E ngland It too k twenty
days for y our L ord ship to give an an swer to a ver y plain ques
tion The Au strian Minister on the oth er hand received his
instructions on the 2 6 th o f February and not before
but
o n the very nex t d a y h e filed his Bill in C h ancery and bac k ed
it up by the long a fi d a vi t above quoted
When a sui t or co m es into any Englis h Court there are
three things t h at h e is bound to s h ow o n t h e face of his co m
plaint fir st th at h e h as hi m sel f a ri ght to co m e forward to
,
,
,
,
,
,
\
“
,
,
.
.
.
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.
,
,
.
i
,
,
,
,
’
,
,
,
.
’
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
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.
.
,
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,
,
,
.
,
,
B
10
co m plain se co n d that h e h as true evidence to bri ng i n sup
port o f h is co m plaint ; thi r d that the grievance alleged is a
real o n e A s the m ost i m portant questions in the present
case are involved in the first of these conditions I will gla n ce
shortl y at the third and the second be for e entering m or e
fully o n the considerati on o fthe first
It is alleged on the Plaintiff s behal f th at th e i n tr o d uc
tion o fthe said notes into Hungary will create a spurious cir
culation there ; and by that and other m eans cause great d e tr i
”
m ent to t h e State and to t h e subj ects o fhi s I m perial Maj esty
These words contain a note worthy ad m i ssion T h ey avow the
probability th at notes whic h h ave no rese m blance whatever
to the Austrian notes now i n circulation w h ic h are in the
H u n g arian langua e (w h i ch the Austrian notes are not) and
whose only possible clai m to credit o r respect is t h at th ey bear
”
a r e li ke ly t o be r e ce i ve d a n d a c
t h e signature Kossuth
m
cep te d a s m o n e y by the
op le of H un g a r y
T
he
co
plainant
e
p
could h ardly utter his o w n conde m nation m ore em p h atical ly
than t h is
”
A s to
detri m ent to t h e State and to th e subj ects I need
only sa y t h at t h e Austrian Governm ent ten years ago by
an act o f lawless violence confiscated an enor m ous sum o f
Notes w h ich were t h en under t h e full sanction and auth ority
o f th e Law i n circulation i n Hungary ; that it gave no value
for th ese notes and h as never since ack nowledged any clai m
o n their account ; and that th erefore it lie s not in the m outh
o fthe E m peror o f Aust ri a t o sugge st
detri m ent by the cir
culation o f any notes i n t h e rede m ption o f which in t h e face
o f e x perience any o ft h e people o f Hungary choose t o put any
confidence And yo u know m y Lord that H er Maj esty s
Govern m ent h old th at t h e people in question are t h e m selves
the best j udges o fth eir own
S o m uch for the thi r d h ead : now for t h e se co n d It is
alleged as the only state o f fact s upon which the co m plainant
support s hi s co m plaint that th e King o f Hungary h as i n
r ig ht ofhi s cr o w n [a ] the sole and ex clusive privilege o fiss uing
it
D e p t h o f Lo d J R usse ll t Si J H ud
d t d 2 7 O t be 1 8 6 0
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
’
“
,
,
.
-
.
,
,
g
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
’
.
,
,
.
,
“
,
,
,
s
a c
r
,
.
o
r
.
so n
,
a e
c o
r,
.
11
f aut h ori zing
t h e issue in Hungary of notes for pay
m ent o f m oney intended to be circulated i n that country as
m oney ; and also [b] t h e sole and exclusive privilege o fa utho
fixed to any docu m ent intended to be published
r i zi n g to be af
”
o r circulated i n Hungary t h e R oyal ar m s o f t h at co untry
I take t h e liberty to affir m th at t h e very statem ent o fthese
a s t h e only facts i n support of the co m plaint ought at once
to h ave caused th e Bill to be dism i ssed T h e Court was bound
to take j udicial notice t h at neither of these state m ents could
possibly be true Nor if true doe s it lie o n an E ng li sh Court
o fJustice to enforce a foreign law
An i m portant observation arises h ere wh ic h m ust be borne
in m ind through out th e rem ainder o fw h at I have to say An
Engli sh Co urt can only tak e cogni zance o f a co m plaint when
t h e m atter o fco m plaint is a wrong a cco r di ng to E n g li sh La w
I h ave gone fully into t his point i n m y argum ent o n th e
Canad a Extradition Case ; and as that argu m ent has had a
very wide circulation and is now ad m itted to be unanswerable
it is unnecessary to r e discuss this m atter h ere
We all k now that none of t h e Superior Court s o f Law in
E ngland can t a ke cognizance o f the use o f a coat o f ar m s
R udolp h Count Apponyi should h ave gone to Garter King
a t Ar m s and not to your Lords h ip wit h suc h a co m plaint in
the first instance ; and wh en h e go t your tardy reply h e should
have inquired not for the Lord Chancellor b ut when the
Duke o fNorfolk will h old his firs t Court Peradventure i n
d eed h e h ad h eard tha t t h e L ord C h ancellor h as broug h t in
”
a Trade Mar ks Bill and being o fopinion perhaps that a
”
King o f Hungary m a y treat his loving subj ects as m ere
goods and ch attels h e supposed that this Bill will apply to the
p r esent case That supposition will be found however to
have been a fond delusion
R udolp h Count A pponyi tells us t h at h e is
well a o
”
u
a
i
n te d wit h the Hungarian la n ua e
It
is
pit
t
h
at
he
is
q
g g
y
n o t a little better acquainted wit h the Hungarian L a w than
h e proves hi m self to be H e m ust pardon m y presu m ption
an Engli sh m an i n pretending to know anything about
and o
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
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,
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-
.
-
-
-
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“
,
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“
.
.
,
,
12
Hungari an Law : but it is a Law well worth the study o f an
E nglish m an ; and i t will be found be fore I h ave done that it
is rather i m portant to know so m ething about its te rm s and
provi sions though t h e striking rese m blance o fi ts great general
principles to those o f English Law i s o n e of its m ost re m ar k
*
able features
It is written t h en am ong t h e fundam ental Laws o f Hun
gary th at every H unga rian noble h as a share in the sacred
Crown o f Hungary and th at none is abo v e hi m but the la w
fully cr o w n e d Ki n g Kossuth is a H ungarian noble h e ha s
therefore the full ri gh t to put the figure of the Hungarian
Cro wn o n a n y d ocum ent o r any thing else that h e please s '
”
As to
t h e R oyal Ar m s of Hungary I content m yself
wit h explicitl y denying th at any such thing is recognized by
t h e law of H ungary T he Hungarian A rm s are a N a ti o n a
E m ble m w h ic h any H ungarian i s as m uc h entitled to use
in any m anner h e likes to indicate his nationality as any
Engli shm an i s to m ount a Union J a ck I
”
B ut t h e King o f H ungary clai m s t h e sole and e x clu
”
sive privilege o f i ssuing Notes H app i ly th is i s a clai m
whic h can be se t aside with the greatest ease and with abun
dant illustrat ion
I
w
k w hi h I p ubli h d t w lv ye
a go
d w hi h h d th
wid
i
b t w E gli h d Hu g i L w w illu t t d
th
cir cul t i o
om p
P
ll l b t w
S
i
l f th m o t i t
ti g b
h
th 0
ti tuti l H i t y fE gl d d H u g y 1 8 49 I h v
ti tuti
d C
i e l
i t
l d L ti w k o t he
d th t t h
m
ubj t
d wi t h
it
ly th
m
T tl
B ut I h
f o m th fu d m t l l w f Hu g y
N b i l pe
I Th f ll w i n g
i
m
m
m
i
i
o
i
d
t
m
t
i
t
i
t
d
l
m
m
u
d
t
m
m
b
q
p
p
p
ulli u q u p t
tu
p i i p i l g i ti m
e
ti ub
C
i
u
u
d
i
u
i
u
i
J
t
u
m
R
H
P
I ti t i v
u t p t t ti
C
o
(
g
g
i
ili
u
m
i
q
u
t
i
l
t
t
u
i
b
1i b t ti b u ]
i
D
u
i
v
g
[
p
p
p
t qu d
S u d li b t
bil t ti u R g i ulli u p t qu m p in
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
“
“
,
.
,
,
,
.
“
“
.
,
,
.
a
n
n
a
n
or
o n an
s nc
e arn e
”
e
an
s
ro
n
c
a
n
s or
e
r
a
an
or
n
n
r
n
a
en
a
a
r se
e,
r se c
n
a e
er
e
0 11
”
a
.
,
ec
e
s ra
een
e s
e
n
s n o
ar
r ae
r n c
n
e
e
ar
sa
s o
e
n ar
s e
n
as
e
'
e
an
,
.
ne
s
e
'
n
en a
a
e s
an
n e v e r se e n
co n n e x
n s
s
.
a
ara
ee
a
c
ar an
n
.
n
o
e
on e
es
an
,
an
s
o
e
r
ar s
e
r an c
n
a ve
ce n se n
”
or
a
e en
.
are
o
es a
e
e
i
o r o n as e ss
sa cr ce
e
ere e x s s an
e
ar
ere s
n
e
e
ona
a
o
a
s
on s
sa
e
s
a r so n
e
s
“
e c
,
o
se v e r a
n ear
c
es
o
e c a ra a
ar s
a r as,
er a
.
ra
e
,
e co r o n a
e
r
.
s
.
s
.
i
“
ci
ec
n
er as e s
a
o
,
n o
es
o
e i ti m e c o r o n a ti sub si n t
o te sta ti
i
l
s
g
p
p
I K i n g a hi a s C o r v i n us, n a le e r
”
(i b
.
Mt
.
e
n
ti t i x
.
,
n
s
a
er
r se
r
.
tt dd
d t the C o ll ge f C di l
wo d
i n th ti m o f P p S i tu I V u e d th
d b t d upli t m i ll m uc m qu R g i
Su S cti t
e t
t i
—
m
i
ig
i
l
i
i
l
i
l
u
t
m
H
b
u
t
p
l
thu h w i g
t
c
e st i
g
g
m
th t th
y l m f th K i g b ut m f th K i g d m o f
t
H u g y Se e l o p g p h
u d
i
p 16
ot
e
ns
n
ar
“
.
,
ar
e
x
as c r a
an
n e
e
a
o
e
a
i
s
en
s
”
a s
a re
,
.
e sse
n
e
s
n o
ar a
e
s
,
ra
a
r e sse
e se
r
e
ar
se c
o
s
s o
n
o
”
e
cr
a
e
”
r
ca r e v e
e,
e
n
ar
n n
o
ar
n a s,
s
ca a
er
a r ca
ro
a
,
e
,
.
.
e
s o
se
e
n
s s
.
e
n
n os r
o
o
n
13
S uch a clai m can only rest upon t h e Prerogative of coinage
w h ic h has usually been recognized in civilized countries B ut
an English Court is bound to take j udici a l notice o f th e Law
th is m atter and of t h e recognized Law o f
o f England o n
Nations Th e Law o f Hungary is entirely in accordance wit h
t h ese
If your Lordsh ip will take t h e trouble to refer to t h e Insti
tuts s o f Lord Co k e o r to any oth er real aut h ority o n such
s ubj ects you will find t h at t h e Pre r ogative o f t h e Crown a s
to m on e y extends o n l y to C o i n and t h at t h is coin is by t h e
co m m on law li m ited to gold and silver
It would be m ere
pedantry to d o m ore now th an give a fe w references o n t h is
*
subj ect
Th e Crown o fEngland can neith er m ak e nor issue
a n y m oney ot h er t h an gold and silver coin wit h out t h e as
se nt o f Parlia m ent
H ow stands th e Law o f Nations o n t his subj ect ? Your
Lo rdsh ip is fam iliar with Va tte l Th us speak s t h at great
a ut h ority 2
Since the State is surety for t h e goodness o f
t h e m oney and its currency t h e publi c aut h ority alone h as
th e righ t o f co i n i ng it Th ose w h o counterfeit it violate t h e
r ights o f t h e sovereign
w h eth er t h ey m ake it o f t h e sa m e
standard and value o r n o t Th ese are call ed co i n e r s and t h eir
crim e is j ustly consider e d as o n e o f t h e greatest Fo r ift he y
co i n ba se m o n e y t h ey rob bot h t h e public and t h e prince ; and
if t h ey coin good t hey usurp t h e p rerogative o ft h e soverei gn
Th ey cannot afford to m ake good wit h out t h ere be a profit
a llowed f
o r m aking it ; and the n t h ey rob t h e State o f t h e
profit to w h ich it only belongs In bot h cases t h ey do an
inj ury to t h e sovereign ; for t h e public credit being surety
for t h e m oney the sovereign alone has a righ t to order its
being coi n e d
Th us t h e right o f co i n i ng is placed am ong
t h e p r e r og a ti ve s of m aje sty
Fro m th e principles j ust
laid down it is easy to conclude t h at if o n e nation cou n ter
fe i ts th e m oney o f anot h er o r if it allows and protec ts t h e
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
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,
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,
,
.
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
,
,
3“
Se e 2n d
ns
.
,
.
574 57 9
2
a
l
so the
2
8
77
7
,
pp
1 3 9 ; 2 Wm IV 0 3 4, e tc
m e n ta r i e s,
c.
I t pp
-
.
.
.
.
.
3 d I st pp 1 6—
18 ;
S t a t ut e s 3 7 Ge o I II
r
n
.
,
1 B
.
.
.
c
.
la ck sto n e
’
s
1 2 6 ; 43 Ge o
Co m
.
III
.
14
co i n e r s
who
presum e to
do
it it does t h at nation
in
an
,
B ot h t h e rule and t h e reason for i t are strictly confined to
co i n and to the atte m pt to pass a baser m etal as if it were the
duly auth enticated good coin o f full value A m ere pro m ise
to pay is; o n t h e face o fit a m atter of cr e d i t only
T he Law of Hu n gary is ex actly i n accordance wit h th at o f
England and wit h international Law Th e King o f Hungary
h as never h ad any power to issue pro m ises to pay i n t h e nam e
o f t h e Nation
T o enable this to be don e an enact m ent by
the Diet is necessary And it do es h appen as a m atter o f
fact t h at t h e only person w h o at th is m o m ent h as lawful
po wer to issue Notes in t h e nam e of t h e H ungarian nation is
Louis Kossuth t h e defendant in t his cause Th is power was
expressly given to hi m twice : fir st w h en h e was Minister o f
Finance under King Ferdinand V ; a se co n d ti m e w h en o n
Ferdinand s abdication h e was appointed by t h e Diet to be
Governor o f Hungary T h e Austrian Govern m ent not only
confiscated bo th t h ese sets of lawful ly issued Notes but sto le
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
’
,
,
,
.
,
and a
r
i
o
r
p p a te d
p
to the
the
si lv e r
w hi ch w a s lo dg e d , by L o ui s
ffi
i
ll
s
w
t
o
i
o
n
m
f
a m o un t o
a s a m e ta
o
lli c ba si s fo r the N o te
o r i n s,
cur r e n cy
i n the B a n k
thus
Ko ssuth,
P
e
s
h
t
,
f
o
e sta bli she d
by la w
.
Th e Law o fEngland failin g to give y o ur Lordsh ip any m eans
o f doing a service t o t h e Austrian Govern m ent o n any o ft h ese
”
points t h e public waits with im patience t o know ho w Equity
could be m ade use o fto over ride t h e Law ?
I com e now to the fir st thing th at h as to be m ade good by
—
m
n
th e Co m plainant o the face of h is Co plaint
t h e first step
w h ic h is essenti al to gi ve hi m any standing place at all as
Co m plainant
E very Court o f Law i n England is bound to take j udicial
notice o fthe notorious facts o f History as well as o ft h e Laws
Th is Co m plaint sets fort h th at t h e co m plainant
o fEngland
”
”
is King o f Hungary and a s such m akes his co m plaint
T he sole and ex clusive ground o n whic h h e rests h is case
”
N o w it is a notorious
is t h at h e is King o f Hun gary
“
,
i
-
,
-
.
,
.
,
“
“
,
.
“
.
,
‘
La w
i
o f N a t o n s,
’
Bo o k
I
.
ch .
x
.
1 07
.
15
fact o f history t h at t h is E m peror o f Austria is not King o f
Hungary but in t h e eye o f t h e La w a m ere Usurper t h ere
H ad th e E m peror o fAustria set up h is claim a s E mp e r o r and
as h aving d e fa cto kept Hungary beneat h h is h eel by force
fo r t w elve y ears t h ere m ig h t h ave been a question raised as
to wh at conventional recognition m ust be d ip lo m a ti ca lly given
to t his position But w h en t h e claim is set up i n t h e nam e
”
o f
King o f Hu n gary and o f righ ts w h ic h are only pre
”
“
tended to belong to hi m as such t h ese considerations are
put altogeth er aside by t h e Plaintiff s o w n act
If som ebody were to m ake a com plaint in th e Court o f
C h ancery under pretence t h at h e is Jam es III King o fEng
”
land and clai m ing as such certain righ ts would Sir Jam es
Stuart with all h is natural sym pat h y for h is illustrious nam e
sake gr dn t an O rder of Injunction against Mr Gladstone
and t h is with out t h e Plainti ff entering into any undertaking
as to costs ? If h e would not t h en t h e course of the Court
o n t h e present occasion stands self conde m ned
Th e History o f Hungary is part o f the History o f Europe
Th e Crown o f H ungary is a m atter o fstr i ct se ttle m e n t by t h e
Legislat ure o f t h e Nation exactly t h e sam e as is th at o fEng;
land But it does h appen t h at t h e Law sworn to by ev e ry
King o f Hungary contains th e ex plicit recognition t h at t h e
righ t o felecting and crowning a King is i n he r e n t in t h e States
o fthe real m the m selves and that it is only by express ter m s
ul
o f settle m ent t h at t h e H ouse o f H apsburg h as un d e r the f
*
n t ofce r ta i n co n d i ti o n s any clai m to t h e t h rone
m
l
e
fi
Alt h oug h in Hungary as in England a S ettle m ent o f t h e
Crown was determ ined on so t h at Open disputes s h ould n o t
arise at every death o f t h e occupant o f the T hrone t his righ t
to the Crown is only i n cho a te unti l actual coronation ; a n d
th is coronation is obliged to take place within six m ont h s after
3*
i i p o st o m i m o d um p di ti se xus de fe ctum
Et o
i ta/m t v te r e m
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
“
,
,
’
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
-
.
,
,
,
/
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
n
a pp r o ba
tann gue
e
n um
i n E le cti o n e
da m
”
the
A.D .
.
pr e
—
S
e ctio n
(
se n
n
nn s
t
e
r e cep tor/m
r se
c
co n sue tud i/ne m
,
av
p r ce r og a ti v a m que S ta tuum
t Co r o n a ti o n e B e g um lo cum ha bi tur a m
,
r e se r v an
e
e
e
t Or d i
t i n te lli ge n
Ar t icle II o fthe Act o f th D i e t i n d by w hich a lo
t br ch Of the H p sbur g w a s c e pt d by the S ta te s o fHu g r y
An d se e n e t p a ge p a r a gr a ph quar to Of o t
11
of
e
.
a
an
x
s
,
a
c
an
e
ne
n
n
e
.
a
,
16
DEA T H o ft h e last occupant ; and it m u st be preceded by
the for m al putting fort h o f a Diplo m a under t h e h and and t h e
oat h o f th e he i r h i m self ; i n which Diplo m a t h e righ ts and
liberties o ft h e Nation a s a sep a r a te a n d i n d ep e n d e n t n a ti o n
Without t h e assent
a r e sole m nly r e declared and guaranteed
of the States toget h er wit h t h e la wfully cr o w n e d King no law
can be altered ; and a Diet m ust be held at th e least On ce
every t hree y ears
Your Lordsh ip will observe t h at H ungary is expressly de
n o t a n n e x e d to a n y o the r
cl a r e d to be an i n d ep e n d e n t kingdo m
*
S ta te but h aving its o wn sep a r a te C o n sti tuti o n
the
,
,
,
-
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
d r to p e ve t do ubt o r que stio I he e giv e the o igin als o fso m e o f
ce s r y to o b s r v
t h a t a t e ve r y
th e r e co d e d L a w o f H u ga r y
B ut it i s
C o n a tio
the e fu da m e t l igh t s a d lib e r tie s o f the n tio w e e de
cl a r e d
d the d e cl
tio w s e n r o lle d a m o g the r e co r d s o f the Die t Th y
will b e fo un d i the C r p u J ur i s H m g r i i
The e di tio s o f t h i w o r k w hi ch
I h v u e d a t ho e o f 1 7 5 1 a d 1 8 2 2
In
e
or
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pe r pr se a tta ctum foe m i n e um se xum Augustse
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ti q
tih a b
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se xu Ar chi d uc
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cum p ae m i ssi
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S cr a ti s i m m C s e a m e t R gia m M je ta te m cl m e
v i o pe
ti im e co n fi m a ti di plo m ti i a lii que p ae d cl ti Sta tuum e t O di um
Re gn i P r ti um qu R g o um t P o i ci a um e ide m
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f
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O fAct o fDie t
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ul tr o pe sua m M je st te m R e gi m p o f u ta Sui C o o a ti o e a d Di ae t m co
ti pe pti m e re c d tu qua li te r vigo e ti cul um 1 2 t 3 1 723 jus
o
eg
Hu g r i P tib u R e g i t P o vi ii s
H se di t i se Succ i o i i
foe m i e um August
D o m u Aus t i c t a l tum
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fue r it quo d ve e g se m p e o cc io cuju li b e t i n ugur ti o i a d p se sc i ptum
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r se sta b ili tum
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no
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r e gi s
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it
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m n e r e li gi o n i s, a d ho c d e le ctus e t d e puta ta s, pe r so n a s se cul a r e s, i n
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ca su,
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De us pr o cul
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ti q
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18
w h ich will com pel all i m partial
*
m
m
personal
acco
plish
ents
hi s
t h ink but very little Of
m e n to
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jud i ci i s
re
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p t
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r e se r v a ta , ub i i n r e us, le
g
ar e s a
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di ti o n e pa te n ta li um a d i llum d un ta x a t ca sum
a l i o ui n co n f
e
o cum e fie ctu ha c un i ca
o r m i b us, pub li ca ti o
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v a le r e t
F
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ar
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p
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tr a he n tur ,
pt
am
re
e
i
n
co n sue
i
a m M aje sta te m
g
1 71 5
:
a rt
tud i n e m
e x e cuti v a
a
ti o
n e Ob ti n e r i
ar
:
tic
re
n ec
,
p
gn
cle
i
futur um
a ut
jud i ci a r i o r um
p o li ti i pe
Di ca ste r i i
ulli n s
in
a ut
fo r o r um
se
im m u
c
r
d e n d a s le ge s,
m n e r e l i gi o n i s
co n
j udi ce s a b sque d i scr i i
er
' II
of
.
utili t a te ,
7 hi c lo ci
.
le gi ti m
r e gi a n o n
d a ti s i m pe d i e n tur
m an
on es
ae
gi a m
e
supe r i n
sa n ci ta r um
ti a m
ti
d a , a utho r i ta te
n o n n i si
ute m p o te sta s
a
(Ar ti
public
a ut
1 4, 1 7 23
.
j udi ci a
.
ti
e cu
hucusque ,
a -s
,
e xe r ce b i tur
S i n g ulo tr i e n n i o ,
ci ti us, a d e xi e n
g
t
di
co n
g
ce le b r a b un tur ,
d e li ge n d o s
R
dum
se cun
x
e
se n te n
a li o s
r e ce
ra
Pr o in de ,
.
t a b i tur ,
er
'
i
Di e t
se n su
le g um pe r
7
O f1
it te e xige te
et
n e ce ss
R e g i le gum
de
in
n
a
n
si gn a n
,
e
te r 1 6 5 5
4,
a r t.
R gi m
d
t
p
l g li cum li b t t p r
ibu
t
j
t
ii
u
c
e
u
g
pe r M aje sta te m
us e t O r i n e s ci r a o m n e
r e n o v a t o r um
ti a m
,
e
a
i R g i Disst i di e tur a d qu m S t t
tum co m p r i tu i d i ae ta li que go tia
d um im p di m
t ti d b i t p po i ti
t ct tu i u t U t a ute m p r tr
i
m
i
t
O
d
u
m
R
i
i
o um St t uum
u
n iv
fi ti v e
g
qu li b t d i t
g
t ff tu tur
d
t i o m i e t lla tu l g que i n i gula d i t co d
e
tu M j t
t f
f tu i p o cu
R e gi fut u is qui bu i t e m p o ibu vi m u
r is sui R e gii cur t ur a e st
( Ar ticl e ' III o f Di t o f1 7 90)
n e ral s
e
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e
e
r a va
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ec
e
s n
ar
c
:
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r ,
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a e s as
r,
a
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ro
t bi t
ga r i se pa r ti b usque e i e m a d n e xi s s a li a , e un
d i ti o n i b us hse r e di ta r ii s i n ct e x r a Ge r m a n i a m
t
i n se pa r a b ili te r
OR D IN E M
co n ce r n a t :
H ung a r i a
as
a
s a
se
a e
ec
e
ec
en
xa c e
r
po si ti o n e m
p
e st ,
qu d li ce t
e
t 2 , 1 7 23 ,
M aj e st a s S a cr a tissim a b e n ign e a gn o sce r e d i gn a ta
foam i n e i Augustae Do m us Aus tr i a cas pe r a r ticulo s 1
C E S S I ON I S
n
,
,
s,
e
t O r d i n um
d
e
sv s
.
Sta tuum
s,
e
’
a
en
n
on en
er a e
sre
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r
.
E r ga d e m i ssa m
n
a
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e
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.
na
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ra
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e,
re
quo que
S ua
succe ssi o se x us
o
de m qu m i
iti J U ' TA
,
in Re g H u
li qui R e gn i e t
no
e
n
s
S TAB I LI T U M
suc
i n di v i si b ili te r po ssi d e n dis , P r i n ci pe m
n i hi lo m i n us cum p a r i us a d n e xi s si t R e n um l
e r um e t
g
ac
tb
t
q b
f
r e la e a d
ib
to ta m l e ga le m r e gi m i n i s o r m a m (h uc i n te lle cti s ui us v i s d i ca ste r ii s
sui s) , i n d e pe n d e n s, i d e st n ul li a lte r o r e n o a ut
g
p Op ulo o bn o x i um , se d p r Op r i a m
ha be ns co n si ste n ti a m e t co n s ti tuti o n e m , pr o i n d e a le g i ti m e co r o n a to hae r e d i ta r i o
R g su
Hu g i
e
e
n
a de o
que
R e gi bus,
o,
a r as
ti m
p p ii
e
a
ro
r
S a cr a tissi m a
M aje sta te
a
sua
s
le gi b us
e
t
co n sue
id
,
tudi n i bus,
li a r a m p r o v i n ci a/r um di cta n ti bus
a r ti culi s 3 , 1 7 1 5, i
”
ge n d um e t gub e r n a n d um
( Ar cle ' o f e o f1 7
a
.
9“
e sca
The
pe
f
i
o llo w n g
i s the li te r a
~
L
OR D
ti
Di t
.
'
scr q i
E n n r sn ua v
fr o m
ta
'
ro
t
a lm e r s o n
F o r e ig n
to
que
non
t
em
hich L o r d
Lxm sm us
“
I a m dir e cte d by Visco un t P
w
succe sso r i b us
k
ve r o
8
e
P al m
S 'ALAY
,
dge
d
n or m a m
t 1 1 , 1 74 1 ,
t
ers on
re
ca n n o
t
.
Qfii ce D e c
a c n o w le
a
e i us
.
the
1 3 th, 1 848
r e ce i
pt
o
f
.
yo u
r
19
W h en Ferd inand V King o f H ungar y wa s crowned
h aving already given o n t h e 2 5 th o f S epte m ber 1 8 3 0 h is
sole m n Diplo m a as already m entioned h e swore by th e
L iving God and by His m ost H oly Mot h er th e blessed V irgin
Mary and by all th e S aints t h at We will preserve and m ain
tain God s C hurch th e Prelates B ar ons Magnates Nobles
Free Cities and all other inh abitants in all t h eir i m m uni
ties and liberties righ ts laws and privileges according to th e
o l d good and ti m e tried custo m s and t h at we will do Justice
”
to th e m all
Ferdinand t h e Fift h was a well m e aning m a n but easily led
away by th ose m ore a rtful H e thus allowed h i m self to put
h is nam e to m any unlawful t h ings o f w hic h it is only n e ce s
sary fo r m e now to allude to t h e Decree o f 3 r d o f O ctober
B ut wh en t h ose a bout hi m sough t to m ake hi m go
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
“
,
,
,
,
,
’
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
-
,
,
.
-
,
.
,
,
le
tte r
is
o fthe
so r r
yh
i st ;
ce i
ot
1 l th
e ca n n
H a n g ar/1y ,
n
ve
re
in r e ply I
d,
an
.
.
f the
e x cep t a s o n e o
sa
t ha t
y
The Br i ti sh G o v e r nm
u
yo
to
am
,
co mp o n e n
ha s
e nt
k n o w le dg e
no
A ustr i a n E mpi r e
f the
t p a r ts
Visco un t P a lm e r sto n
o
f
o
d
an
;
i
i
u
v e to m ke to he
i
t
n
w
h
h
h
M j e ty s Go v m t in
o
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y
u
h
m
e
al i t
co
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t
m
i
be tw e e G e a t Br it in a d H u ga y
t
e
o
c
o
g
ho ul d the f b e m a d th o ug h B o Ko lle the r e p r e se ta tiv e o f the
E m p e o r o fAu t i
t t h i C ur t
I w ish tha t th p ce o fsuch p ublica tio a s the p r e se n t a ll o we d m e to give
m e m
po d c o thi ubj e ct
o fth e co
f ll w
Th o i gi l i
d u D i G tia R e H u ga r i s e tc ju m us pe r De um viv um
N o F di
m M r ia m a c o m
i
t
i
m Vi gi
j
q
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t
i
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m
m
G
S
t
u
o
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p
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M g t s N o bil e C iv i t te s lib
D i D o m i o P la to s B
Ec l i
ui i m m un i t ti b u a c li b r t ti b u jur i b u l gi bu p i
m
e gn i
l
i
et
t pp o b ti co su tud i i bu c
v bi m u
i
ti qui b o i
om
i
v il gii
b u que ju ti ti m f i m us ; S e r e i sim i co d m A d e R gis D e c e t ( lu a
t i la u ula in cip i te qu dsi o
et s m t
a r t i cul i 3 1 e i u d m d
t m
‘
i p e r p t uum f ult te m ) o b e rv a b i m us fin
d ve b
Rg i
o
e tc usqu
t tit ul o p e ti
t o
N t r i H u g ias t qu a d illud quo cu que j ur e
d qu d p t r i m us ug b i m u e t e x te d m u ;
c m i u m us
a li
b i m us
i que ill f ci e m u qu cun que p o b o o p ub li o h o o e e t in c m e to
om
c to ti u
m i um St tuum
Si c
g i N o t i Hu gar ias j u t e fa c r e po t r i m u
D u a djuv t e t o m e S ti
o
P a lle ls b e t we e E n gla n d a n d Hun ga r y pp
t full le gt h i n
1 S thi
un
co m m
an
re
ca
ar
re o re
ore
e
“
r
e
an c
e
c e s as
s
s
en
a
’
s,
.
n
en a
n
,
‘
,
ee
8 4, 8 5
.
s, a
,
s,
a
,
se
se
s re
a
n
n
n
an c
s
,
o
oa
s,
c
s
as
’
a
a
r
n
s r
n
s
e xc
o
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r
s,
,
a
n
n
e
e
n en
n
r
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n
n
e
n
s
re
e
s
ve r
es
e
c
r
s,
s,
s
an
e
e
r
en
e r a s,
a
e
,
s,
a
s,
o n se r
s
r
n
an c
s,
,
n
a
ac
,
nes
a
e
e cr e
e
e
n
e
,
ra
,
,
e
n
e
.
,
n a
a
n
se
e
s
n
a
e
n
a
e
r
s,
s
n s
s
ne
a
a
n
s
ar
a
r
a,
e a
,
os
n
o
e
,
r
n
a
s
a
a
a
ne
ar o n
,
ac e
a
r
r ce
n s, e
s
n
.
n
x
s
s
n
co a s
r,
s s
n
e
re
s,
n
,
n
ra
en
n
,
s, a c n a n
e
o
e
a
en
s
e
a
e rn
.
en
o
o
s,
ss
n es r
o
n
n an
er
s
s as
n a
s
”
o
n
a
r
n
a
rr e s
r
n
ar
a
e s
so
s
r
r se
r
e
s r a a
r
a
er
n
r
c
s
a
c
’
n
s.
”
.
ar
n
”
,
,
20
furt h er h is kingly oat h rose up be fore h is conscience
But
”
was hi s ex cla m ation Tha t a ro yal
m y oat h ' m y o a th l
H apsburg sh ould be trouble d about his oath see m ed so r idi
forthwit h told the wo r ld that
culo us that th ose about hi m
Ferdinand was an idiot ; and they forced hi m to abdicate
T h ey th en set up t h e young m a n Francis Joseph as E m peror
”
in his place well assured that the education of
o fAustria
t h is young m a n had been so well attended to that t h ere w a s
no danger o f h is being troubled i n conscience about oath s I
m a y re m ind your Lordsh ip that t h e parties to t his creditable
transaction were t h e Archduch ess Sophia Prince W indisch
gratz Prince S chw a r tze n b e r g and the B an J e lla chi ch
Francis Joseph is not even the next h eir of Ferdinand V
T he nex t h eir was passed over I h ave to add t h at F erdinand
V is still alive and is at this m o m ent t h e only lawfully
crowned King o f Hungary ; that h is abdication was never
presented to t h e Hungarian Diet nor h as any action ever
bee n taken upon it by the States o f Hungary : t h at Francis
”
Josep h now calling h im self King o f H ungary h as never
bee n ack nowledged by t h e Diet —
h as never given t h e Diplo m a
w h ich I h ave s h own to be the essential prelim inary to Coro
nation and h as never in fact been crowned H e h as nei
”
t h er th e i n cho a te r ig ht to be King of Hun ga ry nor is he
”
King Of H ungary
H e cannot there fore clai m any
a ctua l
as
o f the prerogatives that belong to the King o f Hungary
”
such
T he righ t to deal with t h e Crown o f Hungary h as
clearly reverted — acco rdi ng to the funda m ental law o f Hun
gary sworn to by every o n e o f h er Kings o f the Hapsburg
race to t h e States o f the Nation
I h ave s h own that Francis Josep h o f Austria is not K i ng
of Hungary Your Lordship m a y in your nervous an x iety
to serve t h e interests of the illustrious House of H ap sbu r g
L orraine say t h at the L aw o f Hungary h ereon i s not a L aw
I ad m it
o f w h ic h E nglish Courts can take j udicial notice
thi s so far as t h e facts are not (which however m o st O fthe m
are) m atters o f notoriety in the History o f E urope But this
only places your Lordship i n a stil l greater di fficulty than
‘
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21
before A m a n w h o h as fo r m ore t h an eleven years bee n
unblushi ngly a cting the Usurper cannot now be let coolly
set up this s u
dden clai m to Kingsh ip H e m ust re m e m ber
tha t the E mp e r o r Josep h II t h e son o f Maria There s a h er
sel f was never ack nowledged as King by Hungary n o r doe
his nam e appear i n a single Statute of the H ungarian C o rpus
J ur i s
Francis Josep h m ust show that h e i s King according
to the Laws of Hungar y ; or else h e m ust sub m it to h ave t h e
case adj udged si m ply i n accordance with Englis h Law
I h ave shown that according to Hungarian Law Francis
Joseph of Austria h as not t h e s h adow of a pretence for cal ling
”
h i m sel f King o f Hungary
I will now de m on strate by
authorities t h at your Lordship will n o t venture for a m o m ent
t o question that accordi ng to t h e thoroughly settled Law of
E ngland he cannot be King o f H ungary and cannot be
treat ed as such by any C o urt o f Law in E ngland
Your L ordsh i p is awar e that by the Law o f E ngland i t is
e x pressly declar ed to be H ig h Tr e a so n even to a f
firm that the
d e scent and li m itation o f t h e Crown do n o t depend w h olly
upo n Par liam ent
Circu m stances h ave twice occurred i n m oder n E nglish
History which have m ade it necessary th at the L aw O f E n g
land should b e yet furt her declared with pr e ci sion and clear
nes s upon this very subj ect Upon the declarations o fthe Law
thu s m ade the pre sent occupan cy o f the Throne o f E ngland
and the conditio n o f m an y other par ts o f our Laws entirely
depend T he E nglish Governm ent and every Court o f Law
in E n gland are al ike bound to tak e n o tice o f this state o f
the L aw i n E ngland
Your Lordsh i p will re m e m ber t h at o n the 2 8 th J a nuary
the House o f Co m m on s p a ss ed a R es o lution that
1 6 88
Ja m es II had a bdi ca te d t he Govern m ent and t ha t the
”
thro n e i s the r e by be co m e v a ca n t
You will fur ther re m e m ber
that thi s R e solution grated on the ears o fthe H ou se o f Lord s ;
and that their L ordships begged the Co m m on s to alter a h
”
d e se r te d
d i ca tcc into
and to leave out t he wo r d s declaring
”
that t h e throne is thereby bec o m e va cant
Thereupo n a
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22
free con feren ce was h eld between t h e Houses Th e argum ents
then used apply exactly in the pre sent case There h ad not
bee n indeed in th at case as th ere h as been in this an ex press
abdication but it is still stronger to the po int that the A cts
o ft h e Crown we r e ta k en to i m port in the m selves an abdica
tion and t h e v a ca n cy o ft h e throne and tha t i t co uld n o t be
o
n
i
n
a
t
h
e
were
insisted
B
ot
h
t
h
ese
were
ll
d
b
t
h
e
e
r
e
fi
y
finally adj udged to be t h e Law by bot h Houses
The Acts o f the l a st days o f Ferdinand V (especial ly th e
D ecree o f 3r d O ct 1 8 48) surpass anyth ing that was done by
Jam es II As to Francis Joseph h ad h e ever bee n Ki n g o f
Hungary the sam e r e m ark and result would apply I q uote
a few passages only fro m n am es w h ich will be as fa m iliar to
your Lordship as household word s in order to re fresh your
L ordsh i p s m e m ory upon th ese i m portant declarations o f th e
Law o f E ngland But I beg th at it m a y be distinctly under
stood t h at I could quote page after page to the sa m e effect
and only varying th e point o f v iew tak en t o give strength to
the argu m ent
”
King Jam es the Second said Mr So m ers
by goi n g
about to subvert the Con stitution and by break ing the O rigi n al
Contract between King and People and by violating the fun
d a m e n tal Laws and with drawing hi m sel f out o fthe K i ngdo m
h at h thereb y renounced to be a King according to that Con
By avowing to govern b y a despotic po w er un
sti tuti o n
k n own to th e Constitution and incon si stent with it he hath
renounced to be a Ki n g according to the L aw —such a Ki ng
—
i
such a Ki n g to who m
a s h e swore to be at his Coronat on
the A llegiance of an English Subj ect is due and hath se t up
a n o the r ki n d of D o m i n i o n ; w hich is to all intents an A bd i ca
ti o n o r a ba n d o n i n g of hi s le g a l Ti tle as fully as if it h ad been
”
done by express Words
”
It is said Sir Geo r ge T reby
because the Ki n g h ath
t h us vi o la te d the C o n sti tuti o n by w hich the Law stands as the
R ule bot h o f the King s Govern m ent and the People s O bedi
e n ce tha t w e sa y he ha th a bd i ca te d a n d r e n o un ce d the Go ve r n
m ent
Fo r all other particular breac h es of t h e la w t h e Sub
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23
v e R e m edy in t h e ordinary Co urts o f Justice o r
h
a
j
But
the e x traordinary Court of Parlia m enta r y Proceedings
w h ere such an atte m pt as this is m ade o n th e Essence o f th e
Constitution it is n o t we that h ave brough t ourselves i nto
this S tate Of Nature but those w h o h ave r e duced o ur legal
well establish ed Fra m e of Govern m ent into such a State o f
”
Confusion as we are now seek ing a R edress unto
An d what said that fine o ld E n glis h Law y er Serj eant May
nard
It is by our law an Hereditary Monarchy I grant
it but th ough it should in an ordinary way descend to th e
H eir yet as our case i s we h ave a Ma xi m i n La w as certain
as any other which stops the course for no Man can preten d
to be Kin g Jam e s s h eir while he i s living : N e m o e st hee r e s
In the sam e w a y the Hungarian La w only recognize s
v i v e n tis
”
t h e heir d efun cti regi s
Your L o r d ship is well aware th at our present h appy set
”
rests ex clu sively on the recognition o f the Law
t le m e n t
thus clearly laid down
A hundred years later anoth er great occasion arose in
w h ich it was necessary that th e L aw o fE ngland should be de
cla r e d as to t h e power and rig h t s of Parlia m ent i n t h e case o f
a vacancy in wh at m a y be called the Crown power Th is case
al so appl i e s with singular aptne ss to the position o fFerdinand
V
It is not possible for it to be m aint a ined in E n glan d
a fter these two great declarat i ons o f the Law tha t a n y other
power o r auth ority except that of the States o f the R eal m
can i n a Con stitutional Ki n gdom give any clai m to the
Crown or to the e x ercise of roy al prerogatives and powers
under such circu m stances as those i n which Franci s Jo seph
fi n ds hi m sel f
When in 1 7 8 8 King George III was incapacitated t h e
question arose what should be done ? U nwise friends o f t h e
Prince R egent pretended (very inconsistently wit h th eir usual
”
pro fe ssion s) that the P r ince h ad a right to the ex erci se o f
the functions o fthe Crown The debates were long and their
i m portance was fully felt both in Parlia m ent a n d o ut o f it
”
To assert said Mr Pitt in his place i n Parl i a m ent to
e ct m a y
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24
assert such a righ t i n the Prince Of Wales o r any o n e el se
i n d ep e n d e n t ofthe d e ci si o n ofthe tw o H o use s of P a r li a m e n t is
”
little less than Treason to the Constitution o f the country
Again
It i s subver siv e o f the principles o f the C o n sti tu
tion to ad m it that the Prince o f \Vales m i ght seat hi m sel f o n
the throne during the lifeti m e o f hi s fat her ; and the inti m a
tion o f the e x istence o f suc h a right presents a question o f
greater m agnitude and i m portan ce even than the present e x i
g e n cy and the provision t h at it necessarily require s ; a ques
tion that involves i n it the principles o f th e Constitution the
protection and securi ty o f our liberties and the sa fety of the
S tate
It i s our first duty to decide whether there be a n y
righ t i n the P rince o fWales to clai m the e x ercise o f the regal
power under a n y circu m stances o f the countr y independent
”
o fthe actual de m ise o fthe Crown
And after long and able
debates i n both House s it was resolved b y both Houses
T hat it is th e R ig ht and Duty of the Lords Spiritual and
T e m poral and Co m m ons o f Great Britain now asse m ble d
and law fully fully and freely representing all t h e E states o f
the people o f this re a l m to provide the m eans o f suppl ying
”
th e de fect of th e personal exerci se o fth e R oyal autho r i ty
Noth ing can be m ore e x plicit than the w h ole transaction
o r m ore i m portant and definitive than the clear d eclaration o f
the L aw applicab le on such occasions An d Mr P i tt well de
se r ved the than k s that were voted to hi m y our L ordship will
re m e m be r by the Corporation of L ondon a n d e v ery town o f
an
i
m
po
r ta n ce in the k i ngdo m
f
or
i
s
st
r enuou s suppo r t
h
y
o f the i m portant R igh ts o f the L ords and Co m m ons o f this
”
R eal m
The Law o fEngland as to t h e clai m to the throne and to
the ex erci se o f Ro y al authori ty under circu m stance s parallel
to th o se in w h ich Hungary now stand s is thu s clear and i n di e
seph h as never been accepted as King o f
u
t
b
l
e
Francis
Jo
a
p
H ungary b y the onl y authority which both by its o wn L aws
and b y the Law o f E ngland can m a k e hi s title to b e k in g
even a po ssi ble continge n cy There fore hi s cl a i m a s P lainti ff
in this suit falls nece ssarily to the ground The only way i n
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26
to grati fy an E m peror Plainti ff of t h e perj ured House o f Haps
burg Lorraine
The believe rs in the traditions o f a feeble diplo m acy m a y
deli g h t to m aunder about trying t o prop up t h e t o ttering State
o f Austria, and m a
not
h
esitate
for
this
purpos
e
to
set
good
y
faith consistency and t h e Laws o f Nations and o f England
at naugh t B ut such a feeble policy will be a failure m y
Lord In th e gr ateful h eart o fthe independent Nation o fHun
gary England woul d h ave an invaluable friend and Europe a
m uc h needed counterpoise
In t h at unnatural union o fd i s
”
j oi n ted t h ings w h ich diplo m atists call Austr i a England has
no friend and Europe h as no strength T hink yo u m y L ord
t h at the d espatch es between yourself and Sir Jam es Hudson
—to and from —wh ich passed in last S eptem ber and wh ich
are n o t to be found i n t h e Blue books would red ound to your
Lordsh ip s h onour o r to the cred i t o fth e present Govern m ent
o f England if t h ey were publis h ed ?
Your Lords h ip wi ll n u
d e r sta n d m y allusion and well k no ws w h at the only answer
can be
Your Lordshi p h as professed to sym path ize m uch wit h Italy
a country w h ich h as let h erself be tram pled o n fo r ages and
h as at length risen by m eans o f foreign a i d and turned upon
her oppressors and shown h erself worthy to be free But Hun
gary is a country w h ose o w n sons h ave alway s through m any
ch ange ful centuries known ho w to m aintain t h eir fr ee Insti
ficulties o fth e m ost danger
t uti o n s th oug h surrounded wit h dif
And at th is m o m ent Hungary
o us and co m plicated kind
gives to t h e world t h e m arvellous S pect a cle o f h aving by her
self reliance and fir m ness com pelled o n e who has been fo r
eleven ye ars a m ere Usurper to sue to h er for acceptance as
”
King By h er unswerving and dignified insistance upon h er
Laws and Constit ution under trials the m ost terrible s h e has
sho w n h erself th oroughly worth y o f the liberties s h e h as i n
he r i te d and t h at s h e is able to m aintain he r o wn against all
th at Oppression and pe r fidy can do
Let England sym pat h ize with Italy but let not th is sym
pa th y be proved to be m ere cant and h ypocrisy by t h e Englis h
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27
Govern m ent bei n g le t fo llo w th e traditions o f a feeble and
worn o ut diplo m acy and being let i n defiance o f o ft repe ated
and fulso m e pro fessions lend itself to th e behests o fAustria
w hen she seeks to crus h t h e liberties o f a Nation and to stop
the free action o f the best Men o f a nation t h at are at least
as wort h y of th e ad m iration and support o fe very lover o fC o n
a s are any Nation o r Men that h ave ever
sti tuti o n a l Freedo m
struggled for th eir independence o r th eir libe rties
.
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I h ave th e h onour
to be , m y
Lord
,
’
Your Lordsh ip s obedient S ervant
,
TO ULMIN S MI T H
H ig hg a te
5th M ar ch, 1 86 1
TO
the
R i ght H o n
He r
M j e ty
a
s
’
s
.
Pr
.
J O H N R U S S E LL M
i cip l S t y fS ta t f Fo
LO R D
n
a
,
e cr e a r
o
e
or
.
P
re
.
,
i gn
Aff ir s
a
.
.