Grouping the Elements (Periodic Table #2)

.AME
#LASS
$ATE
3%#4)/.
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTS
.ATIONAL3CIENCE
%DUCATION3TANDARDS
"%&/2%9/52%!$
!FTERYOUREADTHISSECTIONYOUSHOULDBEABLETOANSWER
THESEQUESTIONS
03BE
s7HYDOELEMENTSINAGROUPHAVESIMILARPROPERTIES
s7HATARETHEDIFFERENTGROUPSONTHEPERIODICTABLE
s(OWDOESHYDROGENDIFFERFROMOTHERELEMENTS
7HY!RE%LEMENTSINA'ROUP3IMILAR
4HEELEMENTSINAGROUPONTHEPERIODICTABLEHAVE
SIMILARPROPERTIES4HEPROPERTIESARESIMILARBECAUSETHE
ELEMENTSWITHINAGROUPHAVETHESAMENUMBEROFELEC
TRONSINTHEIROUTERENERGYLEVEL!TOMSOFTENTAKEGIVE
ORSHAREELECTRONSWITHOTHERATOMS%LEMENTSWHOSE
ATOMSHAVESIMILAROUTERENERGYLEVELSTENDTOREACTIN
SIMILARWAYS
'2/50!,+!,)-%4!,3
ˆ
,ITHIUM
>
3ODIUM
'ROUPCONTAINSMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYVERYREACTIVE
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESSOFTNESSCOLOROF
SILVERSHININESSLOWDENSITY
!LKALIMETALSAREELEMENTSIN'ROUPOFTHE
PERIODICTABLE!LKALIMETALSARETHEMOSTREAC
,L
TIVEMETALSWHICHMEANSTHEYFORMCOMPOUNDS
2UBIDIUM
WITHOTHERELEMENTSMOSTEASILY4HEIRATOMS
TENDTOGIVEAWAYONEOFTHEIROUTERLEVELELEC
Ã
#ESIUM
TRONSWHENTHEYFORMCOMPOUNDS
!LKALIMETALSREACTWITHWATERANDWITHOXY
À
&RANCIUM
GENINTHEAIR)NFACTTHEYCANCAUSEAVIOLENT
EXPLOSIONWHENPUTINTOWATER!LKALIMETALSARESOREAC
TIVETHATTHEYAREFOUNDINNATUREONLYCOMBINEDWITH
OTHERELEMENTS#OMPOUNDSFORMEDFROMALKALIMETALS
HAVEMANYUSES/NESUCHCOMPOUNDSODIUMCHLORIDE
TABLESALTISNECESSARYINYOURDIET
345$94)0
'RAPHIC/RGANIZER )NYOUR
NOTEBOOKMAKEA6ENN
$IAGRAMOFMETALSAND
NONMETALS2EADABOUT
EACHGROUPOFTHEPERIODIC
TABLE)NDICATEONTHE6ENN
$IAGRAMWHETHERTHEGROUP
INCLUDESALLMETALSALL
NONMETALSORACOMBINATION
OFMETALSANDNONMETALS
2%!$).'#(%#+
%XPLAIN 7HYDOTHE
ELEMENTSWITHINAGROUP
OFTHEPERIODICTABLEHAVE
SIMILARCHEMICALPROPERTIES
0OTASSIUM
M:D>:EHHD
,IST 7HATARETHENAMES
ANDATOMICNUMBERSOFTHE
ALKALIMETALELEMENTS
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
3%#4)/.
#LASS
$ATE
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTSCONTINUED
'2/50!,+!,).%%!24(-%4!,3
'ROUPCONTAINSMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYVERYREACTIVEBUTLESSREACTIVE
THANALKALIMETALS
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESCOLOROFSILVER
HIGHERDENSITIESTHANALKALIMETALS
2%!$).'#(%#+
%XPLAIN 7HYARETHE
ALKALINEEARTHMETALSLESS
REACTIVETHANTHEALKALI
METALS
!LKALINEEARTHMETALSARELESSREACTIVETHAN
ALKALIMETALS!TOMSOFALKALINEEARTHMETALS
HAVETWOOUTERLEVELELECTRONS)TISMOREDIFFI
CULTFORATOMSTOLOSETWOELECTRONSTHANTOLOSE
ONE4HATMEANSALKALINEEARTHMETALSTENDTO
REACTMORESLOWLYTHANALKALIMETALSBUTTHEY
ARESTILLVERYREACTIVE
'ROUPELEMENTSANDTHEIRCOMPOUNDSHAVE
MANYUSES&OREXAMPLEMAGNESIUMCANBEMIXEDWITH
OTHERMETALSTOMAKELOWDENSITYMATERIALSFORAIRPLANES
#OMPOUNDSOFCALCIUMAREFOUNDINCHALKCEMENTAND
EVENINYOURBONESANDTEETH
'2/5034/42!.3)4)/.-%4!,3
M:D>:EHHD
)DENTIFY (OWMANY
PROTONSDOESTHELARGEST
TRANSITIONMETALHAVEINITS
NUCLEUS
'ROUPCONTAINSMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVELOR
2EACTIVITYLESSREACTIVETHANALKALINEEARTH
METALS
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESSHININESSGOODCON
DUCTIONOFTHERMALENERGYANDELECTRICCURRENT
HIGHERDENSITIESANDMELTINGPOINTSTHANELE
MENTSIN'ROUPSANDEXCEPTFORMERCURY
%LEMENTSOF'ROUPSARECALLEDTRANSITIONMETALS4HE
ATOMSOFTRANSITIONMETALSDONOTGIVEAWAYTHEIRELECTRONSAS
EASILYASATOMSOF'ROUPOR'ROUPMETALS
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
3%#4)/.
#LASS
$ATE
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTSCONTINUED
02/0%24)%3/&42!.3)4)/.-%4!,3
4HENUMBEROFOUTERLEVELELECTRONSINATOMSOFTRANSI
TIONMETALSCANVARY4HEPROPERTIESOFTHESEMETALSALSO
VARYWIDELY&OREXAMPLEIRONFORMSRUSTWHENEXPOSED
TOAIRANDWATER'OLDANDPLATINUMHOWEVERAREVERY
UNREACTIVE*EWELRYANDOTHERGOLDOBJECTSTHATARETHOU
SANDSOFYEARSOLDSTILLLOOKNEW
4RANSITIONMETALSALLSHARETHECOMMONPROPERTIES
OFMETALS4HEYTENDTOBESHINYMALLEABLEANDDUCTILE
4HEYCONDUCTTHERMALENERGYANDELECTRICCURRENTWELL
-ANYOFTHETRANSITIONMETALSHAVEVERYHIGHMELTING
POINTSCOMPAREDTOOTHERELEMENTS/NEEXCEPTIONIS
MERCURYWHICHISALIQUIDATROOMTEMPERATURE-ANYOF
THETRANSITIONMETALSAREMADEINTOSTRUCTURALMATERIALS
COINSANDJEWELRY
'2/50"/2/.'2/50
'ROUPCONTAINSONEMETALLOIDAND
FIVEMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYREACTIVE
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESSOLIDSATROOM
TEMPERATURE
4HEMOSTCOMMONELEMENTFROM'ROUPIS
ALUMINUM)NFACTALUMINUMISTHEMOSTCOM
MONMETALIN%ARTHSCRUST5NTILTHES
HOWEVERALUMINUMWASCONSIDEREDAPRECIOUS
METAL4ODAYMAKINGPUREALUMINUMISEASIERAND
CHEAPERTHANITWASINTHES
!LUMINUMISUSEFULBECAUSEITISSUCHALIGHT
WEIGHTBUTSTRONGMETAL)TISUSEDINAIRCRAFTPARTS
LIGHTWEIGHTAUTOMOBILEPARTSFOILCANSANDGARAGEDOORS ,IKEOTHERELEMENTSINTHEBORONGROUPALUMINUMIS
REACTIVE(OWEVERWHENALUMINUMREACTSWITHOXYGENIN
THEAIRATHINLAYEROFALUMINUMOXIDEQUICKLYFORMSON
ALUMINUMSSURFACE4HISLAYERPREVENTSFURTHERREACTIONOF
ALUMINUM
2%!$).'#(%#+
)DENTIFY 7HICHTRANSITION
METALHASTHELOWESTMELTING
POINT
M:D>:EHHD
,IST 7HATARETHEATOMIC
NUMBERSOFTHEELEMENTSIN
'ROUP
2%!$).'#(%#+
%XPLAIN 7HYISALUMINUM
AGOODCHOICEOFMETALFOR
AIRPLANEBODIES
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
3%#4)/.
#LASS
$ATE
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTSCONTINUED
'2/50#!2"/.'2/50
#ARBON
-ˆ
3ILICON
i
'ERMANIUM
'ROUPCONTAINSONENONMETALTWO
METALLOIDSANDTHREEMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYVARIESAMONGELEMENTS
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESSOLIDSATROOM
TEMPERATURE
'ROUPINCLUDESSEVERALWELLKNOWNAND
USEFULELEMENTS4HENONMETALCARBONCANBE
4IN
FOUNDINNATUREASDIAMONDSANDASSOOTFROM
BURNINGWOODOILORCOAL
*L
,EAD
#ARBONALSOFORMSAWIDEVARIETYOFCOM
1Õµ POUNDS3OMEOFTHESECOMPOUNDSSUCHAS
5NUNQUADIUM
PROTEINSFATSANDCARBOHYDRATESARENECESSARY
FORALLLIVINGTHINGS
4HEMETALLOIDSSILICONANDGERMANIUMAREUSEDINSEMI
CONDUCTORS4HESEAREIMPORTANTCOMPONENTSOFCOMPUTERS
ANDOTHERELECTRONICDEVICES4INANDLEADARESOFTRELATIVELY
UNREACTIVEMETALS!LAYEROFTINKEEPSSTEELCANSFROMRUST
ING,EADISUSEDINAUTOMOBILEBATTERIES
-˜
M:D>:EHHD
)DENTIFY 7HICHELEMENT
IN'ROUPISCLASSIlEDASA
NONMETAL
'2/50.)42/'%.'2/50
'ROUPCONTAINSTWONONMETALSTWO
METALLOIDSANDTWOMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYVARIESAMONGELEMENTS
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESSOLIDSATROOM
TEMPERATUREEXCEPTFORNITROGEN
M:D>:EHHD
)DENTIFY 7HATARETHE
CHEMICALSYMBOLSFORTHE
ELEMENTSNITROGENAND
PHOSPHORUS
.ITROGENWHICHISAGASATROOMTEMPERATURE
MAKESUPABOUTOFTHEAIRTHATYOUBREATHE)N
GENERALNITROGENISFAIRLYUNREACTIVE.ITROGENCAN
REACTWITHHYDROGENTOMAKEAMMONIAFORFERTILIZERS
0HOSPHORUSISANEXTREMELYREACTIVENONMETAL
)NNATUREITISALWAYSFOUNDCOMBINEDWITHOTHER
ELEMENTS"ECAUSEITISSOREACTIVEPHOSPHORUSIS
USEDTOMAKEMATCHES4HEHEATOFFRICTIONAGAINSTTHE
BOXPROVIDESTHEENERGYTOCAUSEPHOSPHORUSTOSTART
BURNING
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
3%#4)/.
#LASS
$ATE
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTSCONTINUED
'2/50/89'%.'2/50
"
/XYGEN
-
3ULFUR
-i
3ELENIUM
'ROUPCONTAINSTHREENONMETALSONE
METALLOIDANDONEMETAL
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYREACTIVE
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESALLBUTOXYGEN
ARESOLIDSATROOMTEMPERATURE
/XYGENMAKESUPABOUTOFAIR/XYGEN
ISNECESSARYFORSUBSTANCESTOBURN)TISALSO
4ELLURIUM
IMPORTANTTOMOSTLIVINGTHINGS$ISSOLVEDOXY
GENINWATERISNECESSARYFORFISHTOLIVE0EOPLE
*œ
0OLONIUM
NEEDTOBREATHEOXYGENTOLIVE
3ULFURISANOTHERCOMMONMEMBEROF'ROUP3ULFUR
CANBEFOUNDINNATURALDEPOSITSASABRITTLEYELLOWSOLID
)TISUSEDTOMAKESULFURICACIDWHICHISTHEMOSTWIDELY
USEDCOMPOUNDINTHECHEMICALINDUSTRY
/i
'2/50(!,/'%.3
'ROUPCONTAINSNONMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYVERYREACTIVE
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESPOORCONDUCTORS
OFELECTRICCURRENTVIOLENTREACTIONWITHALKALI
METALSTOFORMSALTSNEVERINUNCOMBINED
FORMINNATURE
(ALOGENSAREVERYREACTIVENONMETALELE
MENTS4HEYNEEDTOGAINONLYONEELECTRONTO
HAVEACOMPLETEOUTERELECTRONLEVEL4HEATOMS
OFHALOGENSCOMBINEEASILYWITHOTHERATOMS
ESPECIALLYMETALSTOGAINTHEEXTRAELECTRON4HEREACTION
OFAHALOGENWITHAMETALMAKESASALTSUCHASSODIUM
CHLORIDE
"OTHCHLORINEANDIODINEAREUSEDTOKILLGERMS
#HLORINEISUSEDTOTREATWATERFORDRINKINGANDSWIM
MING)ODINEISMIXEDWITHALCOHOLANDUSEDINHOSPITALS
!LTHOUGHTHECHEMICALPROPERTIESOFHALOGENSARESIMI
LARTHEIRPHYSICALPROPERTIESCANBEQUITEDIFFERENT&OR
EXAMPLEATROOMTEMPERATUREFLUORINEANDCHLORINEARE
GASESBROMINEISALIQUIDANDIODINEISASOLID!STATINE
ISAVERYRAREELEMENT
2%!$).'#(%#+
$ESCRIBE 7HATARE
TWOPHYSICALPROPERTIESOF
THEELEMENTSULFUR
M:D>:EHHD
,IST 7HATARETHENAMES
ANDATOMICNUMBERSOFTHE
HALOGENS
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
3%#4)/.
#LASS
$ATE
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTSCONTINUED
34!.$!2$3#(%#+
03B 3UBSTANCESREACTCHEMI
CALLYINCHARACTERISTICWAYSWITH
OTHERSUBSTANCESTOFORMNEW
SUBSTANCESCOMPOUNDSWITH
DIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICS)N
CHEMICALREACTIONSTHETOTAL
MASSISCONSERVED3UBSTANCES
AREOFTENPLACEDINCATEGORIES
ORGROUPSIFTHEYREACTINSIMILAR
WAYSMETALSISANEXAMPLEOF
SUCHAGROUP
'2/50./",%'!3%3
i
(ELIUM
i
.EON
À
!RGON
'ROUPCONTAINSNONMETALS
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVELEXCEPT
HELIUMWHICHHAS
2EACTIVITYUNREACTIVE
/THERSHAREDPROPERTIESCOLORLESS
ODORLESSGASESATROOMTEMPERATURE
.OBLEGASESAREUNREACTIVEGASESFOUNDIN
'ROUPOFTHEPERIODICTABLE4HEATOMSOFTHE
+RYPTON
NOBLEGASESHAVECOMPLETELYFILLEDOUTERLEVELS
4HISMEANSTHEYDONOTNEEDTOGAINORLOSE
8i
8ENON
ELECTRONSTOBECOMESTABLE
5NDERNORMALCONDITIONSTHESEELEMENTSDO
,˜
2ADON
NOTREACTWITHOTHERELEMENTS)NFACTTHEYARE
SOMETIMESCALLEDINERTGASESBECAUSESCIENTISTSONCE
BELIEVEDTHATTHEYDONOTREACTATALL(OWEVERSCIENTISTS
HAVEMADECOMPOUNDSWITHSOMEOFTHE'ROUPELE
MENTS4HISISWHYTHEYAREUSUALLYCALLEDNOBLEGASES
INSTEADOFINERTGASES
"ECAUSETHENOBLEGASESARESOUNREACTIVETHEYARE
VERYDIFFICULTTODETECT.ONEOFTHEMWASKNOWNWHEN
-ENDELEEVPUTTOGETHERHISFIRSTPERIODICTABLE)NFACT
THEFIRSTNOBLEGASWASDISCOVEREDNOTON%ARTHBUTIN
THESUN(ELIUMWASFIRSTDETECTEDBYITSEFFECTONLIGHT
FROMTHESUN(ELIOSISTHE'REEKWORDFORSUN
!RGONISTHEMOSTCOMMONNOBLEGASON%ARTHMAKING
UPABOUTOFTHEATMOSPHERE!LLOFTHENOBLEGASESARE
FOUNDINSMALLAMOUNTS
4HEUNREACTIVITYOFTHE'ROUPELEMENTSMAKESTHEM
USEFUL&OREXAMPLEORDINARYLIGHTBULBSLASTLONGERWHEN
THEYAREFILLEDWITHARGON"ECAUSEARGONISUNREACTIVEIT
DOESNOTREACTWITHTHEHOTMETALFILAMENTOFTHEBULB!
MOREREACTIVEGASCOULDREACTWITHTHEFILAMENTANDCAUSE
THEBULBTOBURNOUTSOONER
.OBLEGASESAREALSOUSEDINCOLORFULLIGHTTUBES4HEY
GLOWINBRIGHTCOLORSWHENEXPOSEDTOASTRONGELECTRIC
CHARGE4HESELIGHTSAREOFTENCALLEDhNEONLIGHTSv4HIS
ISBECAUSETHEFIRSTTUBESUSEDTHENOBLEGASNEONTOPRO
DUCEABRIGHTREDGLOW
7ORD(ELPCHEMICAL
OFORHAVINGTODOWITH
PROPERTIESORACTIONSOF
SUBSTANCES
7ORD(ELPREACTION
ARESPONSEORCHANGE
)DENTIFY 7HATFAMILY
OFELEMENTSAREGROUPED
TOGETHERBECAUSETHEYDO
NOTUSUALLYREACTWITHOTHER
ELEMENTS
$SJUJDBM5IJOLJOH
%VALUATE-ODELS !CCORDINGTOTHECURRENT
MODELOFTHEATOMTHE
ATOMSAREMOSTSTABLEWHEN
THEYHAVElLLEDOUTERENERGY
LEVELS(OWDOTHEPROPERTIES
OFNOBLEGASESSUPPORTTHIS
MODEL
À
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
#LASS
3%#4)/.
$ATE
'ROUPINGTHE%LEMENTSCONTINUED
(9$2/'%.
(YDROGEN
%LECTRONSINTHEOUTERLEVEL
2EACTIVITYREACTIVE
/THERPROPERTIESCOLORLESSODORLESSGAS
ATROOMTEMPERATURELOWDENSITYEXPLOSIVE
REACTIONWITHOXYGEN
(YDROGENISTHEMOSTABUNDANTELEMENTINTHEUNIVERSE
)TISFOUNDINLARGEAMOUNTSINSTARS!TOMSOFHYDROGEN
CANGIVEAWAYONEELECTRONWHENTHEYJOINWITHOTHER
ATOMS(YDROGENREACTSWITHMANYELEMENTSANDISFOUND
INMANYFAMILIARCOMPOUNDS(YDROGENISSOREACTIVETHAT
ITCANBEUSEDASFUELFORROCKETS
4HEPROPERTIESOFHYDROGENDONOTMATCHANYGROUPOF
THEPERIODICTABLE4HEREFOREITISSETAPARTFROMTHEREST
OFTHEELEMENTSONTHETABLE)TISSHOWNABOVE'ROUP
BECAUSETHEATOMSOFALKALIMETALSALSOLOSEONEELECTRON
INCHEMICALREACTIONS(OWEVERTHEPHYSICALPROPERTIESOF
HYDROGENAREMORELIKETHOSEOFNONMETALSTHANOFMETALS
(YDROGENISINAGROUPALLBYITSELF ,!.4(!.)$%3!.$!#4).)$%3
4HESEMETALSAREPARTOFTHETRANSITIONMETALS4HEY
HAVENOTBEENSHOWNONTHEPERIODICTABLEINTHISCHAP
TER(OWEVERMANYPERIODICTABLESSHOWTHEMASTWO
ROWSATTHEBOTTOMOFTHETABLEASSHOWNBELOW%ACH
ROWHASMETALELEMENTSWHICHTENDTOHAVEVERY
SIMILARPROPERTIES%LEMENTSINTHEFIRSTROWARECALLED
LANTHANIDES4HELANTHANIDESAREOFTENMIXEDWITHOTHER
METALSTOMAKETHEMSTRONGER
%LEMENTSINTHESECONDROWARECALLEDTHEACTINIDES
4HEBESTKNOWNACTINIDEISURANIUMWHICHISUSEDIN
NUCLEARPOWERPLANTS!LLOFTHEACTINIDESARERADIOACTIVE
-OSTACTINIDESARENOTFOUNDINNATUREBUTAREMADEIN
LABORATORIES
>
,ANTHANUM
2%!$).'#(%#+
%XPLAIN 7HYISHYDROGEN
NOTINCLUDEDINANYGROUPOF
THEPERIODICTABLE
JXp@k
2ESEARCH 3CIENTISTSIN
LABORATORIESCANMAKENEW
ELEMENTSBYFORCINGPARTICLES
TOGETHER2ESEARCHHOWAC
TINIDEELEMENTSSUCHASPLU
TONIUMANDCALIFORNIUMARE
MADEBYSCIENTISTS2EPORT
YOURRESULTSTOTHECLASS
V
!CTINIUM
,ANTHANIDES
!CTINIDES
i
*À
` *“ -“
/…
*>
1
«
Õ
` / L
*Õ “ “ Ž
Þ
œ
v
Ã
À /“ 9L Õ
“ `
œ
À
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
.AME
#LASS
$ATE
3ECTION2EVIEW
.3%3
03BE
3%#4)/.6/#!"5,!29
ALKALIMETAL ONEOFTHEELEMENTSOF'ROUPOF
THEPERIODICTABLELITHIUMSODIUMPOTASSIUM
RUBIDIUMCESIUMANDFRANCIUM
ALKALINEEARTHMETAL ONEOFTHEELEMENTS
OF'ROUPOFTHEPERIODICTABLEBERYLLIUM
MAGNESIUMCALCIUMSTRONTIUMBARIUMAND
RADIUM
HALOGEN ONEOFTHEELEMENTSOF'ROUPOF
THEPERIODICTABLEmUORINECHLORINEBROMINE
IODINEANDASTATINEHALOGENSCOMBINEWITH
MOSTMETALSTOFORMSALTS
NOBLEGAS ONEOFTHEELEMENTSOF'ROUP
OFTHEPERIODICTABLEHELIUMNEONARGON
KRYPTONXENONANDRADONNOBLEGASESARE
UNREACTIVE
%XPLAIN 7HYARETHEALKALIMETALSANDTHEHALOGENSAMONGTHEMOSTREACTIVE
ELEMENTSONTHEPERIODICTABLE
2ECALL #OMPLETETHE#ONCEPT$IAGRAMBELOWWITHWORDSFROMTHISSECTION
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE
ORGANIZES
INTO
INTO
VERYREACTIVE
METALS
VERYREACTIVE
NONMETALS
#LASSIlCATION
UNREACTIVE
!PPLY#ONCEPTS 7HYWERETHENOBLEGASESAMONGTHELASTOFTHENATURALLYOCCUR
RINGELEMENTSTOBEDISCOVERED
)DENTIFY2ELATIONSHIPS (OWAREALLOFTHENONMETALELEMENTSONTHEPERIODICTABLE
RELATEDINTERMSOFABILITYTOLOSEELECTRONS
#OPYRIGHT©BY(OLT2INEHARTAND7INSTON!LLRIGHTSRESERVED
)NTERACTIVE4EXTBOOK
4HE0ERIODIC4ABLE