Lesson 5
Energy
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Student Lesson 5: Energy
Reference Sheet:
Energy
- is the ability to do work or cause change
- can be changed from one form to another
- cannot be created or destroyed
Types:
1) Mechanical- the energy of objects that can move and position of an object
a. KE + PE = ME
b. Sound Waves
2) Thermal- is kinetic energy within the particles that make up matter
a. Steam
3) Chemical- the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged.
a. Food (chemical compounds)
4) Electrical- is the energy of moving electrons (charged particles)
a. Amplifier
b. electronics
5) Light- produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles
a. Energy used to cook food in a microwave
6) Nuclear- comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom
a. Fusion and fission
b. Sun Light
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Resources
1) Natural- an Earth material, used by humans
a. Water
d. Soil
b. Plants
e. Rocks
c. Animals
f.
Minerals
2) Renewable- is a natural resource that can be replaced as fast as it is used.
a. Water
d. Air
b. Trees
e. Wood
c. Solar Energy
f.
Fish
3) Nonrenewable- a natural source that cannot be replaced as fast as it is used
(millions of years).
a. Oil
d. Metals (gold or iron)
b. Coal
e. Rock (Granite)
c. Natural Gas
Transformations:
1) Chemical energy of food is converted into kinetic energy when you are active. It
is converted into thermal energy to maintain body temperature.
2) Alarm clock: electrical energy  light energy and sound energy
3) Battery: chemical energy  electrical energy
4) Light Bulb: electrical energy  light energy and thermal energy
5) Blender: electrical energy  kinetic energy and sound
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Student Practice
1) The energy of blowing wind can be harnessed to create electricity.
Why is wind considered a renewable energy source?
a. Wind does not cause destructions of the environment.
b. Wind turns the blades of a windmill that creates electricity.
c. Wind provides only a very small amount of electricity to the United States.
d. Wind comes from atmospheric conditions that are available indefinitely.
2) The following steps describe the process of generating electricity by burning coal
in a power plant:
1.
The coal fire converts liquid water to steam.
2.
The steam rotates fanlike blades of a
mechanical turbine
3.
The shaft of the turbine spins an electric
generator
4.
The electric power is delivered to consumer
over long-distance power lines.
Which energy transformation occurs during this process?
a. Nuclear energy of the steam is converted to thermal energy of the
turbine.
b. Mechanical energy from the turbine is converted to electric energy in the
generator
c. Electric energy from the generator is converted to chemical energy in the
power lines.
d. Chemical energy from the generator is converted to electric energy in
the power lines.
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3) Why are fossil fuels called nonrenewable resources?
a. They make waste
products.
c. They take a very long time
to produce.
b. They are buried far
underground.
d. They are more expensive
than nuclear fuels.
4) Most electric power is generated by burning fossil fuels. A family uses electric
appliances for cooking and air conditioning. The use fuel oil for heating. What
changes could this family make to conserve fossil fuels?
a. Convert to natural gas a
fuel for cooking
b. Switch to the use of less
expensive coal for heat
c. Lower the temperature
setting on the air
conditioner
d. Install solar roof panels to
generate additional
electricity
5) Why is coal considered to be a nonrenewable energy source?
a. Sunlight is the original
source of energy for coal.
b. The burning of coal could
cause environmental
pollution.
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c. Once coal is mined, it can
take millions of years to be
replaced.
d. Coal is abundant, but it is
very expensive to mine
from underground.
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Use the information in the table below to answer question 6.
6) A class is studying electricity and how it is produced in Ohio. The students make
the table below to share information about energy sources.
Which statement identifies a nonrenewable energy source from the table and
correctly explains why this source is considered nonrenewable?
A. Biomass is nonrenewable because once the waste material is used up, there is
no way to produce additional waste material.
B. Petroleum is nonrenewable because there is a fixed amount of oil
underground and new petroleum takes millions of years to form.
C. Solar energy is nonrenewable because there is only one sun in the solar
system and there is no replacement when the sun is used up.
D. Wind energy is nonrenewable because the air pressure difference required to
produce wind is not available at all times at all locations.
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7) Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a
turbine. Which describes the energy transformation from the turning turbine to
electricity?
a. Kinetic energy into electric
energy
c. Thermal energy into
electric energy
b. Nuclear energy into
electric energy
d. Chemical energy into
electric energy
8) Light bulbs are designed to convert electric energy to light energy. Some light
bulbs are made more efficient than others. When comparing two light bulb, the
more efficient bulb will produce less ________________.
a. Light
c. Photons
b. Electricity
d. Heat
Use the following information and diagram to answer question 9.
9) A ball is released from rest at position 1. The diagram shows the ball in four
positions as it rolls along a track from left to right.
In which position does the ball have its minimum gravitational potential energy
and maximum kinetic energy?
A. 1
C. 3
B. 2
D. 4
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10) Most electric power is generated by burning fossil fuels. A family living in central
Ohio uses electric appliances for cooking and air conditioning. They use fuel oil
for heating.
What change could this family make to conserve fossil fuels?
A. convert to natural gas as a fuel for cooking
B. switch to the use of less expensive coal for heat
C. lower the temperature setting on the air conditioner
D. install solar roof panels to generate additional electricity
11) Many people like wind energy production because it does not have the byproducts of some of the other forms of energy production. However, it requires
space for large windmills, and some people feel it is not as efficient as some
other forms of energy production. When windmills are used to produce energy
for human use, energy is converted from ______________ to _______________. (2
points)
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Use the charts and information below
12) The two charts below show percentages of production methods for generating
electricity in Ohio and in the entire United States in 2002.
The charts show some differences in the amount of electricity produced by
different methods in the United States and in Ohio. Various constraints, such as
geographic, social or economic factors, influence the method used for
electricity production in a region.
In your Answer Document, choose one method of electricity production used in United
States.
Give two reasons or factors that support using this method in United States, and give
two reasons or factors that can be used to argue against using this method in United
States. (4 points)
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13) Which is a major advantage of using energy sources such as sunlight, wind and
running water instead of fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas?
A. Sunlight, wind and running water are much more efficient than fossil fuels.
B. Sunlight, wind and running water are renewable and available indefinitely.
C. Sunlight, wind and running water are much less expensive to use than fossil
fuels.
D. Sunlight, wind and running water can be used at any geographical location.
14) The members of a city council are researching the construction of a new
hydroelectric power plant on an existing dam. The city currently burns coal for its
power. In the new plant, water from the river would pass through a turbine in the
power plant as shown. The turbine would turn, which would cause the generator
to produce electricity. The hydroelectric power plant and dam would not block
the entire river.
The council members discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a
hydroelectric power plant to generate electricity.
In your Answer Document, describe two environmental advantages and two
environmental disadvantages of building the hydroelectric power plant
proposed by the city council. (4 points)
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15. The hydroelectric plant (Figure 2) uses a renewable energy resource.
Which statement describes why this resource is considered renewable?
A. Heated water turns the turbine. The used water flows upstream back directly into
the lake and may be used again right away.
B. Falling water turns the turbine. The used water flows upstream back directly into
the lake and may be used again right away.
C. Heated water turns the turbine. The water is returned to the river downstream, so
it may continue in the water cycle.
D. Falling water turns the turbine. The water is returned to the river downstream, so it
may continue in the water cycle.
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