Table
of
Contents
Chapter 1 Vocabulary
TEKS
Lesson 1
Roots and Affixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 (A), 2 (D)
Lesson 2
Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2 (B)
Lesson 3
Multiple-Meaning Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 (B)
Lesson 4
Synonyms and Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 (B)
Lesson 5
Figurative Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8 (A)
Lesson 6
Analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2 (C)
Lesson 7
Using Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.2 (E)
✔ Progress Check 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
✔ Progress Check 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Chapter 2 Reading Comprehension
Lesson 8
Main Idea and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.10 (A), Fig. 19 (A)
Lesson 9
Summarize and Paraphrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.Fig. 19 (E), 3.Fig. 19 (E), Fig. 19 (B),
Fig. 19 (C)
Lesson 10 Text Structure: Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.10 (C)
Lesson 11 Text Structure: Comparison and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.10 (C)
Lesson 12 Text Structure: Chronological Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.10 (C)
Lesson 13 Text Structure: Problem and Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.10 (C)
Lesson 14 Using Graphic Organizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.10 (C)
Lesson 15 Inferences and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.Fig. 19 (D), 3.10 (D), 3.Fig. 19 (D)
Lesson 16 Graphic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.12 (B)
✔ Progress Check 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
✔ Progress Check 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
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Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
Roots and Affixes
A root gives a word its main meaning. It cannot be broken into smaller parts.
An affix is a word part added to the start or end of a root to make a new word
with a new meaning. Prefixes and suffixes are affixes. Many roots and affixes
come from other languages, such as Latin or Greek. A root word is a regular
English word that a prefix or suffix can be added to. Sometimes words or
phrases are borrowed directly from other languages. Toboggan, bona fide, and
bon voyage are examples of these. Below, you will find some examples.
Root
Meaning
Prefix
Meaning
Suffix
Meaning
aud
hear
com-
with
-ist, -er
one who
dens
tooth
anti-
against
-ible, -able
can be done
micro
small
post-
after
-ment
state of being
Think about roots, affixes, and word origins.
The Latin word dens means “tooth.”
1. Circle the answer. A dentist probably takes care of
teeth.
mouths.
homes.
2. Underline the root in the following words.
dentist
dentifrice
denture
3. Circle the answer. The word part -ist is a
prefix.
suffix.
root.
I like biology. Looking at tiny organisms under a microscope always amazes me. As you
watch the creatures swim around, you feel like you are looking at another world.
1. The root is
micro. _
scope. _
cope. _
2. If micro- means “small” and scope
means “to watch or look at,” then
microscope means
something that can be used to look at
faraway things. _
something that can be used to look at small
things. _
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Read the paragraph. Then complete the activity to figure out the meaning of the
underlined word. Make a check ( ✓ ) next to the correct answer.
4 Chapter 1 • Vocabulary
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Read the passage.
From the time he was a young boy, Sean loved to study the night sky. Other kids liked to ride
their bicycles. He liked to look at the stars and the moon. Other kids liked to play computer games
or write songs. He liked to read astronomy books. He wanted to be an astronomer when he grew up.
First read the question and all the possible answers. Next read what
Coach says. Then, circle the letter in front of the best answer.
1. If the Greek root astron means “star,” the
Latin root nom means “law,” and the
suffix -er means “one who takes part in,”
which word means “one who studies
the stars”?
A. astronomy
B. astronomer
I must find an answer that includes the root
astron, the root nom, and the suffix -er. I see
that all of the answers have the root astron,
so I will focus on the suffix. Only one answer
starts with astron and ends with -er, so that
is the best choice.
C. astrology
D. astronomical
2. What is the prefix in the word bicycles?
A. cycl
B. bicycles
C. es
D. bi
3. If the prefix com- means “with” and the root
put means “think,” which word means “an
object that appears to think”?
A. computer
B. reputation
To answer the question, I need to decide which
word part is the prefix. I know cycl is a root,
meaning “circle.” So answer A is incorrect.
I know that bicycles is a word, not a prefix.
I can eliminate answer B, too. I look at the
other two answers to find which comes before
the root.
I need to put the prefix with the root. Answer
B has a prefix, but it is re-. Answer C has the
prefix com-, but not the root put. Answer D
has the root put, but not the prefix com-. This
leaves only one answer that makes sense.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
C. compose
D. deputy
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Read the story. Think about word parts. Then go to Stop and Think and follow
the directions.
Family Support
“Let’s see your latest pictures!” Grandma said.
2
“My portfolio needs to be updated, but I believe there are
some pictures you haven’t seen,” replied my mother. “They aren’t
the best ones.”
3
“Goodness, Charla, you know that you don’t need to try to
impress me with your work. You know I already think you’re
a star. In fact, I’d like to have your autograph,” teased my
grandmother. Appreciating the support Grandma always gave her,
Mom pulled out her work and began going through the pages,
each one containing one spectacular photograph after another.
4
“Look at the light in that landscape,” said Grandma as she
studied each picture while Mom turned the pages.
5
Mom turned to the pages showing Dad in different places in
the house. Grandma said, “What a handsome man your husband
is! He’s certainly one of the best people on Earth. I am always
grateful he met such a good and wonderful person to be his wife.”
6
“How about us children?” my sister and I asked. Grandma
took our hands and gently said, “You two just add more joy to all
our lives. Now, Charla, when will your next show be?”
7
“A gallery in Austin is going to show my nature studies,”
Mom said. “It will be the debut of my work in Texas. That’s
why I’m working so hard on my portfolio. I need to get all my
photos together.”
8
“Whatever photos you choose, I know the show will be a
great success,” said Grandma. “Why don’t we make a family trip
out of it? We’ll all go to Austin for the opening of the show. With
everyone there, we could fill an auditorium.”
9
“Yes!” shouted my sister and I. “We’re going to Austin!”
Read paragraph 5. What
is the root of wonderful?
Circle it.
Draw a box around
the root graph in the
word photograph in
paragraph 3. What other
word in the story has
one of this word’s
word parts?
Draw a line under
the prefix audi- in
auditorium. In the
margin, write what
you think the prefix
might mean.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
1
Stop and Think
6 Chapter 1 • Vocabulary
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Lesson 1: Roots and Affixes
Practice
Tips 1. Read the question. 2. Read ALL the answers. 3. Pick the answer you think is correct.
Answer each question about Family Support. Circle the letter in front of the correct answer.
1. Which word means “full of amazement or
curiosity,” based on what you know about
roots and suffixes?
A. wondrous
B. wonderful
C. porthole
3. The French word débuter means “to begin,”
so the word debut MOST LIKELY means
A. a change.
B. a first appearance.
C. a work of art.
D. an end.
D. portal
2. If photo means “light” and graph means
“written,” which word means “an image
written, or created, with light”?
A. photograph
B. polygraph
C. autograph
4. If audio- is a prefix that means “to hear,”
which word means “a room in which
people listen to a presentation”?
A. autograph
B. auditorium
C. auditory
D. audience
D. paragraph
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
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