CITY OF KINGSTON
Biodiversity
Strategy
2007-2012
For further information on this strategy phone the City of Kingston on 1300 653 356 or visit: www.kingston.vic.gov.au
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
2
Profile of Kingston’s Biodiversity
18
Message from the City of Kingston
3
Introduction
4
What is Biodiversity?
Why prepare a Biodiversity Strategy?
Strategy Outcomes
5
5
5
Pre European Settlement
Important Remaining Remnants
Current Situation
19
19
21
Issues and Opportunities for
Biodiversity Conservation
26
Kingston’s Biodiversity Strategy
6
Goal
Strategic Objectives
6
6
Issues
Opportunities
27
27
Action Plan
28
Policy Context
7
Funding Options
32
Indicators and Targets
33
Monitoring, Reporting, Review and Evaluation
34
Environmental Criteria
Social Criteria
Economic Criteria
34
34
34
Appendix 1. City of Kingston Reserves
35
Appendix 2. City of Kingston Reserves
36
Appendix 3. Flora of the City of Kingston
37
Appendix 4. National and State significant
flora of the City of Kingston
49
Appendix 5. Fauna of the City of Kingston
50
Appendix 6. National and State significant
fauna of the City of Kingston
58
References
60
International Agreements
National legislation, policies and programs
Victorian legislation, policies and programs
Regional legislation, policies and programs
Local strategies, polices and plans
Biodiversity Strategies – other Councils
Non-government organizations
Local community groups
7
7
8
9
9
10
10
10
City of Kingston Policies and Plans
11
Council Plan 2007 - 2012
Municipal Strategic Statement
Kingston Planning Scheme
Open Space Policy and Plan (2000)
Street Tree Management Plan
Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas
Emissions (2006)
Kingston Sustainable Water Use Plan (2006)
Stormwater Quality Management Plan (2000)
Natural Resource Area Management Plans
Kingston Foreshore Strategy (1999)
Kingston Foreshore Waterways Landscape
Guidelines (2002)
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
Non-Council Projects
14
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands (Melbourne Water)
Braeside Park Management Plan (Parks Victoria)
Living Links (Port Phillip and Westernport CMA)
Waterways Development
15
15
15
15
Current Council Programs and Actions
16
Corporate Environment Program
Friends Groups and Community Activities
Growing the Foreshore’s Future Program
Stormwater Programs
Parks and Reserves Revegetation Programs
Weed and Pest Animal Management Programs
16
16
16
16
17
17
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Flora Conservation Status Definitions
Fauna Conservation Status Definitions
Flora of Kingston Status
Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston
Fauna of Kingston Status
Resident Fauna of Kingston
Transient Fauna of Kingston
Action Plan
Indicators and Targets
21
22
23
23
24
25
25
29
33
List of Tables
Table 1. Flora of Kingston
23
Table 2. Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston
23
Table 3. Fauna of Kingston
24
CITY OF KINGSTON
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Acknowledgements
The development of this strategy has involved many people,
some of whom who have kindly volunteered their time.
The following people are gratefully acknowledged for
their contribution:
Biodiversity Information Night
Rodney Van Der Ree Australian Research Council for
Urban Ecology
Shane Scanlon
Port Phillip and Westernport
Catchment Management Authority
Community Reference Group
Shirley Diez Department of Sustainability and
Environment
Des Lucas
Parks Victoria
Will Steele
Melbourne Water
Caroline O’Donnell Kingston Foreshore Reference Group
Geoffrey Heard Kingston Conservation and
Environment Coalition
Mary Rimington Mordialloc Beaumaris Conservation
League
Theresa Battaglia Friends of the Grange
Joyce Stewart Friends off Edithvale/Seaford Wetlands
Sally Baker
Mentone/Parkdale Village Committee
David Catchpool Clarinda/Oakleigh South Village
Committee
Bob Chappell
Cheltenham Village Committee
Judy Fields
Mordialloc Village Committee
Maria Reiter
Chelsea/Chelsea Heights/Bonbeach Village Committee
Les Williams
Aspendale/Edithvale/Aspendale
Gardens Village Committee
Pat King
Patterson Lakes/Carrum Village
Committee
Doug Reeve
Clayton South Village Committee
Paul Baumgartner Dingley/Heatherton Village Committee
Clive Lynch
Moorabbin/Highett Village Committee
2
Project Working Group
Mark Juler
Rebecca Cohen
Tony Collins
Belinda Ainley
Kate Lapthorne
Jeff Yugovic
City of Kingston
City of Kingston
City of Kingston
Ainley Projects
Ainley Projects
Biosis Research
Expert Workshop
Jeff Yugovic
Daniel Gilmore
Tony Collins
Damien Cook
David Bainbridge
Belinda Ainley
Biosis Research
Biosis Research
City of Kingston
Australian Ecosystems
Practical Ecology
Ainley Projects
This Strategy was prepared for the Environment
Department of City of Kingston with the assistance of:
Ainley Projects
PO Box 499, Black Rock, Victoria 3193
Telephone: (03) 9584 8178
Fax: (03) 9584 0687
Email: [email protected]
Biosis Research
Natural & Cultural Heritage Consultants
38 Bertie Street, PO Box 489, Port Melbourne Victoria 3207
Telephone: (03) 9646 9499
About Kingston
The City of Kingston, located just 20 kilometres south of central
Melbourne, is renowned for its magnificent foreshore, tranquil
natural wetlands and remnant bushland. Kingston has a diverse
population or around 139,000 people and includes the suburbs
of Aspendale, Aspendale Gardens, Bonbeach, Braeside, Carrum,
Chelsea, Chelsea Heights, Cheltenham, Clarinda, Clayton South,
Dingley Village, Edithvale, Heatherton, Highett, Mentone,
Moorabbin, Mordialloc, Oakleigh South, Parkdale, Patterson
Lakes and Waterways.
Message from the
City of Kingston
The City of Kingston is pleased to present its Biodiversity
Strategy 2007-2012. This key document outlines how
Council is going to protect the wonderful natural assets in
our municipality, to ensure they are preserved for future
generations to enjoy.
Kingston is fortunate to have a diverse range of biodiversity
including a variety of wetlands, the Port Phillip Bay coastline
and significant areas of open space.
As part of Council’s commitment to protecting and enhancing
these assets, a Project Working Group and a Community
Reference Panel were formed to develop this Biodiversity
Strategy. Council thanks members of both of these groups
for their tremendous input and contribution into this
comprehensive document.
In recent years Council has been concerned that some of
Kingston’s unique natural assets have been under constant
pressure and some local indigenous flora, fauna and vegetation
communities have already been lost.
However there are still many areas that are surviving and others
that can be restored. This strategy provides the direction
to help us to preserve these areas and introduce broader
biodiversity initiatives across the Kingston municipality and
beyond.
The City of Kingston commends this strategy to the community
and reminds us all that everyone has a role to play when it
comes to protecting our precious environment!
We also thank consultants, Ainley Projects and Biosis Research
who worked with the Project Working Group and the
Community Reference Panel to produce the strategy.
About the Strategy
The City of Kingston Biodiversity Strategy sets out goals
and strategic objectives for protecting and preserving our
biodiversity. It also takes the next step by incorporating an
action plan to be implemented over time to ensure these goals
and objectives are met.
Another significant aspect of the strategy is education. Through
the strategy we aim to increase our residents’ awareness,
appreciation and understanding of biodiversity, and encourage
them to actively participate in managing biodiversity in their
local community.
It is also important for people to realise that this strategy is
not only about reducing the negative impact on biodiversity
within Kingston, but also the negative impact that occurs
beyond our municipality’s boundaries.
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Introduction
4
What is Biodiversity?
The term biodiversity refers to the variety of life: different plants,
animals and micro-organisms, the genes they contain, and the
communities and ecosystems they form a part of (Victorian
Government 1997).
Biodiversity is fundamental to ecological sustainability and
provides ecosystems with resilience and adaptability. It is
essential to our quality of life as it contributes to essential
ecological processes that provide clean air, clean water and
fertile soils. Open space, where most biodiversity can be found,
is also important for the health benefits it provides, as well as
its contribution to our quality of life.
Sometimes habitat diversity (the variety of places where
organisms live) and genetic diversity (the variety of traits
expressed within a species) are also considered types of
biodiversity. The more diverse a habitat, the better chance it
has of surviving a change or threat to it, because it is more likely
to be able to make a balancing adjustment. Habitats with little
biodiversity are therefore more vulnerable to change.
Why prepare a Biodiversity Strategy?
The loss of native biodiversity was recognised in the first
national State of the Environment Report in 1996 as Australia’s
most important environmental problem.
There are a number of international conventions and
agreements relating to the protection of biodiversity, as well as
national and state legislation and strategies. Local Governments
are also adopting strategic plans aimed at conserving their
biodiversity.
This Strategy includes:
•• Goals and strategic objectives for preserving Kingston’s
biodiversity;
•• A summary of International agreements, National and
Victorian legislation, policy and programs, Local Government
responsibilities, and relevant policies and plans of the
City of Kingston;
•• A profile of Kingston’s biodiversity;
•• An outline of Kingston’s current programs and actions
to date;
•• Issues and opportunities available for the preservation
of Kingston’s biodiversity;
•• An Action Plan to be implemented over time;
•• Funding options;
•• A method of monitoring and reporting; and
•• Evaluation of social, economic and environmental
outcomes of this Strategy.
Biodiversity is fundamental to
ecological sustainability and provides
ecosystems with resilience and
adaptability.
Strategy Outcomes
•• Identification, protection and management of remnant
indigenous vegetation, sites of significant habitat and other
significant vegetation;
•• A reduction in the negative impact on biodiversity within
Kingston’s boundaries and the negative impact outside
the municipality caused from activities occurring within
Kingston;
•• Increased awareness, appreciation and understanding of
biodiversity and participation in biodiversity management
within the local community; and
•• Partnerships with neighbouring municipalities and other
land managers and stakeholders to enhance and protect
biodiversity.
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Kingston’s
Biodiversity Strategy
The City of Kingston is committed to maintaining, and where
possible, improving biodiversity within the municipality.
Kingston has a diverse range of natural assets including
wetlands, Port Phillip Bay coastline and significant areas of
open space.
This strategy focuses on Council’s actions to maintain and
enhance biodiversity, while also recognising the role of residents,
developers, public and private sector land managers and
other agencies. It recognises that many issues associated with
biodiversity extend beyond the boundary of the municipality,
and therefore encourages co-operative partnerships with
neighbouring municipalities and regional groups.
This strategy will be considered, along with other relevant
strategies and documents, when Council makes decisions
relating to biodiversity.
Goal
The overall goal of this strategy is to protect and enhance local
biodiversity across the City of Kingston and to appropriately
support all wider biodiversity initiatives.
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Strategic Objectives
1. Identify, protect and manage remnant indigenous
vegetation.
2. Identify, protect and enhance sites of habitat significance
and other significant vegetation.
3. Undertake and encourage re-vegetation using local
indigenous species.
4. Reduce negative impacts on biodiversity within and
beyond Kingston’s boundaries that arise from activities
within the municipality.
5. Increase the local communities’ awareness, appreciation
and understanding of biodiversity, and create opportunities
for participation in biodiversity management.
6. Work in partnership with neighbouring municipalities and
other land managers and stakeholders to enhance and
protect biodiversity.
This strategy focuses on terrestrial areas of the City of Kingston
and terrestrial biodiversity. It is acknowledged that terrestrial
biodiversity is connected to aquatic and marine biodiversity,
however, these aspects are not addressed within this strategy.
Climate change and global warming is not specifically addressed
in this strategy, however, it is recognised and acknowledged
that climate change and global warming are issues affecting the
global environment and biodiversity. Further information on
global warming should be considered in conjunction with this
strategy as the information becomes available.
Policy Context
There are a number of International, Commonwealth and State
agreements, laws and strategies that affect the management
of biodiversity in the City of Kingston. Management of
biodiversity in Kingston should recognise, support and be
consistent with these initiatives, and where applicable work
within already established strategic frameworks. There are also
several non-government biodiversity programs that should be
recognised and considered in the management of biodiversity.
International agreements
Australia is signatory to the International Convention on
Biological Diversity (1992), which aims to halt the global loss of
biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of the environment.
The habitat of birds that migrate annually between Australia
and both China and Japan are protected under the
China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (1986) and the JapanAustralia Migratory Bird Agreement (1974) (CAMBA-JAMBA).
Wetlands of Port Phillip Bay, including the Edithvale and Seaford
wetlands located in Kingston, are listed under the Ramsar
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971).
National legislation, policies
and programs
The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
(1999) established the process for listing and protecting
threatened species. It requires the assessment and approval of
any proposed action that is likely to have a significant impact on
a matter of national environmental significance. These matters
include nationally threatened species and communities, as well
as migratory species and Ramsar wetlands.
Australia became a signatory to the Convention on Wetlands
when it was signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. Ramsar’s broad aims
are to halt the worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve,
through wise use and management, those that remain. The
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands is a Ramsar site.
The National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological
Diversity (1996) provides a framework for Commonwealth and
State Government biodiversity protection activities.
The National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan
2004 – 2007 aims to:
•• Identify priority areas for research and monitoring and
improve understanding of potential climate change impacts
and biodiversity to a point where specific strategies can
be developed.
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•• Use existing knowledge about the impacts of climate change
and draw from ecological principles to review and amend
current biodiversity conservation policies and strategies.
•• Improve communication about the impacts of climate
change on biodiversity between researchers, resource
managers and decision makers.
•• Raise community awareness of the potentially significant and
specific impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
In 1997, the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments
committed to reversing the long-term decline in the quality
and extent of Australia’s native vegetation through the Natural
Heritage Trust. The National Framework for the Management and
Monitoring of Australia’s Native Vegetation (1999) identifies a role
for Local Government.
The Natural Heritage Trust is administered by the
Commonwealth to fund works by communities, conservation
groups and Local Government. Such works include, but are not
limited to, the protection of remnant and threatened species,
re-vegetation and the Waterwatch program.
The Australian State of the Environment Report (2006) reports that
biodiversity continues to be in serious decline in many parts of
Australia. It identifies the threats to biodiversity as being land
clearing, changed fire regimes, grazing pressure, weeds and
feral animals, and changes to the aquatic environment.
Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy (1997)
represents a national benchmark
for biodiversity conservation and
management.
Victorian legislation, policies
and programs
The Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988) sets out Action
Statements for threatened flora and fauna and potentially
threatening processes listed under the Act. It provides a legal
framework for the protection of Victoria’s native plants and
animals and ecological communities. The Act requires all
public authorities to be administered so as to have regard to
flora and fauna conservation objectives.
8
Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy (1997) represents a national
benchmark for biodiversity conservation and management. It
encourages Victorians to better understand and appreciate
our rich and diverse flora and fauna and ecosystems, and to
take an active part in their conservation and management for
future generations. Individuals, community groups, industry,
and government agencies all have a vital role to play. The
strategy also forms a key step in the Flora and Fauna Guarantee
program. It shows how to achieve the Act's objectives of
conserving native species, communities and gene pools,
preventing threats and encouraging community involvement.
Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management – A Framework for Action
(2002) establishes the strategic direction for the protection,
enhancement and revegetation of native vegetation across
the State. The framework includes a set of tools for estimating
general vegetation and habitat quality, and a proposed
accounting system to implement the concept of ’Net Gain’. Net
Gain refers to a reversal, across the landscape, of the long-term
decline in the extent and quality of native vegetation. Local
Government is responsible for applying the concept of Net
Gain when considering development applications that may
involve native vegetation clearance.
The Victorian Weed Strategy (1999) provides information on the
management of all types of weeds including declared and
undeclared agricultural, environmental, terrestrial and aquatic
weeds. One of the guiding principles of the weed strategy is
based on weed management being essential in the protection
of native vegetation.
In the Port Phillip region, ecological vegetation class (EVC)
mapping and Sites of Biodiversity Significance (BioSites)
mapping have been undertaken by the Department of
Sustainability and Environment (DSE).
Biodiversity Action Planning has been undertaken by the DSE
and identifies where the most significant biodiversity assets
are within a bioregion. It aims to focus conservation actions on
the maintenance and restoration of ecosystems at these sites.
The City of Kingston is in the Gippsland Plains bioregion. The
Biodiversity Action Plan for this region is available from DSE.
The following priorities from this action plan are relevant to
Kingston:
•• The protection of grasslands and grassy woodlands;
•• The identification of sites of biological significance in
conjunction with Local Government and landholders, and
use of this information in local planning schemes;
•• Focusing of management efforts on depleted ecological
vegetation classes with an emphasis on sites with the best
possibilities of long-term viability and cost-effectiveness;
•• Support for the activities of Friends’ groups in urban areas to
actively manage sites on a priority basis, particularly along
the coast; and
•• The minimisation of the impacts of pets on native fauna
by raising awareness and encouraging responsible pet
management.
The Draft Victorian Coastal Strategy (2007) and the Coastal
Management Act (1995) provide a shared vision to guide
decision making on the coast. The strategy sets out four
principles for coastal planning and management which all
relate in some way to biodiversity on the coast.
The principles outlined in The Draft Victorian Coastal Strategy
(2007) include:
•• Protection of significant environmental and cultural features;
•• Give clear direction for the future;
•• Sustainable use of natural coastal resources; and
•• Suitable development on the coast.
Melbourne 2030 (2003) was established by the Victorian
Government as a 30-year plan to manage growth and
change across metropolitan Melbourne and the surrounding
region. It articulates this through a set of principles and nine
key directions. Melbourne 2030 provides a framework for
governments at all levels to respond to the diverse needs of
those who live and work in and near Melbourne, and those
who visit. The main focus is to continue to protect the livability
of the established areas and to increasingly concentrate major
change in strategic redevelopment sites such as activity centres
and underdeveloped land to prevent urban expansion into
surrounding rural land. Economic, social and environmental
matters are integral to Melbourne 2030 and it gives a high-level
overview of the directions metropolitan Melbourne is
expected to take.
Regional legislation,
policies and programs
A Regional Catchment Strategy (RCS) is required under the
Catchment and Land Protection Act (1994). This requires the
Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management
Authority (CMA) to co-ordinate the preparation of a document
addressing land, water and biodiversity issues. The first RCS
was launched in 1999, and the 2004-2009 version is available
from the CMA.
The Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management
Authority (CMA) have also prepared a Native Vegetation Plan
(2006). The plan assists in the implementation of Victoria’s
Biodiversity Strategy by aiming to achieve a net gain in the
extent and quality of native vegetation in this region and across
Victoria. It identifies four strategic directions:
involvement, establish local laws, operate grant and incentive
programs, and provide support to encourage biodiversity
conservation.
Under the Planning and Environment Act (1987), local
governments have the responsibility for the control of land use
and planning within their municipalities. The State Planning
Policy Framework requires planning authorities to have regard
to Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy and other instruments made
under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988), as well as
approved regional vegetation plans, when reviewing Municipal
Strategic Statements and amending planning schemes. There
are various tools under the planning scheme that can be used
for further biodiversity conservation.
Under the Domestic (Feral and Nuisance) Animals Act &
Regulations (1994), councils have powers to control dogs and
cats. The purposes of the Act are to promote animal welfare,
responsible ownership of dogs and cats, and protection of
the environment.
In 1998, the National General Assembly of Local Government
adopted the National Local Government Biodiversity Strategy.
The strategy assists Local Government to be a key partner in
biodiversity conservation and encourages commitment to,
and the development of, biodiversity policies by councils.
The strategy’s central aim is for biodiversity management to
be a core function of local governments, subject to adequate
funding and resources.
There is currently no requirement for state of the environment
reporting in Victoria; however Kingston produced a State of the
Environment Report in 1996.
Melbourne Water, a land manager within the City of Kingston,
is in the process of developing a biodiversity strategy and has
recently released a draft strategy.
•• Retain the quantity of native vegetation by minimising
clearing.
•• Protect native vegetation with reservation and
management agreements.
•• Maintain and improve the quality of native vegetation.
•• Increase the quantity of native vegetation.
Local strategies, polices and plans
Local Government has a number of core functions that have
a direct impact on native vegetation and biodiversity, including
land use planning, granting development approvals, managing
land, and managing environmental risks. Local Government
leads by its action, and is also able to facilitate community
CITY OF KINGSTON
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Biodiversity strategies
of other councils
As the importance of preserving biodiversity is realised, more
local councils are producing biodiversity strategies.
Councils of note in Victoria are:
Local community groups
Kingston is home to numerous community groups
active in protecting the environment.
These groups include:
•• Friends of Edithvale - Seaford Wetlands
•• City of Greater Geelong (Biodiversity Management Strategy)
•• Friends of Mordialloc Creek
•• Latrobe City (Environment Strategy: Planning for Latrobe City’s
Biodiversity and Native Vegetation 2002)
•• Friends of The Grange
•• City of Monash (Monash Conservation and Environment
Strategy 2002)
•• Friends of Heatherton Park
•• Surf Coast Shire (Biodiversity Incentives Program 2000)
•• Friends of Braeside Park
•• City of Boroondara (Biodiversity Strategy 2003)
•• Friends of Karkarook Park
Non-government organisations
Environs Australia, a local government environment network,
has been involved in a number of local government capacitybuilding projects for biodiversity conservation, including a
Biodiversity Planning Guide for Local Government (2000),
and currently an interactive web-based Local Government
Biodiversity Toolbox (http://www.ea.gov.au/biodiversity/
toolbox/index.html).
Greening Australia works with individual landholders,
community groups and governments to help protect
biodiversity. Greening Australia (Victoria) coordinates the
Environment Industry Training Program.
The Trust for Nature has covenanting and land purchase
programs to protect conservation values on private land
in Victoria.
The Threatened Species Network is a joint program of the
World Wide Fund for Nature and the Natural Heritage Trust.
The Threatened Species Network supports communities
to undertake species conservation through developing
communication between interest groups, initiating and
facilitating on-ground conservation projects, providing
education and resources, and supplying funding through
community grants.
Birds Australia works to conserve native birds of Australia
through the study and management of birds and their habitats,
as well as education and involvement of the community.
Birds Australia runs numerous programs such as the Atlas
of Australian Birds, which collects and analyses data on the
distribution and abundance of birds across the nation and
the Threatened Bird Network, which encourages community
participation in conservation tasks for threatened birds.
10
•• Friends of Bradshaw Park
•• Friends of Rowan Woodland
•• Friends of Bonbeach Foreshore
•• Friends of Edithvale Foreshore
•• Friends of Carrum Foreshore
•• Friends of Mentone Cliff Tops
•• Friends of Kingston Heath
•• Friends of Heights Park
•• Friends of Epsom Grasslands
•• Friends of Yammabook
•• Kingston Foreshore Reference Group
•• Carrum Residents Action Group and Indigenous Nursery
•• Mordialloc Beaumaris Conservation League
•• Kingston Conservation and Environment Coalition
•• Mordialloc Lions Club
•• Northcliffe Lodge Aged Care Facility
These groups work on a variety of activities and projects
including:
•• Propagation of and revegetation with indigenous species;
•• Seed collection and plant propagation;
•• Weed control and removal;
•• Erosion prevention and remediation;
•• Clean ups;
•• Community education; and
•• Water quality monitoring.
The City of Kingston is home to a
broad range of community groups
working actively to protect the
environment.
City of Kingston
Policies and Plans
Council Plan 2007 - 2012
The Council Plan 2007 - 2012 is Council’s primary strategic
planning document. In the plan Outcome Two is identified as:
“A sustainable environment that enhances the appeal
and quality of life in Kingston”
Other Council strategies and documents that play a role in
the conservation of biodiversity are:
•• Municipal Strategic Statement
•• Kingston Planning Scheme
•• Open Space Policy and Plan
•• Street Tree Management Plan
•• Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Objectives under this goal include:
2.1 E nsure land use planning strategies holistically address
environmental sustainability, population growth,
neighborhood character and Melbourne 2030 key
directions;
2.2 Seek to protect and maintain Kingston’s diverse
environment, culture and heritage; and
2.3 P
romote environmentally sustainable practices.
A key indicator is the status of existing biodiversity.
•• Sustainable Water Use Plan
•• Stormwater Quality Management Plan
•• Natural Resource Area Management Plans and related
documents
•• Kingston Foreshore Strategy
•• Kingston Foreshore and Waterways Landscape Guidelines
Non-council strategies and documents that play a role
in biodiversity include:
•• Edithvale - Seaford Wetlands Management Plan
•• Braeside Park Management Plan
•• Dandenong Living Links Project
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Municipal Strategic Statement
The Kingston Municipal Strategic Statement (MSS) embodies
the objectives of Council and the community for the future
strategic development of land use planning of the municipality.
The MSS outlines key environmental, social and economic
issues, and core objectives and key strategies relating to
planning for, and use of resources. It gives guidance in relation
to the strategic directions of Council. This is currently under
review with a draft recently developed.
Kingston Planning Scheme
Kingston is required to follow State Policy Planning
Framework when considering applications for a wide range
of developments and other issues, both on private and public
land. This requires Council to assist in:
•• ‘the protection and conservation of biodiversity, including
native vegetation retention and provision of habitats for
native plants and animals and control of pest plants and
animals’;
•• ‘creation of a diverse and integrated network of public open
space commensurate with the needs of urban communities’;
and
•• ‘the conservation of places that have natural, environmental,
aesthetic, historic, cultural, scientific or social significance or
other special value for scientific and research purposes’.
Kingston is also required to have regard to all the relevant
acts and strategies as listed in the Policy Context section of
this strategy.
Open Space Policy and Plan (2000)
The City of Kingston Open Space Strategy is a highly detailed
study of the open spaces (including parks, sports grounds,
reserves and special areas) that serve the residents of Kingston
and its visitors. Generally the strategy shows that overall
12
Kingston has a good amount of open space. However, the
strategy does identify that there are some local areas with
special requirements and it also contains recommendations
for the future development of opportunities relating to
Open Space.
Street Tree Management Plan
The Street Tree Management Plan recommends species
appropriate for planting within the streetscapes in Kingston.
These species are both indigenous and introduced.
Local Action Plan to Reduce
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2006)
Kingston achieved Milestone 4 of the Cities for Climate
Protection Program in August 2006. This involved the
development and adoption of a local greenhouse action plan
to achieve set reduction goals. Council set a goal to reduce
the year 2000 levels of greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by
the year 2010 for Council’s own corporate emissions, and a goal
to stabilise community emissions at the 1996 levels by the
year 2010. Detailed actions have been developed to achieve
these goals
Kingston Sustainable
Water Use Plan (2006)
Council adopted a Sustainable Water Use Plan in May 2006.
Council’s aim is to reduce its water consumption, based on the
year 2000 data, by 30% by 2010 and by a total of 40% by 2020.
Council will work with South East Water to assist the Kingston
community to reduce water consumption. Detailed actions
have been developed to achieve these aims.
Stormwater Quality Management
Plan (2000)
•• Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve
The overall goals of Kingston’s Stormwater Quality
Management Plan are:
•• Bald Hill Park
•• To maintain and improve the quality of Kingston’s receiving
waters by improving the quality of stormwater discharging
into them.
•• To reduce the risks of damaging the environmental values
and beneficial uses of Kingston’s receiving waters.
These goals will be achieved by following three key directions:
•• To demonstrate leadership by initiating sustainable
improvements in stormwater practices associated with
Council construction and service delivery activities.
•• To co-operate with other key agencies and stakeholders to
obtain their support for improvements in stormwater quality.
•• To improve Council understanding of stormwater quality
issues and to improve community awareness, understanding
and support.
A three-year action plan detailing actions from 2000-2003
was developed.
The Kingston Foreshore Strategy is
an integrated strategy aimed at
providing the whole of Kingston’s
coastal resources with a consistent
and coordinated policy approach.
•• Mordialloc to Mentone Foreshore Reserve
•• Mordialloc Creek
•• Bradshaw Park
•• Powernet Easement Reserve
•• Wells Road Reserve
•• Racecourse Reserve
•• Caruana Woodland
•• The Grange Reserve
•• Heights Park
•• Kingston Heath Reserve
•• Namitjira Park
Kingston Foreshore Strategy (1999)
The City of Kingston takes in 13 kilometres of Port Phillip
Bay coastline. The foreshore is Crown land and is managed
by Council on behalf of all Victorians as a long-term public
asset for the benefit of the broader community without
compromising the needs of future generations. The Kingston
Foreshore Strategy is an integrated strategy aimed at providing
the whole of Kingston’s coastal resources with a consistent and
coordinated policy approach. The foreshore strategy sets out a
number of short, medium and long-term actions.
Kingston Foreshore and Waterways
Landscape Guidelines (2002)
Natural Resource Area
Management Plans
Natural resource areas (NRA), defined as areas that have
remnant or significant indigenous vegetation, are managed
and maintained by Council’s Natural Resource Area team.
The Kingston Foreshore and Waterway Landscape Guidelines
provide general guidance in relation to issues which impact on
the ecology, use and appearance of the landscape of Kingston’s
foreshore and waterways. They cover issues such as the
protection and enhancement of vegetation, retention of the
beach and dune system, access to the beach, and recreational
use of the foreshore.
Objectives for the management of NRAs in Kingston are to:
•• Protect and where possible restore biodiversity in NRAs.
•• Promote and facilitate community support and involvement
in the management of NRAs.
•• Promote and facilitate community awareness and
understanding of biological diversity, ecological processes,
and the values of NRAs.
Vegetation management targets and assessments have been
developed and implemented for remnant and significant
vegetation in the following parks and reserves:
•• Sir William Fry Reserve
•• Epsom Wetlands
•• Epsom Grasslands
CITY OF KINGSTON
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13
Non-Council Projects
14
There are several areas important to biodiversity in Kingston
that are managed by other agencies, and as such, there are
relevant documents that have been developed by these
agencies.
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands
(Melbourne Water)
The Edithvale -Seaford Wetlands have diverse habitats with
both fresh and brackish elements. They are of significance
as remnants of the former extensive Carrum Swamp, for the
abundance of birds they support, particularly the migratory
species, and as demonstration and research sites to show
how disturbed systems can retain significance through careful
management. The remnant wetland areas are the largest
remaining natural wetlands of their type in the Port Phillip
and Westernport basins. The Edithvale and Seaford Wetlands
have been registered by the Ramsar Convention as a wetland
of international importance. A management plan has been
prepared and priority actions are being implemented.
Braeside Park Management Plan
(Parks Victoria)
The Braeside Park Management Plan was developed as a
long-term plan to guide the development and management
of the park. This includes, but is not restricted to, the growing
of trees, re-introduction of native fauna and fully established
recreational and educational opportunities. This plan will
be continually reviewed to ensure that it continues to fulfill
community expectations.
The primary goal for development and management of
Braeside Park is the provision of diverse recreational and
educational experiences for the metropolitan community,
which is compatible with protection and enhancement of the
park’s ecological integrity and cultural resources. Parks Victoria
is in the process of developing a masterplan for the park.
Living Links seeks to:
•• Support Landcare and community activities in the
program area;
•• Influence planning by land management authorities in
the program area, incorporating catchment management
and sustainability principles;
•• Develop new and enhance existing vegetation corridors
along roadsides, waterways, public open spaces and
private land;
•• Protect and enhance habitat for native fauna and ensure
the retention of biodiversity in an otherwise fragmented
and urbanised landscape;
•• Promote best practice in the management of stormwater
run-off from sealed surfaces (roads, urban developments);
•• Promote Water Sensitive Urban Design in existing urban
estates and infill development across the catchment;
•• Develop further pedestrian and cycle paths throughout
south-east Melbourne connecting major commercial and
recreational centres;
•• Benefit Dandenong Valley residents through cleaner waterways,
more desirable and accessible recreation areas, improved
opportunities for environmental education, and safer and more
comprehensive pedestrian and cycling facilities.
This is of particular relevance to Kingston as it will link a number
of open spaces including Edithvale Wetlands, Braeside Park,
The Grange and Karkarook Park.
Waterways Development
Established in 2000, the Waterways housing development at
Mordialloc combines housing with more than 40 hectares of
recreated wetland and terrestrial habitat. More than 1.4 million
indigenous plants of 223 different species have been planted,
creating five different indigenous vegetation communities.
The aim of the project was to use constructed wetlands to
reduce the pollutant loads to Mordialloc Creek and recreate
habitat areas. The works were paid for by a private developer.
Living Links (Port Phillip and
Westernport CMA)
Living Links is a new project plan developed by the Port
Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority
(PPWCMA) for the Dandenong Valley to protect water quality
and enhance native flora and fauna in the Dandenong Creek
catchment.
Living Links aims to coordinate current activities and attract
new investment to establish green corridors linking existing
open space, government agencies, community groups, the
private sector, recreational facilities, commercial centres,
the coast and the Mitcham - Frankston road corridor. It is a
co-operative partnership between Local Government and
PPWCMA.
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
15
Current Council Programs
and Actions
Council has a number of existing programs, projects and
actions that contribute to the achievement of biodiversity
objectives.
propagation of indigenous species using seed and cutting
material collected from the reserves, revegetation using
indigenous species and weed management and removal.
Corporate Environment Program
Growing the Foreshore’s
Future Program
Kingston’s Corporate Environment Program aims to make
environmental management a core Council business activity.
The program encourages and enables staff to identify and
initiate improvements in their own work activities to improve
environmental outcomes.
This program is based on widely accepted Environmental
Management System principles. It embraces service planning,
service delivery, purchasing and operations activities and is
being progressively introduced to all areas of Council.
Friends Groups and
Community Activities
Local friends and community groups are actively involved
in biodiversity conservation. Council is currently involved in
projects with several community groups and local primary and
secondary schools. Council staff liaise with groups to develop
agreed support programs each year.
Some activities the groups are currently involved in include the
restoration and protection of remnant indigenous vegetation,
16
This project involves individuals within the community, as
well as groups such as aged care hostels, growing indigenous
seedlings which are eventually planted in the foreshore dunes.
Approximately 4,000 plants are produced each year under
the program which has won several awards for community
engagement and participation.
Stormwater Programs
There have been numerous ongoing Stormwater Programs run
by Council covering all areas of the community. Local residents,
business, builders, gardeners, landscapers and industry
have been targeted in specific awareness, education and
enforcement programs. Roads and drains have been retrofitted
to incorporate best practice stormwater management.
Council has installed litter traps to remove litter pollution
before it reaches Port Phillip Bay. Council has won several
awards for these programs and is considered a Local
Government leader in urban stormwater management.
Parks and Reserves
Revegetation Programs
Weed and Pest Animal
Management Programs
Kingston has more than 300 open space areas throughout
the municipality, maintained by Council's Parks Department
and contractors. The reserves range from large open spaces
to small parks with recreational facilities. The main purpose of
revegetation programs is to maintain and restore pre-European
biological diversity through the protection, maintenance and
restoration of ecological processes, indigenous flora and fauna
communities, habitats and gene pools.
Council takes a site-based approach to weed and pest
animal management.
Approximately 20,000 indigenous plants are planted each
year in Council’s Natural Resource Areas. Annual revegetation
targets are set for these reserves. These targets identify the
species and number of plants that should be planted and weed
control measures that need to be undertaken in order to either
maintain or increase vegetation quality and biodiversity.
Weed control is carried out in Natural Resource Areas on an
ongoing basis. Targets for weed management are included
in the vegetation management targets developed and
implemented for areas of significant vegetation in parks
and reserves managed by Council. Pest animal control is
undertaken at specific sites as required. Pest animals regularly
targeted include foxes, rabbits and introduced rats. Weeds
and pest animals move easily across municipal and land
management boundaries, which influences the effectiveness
of control programs. In recognition of this Council participates
with other land managers and neighbouring municipalities in a
Sandbelt Pest Management Group to co-ordinate pest control
approaches at a regional level.
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
17
Profile of Kingston’s
Biodiversity
18
Pre European Settlement
Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve
Like all urban municipalities, Kingston’s land resources have
undergone dramatic changes since European settlement.
The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve is a long narrow
coastal strip that extends from Charman Road, Mentone to
Mordialloc Creek, Mordialloc.
Prior to European settlement, much of the southern area of
Kingston formed an extensive wetland known as the CarrumCarrum Swamp. The swamp has largely been drained and in
places filled with soil from elsewhere, firstly for agriculture and
later for urban development.
Urbanisation and intensive agriculture can degrade
land through clearing, erosion, acidification, salinity and
contamination. Such changes in land have consequent
impacts, especially on waterways and ecosystems.
A major land feature in Kingston is its foreshore, which has
been greatly modified. Much of the coastal vegetation has
been cleared and the dune system has been destabilised by
development and altered coastal processes.
Kingston once supported a diverse range of plant communities,
and each plant community supported a range of species.
Twenty-three major ecological vegetation communities
occurred prior to European settlement, but many of these
have now been lost or greatly reduced in extent. However,
important remnants of these vegetation communities
remain, supporting a range of indigenous flora and fauna.
Some important examples are:
Important Remaining Remnants
Mordialloc Creek Reserve
The Mordialloc Creek Reserve is approximately four hectares
in total area. The reserve slopes steeply from its northern
boundary down to the water’s edge but has a more gradual
gradient along the southern section to the creek edge.
The main remnant vegetation communities are Plains Grassy
Woodland dominated by Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
on fertile silty soils grading sharply into Tall Marsh dominated
by Common Reed (Phragmites australis) in the shallow water
alongside the banks. Dense stands of Swamp Scrub dominated
by Swamp Paperbark (Melaleuca ericifolia) also occur on both
sides of the creek banks.
The Mordialloc Creek Reserve contains some of the best
remaining examples of these vegetation communities managed
by the City of Kingston and Melbourne Water.
The reserve also provides significant propagation material and is
valuable as a natural recreation area and educational resource.
The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve is approximately
12.8 hectares in total area spread out over a 4.5 kilometre
length. The northern portion of the reserve drops steeply
from the eastern boundary down to the edge of the beach
along the western boundary. The southern portion of the
reserve is lower and slopes more gently down to the beach.
The larger areas of mown grass, and the concrete path and
promenade are not included in the Natural Resource Area. The
embankment in the northern portion of the reserve has been
highly modified from a former sandstone cliff, and in many
parts has had foreign soil and rock introduced.
Ecological vegetation classes on the Mentone to Mordialloc
Foreshore Reserve are Coastal Headland Scrub, Coastal Dune
Scrub and Coastal Dune Grassland. Sand Heathland once
occurred on the cliff top at the northern end as depicted in
Tom Roberts 1887 painting Slumbering Sea, Mentone (Yugovic
2006). The introduced Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria),
originally used to stabilise dunes, is invasive and so abundant
that its removal from the entire foreshore is now impracticable.
The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve, in conjunction
with the Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve, is a major
tourism and coastal recreational venue for Melbourne.
The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve has high
conservation values with the presence of locally and regionally
significant flora species and it presents an opportunity to
be established as a major habitat corridor. It also provides a
significant propagation material resource and high value as an
educational resource.
Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve
The Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve is a long narrow
coastal strip that extends from Mordialloc Creek, Mordialloc to
the municipality’s southern boundary at Carrum.
Ecological vegetation classes present are Coast Banksia
Woodland, Coastal Dune Scrub and Coastal Dune Grassland.
Coast Banksia Woodland is now very restricted, but was
evidently extensive along this coast prior to clearing. A range
of indigenous coastal plants occur on the foreshore (Yugovic
2006). The introduced Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria),
originally used to stabilise dunes, is invasive and so abundant
that its removal from the entire foreshore is now impracticable.
The Grange Heathland
The Grange Heathland Reserve is located off Osborne Avenue,
Clayton South and is approximately seven hectares in area. It
slopes from the western side down to the eastern side, which is
seasonally inundated.
CITY OF KINGSTON
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19
The remnant vegetation at the Grange Heathland Reserve
grades from Heathy Woodland dominated by Manna Gum
(Eucalyptus viminalis ssp.pryoriana) on well-drained sandy loam
soils in the west, through a Swampy Woodland dominated
by Mealy Stringybark (Eucalyptus cephalocarpa) on poorlydrained sandy clay loam soils in the central part of the reserve,
to Swamp Scrub dominated by Swamp Paperbark (Melaleuca
ericifolia) on seasonally waterlogged sandy clay soils in the east.
The Grange Heathland Reserve is highly valued as a
conservation area due to the high quality and diversity of
its healthy vegetation. This includes many examples of rare
species. It has dense vegetation that provides significant fauna
refuge, and has relatively intact ecosystems. The reserve is
also valuable as a passive, nature-based recreation venue and
educational resource.
Braeside Park
Four major indigenous plant communities have been identified
in the park. These are described as:
•• Heathy
Woodland: This community is the largest, most
intact in the region. It has the greatest diversity of species of
any community in the park and contains many species that
are now rare in the metropolitan region.
•• Grassy Woodland: This was formally dominated by
kangaroo grass, but now it is mainly an introduced
species. These remnants are considered to have significant
conservation value with scattered patches of native orchids
also present.
•• Swamp Scrub: Only one small remnant remains but it is still
considered to have some conservation value.
•• Wetland
Complex: Provides essential habitat for wetland
dependent or related fauna.
These differing types of environments provide important
habitat for regionally rare mammals, amphibians, reptiles and
birds, and are considered areas of high conservation value.
Braeside Park is principally recognised for its remnant Redgum
Grassy Woodland and Heathy Woodland Communities within
the Gippsland Plains Bioregion. In addition, the constructed
20
wetland supports a diversity of wetland dependent fauna,
particularly birds. These habitats contain two species listed
under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act and twelve species
listed under the China-Australia and Japan-Australia Migratory
Bird Agreements. The park forms the north western extremity
of an open space and habitat corridor known as the SouthEastern Green Wedge, which is flanked by urban development
in Melbourne’s south-east. The park covers a total area of 312
hectares.
Around 150 different bird species have been observed in the
park, with only 12 of them being introduced species. Many
native species also breed in the park, which is utilised by
international migratory species such as Latham’s Snipe and
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. Possums are also very common.
The many dead trees scattered through Braeside Park provide
important habitat for a range of native animals. Unfortunately
rabbits and other introduced or domestic species such as cats,
dogs and foxes are found in the park and cause considerable
habitat damage and threaten the viability of native bird and
mammal populations.
Rowan Woodland
Rowan Woodland Reserve is located off Teralba Close behind
the tennis, netball and baseball facilities on the Springvale and
Westall Road Extension, Dingley (Melways 88 H6).
Rowan Woodland Reserve is approximately 3.9 hectares in total
area. The reserve slopes from the southern end down to the
northwestern corner, which is seasonally inundated, although
some changes in the flooding regime have been made
through the construction of a short drainage channel.
The main remnant vegetation community at Rowan Woodland
Reserve is Plains Grassy Woodland, which includes the
following dominant species:
•• Coast Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. pryoriana);
•• Narrow-leaf Peppermint (Eucalyptus radiata); and
•• Swamp Gum (Eucalyptus ovata).
The understorey is dominated by Spear Grass (Austrostipa mollis),
Grey Tussock-grass (Poa sieberiana), Weeping Grass (Microlaena
stipoides), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longiflolia) and
Thatch Saw-sedge (Gahnia radula).
Epsom Grassland Conservation Reserve
The Epsom Conservation Reserve is located off White Street,
within the new Epsom Park Estate, at the former Epsom
Racecourse, Mordialloc. This grassland is approximately
four hectares and supports two threatened vegetation
communities: Herb-rich Plains Grassy Wetland and Plains
Grassland (South Gippsland).
The Epsom Conservation Reserve vegetation communities are
both listed under the State Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.
There are two species that occur in this reserve that are of State
conservation significance: Pale Swamp Everlasting (Helichrysum
aff. Rutidolepus) and Gilgi Blown-grass (Lachnagrostis punicea var.
filifolia). This reserve provides significant propagation material
and is of high value as a passive, nature-based recreation venue
offering opportunities as an educational resource.
Current Situation
The City of Kingston occupies a significant portion of
Melbourne’s ‘sandbelt’ which is on the western edge of the
Gippsland Plain Bioregion. It includes a range of soil types,
especially sandy soils, and habitats ranging from inland sand
dunes, through creeks and wetlands, to coast bluffs and dunes.
This variety of habitats supports a rich flora and fauna.
The flora of Kingston comprises approximately 430 species
of ferns and flowering plants (‘higher plants’) while the
fauna comprises approximately 250 species of vertebrates
(‘higher animals’). An even larger number of species of smaller
organisms exist but it is not feasible to catalogue these except
for a few groups. For example, information on the status of
insects and fungi is generally inadequate in Victoria as well as
the City of Kingston, thus limiting meaningful analysis.
Council undertook a Rakali (native Water Rat) survey in 2006
along the foreshore and Mordialloc Creek. While no animals
were recorded in the survey, it is thought the species travel
through and use resources in the area at times.
An overview analysis of the flora and fauna of Kingston and
their conservation status was undertaken to provide a technical
basis for this Biodiversity Strategy. The analysis was undertaken
by a workshop conducted in July 2006. Participants were Jeff
Yugovic (Biosis Research), Daniel Gilmore (Biosis Research),
Tony Collins (Kingston City Council), Damien Cook (Australian
Ecosystems), David Bainbridge (Practical Ecology) and Belinda
Ainley (Ainley Projects).
The analysis is based on State Government databases (Flora
Information System, Atlas of Victorian Wildlife) and the
collective knowledge of the workshop members. Definitions
of extinct, endangered, vulnerable and rare are as per the State
Government definition, but applied to the Kingston context
rather than Victoria as a whole. The number of extinctions may
be underestimated as some species may have become extinct
before recording, although several likely species now extinct
are included in the analysis. The following table provides
definitions of conservation status categories as defined by the
Victorian Government.
Kingston is home to approximately
430 species of flora and 250 species
of fauna.
Flora
X
Presumed
Extinct
Not recorded during the past 50 years despite field searches specifically for the plant, or, alternatively,
intensive field searches (since 1950) at all previously known sites have failed to record the plant.
E
Endangered
At risk of disappearing from the wild state if present land use and other causal factors continue to
operate.
V
Vulnerable
Not presently endangered, but likely to become so soon due to continued depletion; occurring mainly
on sites likely to experience changes in land-use which would threaten the survival of the plant in the
wild; or, taxa whose total population is so small that the likelihood of recovery from disturbance, including
localised natural events such as drought, fire or landslip, is doubtful.
R
Rare
Rare but not considered otherwise threatened - there are relatively few known populations or the taxon
is restricted to a relatively small area.
K
Poorly Known Poorly known and suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to one of the above categories (X, E, V
or R). At present, accurate distribution information is inadequate.
S
Secure
None of the above categories
Figure 1. Flora Conservation Status Definitions
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
21
Fauna
E
Extinct
A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is
presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times
(diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should
be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.
RX
Regionally
Extinct
As for Extinct but within a defined region that does not encompass the entire geographic range of
the taxon. A taxon is presumed Regionally Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected
habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout the region have failed to record an
individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.
WX
Extinct in the
Wild
A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized
population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when
exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual),
throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame
appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.
CR
Critically
Endangered
A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the
criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Species Survival Commission 2001), and it is therefore
considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
EN
Endangered
A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E
for Endangered (see Species Survival Commission 2001), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very
high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU
Vulnerable
A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for
Vulnerable (see Species Survival Commission 2001), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk
of extinction in the wild.
NT
Near
Threatened
A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for
Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for
a threatened category in the near future.
DD
Data
Deficient
A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment
of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may
be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution
are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates
that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that
threatened classification is appropriate.
S
Secure
None of the above categories
Figure 2. Fauna Conservation Status Definitions
The conservation status analysis enables the setting of priorities for planning and management.
The major pressures on both habitat and species biodiversity in Kingston is from:
(a) changes in land use associated with urban development and an increasing population;
(b) pest plants and animals replacing or predating on indigenous species especially within the conservation
reserve system; and
(c) chance local extinction due to small population size.
The City of Kingston is a middle-ring urban municipality with on-going new and infill residential and commercial development.
Various land uses in Kingston have been categorised according to their inferred pressure on biodiversity. However, it is
recommended that changes in patterns of land use be monitored over time to assess the actual pressure exerted.
22
Flora
The indigenous flora of the City of Kingston originally consisted of approximately 430 species, or more precisely, taxa (species,
subspecies and varieties). Of these taxa, 10% are extinct, 72% are rare or threatened, and 18% are secure (Table 1, Figure 3).
The flora is strongly concentrated in remnant native vegetation. However a considerable number of species occur in revegetation
areas and a few species occupy disturbed habitats and are widespread in even urban areas.
Status
Species
Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
Rare
Poorly Known
Secure
Total
43
189
47
70
8
78
435
10%
18%
Presumed Extinct
2%
Endangered
Vulnerable
16%
43%
Rare
Poorly Known
Secure
11%
Figure 3. Flora of Kingston Status
Table 1. Flora of Kingston
Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVCs)
13%
35%
Extinct
Endangered
A wide range of habitats or ecosystems, referred to as ‘ecological vegetation classes’ (EVCs) by the StateVulnerable
Government, occur in the
City of Kingston (Table 2, Figure 4). Of the 23 EVCs, 13% are extinct, 87% are rare or threatened, and 0% are secure.
EVC
Status
Brackish Aquatic Herbfield
Brackish Grassland
Brackish Herbland
Brackish Sedgeland
Coast Banksia Woodland
Coastal Dune Grassland
Coastal Dune Scrub
Coastal Headland Scrub
Creekline Grassy Woodland
Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland
Estuarine Reedbed
Estuarine Scrub
Estuarine Wetland
Heathy Woodland
Plains Grassland
Plains Grassy Wetland
Plains Grassy 10%
Woodland
18%
Plains Sedgy Wetland
2%Sand Heathland
Sedge Wetland
16%
Swamp Scrub
43%
Swampy Woodland
Tall11%
Marsh
Example location
Vulnerable
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Extinct
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Presumed Extinct
Extinct
Endangered
Extinct
Vulnerable
Rare Endangered
Poorly Known
Endangered
Secure
Vulnerable
30%
7%
Edithvale52%
Wetland
Epsom Grassland Reserve
12%Wetland
Edithvale
Extinct
Edithvale Wetland
10%
Critically Endangered
Foreshore Reserve (Bonbeach)
Endangered
Foreshore Reserve
to Bonbeach)
9% (ParkdaleVulnerable
Foreshore Reserve (ParkdaleNear
to Threatened
Bonbeach)
Data
Foreshore Reserve (Mentone
toDeficient
Parkdale)
Secure
16%
16%Braeside Park
Woodlands Golf Course
Mordialloc Creek Reserve
Mordialloc Creek Reserve
Mordialloc Creek Reserve
The Grange Heathland Reserve, Braeside Park
Epsom Grassland Reserve
Braeside Park
Braeside Park
Edithvale Wetland
The Grange Heathland Reserve (Clayton South)
Dingley Road Reserve, The Grange Reserve
Edithvale Wetland
Table 2. Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston
35%
13%
Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
52%
Figure 4. Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston
CITY OF KINGSTON
12%
30%
10%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
23
Fauna
10%
18% fauna of the City of Kingston consists of approximately 250 species (Table 3). Of these, 12% are extinct, 50% are
The indigenous
Presumed Extinct
rare or threatened, and 30% are secure (Figure
5). The fauna is concentrated in remnant native vegetation. However, a considerable
2%
Endangered
number of species occur in parks and gardens
within urban areas.
Vulnerable
16%
43%
Resident
Extinct
24
11%
Rare
Poorly Known
Secure
Transient
TOTAL
6
30
Critically Endangered
22
2
24
Endangered
10
12
22
19
41
Endangered
16
39
Vulnerable
4
17
Vulnerable
35%
13%22
Near Threatened
23
Data Deficient
13
Extinct
Secure
71
5
76
Total
185
64
249
Table 3. Fauna of Kingston
52%
12%
30%
10%
9%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
7%
16%
16%
Data Deficient
Secure
Figure 5. Fauna of Kingston Status
The fauna can be divided into species that can always be found in Kingston (resident fauna) and species that are not permanently
present in Kingston (transient fauna). For the resident fauna, land use and management within Kingston are the major
determinants of ongoing survival. For the transient fauna, land use and management outside Kingston are at least as important
for survival, but these external factors are not readily addressed by this strategy. Habitat for transient fauna within Kingston can be
maintained, but species may decline despite this for external reasons.
24
Resident fauna
The resident indigenous fauna of the City of Kingston consists of approximately 185 species (Figure 6). Of these, 13% are extinct,
41% are rare or threatened, and 38% are secure. The secure fauna are generally species found in parks and gardens.
13%
Extinct
12%
39%
5%
7%
12%
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data Deficient
Secure
12%
Figure 6. Resident fauna of Kingston
9%
13%
8%
3%
6%
12%
Extinct
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
19%
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
5%
25%
Threatened
The indigenous
fauna of the City of KingstonNear
consists
of approximately 64 species (Figure 7). Of these, 9% are extinct, 83%
Near
Threatened
Data Deficient
Data
Deficient fauna are generally more threatened than the resident fauna as they
12%
are rare or threatened, and 8%
are secure. The
transient
Secure
Secure
39%
Transient
fauna
7%to urban
are less adapted
12% habitats and human disturbance.
30%
6%
8%
9%
3%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
19%
25%
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data Deficient
Secure
30%
Figure 7. Transient fauna of Kingston
A full list of all flora and fauna species found within the City of Kingston can be found in the appendices.
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
25
Issues and Opportunities for
Biodiversity Conservation
26
There are several issues affecting biodiversity within the
municipality. There are also many opportunities to enhance
biodiversity. The issues and opportunities are listed below.
Issues
•• Environmental weeds (invasive introduced plants) compete
with and often out-compete indigenous plants. These
environmental weeds are a result of previous land uses,
garden escapes into natural areas and deliberate plantings.
•• Areas of remnant and other indigenous vegetation are at risk
of being gradually degraded and lost. This is occurring on
both private and public land, from causes such as clearing
for re-development, lack of regeneration to replace ageing
plants, deliberate destruction and vandalism of vegetation.
Remnant indigenous communities are irreplaceable and
are an important source of local provenance stock for
revegetation projects.
•• A number of indigenous species are locally vulnerable
or endangered and may become extinct if threatening
processes continue.
•• A basic prioritised approach to native vegetation
management is the three ‘R’s (Yugovic 2000):
 Retention
 Restoration (or Rehabilitation)
 Revegetation
These are listed in order of increasing management input
requirement and decreasing ecological value. Retention of
intact vegetation has the lowest relative cost and highest
ecological value (not including land acquisition). Revegetation
has the highest relative cost and lowest ecological value.
Revegetation is the partial or complete reconstruction of native
vegetation where weeds were previously dominant. There are
two types of revegetation: (1) stable revegetation is the typical
landscaping situation where planted specimens are maintained
by mulching and weed control and there is no recruitment of
new plants, (2) dynamic revegetation is vegetation managed
for recruitment of new plants; this is more technically
demanding and is most appropriate in conservation reserves.
Reference: Yugovic J 2000. Some concepts in revegetation.
Indigenotes 13(2): 2.
•• Habitat for most indigenous fauna has been severely
depleted and is fragmented into mostly isolated patches.
•• Many introduced animals are predators of native fauna or
disturb indigenous vegetation. Foxes and uncontrolled
domestic pets prey on native animals. Introduced birds and
rabbits compete with native animals for resources. Rabbits
feeding on new growth impact on natural regeneration.
•• Visitation and access to parks, reserves and other natural
resource areas can have a negative impact on biodiversity if
not appropriately managed.
•• Fire is a very important management tool for regeneration
and weed control in some vegetation communities.
Due to the dense urbanised nature of the municipality,
ecological burning in reserves requires careful planning and
management.
•• Pollutants in stormwater degrade aquatic habitats and
surrounding ecosystems including wetlands, creeks and Port
Phillip Bay.
•• Some activities within the City of Kingston have impacts on
biodiversity that are wider reaching than the municipality.
Such activities include the production of greenhouse gases
from motor vehicle and energy use and stormwater pollution
that ends up affecting the health of Port Phillip Bay.
Opportunities
•• There are areas within Council reserves and other public land
where there is scope for natural regeneration, revegetation
with indigenous species and site management to increase
native flora and fauna habitat.
•• There are potential opportunities to plant indigenous
trees, shrubs and/or ground layer plants in streetscapes,
carparks, school grounds, gardens of residential and
commercial properties, Council properties and the foreshore
as appropriate. Council undertakes many of these already
through existing programs.
•• Existing reserves containing indigenous species have the
potential to be linked and extended as wildlife corridors. This
will increase the size and connectivity of reserves which will
increase opportunities for species retention, adaption and
evolution.
•• Community groups and educational institutions with an
interest in environmental and biodiversity action have the
opportunity to undertake relevant projects and where
possible access grant funding.
•• Council has the opportunity to continue to engage and work
with community groups and educational institutions and to
increase the level of involvement of such groups.
•• Council may continue to foster links and partnerships with
other municipal councils and government agencies such as
Parks Victoria and Melbourne Water.
•• Council has the opportunity to increase awareness within the
local community about local indigenous plants and animals.
This includes the ability of indigenous plants to reduce water
consumption.
•• Approaches to NRA management can be continually
improved through scientific knowledge, technological
advances, training opportunities and enhanced resource
allocation.
Council will continue to engage and
work with community groups and
educational institutions to protect the
environment.
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
27
Action Plan
28
It is important to identify and document appropriate actions to meet the objectives of the strategy.
These actions are identified in the table below. All actions have been assigned a priority from 1-3 meaning the following:
Anticipated timelines (all subject to resources and funding):
1 - Intended to commence within one year
2 - Intended to commence within three years
3 - Intended to commence within five years
Priority
Action
Action
Number
Responsibility Additional
(within
Resources
Council)
Required
(estimates
based on
2006 figures)
Comments/Current Status
Objective 1: Identify, protect and manage remnant indigenous vegetation
1
1
Collect habitat hectare data on all Council
owned land in Kingston to provide a baseline
inventory for future monitoring. Council
should also work with other land management
agencies to encourage data collection and
sharing on other land in Kingston.
Environment
Department
$10-$15,000
Existing data collected at
NRA sites, further work
required to develop
consistent sharing approach.
Non-NRA sites still to be
surveyed
2
3
Update and validate habitat hectare
information in 2010, and establish a monitoring
plan.
Environment
Department
$10-$15,000
As above
3
Identify existing and potential wildlife
corridors.
Environment
Department
1
Dandenong Living Links
Existing projects –
Mordialloc Creek, Epsom,
Yammerbook, Foreshore
Reserve
4
Develop the actions needed to protect and
enhance the wildlife corridors, identified in
Action 3.
3
Environment
Department
Dandenong Living Links
Partnership, Sustainability
Accord, NRA crew,
developing Coastal
Management Plan,
Vegetation Management
Plans
Objective 2: Identify, protect and enhance sites of habitat significance and other significant vegetation
5
Investigate the status of species considered
endangered in Kingston that are also listed
as rare or threatened at the regional, state
or national level, and take appropriate
management actions. This may include
activities like weeding, fencing, propagation
and planting.
3
Environment
Department
$15,000
Rakali Survey Species list
provided in Biodiversity
Strategy
6
Investigate the status of species considered
endangered in Kingston that are not listed as
rare or threatened at the state or national level,
and take appropriate management actions.
2
Environment
Department
$15,000
As above
7
Investigate the status of species considered
vulnerable in Kingston, and take appropriate
management actions.
3
Environment
Department
As above
Figure 8. Action Plan
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
29
Priority
Action
Action
Number
Responsibility Additional
(within
Resources
Council)
Required
(estimates
based on
2006 figures)
Comments/Current Status
8
Investigate the status of EVCs considered
endangered in Kingston, and take appropriate
management actions.
1
Environment
Department
$7,500
List provided for Biodiversity
Strategy by Dr. Jeff Yugovic
9
Investigate the status of EVCs considered
vulnerable in Kingston, and take appropriate
management actions.
2
Environment
Department
$7,500
As above
10
Prepare Vegetation Management Targets
(VMT) focusing on remnant vegetation and
re-vegetation at key sites. This should be
reviewed every five years.
1
Environment
Department
Current and ongoing within
NRA managed sites
Objective 3: Undertake and encourage revegetation using indigenous species
11
Plant indigenous species in biodiversity
2
corridors, recreational parks and reserves,
streetscapes, car parks and Council premises.
Continue to encourage schools, residential and
commercial properties to plant indigenous
plants where appropriate.
Environment
Department
Ongoing
12
Identify opportunities to enhance or create
habitat for indigenous fauna. Develop
management prescriptions to maintain these
areas, for example: ensure that off-lead dog
exercise areas are not adjacent to designated
habitat areas, and manage access within
designated habitat areas.
Environment
Department
Limited restrictions in place
at a number of reserves.
Feral proof fence installed at
the Grange Reserve
3
Objective 4: Reduce negative impacts on biodiversity within and beyond Kingston’s boundaries that arise from activities
within the municipality
13
Implement actions as outlined in other
relevant Council Strategies and Plans such
as:- Stormwater Quality Management Plan,
Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sustainable Water Use Plan.
14
15
3
Environment
Department
Current and ongoing
Introduce Environmental Significance or
2
Vegetation Protection Overlay controls into the
revised Planning Scheme where appropriate.
Strategic
Planning
Native vegetation
Framework
Investigate opportunities to introduce
incentives and supporting mechanisms to
encourage biodiversity conservation on
private land.
Environment
Department
Native Vegetation
Framework.
Indigenous plant giveaways
3
Objective 5: Increase awareness, appreciation and understanding of biodiversity in the local community and create
opportunities for participation in biodiversity management
16
Identify opportunities and appropriate
methods for interpretive information in
Council parks and reserves and other suitable
locations.
Figure 8. Action Plan continued
30
3
Environment
Department
Brochures available at The
Grange, Bradshaw Park,
Epsom Grassland, and
Information boards.
NRA crew brochure available
through Customer Service
Centres.
Weeds brochure
Priority
Action
Action
Number
Responsibility Additional
(within
Resources
Council)
Required
(estimates
based on
2006 figures)
Comments/Current Status
17
Identify opportunities to expand the Growing
the Foreshore’s Future Program to other areas
of the municipality.
3
Environment
Department
Program currently operating
in foreshore areas
18
3
Ensure that information is available about the
impacts of cats and dogs on native wildlife and
ways to reduce these impacts
Environment
Department
Information currently
available from DSE
19
Support major environmental programs, as
appropriate.
2
Environment
Department
Forums, Friends Groups,
Events (Clean Up Australia
Day, National Tree Day)
20
Support community groups and school groups 1
working on projects to maintain and enhance
local biodiversity.
Environment
Department
As above
21
Work with community groups and school
groups to identify appropriate grant
opportunities for biodiversity actions.
2
Environment
Department
Ongoing with Friends
Groups
22
Make biodiversity information more readily
available through the Council website and
other media avenues. Examples of information
could include: a list of priority environmental
weeds information on indigenous plants and
areas where they are found.
2
Environment
Department
Weeds Poster Species
(list database for NRA sites)
Objective 6: Work in partnership with neighbouring municipalities and other land managers and stakeholders to enhance
and protect biodiversity
23
Work collaboratively with adjoining Local and
State Government authorities, to protect and
enhance sites of biodiversity significance,
and to undertake coordinated pest plant and
animal control.
2
Environment
Department
Strategic
Planning
Current and ongoing at
Mordialloc Creek
24
Pursue partnerships with local businesses and
schools and other educational institutions for
specific biodiversity projects.
2
Environment
Department
Current and ongoing at
Mordialloc Creek
Figure 8. Action Plan continued
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
31
Funding Options
Implementation of the actions in this strategy will be staged over
a number of years. An indication of the resources required for
each action is provided in the preceding Action Plan.
Allocation of funds to many of the actions will occur
progressively through Council’s normal budget processes.
However, there is potential to obtain funding for some
projects from external sources including:
•• Grants Programs of the State and Commonwealth
Governments, such as the Natural Heritage Trust, Parks
Victoria Agency Grants and labor market programs such as
Work for the Dole;
•• Sponsorship from local businesses and industry;
•• Philanthropic trusts with an interest in environmental
projects;
32
•• The Alternative Sentencing Fund, which transfers court
fines for pollution episodes to fund local environment
projects; and
•• Fundraising by local schools for specific biodiversity projects
in which the students could be involved.
Resources could be pooled in partnership projects with State
Government agencies, educational institutions, public land
managers and non-government organisations.
The identification of strategically important actions in this
document provides a justification and basis for preparing grant
submissions and applications for other external funding, as
well as proposals for sponsorship and partnerships.
Indicators and Targets
A number of proposed environmental performance indicators are listed below, with associated targets, in an effort to
measure the success of actions taken.
Indicators
Target for 2012
Number of indigenous flora species present
To be determined after vegetation inventory. There should be
no reduction in the number of indigenous flora species.
Remnant large trees
Losses only due to old age, storms or danger to the public.
Area of remnant indigenous vegetation
No reduction in the area of remnant indigenous vegetation.
Number of indigenous fauna species resident or regularly
visiting
Increase or maintain at current levels.
Native vegetation/habitat quality
Net gain since baseline survey.
Area of revegetation/regeneration established and maintained
within important remnants
Increase since baseline study
Number of recorded environmental weed species
No increase over baseline figure.
Community involvement
Maintain at current levels or increase.
Figure 9. Indicators and Targets
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
33
Monitoring, Reporting,
Review and Evaluation
Progress on the implementation of this strategy will be
reported on at the end of each financial year as part of Council’s
Annual Report process.
A monitoring program will provide baseline and trend
information about local flora, fauna and ecosystems to inform
management and policy decisions.
This strategy supports the strategic directions and priorities
for biodiversity conservation, which have been outlined
in national, state and regional strategies and applies these
principles at a local level.
This strategy will further Council’s commitment to
environmental sustainability.
The Action Plan will be reviewed annually with budget
allocations made, as part of Council’s corporate planning and
budgetary processes.
Social Criteria
This Biodiversity Strategy will be subject to a comprehensive
review, with community consultation, in five years time (2012).
•• More opportunities to become involved with environmental
community projects;
Evaluation
Environmental Criteria
This Biodiversity Strategy plays an important role in the
protection and enhancement of important and threatened
biodiversity assets including all indigenous flora and fauna. Any
actions to conserve these assets will assist in improving other
environmental factors such as air and water quality.
34
This strategy will benefit the community now and into the
future by providing:
•• Greater awareness and appreciation of the role of indigenous
flora and fauna; and
•• Increased opportunity to see and learn more about native
flora and fauna.
Economic Criteria
It is difficult to attribute a monetary value on biodiversity assets
and all the life they support, but these assets are of significant
value to the municipality and are worthy of investment and
enhancement.
Appendix 1.
City of Kingston Reserves
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
35
Appendix 2.
City of Kingston Reserves
36
Appendix 3.
Flora of the City of Kingston
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Acacia brownii
Heath Wattle
Endangered
Acacia dealbata
Silver Wattle
Endangered
Acacia implexa
Lightwood
Endangered
Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae
Coast Wattle
Secure
Acacia mearnsii
Black Wattle
Secure
Acacia melanoxylon
Blackwood
Secure
Acacia oxycedrus
Spike Wattle
Secure
Acacia paradoxa
Hedge Wattle
Rare
Acacia pycnantha
Golden Wattle
Vulnerable
Acacia stricta
Hop Wattle
Endangered
Acacia suaveolens
Sweet Wattle
Endangered
Acacia ulicifolia
Juniper Wattle
Extinct
Acacia verticillata
Prickly Moses
Endangered
Acaena agnipila
Hairy Sheep's Burr
Secure
Acaena echinata
Sheep's Burr
Endangered
Acaena novae-zelandiae
Bidgee-widgee
Vulnerable
Acaena ovina
Australian Sheep's Burr
Endangered
Acianthus caudatus
Mayfly Orchid
Extinct
Acianthus exsertus s.l.
Gnat Orchid
Endangered
Acrotriche serrulata
Honey-pots
Endangered
Actites megalocarpa
Dune Thistle
Vulnerable
Alisma plantago-aquatica
Water Plantain
Rare
Allocasuarina littoralis
Black Sheoak
Vulnerable
Allocasuarina paludosa
Scrub Sheoak
Endangered
Allocasuarina paradoxa
Green Sheoak
Endangered
Allocasuarina verticillata
Drooping Sheoak
Endangered
Alternanthera denticulata s.s.
Lesser Joyweed
Rare
Alyxia buxifolia
Sea Box
Endangered
Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada
Broom Spurge
Secure
Amphibromus archeri
Pointed Swamp Wallaby-grass
Vulnerable
Amphibromus fluitans
River Swamp Wallaby-grass
Endangered
Amphibromus nervosus
Common Swamp Wallaby-grass
Rare
Amyema pendula
Drooping Mistletoe
Endangered
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
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38
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Aotus ericoides
Common Aotus
Vulnerable
Apium prostratum
Sea Celery
Endangered
Apodasmia brownii
Coarse Twine-rush
Endangered
Argentipallium obtusifolium
Blunt Everlasting
Poorly Known
Arthropodium milleflorum
Vanilla Lily
Endangered
Arthropodium sp. 3 (aff. strictum)
Small Chocolate-lily
Endangered
Arthropodium strictum s.l.
Chocolate Lily
Secure
Asperula euryphylla
Broad-leaf Woodruff
Poorly Known
Asperula scoparia
Prickly Woodruff
Endangered
Asperula subsimplex
Water Woodruff
Endangered
Astroloma humifusum
Cranberry Heath
Vulnerable
Atriplex cinerea
Coast Saltbush
Secure
Atriplex semibaccata
Berry Saltbush
Endangered
Austrodanthonia bipartita s.l.
Leafy Wallaby-grass
Vulnerable
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Common Wallaby-grass
Vulnerable
Austrodanthonia duttoniana
Brown-back Wallaby-grass
Rare
Austrodanthonia eriantha
Hill Wallaby-grass
Poorly Known
Austrodanthonia fulva
Copper-awned Wallaby-grass
Endangered
Austrodanthonia geniculata
Kneed Wallaby-grass
Secure
Austrodanthonia laevis
Smooth Wallaby-grass
Rare
Austrodanthonia racemosa
Stiped Wallaby-grass
Secure
Austrodanthonia setacea
Bristly Wallaby-grass
Secure
Austrodanthonia tenuior
Purplish Wallaby-grass
Extinct
Austrostipa mollis
Supple Spear-grass
Rare
Austrostipa pubinodis
Tall Spear-grass
Endangered
Austrostipa rudis
Veined Spear-grass
Vulnerable
Austrostipa scabra
Rough Spear-grass
Endangered
Austrostipa semibarbata
Fibrous Spear-grass
Vulnerable
Austrostipa stipoides
Prickly Spear-grass
Rare
Azolla filiculoides
Pacific Azolla
Secure
Banksia integrifolia
Coast Banksia
Endangered
Banksia marginata
Silver Banksia
Secure
Baumea acuta
Pale Twig-sedge
Endangered
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Baumea arthrophylla
Fine Twig-sedge
Rare
Baumea juncea
Bare Twig-sedge
Vulnerable
Billardiera scandens
Common Apple-berry
Secure
Blechnum minus
Soft Water-fern
Endangered
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Salt Club-sedge
Secure
Bolboschoenus medianus
Marsh Club-sedge
Vulnerable
Bossiaea cinerea
Showy Bossiaea
Secure
Bossiaea prostrata
Creeping Bossiaea
Secure
Brachyscome cardiocarpa
Swamp Daisy
Endangered
Brachyscome graminea
Grass Daisy
Extinct
Brachyscome parvula
Coast Daisy
Endangered
Bulbine bulbosa
Bulbine Lily
Endangered
Burchardia umbellata
Milkmaids
Secure
Bursaria spinosa
Sweet Bursaria
Vulnerable
Caesia calliantha
Blue Grass-lily
Vulnerable
Caesia parviflora
Pale Grass-lily
Vulnerable
Caladenia australis
Southern Spider-orchid
Extinct
Caladenia carnea
Pink Fingers
Endangered
Caladenia catenata
White Fingers
Endangered
Caladenia latifolia
Pink Fairies
Extinct
Caladenia venusta
Large White Spider-orchid
Extinct
Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata
Large Bindweed
Extinct
Carex appressa
Tall Sedge
Rare
Carex breviculmis
Common Grass-sedge
Secure
Carex inversa
Knob Sedge
Secure
Carex tereticaulis
Poong'ort
Endangered
Carpobrotus rossii
Karkalla
Vulnerable
Cassinia aculeata
Common Cassinia
Endangered
Cassinia arcuata
Drooping Cassinia
Rare
Cassinia longifolia
Shiny Cassinia
Endangered
Cassytha glabella
Slender Dodder-laurel
Endangered
Cassytha melantha
Coarse Dodder-laurel
Endangered
Cassytha pubescens s.s.
Downy Dodder-laurel
Rare
Centella cordifolia
Centella
Rare
Centrolepis aristata
Pointed Centrolepis
Endangered
Centrolepis fascicularis
Tufted Centrolepis
Endangered
Centrolepis strigosa subsp. strigosa
Hairy Centrolepis
Vulnerable
Chamaescilla corymbosa
Blue Stars
Endangered
Chenopodium glaucum
Glaucous Goosefoot
Vulnerable
Chorizandra cymbaria s.l.
Heron Bristle-sedge
Extinct
Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l.
Common Everlasting
Endangered
Chrysocephalum semipapposum
Clustered Everlasting
Extinct
Clematis aristata
Mountain Clematis
Poorly Known
Clematis microphylla
Small-leaved Clematis
Endangered
Comesperma calymega
Blue-spike Milkwort
Endangered
Comesperma defoliatum
Leafless Milkwort
Extinct
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
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40
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Comesperma ericinum
Heath Milkwort
Extinct
Comesperma volubile
Love Creeper
Endangered
Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg.
Pink Bindweed
Endangered
Coprosma quadrifida
Prickly Currant-bush
Extinct
Correa alba var. alba
White Correa
Rare
Correa reflexa
Common Correa
Vulnerable
Corunastylis despectans
Sharp Midge-orchid
Endangered
Corybas diemenicus
Veined Helmet-orchid
Endangered
Corybas fimbriatus
Fringed Helmet-orchid
Extinct
Cotula australis
Common Cotula
Secure
Craspedia canens
Grey Billy-buttons
Endangered
Craspedia glauca spp. agg.
Common Billy-buttons
Endangered
Craspedia paludicola
Swamp Billy-buttons
Endangered
Crassula decumbens var. decumbens
Spreading Crassula
Secure
Crassula helmsii
Swamp Crassula
Rare
Crassula peduncularis
Purple Crassula
Endangered
Crassula sieberiana s.l.
Sieber Crassula
Rare
Cryptostylis subulata
Large Tongue-orchid
Poorly Known
Cyrtostylis reniformis
Small Gnat-orchid
Endangered
Cyrtostylis robusta
Large Gnat-orchid
Endangered
Daviesia ulicifolia
Gorse Bitter-pea
Endangered
Deyeuxia quadriseta
Reed Bent-grass
Vulnerable
Dianella longifolia s.l.
Pale Flax-lily
Endangered
Dianella revoluta s.l.
Black-anther Flax-lily
Rare
Dichelachne crinita
Long-hair Plume-grass
Rare
Dichondra repens
Kidney-weed
Secure
Dillwynia cinerascens s.l.
Grey Parrot-pea
Endangered
Dillwynia glaberrima
Smooth Parrot-pea
Rare
Dillwynia sericea
Showy Parrot-pea
Endangered
Dipodium punctatum s.l.
Hyacinth Orchid
Endangered
Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum
Rounded Noon-flower
Rare
Distichlis distichophylla
Australian Salt-grass
Vulnerable
Diuris orientis
Wallflower Orchid
Endangered
Diuris pardina
Leopard Orchid
Endangered
Diuris punctata var. punctata
Purple Diuris
Endangered
Diuris sulphurea
Tiger Orchid
Endangered
Drosera macrantha
Climbing Sundew
Endangered
Drosera peltata subsp. auriculata
Tall Sundew
Rare
Drosera peltata subsp. peltata
Pale Sundew
Vulnerable
Drosera pygmaea
Tiny Sundew
Endangered
Drosera whittakeri subsp. aberrans
Scented Sundew
Endangered
Einadia nutans subsp. nutans
Nodding Saltbush
Rare
Einadia trigonos subsp. trigonos
Lax Goosefoot
Endangered
Eleocharis acuta
Common Spike-sedge
Secure
Eleocharis pusilla
Small Spike-sedge
Vulnerable
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Eleocharis sphacelata
Tall Spike-sedge
Rare
Elymus scaber
Common Wheat-grass
Secure
Empodisma minus
Spreading Rope-rush
Endangered
Epacris impressa
Common Heath
Rare
Epacris obtusifolia
Blunt-leaf Heath
Endangered
Epilobium billardierianum subsp. billardierianum
Smooth Willow-herb
Rare
Epilobium billardierianum subsp. cinereum
Grey Willow-herb
Rare
Epilobium hirtigerum
Hairy Willow-herb
Secure
Eragrostis brownii
Common Love-grass
Rare
Eriochilus cucullatus
Parson's Bands
Endangered
Erodium crinitum
Blue Heron's-bill
Endangered
Eryngium vesiculosum
Prickfoot
Vulnerable
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
River Red-gum
Secure
Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.s.
Mealy Stringybark
Endangered
Eucalyptus melliodora
Yellow Box
Endangered
Eucalyptus ovata
Swamp Gum
Secure
Eucalyptus pauciflora
Snow Gum
Endangered
Eucalyptus radiata s.l.
Narrow-leaf Peppermint
Endangered
Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana
Coast Manna-gum
Secure
Euchiton collinus s.s.
Creeping Cudweed
Rare
Exocarpos cupressiformis
Cherry Ballart
Secure
Ficinia nodosa
Knobby Club-sedge
Rare
Gahnia radula
Thatch Saw-sedge
Secure
Gahnia sieberiana
Red-fruit Saw-sedge
Endangered
Geranium retrorsum
Grassland Cranesbill
Endangered
Geranium solanderi s.l.
Austral Cranesbill
Rare
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Scientific name
Common name
Status
Glossodia major
Wax-lip Orchid
Endangered
Glyceria australis
Australian Sweet-grass
Vulnerable
Glycine clandestina
Twining Glycine
Endangered
Glycine tabacina s.l.
Variable Glycine
Extinct
Gompholobium huegelii
Common Wedge-pea
Endangered
Gonocarpus humilis
Shade Raspwort
Endangered
Gonocarpus micranthus
Creeping Raspwort
Endangered
Gonocarpus tetragynus
Common Raspwort
Secure
Goodenia elongata
Lanky Goodenia
Endangered
Goodenia geniculata
Bent Goodenia
Endangered
Goodenia humilis
Swamp Goodenia
Endangered
Goodenia ovata
Hop Goodenia
Rare
Goodia lotifolia
Golden Tip
Endangered
Gratiola peruviana
Austral Brooklime
Endangered
Hakea nodosa
Yellow Hakea
Endangered
Hakea ulicina
Furze Hakea
Endangered
Haloragis heterophylla
Varied Raspwort
Endangered
Hardenbergia violacea
Purple Coral-pea
Extinct
Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps)
Pale Swamp Everlasting
Endangered
Helichrysum scorpioides
Button Everlasting
Endangered
Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata
Mat Grass
Secure
Hibbertia acicularis
Prickly Guinea-flower
Endangered
Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata
Bundled Guinea-flower
Rare
Hibbertia procumbens
Spreading Guinea-flower
Endangered
Hibbertia sericea s.l.
Silky Guinea-flower
Rare
Hibbertia stricta s.l.
Upright Guinea-flower
Endangered
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Hovea heterophylla
Common Hovea
Endangered
Hydrocotyle foveolata
Yellow Pennywort
Endangered
Hydrocotyle hirta
Hairy Pennywort
Endangered
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
Stinking Pennywort
Endangered
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
Shining Pennywort
Endangered
Hypericum gramineum
Small St John's Wort
Rare
Hypericum japonicum
Matted St John's Wort
Endangered
Hypolaena fastigiata
Tassel Rope-rush
Vulnerable
Hypoxis glabella s.l.
Yellow star
Extinct
Hypoxis hygrometrica
Golden Weather-glass
Endangered
Hypoxis vaginata
Yellow Star
Endangered
Isoetes drummondii
Plain Quillwort
Extinct
Isolepis cernua var. cernua
Nodding Club-sedge
Endangered
Isolepis cernua var. platycarpa
Broad-fruit Club-sedge
Vulnerable
Isolepis fluitans
Floating Club-sedge
Endangered
Isolepis inundata
Swamp Club-sedge
Rare
Isolepis marginata
Little Club-sedge
Secure
Isolepis stellata
Star Club-sedge
Endangered
Juncus amabilis
Hollow Rush
Secure
Juncus bufonius
Toad Rush
Secure
Juncus flavidus
Gold Rush
Vulnerable
Juncus holoschoenus
Joint-leaf Rush
Rare
Juncus kraussii
Sea Rush
Vulnerable
Juncus pallidus
Pale Rush
Secure
Juncus pauciflorus
Loose-flower Rush
Endangered
Juncus planifolius
Broad-leaf Rush
Secure
Juncus radula
Hoary Rush
Endangered
Juncus sarophorus
Broom Rush
Rare
Juncus subsecundus
Finger Rush
Rare
Kennedia prostrata
Running Postman
Endangered
Kunzea ericoides spp. agg.
Burgan
Endangered
Lachnagrostis aemula s.l.
Leafy Blown-grass
Endangered
Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l.
Coast Blown-grass
Vulnerable
Lachnagrostis filiformis
Common Blown-grass
Secure
Lachnagrostis punicea subsp. filifolia
Purple Blown-grass
Endangered
Lagenophora gracilis
Slender Bottle-daisy
Endangered
Lagenophora stipitata
Common Bottle-daisy
Rare
Laxmannia orientalis
Dwarf Wire-lily
Endangered
Lemna disperma
Common Duckweed
Secure
Lepidosperma concavum
Sandhill Sword-sedge
Secure
Lepidosperma laterale
Variable Sword-sedge
Endangered
Lepidosperma longitudinale
Pithy Sword-sedge
Secure
Lepidosperma semiteres
Wire Rapier-sedge
Endangered
Lepilaena bilocularis
Small-fruit Water-mat
Endangered
Leptorhynchos squamatus
Scaly Buttons
Endangered
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Scientific name
Common name
Status
Leptorhynchos tenuifolius
Wiry Buttons
Endangered
Leptospermum continentale
Prickly Tea-tree
Secure
Leptospermum laevigatum
Coast Tea-tree
Secure
Leptospermum lanigerum
Woolly Tea-tree
Endangered
Leptospermum myrsinoides
Heath Tea-tree
Secure
Lepyrodia muelleri
Common Scale-rush
Endangered
Leucophyta brownii
Cushion Bush
Secure
Leucopogon parviflorus
Coast Beard-heath
Endangered
Leucopogon virgatus
Common Beard-heath
Rare
Lilaeopsis polyantha
Australian Lilaeopsis
Rare
Limosella australis
Austral Mudwort
Rare
Lindsaea linearis
Screw Fern
Endangered
Lobelia anceps
Angled Lobelia
Vulnerable
Lobelia irrigua
Salt Pratia
Vulnerable
Lobelia pedunculata s.l.
Matted Pratia
Endangered
Lobelia pratioides
Poison Lobelia
Endangered
Lomandra filiformis
Wattle Mat-rush
Secure
Lomandra longifolia
Spiny-headed Mat-rush
Secure
Lomandra multiflora
Many-flowered Mat-rush
Endangered
Lomandra nana
Dwarf Mat-rush
Endangered
Luzula meridionalis
Common Woodrush
Endangered
Lycopodiella lateralis
Slender Clubmoss
Extinct
Lythrum hyssopifolia
Small Loosestrife
Secure
Malva australiana
Australian Hollyhock
Extinct
Melaleuca ericifolia
Swamp Paperbark
Secure
Melaleuca squarrose
Scented Paperbark
Vulnerable
Microlaena stipoides
Weeping Grass
Secure
Microseris lanceolata
Yam Daisy
Extinct
Microtis parviflora
Slender Onion-orchid
Secure
Microtis rara
Sweet Onion-orchid
Extinct
Microtis unifolia
Common Onion-orchid
Rare
Mimulus repens
Creeping Monkey-flower
Rare
Monotoca scoparia
Prickly Broom-heath
Endangered
Muehlenbeckia adpressa
Climbing Lignum
Vulnerable
Muellerina eucalyptoides
Creeping Mistletoe
Rare
Myoporum insulare
Common Boobialla
Secure
Myriophyllum crispatum
Upright Water-milfoil
Vulnerable
Myriophyllum salsugineum
Lake Water-milfoil
Rare
Myriophyllum simulans
Amphibious Water-milfoil
Endangered
Myriophyllum verrucosum
Red Water-milfoil
Vulnerable
Neopaxia australasica
White Purslane
Endangered
Notodanthonia semiannularis
Wetland Wallaby-grass
Secure
Olearia glandulosa
Swamp Daisy-bush
Extinct
Olearia ramulosa
Twiggy Daisy-bush
Rare
Opercularia ovata
Broad-leaf Stinkweed
Endangered
Opercularia varia
Variable Stinkweed
Secure
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Orthoceras strictum
Horned Orchid
Extinct
Oxalis exilis
Shady Wood-sorrel
Endangered
Oxalis perennans
Grassland Wood-sorrel
Rare
Oxalis radicosa
Stout-rooted Wood-sorrel
Extinct
Ozothamnus ferrugineus
Tree Everlasting
Secure
Ozothamnus turbinatus
Coast Everlasting
Vulnerable
Patersonia occidentalis
Long Purple-flag
Rare
Pelargonium australe
Austral Stork's-bill
Endangered
Pentapogon quadrifidus
Five-awned Spear-grass
Vulnerable
Persicaria decipiens
Slender Knotweed
Secure
Persicaria hydropiper
Water Pepper
Rare
Persicaria lapathifolia
Pale Knotweed
Rare
Persoonia juniperina
Prickly Geebung
Endangered
Philydrum lanuginosum
Woolly Waterlily
Endangered
Phragmites australis
Common Reed
Secure
Picris angustifolia
Native Picris
Extinct
Pimelea curviflora s.l.
Curved Rice-flower
Endangered
Pimelea glauca
Smooth Rice-flower
Endangered
Pimelea humilis
Common Rice-flower
Secure
Pimelea octophylla
Woolly Rice-flower
Extinct
Pimelea phylicoides
Heath Rice-flower
Extinct
Plantago gaudichaudii
Narrow Plantain
Endangered
Plantago varia
Variable Plantain
Endangered
Platylobium obtusangulum
Common Flat-pea
Vulnerable
Platysace heterophylla var. heterophylla
Slender Platysace
Rare
Poa clelandii
Noah's Ark
Endangered
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Scientific name
Common name
Status
Poa labillardierei
Common Tussock-grass
Secure
Poa morrisii
Soft Tussock-grass
Secure
Poa poiformis
Coast Tussock-grass
Vulnerable
Poa sieberiana
Grey Tussock-grass
Secure
Poa sieberiana var. hirtella
Grey Tussock-grass
Poorly Known
Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana
Grey Tussock-grass
Vulnerable
Poranthera microphylla
Small Poranthera
Rare
Portulaca oleracea
Common Purslane
Secure
Potamogeton crispus
Curly Pondweed
Rare
Potamogeton ochreatus
Blunt Pondweed
Rare
Potamogeton pectinatus
Fennel Pondweed
Rare
Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l.
Floating Pondweed
Endangered
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
Jersey Cudweed
Secure
Pteridium esculentum
Austral Bracken
Secure
Pteris tremula
Tender Brake
Extinct
Pterostylis concinna
Trim Greenhood
Endangered
Pterostylis curta
Blunt Greenhood
Endangered
Pterostylis nutans
Nodding Greenhood
Vulnerable
Pterostylis parviflora s.l.
Tiny Greenhood
Extinct
Pterostylis pedoglossa
Prawn Greenhood
Endangered
Pterostylis pedunculata
Maroonhood
Endangered
Pterostylis X toveyana
Mentone Greenhood
Extinct
Scientific name
Common name
Status
Pultenaea dentata
Clustered Bush-pea
Endangered
Pultenaea scabra
Rough Bush-pea
Endangered
Pultenaea tenuifolia
Slender Bush-pea
Extinct
Pyrorchis nigricans
Red-beaks
Endangered
Ranunculus amphitrichus
Small River Buttercup
Endangered
Ranunculus glabrifolius
Shining Buttercup
Endangered
Ranunculus inundatus
River Buttercup
Endangered
Ranunculus lappaceus
Australian Buttercup
Endangered
Ranunculus papulentus
Large River Buttercup
Endangered
Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana
Seaberry Saltbush
Rare
Ricinocarpos pinifolius
Wedding Bush
Secure
Rubus parvifolius
Small-leaf Bramble
Endangered
Rumex bidens
Mud Dock
Endangered
Rumex brownii
Slender Dock
Vulnerable
Ruppia polycarpa
Many-fruit Tassel
Rare
Samolus repens
Creeping Brookweed
Endangered
Sarcocornia quinqueflora
Beaded Glasswort
Rare
Schizaea bifida s.s.
Forked Comb-fern
Extinct
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
River Club-sedge
Secure
Schoenus apogon
Common Bog-sedge
Secure
Schoenus brevifolius
Zig-zag Bog-sedge
Endangered
Schoenus latelaminatus
Medusa Bog-sedge
Endangered
Schoenus lepidosperma
Slender Bog-sedge
Endangered
Schoenus maschalinus
Leafy Bog-sedge
Endangered
Schoenus nitens
Shiny Bog-sedge
Endangered
Schoenus tesquorum
Soft Bog-sedge
Endangered
Selaginella uliginosa
Swamp Selaginella
Endangered
Selliera radicans
Shiny Swamp-mat
Rare
Senecio biserratus
Jagged Fireweed
Endangered
Senecio glomeratus
Annual Fireweed
Secure
Senecio hispidulus s.l.
Rough Fireweed
Secure
Senecio minimus
Shrubby Fireweed
Rare
Senecio quadridentatus
Cotton Fireweed
Rare
Senecio tenuiflorus s.l.
Slender Fireweed
Endangered
Solanum laciniatum
Large Kangaroo Apple
Secure
Solenogyne dominii
Smooth Solenogyne
Rare
Spergularia media s.l.
Coast Sand-spurrey
Poorly Known
Sphaerolobium vimineum s.l.
Leafless Globe-pea
Endangered
Spinifex sericeus
Hairy Spinifex
Rare
Stackhousia monogyna
Creamy Stackhousia
Endangered
Stackhousia viminea
Slender Stackhousia
Endangered
Stellaria pungens
Prickly Starwort
Endangered
Stylidium despectum
Small Triggerplant
Extinct
Stylidium graminifolium s.l.
Grass Triggerplant
Endangered
Stylidium inundatum
Hundreds and Thousands
Endangered
Suaeda australis
Austral Seablite
Rare
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Scientific name
Common name
Status
Tetragonia implexicoma
Bower Spinach
Secure
Thelionema caespitosum
Tufted Lily
Endangered
Thelymitra antennifera
Rabbit Ears
Extinct
Thelymitra carnea
Pink Sun-orchid
Extinct
Thelymitra flexuosa
Twisted Sun-orchid
Extinct
Thelymitra holmesii
Blue-star Sun-orchid
Endangered
Thelymitra ixioides s.l.
Spotted Sun-orchid
Endangered
Thelymitra pauciflora s.l.
Slender Sun-orchid
Rare
Thelymitra rubra
Salmon Sun-orchid
Extinct
Themeda triandra
Kangaroo Grass
Secure
Thesium australe
Austral Toad-flax
Extinct
Thysanotus patersonii
Twining Fringe-lily
Endangered
Thysanotus tuberosus
Common Fringe-lily
Endangered
Trachymene composita var. composita
Parsnip Trachymene
Secure
Tricoryne elatior
Yellow Rush-lily
Secure
Triglochin alcockiae
Southern Water-ribbons
Endangered
Triglochin procera s.l.
Water Ribbons
Rare
Triglochin striata
Streaked Arrowgrass
Secure
Typha domingensis
Narrow-leaf Cumbungi
Secure
Typha orientalis
Broad-leaf Cumbungi
Secure
Veronica calycina
Hairy Speedwell
Endangered
Veronica gracilis
Slender Speedwell
Rare
Veronica plebeia
Trailing Speedwell
Endangered
Villarsia exaltata
Erect Marsh-flower
Extinct
Villarsia reniformis
Running Marsh-flower
Vulnerable
Viminaria juncea
Golden Spray
Vulnerable
Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972)
Ivy-leaf Violet
Vulnerable
Viola sieberiana spp. agg.
Tiny Violet
Endangered
Wahlenbergia gracilenta s.l.
Annual Bluebell
Endangered
Wahlenbergia gracilis
Sprawling Bluebell
Endangered
Wahlenbergia multicaulis
Branching Bluebell
Endangered
Wilsonia rotundifolia
Round-leaf Wilsonia
Endangered
Wolffia australiana
Tiny Duckweed
Rare
Wurmbea dioica
Common Early Nancy
Endangered
Xanthorrhoea minor subsp. lutea
Small Grass-tree
Rare
Xanthosia dissecta s.l.
Cut-leaf Xanthosia
Endangered
Xyris gracilis
Slender Yellow-eye
Extinct
Appendix 4.
National and State significant
flora of the City of Kingston
Legend
V = Venerable E = Endangered R = Rare
L = Listed
EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999)
VROTS Victorian, Rare or Threatened Species
FFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)
Scientific name
Common name
EPBC
Amphibromus fluitans
River Swamp Wallaby-grass
V
VROTS
FFG
Status
Craspedia canens
Grey Billy-buttons
E
Endangered
Craspedia paludicola
Swamp Billy-buttons
V
Endangered
Endangered
Diuris punctata
Purple Diuris
V
Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis
(Lowland Swamps)
Pale Swamp Everlasting
V
L
Endangered
Endangered
Philydrum lanuginosum
Woolly Waterlily
V
Endangered
Pterostylis pedoglossa
Prawn Greenhood
V
Endangered
Lachnagrostis punicea subsp.
filifolia
Purple Blown-grass
R
L
Endangered
Thesium australe
Austral Toad-flax
V
L
Extinct
Pterostylis X toveyana
Mentone Greenhood
V
V
Extinct
Caladenia venusta
Large White Spider-orchid
R
Extinct
Corybas fimbriatus
Fringed Helmet-orchid
R
Extinct
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Appendix 5.
Fauna of the City of Kingston
50
Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Black Wallaby
Resident
Extinct
Chocolate Wattled Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Common Brushtail Possum
Resident
Secure
Common Ringtail Possum
Resident
Secure
Dingo
Resident
Extinct
Eastern Broad-nosed Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Eastern Grey Kangaroo
Resident
Vulnerable
Eastern Quoll
Resident
Extinct
Gould's Wattled Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Grey-headed Flying-Fox
Transient
Vulnerable
Large Forest Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Lesser Long-eared Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Little Forest Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Long-nosed Potoroo
Resident
Extinct
Pademelon
Resident
Extinct
Short-beaked Echidna
Resident
Critically Endangered
Southern Brown Bandicoot
Resident
Extinct
Southern Forest Bat
Resident
Data Deficient
Spot-tailed Quoll
Resident
Extinct
Sugar Glider
Resident
Critically Endangered
Water Rat
Resident
Data Deficient
White-striped Freetail Bat
Resident
Secure
Wombat
Resident
Extinct
Australasian Bittern
Resident
Critically Endangered
Australasian Grebe
Resident
Secure
Australasian Shoveler
Resident
Near Threatened
Australian Hobby
Resident
Secure
Australian Magpie
Resident
Secure
Australian Pelican
Resident
Secure
Australian Raven
Resident
Secure
Australian Shelduck
Resident
Secure
Australian Spotted Crake
Resident
Near Threatened
Australian White Ibis
Resident
Secure
Australian Wood Duck
Resident
Secure
Baillon's Crake
Resident
Vulnerable
Banded Lapwing
Resident
Critically Endangered
Banded Stilt
Transient
Data Deficient
Barn Owl
Resident
Vulnerable
Bar-tailed Godwit
Resident
Vulnerable
Bassian Thrush
Resident
Extinct
Beautiful Firetail
Resident
Extinct
Black Kite
Transient
Endangered
Black Swan
Resident
Secure
Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike
Resident
Secure
Mammals
Birds
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Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Black-fronted Dotterel
Resident
Secure
Black-shouldered Kite
Resident
Secure
Black-tailed Native-Hen
Resident
Data Deficient
Black-winged Stilt
Resident
Secure
Blue-billed Duck
Resident
Near Threatened
Blue-winged Parrot
Transient
Endangered
Brolga
Resident
Extinct
Brown Falcon
Resident
Secure
Brown Goshawk
Resident
Near Threatened
Brown Quail
Resident
Endangered
Brown Songlark
Transient
Endangered
Brown Thornbill
Resident
Secure
Brush Bronzewing
Resident
Critically Endangered
Buff-Banded Rail
Resident
Vulnerable
Bush Stone-Curlew
Resident
Extinct
Bustard
Transient
Extinct
Caspian Tern
Resident
Data Deficient
Cattle Egret
Transient
Vulnerable
Chestnut Teal
Resident
Secure
Clamorous Reed Warbler
Transient
Secure
Collared Sparrowhawk
Resident
Critically Endangered
Common Bronzewing
Resident
Vulnerable
Common Greenshank
Transient
Near Threatened
Common Sandpiper
Transient
Vulnerable
Common Tern
Transient
Vulnerable
Crested Pigeon
Resident
Secure
Crested Shrike-Tit
Resident
Endangered
Crested Tern
Resident
Secure
Crimson Rosella
Resident
Vulnerable
Curlew Sandpiper
Transient
Near Threatened
Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Darter
Resident
Vulnerable
Diamond Firetail
Resident
Extinct
Double-banded Plover
Transient
Vulnerable
Dusky Moorhen
Resident
Secure
Dusky Woodswallow
Transient
Near Threatened
Eastern Curlew
Transient
Near Threatened
Eastern Rosella
Resident
Secure
Eastern Spinebill
Resident
Near Threatened
Eastern Yellow Robin
Resident
Near Threatened
Emu
Resident
Extinct
Eurasian Coot
Resident
Secure
Fairy Martin
Transient
Near Threatened
Fan-tailed Cuckoo
Transient
Secure
Flame Robin
Transient
Secure
Freckled Duck
Transient
Endangered
Galah
Resident
Secure
Gang-Gang Cockatoo
Transient
Endangered
Glossy Black Cockatoo
Resident
Extinct
Glossy Ibis
Transient
Near Threatened
Golden Whistler
Transient
Vulnerable
Golden-Headed Cisticola
Resident
Secure
Great Cormorant
Resident
Secure
Great Crested Grebe
Resident
Endangered
Great Egret
Resident
Near Threatened
Grey Butcherbird
Resident
Secure
Grey Currawong
Resident
Endangered
Grey Fantail
Resident
Secure
Grey Goshawk
Resident
Critically Endangered
Grey Plover
Transient
Near Threatened
Grey Shrike-Thrush
Resident
Near Threatened
Grey Teal
Resident
Secure
Grey-crowned Babbler
Resident
Extinct
Ground Parrot
Resident
Extinct
Hardhead
Resident
Near Threatened
Hoary-headed Grebe
Resident
Secure
Hooded Robin
Resident
Extinct
Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo
Transient
Near Threatened
Intermediate Egret
Resident
Critically Endangered
Jacky Winter
Resident
Critically Endangered
King Quail
Resident
Extinct
Latham's Snipe
Transient
Near Threatened
Laughing Kookaburra
Resident
Vulnerable
Lewin's Rail
Resident
Endangered
Little Bittern
Transient
Endangered
Little Black Cormorant
Resident
Secure
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Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Little Corella
Resident
Vulnerable
Little Eagle
Transient
Vulnerable
Little Egret
Resident
Endangered
Little Grassbird
Resident
Secure
Little Lorikeet
Transient
Vulnerable
Little Pied Cormorant
Resident
Secure
Little Raven
Resident
Secure
Little Wattlebird
Resident
Secure
Long-billed Corella
Resident
Vulnerable
Long-toed Stint
Transient
Vulnerable
Magpie Goose
Resident
Critically Endangered
Magpie-Lark
Resident
Secure
Marsh Sandpiper
Transient
Near Threatened
Masked Lapwing
Resident
Secure
Masked Woodswallow
Transient
Extinct
Mistletoebird
Resident
Near Threatened
Musk Duck
Resident
Near Threatened
Musk Lorikeet
Resident
Secure
Nankeen Kestrel
Resident
Secure
Nankeen Night Heron
Resident
Near Threatened
New Holland Honeyeater
Resident
Near Threatened
Noisy Friarbird
Transient
Extinct
Noisy Miner
Resident
Secure
Olive-backed Oriole
Transient
Endangered
Orange-bellied Parrot
Transient
Critically Endangered
Pacific Black Duck
Resident
Secure
Pacific Golden Plover
Transient
Near Threatened
Pacific Gull
Resident
Secure
Painted Button-Quail
Resident
Critically Endangered
Pallid Cuckoo
Transient
Vulnerable
Pectoral Sandpiper
Transient
Near Threatened
Peregrine Falcon
Resident
Vulnerable
Pied Cormorant
Resident
Near Threatened
Pied Currawong
Transient
Data Deficient
Pink-eared Duck
Resident
Vulnerable
Plumed Whistling-Duck
Transient
Critically Endangered
Purple Swamphen
Resident
Secure
Purple-crowned Lorikeet
Transient
Vulnerable
Rainbow Lorikeet
Resident
Secure
Red Wattlebird
Resident
Secure
Red-browed Finch
Resident
Near Threatened
Red-capped Plover
Resident
Secure
Red-kneed Dotterel
Resident
Secure
Red-necked Avocet
Transient
Vulnerable
Red-necked Stint
Transient
Secure
Red-rumped Parrot
Resident
Secure
Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Regent Honeyeater
Transient
Extinct
Richard's Pipit
Resident
Secure
Rose Robin
Transient
Extinct
Royal Spoonbill
Resident
Near Threatened
Ruddy Turnstone
Transient
Endangered
Ruff
Transient
Vulnerable
Rufous Fantail
Transient
Data Deficient
Rufous Songlark
Resident
Extinct
Rufous Whistler
Transient
Vulnerable
Sacred Kingfisher
Transient
Vulnerable
Sanderling
Transient
Near Threatened
Satin Bowerbird
Resident
Extinct
Satin Flycatcher
Transient
Endangered
Scarlet Robin
Resident
Vulnerable
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Resident
Near Threatened
Shining Bronze-Cuckoo
Transient
Vulnerable
Silver Gull
Resident
Secure
Silvereye
Resident
Secure
Southern Boobook
Resident
Vulnerable
Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater
Resident
Vulnerable
Spotless Crake
Resident
Vulnerable
Spotted Pardalote
Resident
Secure
Straw-necked Ibis
Resident
Secure
Striated Fieldwren
Resident
Critically Endangered
Striated Pardalote
Resident
Secure
Striated Thornbill
Resident
Near Threatened
Stubble Quail
Resident
Near Threatened
Sulphur-crested Cockatoo
Resident
Secure
Superb Fairy-wren
Resident
Secure
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Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Swamp Harrier
Resident
Secure
Swift Parrot
Transient
Endangered
Tawny Frogmouth
Resident
Vulnerable
Terek Sandpiper
Transient
Endangered
Tree Martin
Transient
Near Threatened
Turquoise Parrot
Transient
Extinct
Varied Sittella
Resident
Critically Endangered
Wedge-bailed Eagle
Transient
Endangered
Welcome Swallow
Resident
Secure
Whimbrel
Transient
Vulnerable
Whiskered Tern
Transient
Near Threatened
Whistling Kite
Resident
Secure
White-bellied Sea-Eagle
Transient
Vulnerable
White-browed Scrubwren
Resident
Secure
White-browed Woodswallow
Resident
Extinct
White-eared Honeyeater
Resident
Endangered
White-faced Heron
Resident
Secure
White-fronted Chat
Resident
Near Threatened
White-naped Honeyeater
Resident
Vulnerable
White-Necked Heron
Resident
Near Threatened
White-plumed Honeyeater
Resident
Secure
White-throated Needletail
Transient
Secure
White-winged Black Tern
Transient
Near Threatened
White-winged Chough
Resident
Extinct
White-winged Triller
Resident
Critically Endangered
Willie Wagtail
Resident
Secure
Wood Sandpiper
Transient
Vulnerable
Yellow Thornbill
Resident
Vulnerable
Yellow-billed Spoonbill
Resident
Near Threatened
Common name
Residential status
Kingston status
Yellow-faced Honeyeater
Transient
Data Deficient
Yellow-rumped Thornbill
Resident
Near Threatened
Blotched blue-tongued Lizard
Resident
Vulnerable
Bougainville's Skink
Resident
Endangered
Common Blue-tongued Lizard
Resident
Endangered
Eastern Brown Snake
Resident
Critically Endangered
Eastern Three-lined Skink
Resident
Endangered
Garden Skink
Resident
Secure
Lace Monitor
Resident
Extinct
Lowland Copperhead
Resident
Vulnerable
Marbled Gecko
Resident
Data Deficient
Southern Grass Skink
Resident
Critically Endangered
Tiger Snake
Resident
Critically Endangered
Tree Dragon
Resident
Critically Endangered
Weasel Skink
Resident
Data Deficient
White-lipped Snake
Resident
Critically Endangered
Common Froglet
Resident
Secure
Growling Grass Frog
Resident
Critically Endangered
Southern Brown Tree Frog
Resident
Secure
Southern Bullfrog
Resident
Secure
Southern Toadlet
Resident
Critically Endangered
Spotted Marsh Frog
Resident
Secure
Striped Marsh Frog
Resident
Data Deficient
Whistling Tree Frog
Resident
Critically Endangered
Common Galaxias
Resident
Secure
Shortfin Eel
Resident
Secure
Reptiles
Frogs
Fish
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
57
Appendix 6.
National and State significant
fauna of the City of Kingston
Legend
EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999)
DSE Department of Sustainability and Environment
FFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)
AVW Atlas of Victorian Wildlife
V = Venerable E = Endangered R = Rare
L = Listed
RX Extinct
NT
Near Threatened
CR Critically Endangered
DD
Data Deficient
EN Endangered
Secure None of the above categories
VU Vulnerable
EPBC
DSE
FFG
Common name
Last AVW Record Residential
status
Kingston status
National significance:
Birds
EN
CR
L
Orange-bellied Parrot
1977
Transient
Critically
Endangered
EN
EN
L
Swift Parrot
1978
Transient
Endangered
1999
Resident
Critically
Endangered
Transient
Vulnerable
Frogs
VU
EN
L
Growling Grass Frog
State significance:
Mammals
VU
Grey-headed Flying-fox
Birds
EN
L
VU
2001
Resident
Critically
Endangered
Australasian Shoveler
2003
Resident
Near Threatened
VU
L
Baillon's Crake
2001
Resident
Vulnerable
EN
L
Blue-billed Duck
2001
Resident
Near Threatened
Brown Quail
2001
Resident
Endangered
Caspian Tern
1998
Resident
Data Deficient
VU
Common Sandpiper
1990
Transient
Vulnerable
NT
Eastern Curlew
1990
Transient
Near Threatened
Freckled Duck
2003
Transient
Endangered
Glossy Ibis
2001
Transient
Near Threatened
Great Egret
2003
Resident
Near Threatened
VU
Grey Goshawk
1990
Resident
Critically
Endangered
NT
Grey Plover
1977
Transient
Near Threatened
NT
NT
EN
L
L
NT
VU
58
Australasian Bittern
L
EPBC
DSE
FFG
Common name
Last AVW Record Residential
status
Hardhead
2003
Resident
Near Threatened
L
Intermediate Egret
2001
Resident
Critically
Endangered
Latham's Snipe
2003
Transient
Near Threatened
VU
CR
NT
Kingston status
VU
L
Lewin's Rail
1996
Resident
Endangered
EN
L
Little Bittern
1990
Transient
Endangered
EN
L
Little Egret
2000
Resident
Endangered
VU
Magpie Goose
2003
Resident
Critically
Endangered
VU
Musk Duck
2003
Resident
Near Threatened
NT
Nankeen Night Heron
2001
Resident
Near Threatened
NT
Pacific Golden Plover
1987
Transient
Near Threatened
NT
Pacific Gull
2001
Resident
Secure
NT
Pectoral Sandpiper
2000
Transient
Near Threatened
NT
Pied Cormorant
2001
Resident
Near Threatened
VU
Royal Spoonbill
2003
Resident
Near Threatened
NT
Sanderling
2001
Transient
Near Threatened
Terek Sandpiper
1977
Transient
Endangered
VU
Whimbrel
1977
Transient
Vulnerable
NT
Whiskered Tern
2002
Transient
Near Threatened
White-bellied Sea-Eagle
1995
Transient
Vulnerable
White-winged Black Tern
2000
Transient
Near Threatened
Wood Sandpiper
2001
Transient
Vulnerable
Southern Toadlet
1990
Resident
Critically
Endangered
Regent Honeyeater
1947
Transient
Extinct
1989
Resident
Extinct
EN
VU
L
L
NT
VU
Frogs
VU
EN
CR
L
EN
NT
Southern Brown
Bandicoot
CR
Bustard
Transient
Extinct
CR
King Quail
Resident
Extinct
EN
EN
Bush Stone-curlew
L
Grey-crowned Babbler
2002
Resident
Extinct
Resident
Extinct
EN
Ground Parrot
Resident
Extinct
EN
Long-nosed Potoroo
Resident
Extinct
EN
Spot-tailed Quoll
Resident
Extinct
RX
Eastern Quoll
Resident
Extinct
RX
Pademelon
Resident
Extinct
VU
Brolga
Resident
Extinct
Resident
Extinct
Resident
Extinct
Resident
Extinct
Resident
Extinct
VU
VU
L
Diamond Firetail
1990
Glossy Black Cockatoo
VU
Lace Monitor
VU
Tree Goanna
NT
Hooded Robin
Resident
Extinct
NT
Turquoise Parrot
Transient
Extinct
DD
Dingo
Resident
Extinct
1977
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
59
References
Scott R, Blake N, Campbell J, Evans D & Williams N 2002. Indigenous Plants of the Sandbelt:
A Gardening Guide for South-eastern Melbourne. Earthcare St Kilda, Melbourne.
Yugovic J 2006. Coastal vegetation of the City of Kingston. Report to the City of Kingston, Biosis Research Pty Ltd, Victoria.
National Agreements and Strategies
National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan, 2004-2007
Victorian Strategy and Policy
Victorian Vegetation Management Framework
Victorian Coastal Strategy, 2002
Victorian Local Stability Accord, August 2005
Victorian Local Stability Accord Summary, August 2005
Local Strategies and Plans
Braeside Metropolitan Park Master Plan Report
Kingston Foreshore Strategy
Kingston State of the Environment Report, 1996
Kingston Foreshore and Waterways Landscape Guidelines, July 2002
Kingston Street Tree Management Plan, 2000
Regional Strategies and Plans
Port Phillip and Western Port Regional Catchment Strategy Summary, 2004-2009
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
For a large print version of this strategy contact the City of Kingston Communications
Department on (03) 9581 4730.
60
Notes
CITY OF KINGSTON
| Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012
61
1230 Nepean Highway,
Cheltenham, VIC 3192
PO Box 1000, Mentone, VIC 3194
Telephone: 1300 653 356
Fax: 03 9581 4500
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kingston.vic.gov.au
Printed by waterless offset
on 100% recycled paper.