Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation Cornell Notes Chapter 15 MAIN IDEA NOTES Introduction Manifest Destiny ● “Obvious Faith” ● Term coined by John O’Sullivan ● He argued that American’s had a divine rt (Heavenly or godlike) right to claim lands beyond Rocky Mts. ● They expanded their territory through: ○ treaties ○ settlements ○ war Section 2 : The Louisiana Territory Territory a region of land, designated by congress and organized under a governor. ANNEXING NEW ORLEANS ● The U.S. wanted to claim New Orleans, Louisiana b/c it was a valuable port. Farmers would send their crops down the Mississippi and into New Orleans, Louisiana. ● This port gave them the opportunity to trade their goods w/Europe IN ORDER TO GET $$$$. ● T­R they took over land west of the APP. ^^^’S. ● LOUISIANA ●
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Stretched from Canada to Texas. From Mississippi west to Rocky Mts. Land was owned by France under Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon wanted to bring Fr. settlers to farm there to help feed slaves on sugar plantations. U.S. was alarmed b/c he would control the ports in New Orleans hence negatively impacting U.S. farmers who used that port to trade w/Europe. ● Louisiana Purchase ­ 1803 ● Napoleon decides to sell Louisiana b/c: ○ He loses a slave revolt in Haiti therefore he no longer needs farmers in Louisiana territory. ○ Also on brink of war w/Great Britain & he knew he would lose land if he lost war. ● Sells for $15 million to U.S. Why were the city of New Orleans and the Mississippi River important to farmers in the early 1800’s? What was Napoleon’s plan for Louisiana> Why were farmers alarmed by it? Section 3: Florida diplomacy New conquest ­ FL Why did white settlers want FL.? the art of conducting negotiations w/other countries. ● In 1500’s Spain had colonized FL. ● 1804 Jefferson tries to buy FL., but Spain says NO! ● Georgia farmers wanted FL. b/c many slaves would escape their and join the Seminole indians. ● Seminole Indians would also raid their lands. Andrew Jackson invades FL. ● Against President Jefferson’s orders Andrew Jackson attacked FL. with 1,700 soldiers and is able to capture many posts and arrest Spanish soldiers. ● U.S. threatens Spain to either govern FL. or leave FL. Adams­ Onis Treaty of 1819 ● Spanish govt. agreed to GIVE Fl. to U.S. in exchange the U.S. AGREED TO PAY OFF $5 MILLION ● Wanted Texas too, but they allowed for Spain to control it. What did President Monroe order Andrew Jackson to do in 1818? What did Jackson do instead? Section 4: Texas What value do Americans see in TX? ● good for growing cotton ­ a very valuable resource (South’s most valuable cash crop) ● Who was Moses Austin? ●
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Came to Texas in 1821 and was granted a piece of land by Spanish officials. He was a business owner and banker Stephen his son took over after his death. At the same time Mexico had gained its independence from Spain and making TX Mexico’s territory. ● Mexican officials allow for Stephen Austin to remain in TX w/the dondition that he only attract hardworking settlers who were catholic and had the intention of becoming Mexican citizens. Tensions begin to rise between Tejanos & Americans ● Tejanos population of 4,000 vs. 25,000 Americans ● American complaints: ○ disliked taking orders from Mexican govt. ○ Mexico outlaws slavery in 1829 ­ Americans were not happy w/this decision. ○ Resisted learning the Spanish language. ● Tejano complaints: ○ new immigrants had a lack of respect towards tejanos ○ Disliked that American settlers had no intention of becoming Mexican citizens. ● Mexico responded by putting a stop to any further U.S. migration. ● The Texans Rebel ● In 1833 Austin tried to strike a deal w/President Sanat Anna of Mexico (Who ruled more like a dictator). Santa Anna threw him in jail and released him in 1835. ● Soon after Texans were ready to revolt. The Alamo ­ ● In 1836 Santa Anna attacked Alamo in San Antonio, Texas. ● Anna wins and kills everyone. ● Texans were enraged Texas wins its Independence ● With the guidance of Sam Houston ​
the 1836 rebellion of Texans against Mexican rule that resulted in Texas becoming an independent nation] ​
had been won, but Mexico did not fully accept the loss of its territory. ● To Annex Texas or Not? ● Republic of Texas was now independent and was nicknamed the LONE STAR REPUBLIC. ● H/R most Texans were Americans who wanted Texas to become part of the U.S. ● Remained independent for 10 years. annex ~~~> to add territory tp a country. Annexation. ● President Polk and Congress were in support of annexing Texas ­ in 1845 TEXAS was 28TH STATE = TX admitted as the 28th state.