Name _______________________________
The Respiratory SYSTEM
UNIT 14
CTY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
2014
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Unit 14 – The Respiratory System
You will need to:
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Explain the functions of the
respiratory system.
Explain the difference between
internal and external respiration.
Describe how the larynx
produces voice sounds.
List the structures contained
within the lungs.
Describe the coverings of the
lungs and chest cavity.
Describe the events that lead to
the inspiration and expiration of
air.
Explain how the brain controls
breathing and how normal
breathing patterns can be
disrupted.
List and explain various
respiratory volumes and tell how
they are used to diagnose
respiratory problems.
Describe how oxygen is
transported from the lungs to
body cells.
Describe the signs, symptoms,
causes, and treatments of
various respiratory disorders
and diseases.
Vocabulary
Nasal Cavities
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Pleurae
Surfactant
Inspiration
Expiration
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Function of Respiratory System
The major function of the respiratory system: _______________ of _____________ to the
bloodstream and __________________ out of the bloodstream.
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Breathing involves
Inspiration / inhalation
Expiration / Exhalation
Organs of the respiratory system:
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Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs
Diaphragm
Epiglottis
Uvula (soft palate)
Organ
Function/Characteristics
Nasal Cavity
Nose
Pharynx
Uvula (soft palate)
Larynx
Vocal Cords Trachea
Lungs
Cilia 3
Paranasal Sinuses: ________________________ within the
skull bones
Function:
The Nasal Cavity
Nasal septum:
Nasal conchae:
Mucus membrane:
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Pharynx
Most superior portion:
Middle portion:
Most inferior portion:
Larynx
Composed of three cartilages:
1.
2.
3.
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Vocal Cords
 Pitch: is the tone high or low?
 Intensity: is the tone loud or soft?
The physical properties of vocal cords are very similar to those of guitar strings!
Based on your current knowledge, predict the following effects:
Increasing thickness of vocal cord
Pitch:
Intensity:
Increasing tightness of vocal cord
Pitch:
Intensity:
Increasing speed of air (comparable to plucking a guitar string harder)
Pitch:
Intensity:
Why does it take more effort to sing loudly than to sing softly?
Why do adults have lower voices than children?
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Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
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Please use the word bank to fill in the following flow chart:
Bronchioles
O2 to blood
Bronchi
Pharynx
Nasal cavies
Trachea
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Larynx
Alveoli
Mechanism of Breathing
Inspiration
Expiration
Breathing or pulmonary ventilation, consist of inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).
________________________ controls the rhythm and depth of breathing and ____________controls
the rate of breathing.
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Respiratory Volumes
Amount of air in and out of
lungs during normal breathing
Tidal volume
Amount of air that can be
inhaled by force after a normal
inhalation (“tidal inhalation”)
Respiratory Reserve Volume
Amount of air that can be
exhaled by force after a normal
exhalation (“tidal exhalation”)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Residual Volume
Amount of air that is always in
the lungs; it cannot be exhaled
Vital Capacity
Amount of air that can be
exhaled by force after inhaling
as deep as possible
Total Lung Capacity
Total amount of air lungs can
hold = residual volume + vital
capacity
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Tidal volume
Inspiratory Reserve volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Residual Volume
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Vital Capacity
Total Lung Volume
Respiratory Conditions
Causes
Symptoms
Asthma
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Laryngitis
Lung Cancer
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Edema
Sinusitis
Tuberculosis
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Treatments