Griffith Research Online
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au
Designing a Mobile Video Game to help
Young Deaf Children Learn Auslan
Author
Korte, Jessica, Potter, Leigh-Ellen, Nielsen, Sue
Published
2012
Conference Title
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People
and Computers
Copyright Statement
Copyright [year] BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance
with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the
definitive, published version.
Downloaded from
http://hdl.handle.net/10072/47966
Link to published version
http://hci2012.bcs.org/conference.html
'HVLJQLQJD0RELOH9LGHR*DPHWR+HOS
<RXQJ 'HDI &KLOGUHQ/HDUQ $XVODQ
-HVVLFD.RUWH
6FKRRORI,&7
*ULIILWK8QLYHUVLW\
.HVVHOV5G1DWKDQ4
$XVWUDOLD
MNRUWH#JULIILWKHGXDX
/HLJK(OOHQ3RWWHU
6FKRRORI,&7
*ULIILWK8QLYHUVLW\
.HVVHOV5G1DWKDQ4
$XVWUDOLD
OSRWWHU#JULIILWKHGXDX
6XH1LHOVHQ
6FKRRORI,&7
*ULIILWK8QLYHUVLW\
.HVVHOV5G1DWKDQ4
$XVWUDOLD
VQLHOVHQ#JULIILWKHGXDX
+HDULQJLPSDLUHG FKLOGUHQ RI KHDULQJ SDUHQWV IDFH FKDOOHQJHV LQ OHDUQLQJ VLJQ ODQJXDJHV GXH LQ
SDUW WR D ODFN RI ODQJXDJH LPPHUVLRQ 7KHVH GLIILFXOWLHV DUH FRPSRXQGHG E\ WKH ODFN RI OHDUQLQJ
UHVRXUFHVDYDLODEOHWRWKHVHFKLOGUHQ7HFKQRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHVLQSDUWLFXODUKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWR
DLG'HDIFKLOGUHQOHDUQLQJVLJQODQJXDJHV7KHLQFUHDVLQJ XELTXLW\RIPRELOHGHYLFHVVXFKDVVPDUW
SKRQHVDQGWDEOHWVSUHVHQWVDQRSSRUWXQLW\IRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVXFKUHVRXUFHVZKLFKFRXOGEH
PDGH DYDLODEOH WR D ZLGH DXGLHQFH ZKLOH DOVR HQDEOLQJ GHYHORSHUV WR XWLOLVH PRELOHVSHFLILF
IHDWXUHV VXFK DV FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV 7KH 6HHN DQG 6LJQ SURMHFW DLPV WR FUHDWH PRELOHGHOLYHUHG
WHFKQRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHVWRDLG'HDIFKLOGUHQOHDUQLQJ$XVWUDOLDQ6LJQ/DQJXDJH$XVODQVXFKDV
WKH 6LJQ 0\ :RUOG DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KLV SDSHU ZLOO GLVFXVV HDUO\ ZRUN LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKLV
DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLWK D IRFXV RQ WKH SRWHQWLDO XVHV RI YLGHR JDPH SULQFLSOHV FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV DQG
V\VWHPSHUVRQDOLVDWLRQLQSURPRWLQJOHDUQLQJDQGFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIKRZWKH\PD\EHLPSOHPHQWHG
LQ6LJQ0\:RUOG:HZLOOSUHVHQWDQLQWHUIDFHSURWRW\SHDVZHOODVDEULHIO\RXWOLQLQJDVHULHVRI
UHTXLUHPHQWVHOLFLWDWLRQVHVVLRQVXQGHUWDNHQWRGLVFRYHUDGLUHFWLRQIRUIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQWVRIWKH
DSSOLFDWLRQ
3DUWLFLSDWLYH GHVLJQ &KLOG &RPSXWHU ,QWHUDFWLRQ 'HDI &KLOGUHQ &RQWH[W $ZDUHQHVV 3HUVRQDOLVDWLRQ
H/HDUQLQJ*DPH
,1752'8&7,21
JDPHV ZKLFK OHQG WKHPVHOYHV WR OHDUQLQJ
SDUWLFXODUO\ ZKHQ GHDOLQJ ZLWK VLJQ ODQJXDJHV
'LVSOD\LQJ VLJQV WKURXJK YLGHRV DQG DQLPDWLRQV
SURYLGHV GHWDLOV WKDW ERRNV DQG SRVWHUV VLPSO\
FDQQRWPDWFK ZLWKVWDWLFLPDJHV
$ VLJQLILFDQW PDMRULW\ RI KHDULQJLPSDLUHG FKLOGUHQ
DUH ERUQ WR KHDULQJ SDUHQWV DQG WKHVH FKLOGUHQ
IUHTXHQWO\ IDFH D GLVDGYDQWDJH ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR
OHDUQLQJ VLJQ ODQJXDJH 8QOLNH KHDULQJ FKLOGUHQ RU
WKH FKLOGUHQ RI 'HDI SDUHQWV ZKR DUH DOUHDG\ DEOH
WR VLJQ WKHVH FKLOGUHQ DUH QRW LPPHUVHG LQ
ODQJXDJH GXULQJ WKHLU HDUO\ OLIH 'HOD\HG H[SRVXUH
WRILUVWODQJXDJHKDVEHHQVKRZQWRFDXVHOLIHORQJ
GLIILFXOWLHV LQ FRPSUHKHQVLRQ DQG IOXHQF\ .\OH
0D\EHUU\(LFKHQ
7KH JRDO RI WKH 6HHN DQG 6LJQ UHVHDUFK SURMHFW LV
WR FUHDWH WHFKQRORJLFDO UHVRXUFHV WR DLG WKHVH
FKLOGUHQ LQ WKH DFTXLVLWLRQ RI $XVWUDOLDQ 6LJQ
/DQJXDJH $XVODQ VXFK DV WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI
WKH 6LJQ 0\ :RUOG SURRI RI FRQFHSW GHVFULEHG LQ
WKLVSDSHU $VSDUWRIWKLVSURMHFW WKH FDSDELOLWLHV RI
PRELOH WHFKQRORJLHV H/HDUQLQJ DQG YLGHR JDPH
SULQFLSOHV DUHEHLQJH[SORUHGIRUWKHLUVXLWDELOLW\IRU
LQFOXVLRQ ZLWKLQ DQLQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\ UHVRXUFH
WRHQKDQFHOHDUQLQJ
$FKLHYLQJ WKH VROXWLRQ ± HDUO\ LPPHUVLRQ LQ VLJQ
ODQJXDJH ± FDQEHGLIILFXOWIRUKHDULQJSDUHQWVZKR
DUH XQIDPLOLDU ZLWK VLJQ ODQJXDJHV &XUUHQW
WHFKQLTXHV LQFOXGH H[WHQVLYH H[SHQVLYH WHDFKLQJ
VHVVLRQV IRU WKH IDPLO\ ZLWK D IOXHQW VLJQHU ZLWK
SDUHQWVDEOHWRRIIHUWKHLUKHDULQJLPSDLUHG FKLOGUHQ
PLQLPDO DVVLVWDQFH DV WKH\ OHDUQ WKH ODQJXDJH
DORQJVLGHWKHLUFKLOG
7KLV SDSHU EULHIO\ RXWOLQHV UHFHQW DWWHPSWV DW
FUHDWLQJ WHFKQRORJLFDO VLJQ ODQJXDJH OHDUQLQJ
UHVRXUFHV IRU \RXQJ FKLOGUHQ 7KUHH LPSRUWDQW
FRQFHSWV IRU WKLV UHVRXUFH DUH H[SORUHG FRQWH[W
DZDUHQHVV SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ DQG YLGHR JDPH
SULQFLSOHV)ROORZLQJWKLVDQLQLWLDO SURRIRIFRQFHSW
LV GHVFULEHG DORQJ ZLWK WKH DVSHFWV RI FRQWH[W
DZDUHQHVV SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ DQG YLGHR JDPH
SULQFLSOHV ZKLFK DUH EHLQJ H[DPLQHG IRUIHDVLELOLW\
7HFKQRORJLFDO UHVRXUFHV KDYH WKH SRWHQWLDO WR EH
LQYDOXDEOH WR WKHVH FKLOGUHQ DQG WKHLU IDPLOLHV LQ
OHDUQLQJ VLJQ ODQJXDJHV 7KHUH DUH QXPHURXV
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPXOWLPHGLDDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGYLGHR
© The Authors. Published by BISL.
Proceedings of the BCS HCI 2012
People & Computers XXVI, Birmingham, UK
345
Work In Progress
'HVLJQLQJD0RELOH9LGHR*DPHWR+HOS <RXQJ 'HDI&KLOGUHQ /HDUQ$XVODQ
-HVVLFD.RUWH Ɣ /HLJK(OOHQ3RWWHU Ɣ 6XH1LHOVHQ
1H[W WKHUH IROORZV D GLVFXVVLRQ RI D VHULHV RI
SURWRW\SH UHYLHZ VHVVLRQV ZKLFK ZHUH XQGHUWDNHQ
WR HOLFLW XVHU UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH
SURWRW\SH )LQDOO\ WKH IXWXUH ZRUN DQG WKH
LPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKLVUHVHDUFKDUHH[SORUHG
.(< &21&(376)257+(6,*10<:25/'
$33/,&$7,21
7KH6HHNDQG6LJQUHVHDUFKSURMHFWDLPVWRFUHDWH
D JDPHEDVHG H/HDUQLQJ UHVRXUFH FDOOHG 6LJQ 0\
:RUOG XVLQJ D XVHU FHQWUHG GHVLJQ DSSURDFK IRU
GHOLYHU\ RQ D PRELOH GHYLFH ZKLFK ZLOO DVVLVW
SUHOLWHUDWH 'HDI FKLOGUHQ LQ OHDUQLQJ $XVODQ E\
DOORZLQJ WKHP WR EHFRPH IDPLOLDU ZLWK WKH
DSSHDUDQFHRIFRPPRQQRXQDQGYHUEVLJQV
7KHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ µ'HDI¶DQGµGHDI¶
7KHUH LV D FRQYHQWLRQ RI FDSLWDOLVDWLRQ ZKHQ
GLVFXVVLRQGHDIDQGKHDULQJLPSDLUHGLQGLYLGXDOV$
SHUVRQ LV µGHDI¶ LI WKH\ KDYH D VHYHUH KHDULQJ
LPSDLUPHQW ,Q WKLV SDSHU µGHDI¶ PD\ EH XVHG
V\QRQ\PRXVO\ ZLWK µKHDULQJ LPSDLUHG¶ $ µ'HDI¶
SHUVRQLVDPHPEHURI$XVWUDOLD¶V'HDIFRPPXQLW\
ZKRYDOXHVDQGXVHV$XVODQ7KH'HDIFRPPXQLW\
OLNH YDULRXV HWKQLF FRPPXQLWLHV KDV LWV RZQ
ODQJXDJH$XVODQDQGFXOWXUHZKLFKVWLOOEHORQJLQJ
WRWKHZLGHU$XVWUDOLDQFRPPXQLW\
.H\FRQFHSWVRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQLQFOXGH
•
•
•
5(/$7(':25.
+RZ WKH FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV DVSHFW RI
PRELOHFRPSXWLQJFDQEHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWR
WKHSURGXFWWRHQKDQFH OHDUQLQJ
+RZSHUVRQDOLVDWLRQFDQHQKDQFHOHDUQLQJ
+RZ D YLGHR JDPHVW\OH LQWHUIDFH FDQ EH
XVHGWRHQJDJH OHDUQHUV
$V PRELOH FRPSXWLQJ EHFRPHV PRUH XELTXLWRXV
FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV LV DQ LQFUHDVLQJO\ LPSRUWDQW
DUHD RI FRQVLGHUDWLRQ ,W DOORZV DSSOLFDWLRQV WR
LQFUHDVH WKHLU UHOHYDQFH WR XVHUV E\ PRGLI\LQJ
IXQFWLRQDOLW\ DSSHDUDQFH RU FRQWHQW EDVHG RQ WKH
XVHU¶V FRQWH[W &RQWH[W FDQ EH GHVFULEHG DV WKH
DVSHFWVRIWKH VLWXDWLRQWKHXVHUDQGDSSOLFDWLRQDUH
RSHUDWLQJ LQ ZKLFK KDYH DQ LPSDFW RQ WKH
SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH XVHU RU DSSOLFDWLRQ VSHFLILFDOO\
UHJDUGLQJ TXHVWLRQVRI ZKR ZKHUH ZKHQ DQG ZKDW
$GRPDYLFLXV7X]KLOLQ%DOGDXI'XVWGDU
5RVHQEHUJ %ROFKLQL HW DO &KHQ .RW] 'H\ $ERZG +H[HO HW DO
&RQWH[W DZDUHQHVV IXQFWLRQDOLW\ KDV WKH
SRWHQWLDO WR H[SDQG WKH VFRSH DQG FDSDELOLWLHV IRU
WKH6LJQ0\:RUOGDSSOLFDWLRQ
9HU\OLWWOHZRUNKDVEHHQXQGHUWDNHQWRH[SORUHWKH
XVHRIWHFKQRORJ\WRVXSSRUWOHDUQLQJUHVRXUFHVIRU
WHDFKLQJ $XVODQ (OOLV KDV XQGHUWDNHQ ZRUN WR
VXSSRUW \RXQJ 'HDI FKLOGUHQ (OOLV DQG KDV
UHFHQWO\ FRPSOHWHG D VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW WR
WHDFK $XVODQ WR KHDULQJ SHRSOH (OOLV 5D\ +RZDUG KRZHYHU OLWWOH HOVH H[LVWV LQ
$XVWUDOLD 3UHOLPLQDU\ LQWHUYLHZV FRQGXFWHG IRU WKLV
SURMHFW VXJJHVW WKDW PRVW RI WKH DYDLODEOH $XVODQ
WHFKQRORJ\EDVHGUHVRXUFHVDUHGHVLJQHGWRWHDFK
KHDULQJ DQGRU OLWHUDWH OHDUQHUV VXFK DV WKH 5R\DO
,QVWLWXWH IRU 'HDI DQG %OLQG &KLOGUHQ $XVODQ 7XWRU
7KRVHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHGHVLJQHGIRUSUHOLWHUDWH
'HDI FKLOGUHQ KDYH EHHQ FUHDWHG LQ VFKRROV RQ DQ
DGKRFEDVLVDQGUHTXLUHWKHJXLGDQFHRIDQDGXOW
RUDIOXHQWVLJQHU
,QGLYLGXDOV OHDUQPRUHHDVLO\ZKHQLQIRUPDWLRQDQG
WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK LW LV SUHVHQWHG LV VXLWHG WR WKHLU
SULRUOHDUQLQJSUHIHUHQFHVDQGKDELWV +H[HO HWDO
.D\ 3HUVRQDOLVDWLRQ LQ WKLV FRQWH[W
UHIHUV WR WKH DELOLW\ RI D VRIWZDUH DSSOLFDWLRQ WR
FXVWRPLVHWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGIHDWXUHVSURYLGHGWR
DQ LQGLYLGXDO 7KH IHDWXUHV RIIHUHG WKURXJK
SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ RI FRQWHQW PD\ HQKDQFH WKH
OHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFHIRUFKLOGUHQXVLQJWKH6LJQ0\
:RUOGDSSOLFDWLRQ
$ VXUYH\ RI UHVRXUFHV IRU YHU\ \RXQJ FKLOGUHQ
OHDUQLQJ VLJQ ODQJXDJHV IRXQG WKDW WKH
GHYHORSPHQW RI UHVRXUFHV IRU $PHULFDQ 6LJQ
/DQJXDJH $6/ LV IDU PRUH SUROLILF WKDQ WKRVH IRU
$XVODQ IRU H[DPSOH UHVHDUFKHUV DW WKH *HRUJLD
,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ KDYH GHYHORSHG &RS\&DW
+HQGHUVRQ HWDOWKHL6LJQ%HDU +XDQJ HW
DO DQG 3OD\:DUH <DURVK HW DO +RZHYHU WUDQVODWLQJ VXFK UHVRXUFHV LQWR $XVODQ
ZRXOGEHH[SHQVLYHDQGWLPHFRQVXPLQJ7KHEHVW
FDVH VFHQDULR UHTXLUHV UHSODFHPHQW RI DOO $6/
YLGHRVZLWKWKHLU$XVODQFRXQWHUSDUWV )XUWKHUPRUH
VRIWZDUHZKLFKUHVSRQGVWRVLJQHGXVHULQSXWVXFK
DV &RS\&DW ZRXOG UHTXLUH UHSURJUDPPLQJ RI WKH
VLJQ UHFRJQLWLRQ IXQFWLRQDOLW\ $XVODQ KDV VRPH
VLPLOLDULWLHV WR %ULWLVK 6LJQ /DQJXDJH %6/ EXW LV
VLJQLILFDQWO\GLIIHUHQWIURP$6/DQGPDQ\RWKHUVLJQ
ODQJXDJHV :KHQ WKHVH GLIILFXOWLHV DUH FRQVLGHUHG
LWEHFRPHVFOHDUWKDW D QHHGH[LVWV IRUWKHFUHDWLRQ
RI$XVODQVSHFLILFUHVRXUFHV
0DQ\UHVHDUFKHUVKDYHUHFRJQLVHGWKHSRWHQWLDOIRU
YLGHR JDPHVWRFRQWULEXWH WROHDUQLQJ$QHIIHFWLYH
YLGHRJDPHRIIHUVSOD\HUVDQLPPHUVLYHLQWHUDFWLYH
H[SHULHQFHZKLFKHQWHUWDLQVDQGUHZDUGVSURJUHVV
ZKLOH DOORZLQJ WKH SOD\HU WR VHW WKHLU RZQ SDFH LQ
ZRUNLQJWRZDUGFOHDUO\GHILQHGJRDOV %DUDE HWDO
%RXUJRQMRQ HW DO *HH ,Q DQ
HGXFDWLRQDO JDPH WKLV WUDQVODWHV WR OHDUQHUV ZKR
DUH VHOIPRWLYDWHG WR FRQWLQXH SOD\LQJ XQWLO WKH\
KDYH FRPSOHWHG WKH JDPH WKXV DFTXLULQJ DQG
GHPRQVWUDWLQJ LPSRUWDQW VNLOOV DQG NQRZOHGJH
([SRVXUH WR YLGHR JDPHV KDV EHHQ VKRZQ WR
HQKDQFH SK\VLFDO DELOLWLHV LQFOXGLQJ YLVXDO DFXLW\
346
'HVLJQLQJD0RELOH9LGHR*DPHWR+HOS <RXQJ 'HDI&KLOGUHQ /HDUQ$XVODQ
-HVVLFD.RUWH Ɣ /HLJK(OOHQ3RWWHU Ɣ 6XH1LHOVHQ
PRWRU FRRUGLQDWLRQ DQG VSDWLDO DZDUHQHVV ± DOO
LPSRUWDQW VNLOOV ZKHQ FRPPXQLFDWLQJ LQ D JHVWXUDO
ODQJXDJH ± DQGPHQWDODELOLWLHVVXFKDVQXPHULFDO
FRQFHSWV UHDGLQJ FRPSUHKHQVLRQ GHHS OHDUQLQJ
DQGFUHDWLYHWKLQNLQJ GH$JXLOHUD0HQGL]
7KHLQFOXVLRQRIYLGHRJDPHDVSHFWVLQWKH6LJQ0\
:RUOG DSSOLFDWLRQ PD\ EH XVHIXO LQ KDUQHVVLQJ
WKHVHEHQHILWV
WKLV ZDV GHWHUPLQHG WR EH DSSHDOLQJ WR \RXQJ
FKLOGUHQ /LJKW'UDJHU1HPVHU ,W EHJDQ
DV DVLQJOHVDPSOHDUHD ± DEHGURRP ± FRQWDLQLQJ
D QXPEHU RI LQWHUDFWLYH REMHFWV :KHQ DQ
LQWHUDFWLYHREMHFWLVFOLFNHG DQLPDJHDQGZRUGDUH
GLVSOD\HGDVRQ DIODVKFDUG IROORZHG E\WKHYLGHR
RI WKH $XVODQ VLJQ IRU WKDW REMHFW 7KLV LV LQWHQGHG
WRDOORZWKHFKLOGWRPDNHDVVRFLDWLRQV EHWZHHQWKH
REMHFWDQGWKHVLJQ
7+(3522)2)&21&(37
7KH SRVLWLRQ RI D VLJQ FDQ EH LPSRUWDQW WR LWV
PHDQLQJ LQ $XVODQ'XHWRWKLVWKH YLGHRGLVSOD\V
DW OHDVW WKH VLJQHU¶V XSSHU ERG\ DQG KHDG DV
VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ,Q VRPH FDVHV LW ZLOO EH
QHFHVVDU\ WR GLVSOD\ PRUH RI WKH VLJQHU¶V ERG\ RU
WR GLVSOD\ LW IURP D GLIIHUHQW DQJOH WR VKRZ WKH
FRUUHFW SRVLWLRQ DQG WKRVH YLGHRV ZLOO EH IUDPHG
DSSURSULDWHO\ +RZHYHU YLGHRV ZKLFK DOORZ WKH
VLJQHU¶VIDFHWREHFOHDUO\YLVLEOHDUHSUHIHUUHG7KLV
LV LPSRUWDQW DV WKH VLJQHU ZLOO VSHDN WKH VLJQ¶V
(QJOLVKZRUGDVWKH\VLJQLW7KLVSURYLGHVDQRWKHU
PHWKRGIRUDFKLOGZLWKVRPHKHDULQJRUOLSUHDGLQJ
DELOLW\ WRIRUPDQDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQ WKHVLJQDQG
WKH (QJOLVK ZRUG ,W LV ODUJHO\ IRU WKLV UHDVRQ WKDW
YLGHRV ZHUH FKRVHQ RYHU DQLPDWHG FKDUDFWHUV ,W
FRXOG EH ERWK GLIILFXOW WR SURJUDP WKH ILQH GHWDLO RI
UHDOLVWLF ILQJHU PRYHPHQWV IDFLDO H[SUHVVLRQ DQG
PRXWKVKDSHRQDQDQLPDWHGFKDUDFWHU$QDWWHPSW
WR GR VR FRXOG HYHQ LQYRNH WKH XQFDQQ\ YDOOH\
HIIHFW 0RUL ,QLWLDOO\ D QXPEHU RI $XVODQ
YLGHRV LQFOXGHG ILQJHUVSHOOLQJ WKH VSHOOLQJ RI DQ
(QJOLVK ZRUG XVLQJ $XVODQ OHWWHU VLJQV ZKLFK
IXUWKHU LQFUHDVHG WKH GLIILFXOW\ RI FUHDWLQJ UHDOLVWLF
DQLPDWLRQV ERWK LQ WKH GLVSOD\ RI VLJQV DQG WKH
WUDQVLWLRQV EHWZHHQWKHP
$ SURRI RI FRQFHSW ZDV GHVLJQHG WR WHVW WKH
IHDVLELOLW\ RI LQFRUSRUDWLQJ FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV
SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ DQG YLGHR JDPH SULQFLSOHV LQ D
OHDUQLQJ WRRO $ ZRUNLQJ SURRI RI FRQFHSW ZDV
FUHDWHG DV RSSRVHG WR D SDSHUEDVHG SURWRW\SH
DV WKLV SURYLGHG WKH JUHDWHVW RSSRUWXQLW\ WR
H[DPLQH WKH DFWXDO HIIHFWV RI WKH FRQFHSWV
$VSHFWV RI DOO WKUHH FRQFHSWV ZHUH LQFRUSRUDWHG
LQWRDVLQJOH SURRIRIFRQFHSW LQRUGHUWR WHVWIRUDQ\
FRQIOLFWV KRZHYHU WKLV VWXG\ ZDV QRW LQWHQGHG WR
H[DPLQH WKH LQWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ LQVWDQFHV RI WKH
FRQFHSWV DQG IXUWKHU ZRUN ZRXOG EH UHTXLUHG WR
H[DPLQHWKLV
$OWKRXJK WKH ILQDO SURGXFW LV LQWHQGHG IRU PRELOH
GHYLFHV VXFK DV SKRQHV DQG WDEOHWV WKH SURRI RI
FRQFHSW ZDV GHYHORSHG RQ D ODSWRS GHYLFH 7KLV
FKRLFH ZDV PDGH LQ RUGHU WR DOORZ HDVLHU
PDQLSXODWLRQ RI WKH GHVLJQ HOHPHQWV GXULQJ
GHYHORSPHQW DQG WR IDFLOLWDWH D VLPSOHU LQWHUDFWLRQ
EHWZHHQ \RXQJ 'HDI FKLOGUHQ DQGWKHGHYHORSPHQW
WHDP GXULQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV HOLFLWDWLRQ VHVVLRQV
2EVHUYDWLRQV DQG XVHU FRPPHQWV GXULQJ WKHVH
VHVVLRQV ZHUH XVHG WR JXLGH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH
SURWRW\SH
Figure 2: 7KHIODVKFDUGLPDJHDQGZRUGUHPDLQYLVLEOH
DVWKHVLJQYLGHRSOD\VWKRXJKWKHLPDJH
VVL]HLV
UHGXFHG
Figure 1 7KHSURRIRIFRQFHSWLQWHUIDFHEHJDQDVD
EHGURRPDUHDZKLFKXVHUVFDQH[SORUHWRUHYHDO$XVODQ
VLJQV7KHSDUHQWDOFRQWUROSDQHOWRSULJKWFRUQHU
FRQVLVWVRIGXPP\EXWWRQVSURJUHVVUHSRUWVHDUFK
VHWWLQJVIRUIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQW7KHXVHU¶VFRQWUROSDQHO
ERWWRPULJKWFRUQHUKDVDWXWRULDOEXWWRQDQGDGXPP\
WHVWLQJEXWWRQ
6RPH LWHPVLQWKHSURRIRIFRQFHSW KDGDVHFRQG
PRUH GLIILFXOW µOHYHO¶ RI VLJQV DYDLODEOH WR WKHP ± LQ
WKLVFDVHYHUEVIRUH[DPSOH ³RSHQ GRRU´ ± ZKLFK
FRXOGEHXQORFNHGWRNHHSWKHFKLOG¶VLQWHUHVWDIWHU
WKH\KDYHOHDUQWWKHµHDVLHU¶ZRUGV
7KH SURRI RI FRQFHSW LQWHUIDFH KDV D ' FDUWRRQ
OLNHVW\OHDQGEULJKWFRORXUVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHDV
7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH SURRI RI FRQFHSW RQ D
ODSWRS UDWKHU WKDQ D SKRQH RU WDEOHWVW\OH PRELOH
347
'HVLJQLQJD0RELOH9LGHR*DPHWR+HOS <RXQJ 'HDI&KLOGUHQ /HDUQ$XVODQ
-HVVLFD.RUWH Ɣ /HLJK(OOHQ3RWWHU Ɣ 6XH1LHOVHQ
GHYLFH LPSDLUHG WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH FRQWH[W
DZDUH IHDWXUHV $ VLPSOH H[DPSOH ZDV
LPSOHPHQWHG WR WHVW IHDVLELOLW\ RI LQFRUSRUDWLQJ
FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV LQWR WKH 6LJQ 0\ :RUOG
DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KHSURRIRIFRQFHSW XVHVWLPHFRQWH[W
WRGHWHUPLQHWKHOLNHOLKRRGRIDGXOWVXSHUYLVLRQ$Q
DGXOW SUHVHQFH LQ WKLV FDVH ZDV XVHG WR KLGH RU
UHYHDO WKH SDUHQWDO FRQWUROV WRS ULJKW FRUQHU RI
ILJXUH KRZHYHU WKLV LQIRUPDWLRQ FRXOG DOVR EH
XVHG WR XQORFN PRUH GLIILFXOW ZRUGVVLJQV DQG
FRQFHSWV ZKLOH DQ DGXOW LV DYDLODEOH WR KHOS $GXOW
DYDLODELOLW\ ZDV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WLPH RI GD\ GD\ RI
WKH ZHHN DQG WKH DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW DQ DGXOW ZRXOG
EH SUHVHQWGXULQJQRQZRUNKRXUVLH RXWVLGH RI DPWR SPRQ ZHHNGD\V 7KLVZDVFKRVHQ DVD
IHDVLELOLW\ WHVW IRU WLPH FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV +DG D
VHWWLQJVFRQWUROSDQHOEHHQLPSOHPHQWHGH[SHFWHG
DGXOW DYDLODELOLW\ ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ LQFOXGHG DV D
FXVWRPLVDEOH VHWWLQJ )XUWKHU LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI
FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV ZLOO EH XQGHUWDNHQ LQ IXWXUH
GHYHORSPHQWV
5(48,5(0(176(/,&,7$7,216(66,216
$1')8785('(9(/230(176
$ VHULHV RIUHTXLUHPHQWVHOLFLWDWLRQVHVVLRQVLQWKH
IRUPRISURWRW\SHWHVWLQJVHVVLRQVZHUHFRQGXFWHG
ZLWK WKUHH VHYHQ\HDUROG ER\V 2QH SDUWLFLSDQW
ZDV SURIRXQGO\ GHDI KDG D FRFKOHDU LPSODQW DQG
H[SHULHQFHG GHOD\HG ODQJXDJH GHYHORSPHQW 7KH
RWKHUWZRZHUHDEOHWRKHDUZLWKWKHXVHRIKHDULQJ
DLGVDQGZHUHOHDUQLQJERWK$XVODQDQGYRFDOLVHG
(QJOLVK 7KHUHVXOWVRIWKHVHVHVVLRQVZHUHXVHGWR
RXWOLQHSRVVLEOHIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH6LJQ0\
:RUOGDSSOLFDWLRQ
'XULQJ VHVVLRQV SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH SURYLGHG ZLWK D
ODSWRSGLVSOD\LQJWKHSURRIRIFRQFHSW DQGDVNHGWR
µSOD\¶ ZLWK WKH JDPH GXULQJ D WR PLQXWH
VHVVLRQ ZLWK WKH GHYHORSHU DQG DQ $XVODQ
LQWHUSUHWHU 2EVHUYDWLRQV ZHUH PDGH EDVHG RQ KLV
DFWLYLWLHV DQG UHDFWLRQV DQG SDUWLFLSDQW FRPPHQWV
ZHUH UHFRUGHG LQ ZULWLQJ %DVHG RQ REVHUYDWLRQV
PDGH GXULQJ VHVVLRQV DQG WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV¶
FRPPHQWV D QXPEHU RI GHYHORSPHQWV ZHUH PDGH
WR WKH SURWRW\SH EHWZHHQ VHVVLRQV LQFOXGLQJ WKH
FUHDWLRQRI QHZ DUHDVDQGZRUGVHWV
$XWRPDWLF LQWHUIDFH SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ KDV EHHQ
LPSOHPHQWHGWRDOORZWKHSURRIRIFRQFHSW WRDGDSW
WR WKH XVHU¶V SDWWHUQV RI EHKDYLRXU :KHQ YLHZLQJ
WKHµIODVKFDUG¶IRUDVLJQWKHUHDUHEHKDYLRXUVWKH
V\VWHP FDQ µOHDUQ¶ 7KH V\VWHP WUDFNV WKH QXPEHU
RI WLPHV WKH IODVK FDUG LPDJH DQG WKH YLGHR DUH
YLHZHG,IWKHXVHUYLHZVLPDJHVRQDYHUDJHPRUH
WKDQWZLFHWKHLPDJHZLOOEHHQODUJHGDIWHUWKHILUVW
SOD\WKURXJKRIWKHYLGHR ,IWKHXVHUSOD\VYLGHRV
RQ DYHUDJH WZR RU PRUH WLPHV WKH YLGHR ZLOO EH
DXWRPDWLFDOO\ UHSHDWHG 7KLV FRXOG EH SDUWLFXODUO\
XVHIXO IRU FKLOGUHQ DWWHPSWLQJ WR PLPLF WKH VLJQ
VKRZQDVWKH\ZLOOQRWQHHGWRUHDFKIRUWKHPRXVH
PLGVLJQ )XUWKHU LQYHVWLJDWLRQ ZLOO H[DPLQH WKH
UHOHYDQFHRIWKLVEHKDYLRXUWR WKHXVHUV
3DUWLFLSDQWV VHHPHGWRHQMR\WKHEULJKWFRORXUVDQG
FDUWRRQOLNHDVSHFWRIWKHLQWHUIDFHDQGRQHVWDWHG
WKDW KH ³ORYHG´ WKH DQLPDWHG EXWWRQV ,W EHFDPH D
SRLQWRIFRQFHUQIRUWZRSDUWLFLSDQWVGXULQJDODWHU
VHVVLRQZKHQVRPHQHZLWHPVZHUHQRWDQLPDWHG
2QH SDUWLFLSDQW ZDV DOPRVW LPPHGLDWHO\ DEOH WR
GLVFHUQ WKDW WKH DQLPDWHG LWHPV FRXOG EH FOLFNHG
RQWKHRWKHUWZRZHUHPRUHKHVLWDQWDERXWFOLFNLQJ
RQLWHPV
'XULQJWKHILUVWWHVWLQJVHVVLRQDSDUWLFLSDQWWULHGWR
UHWXUQWRWKHPDLQDUHDIURPDIODVKFDUGE\ FOLFNLQJ
RQ WKH IDGHG EODFNWUDQVSDUHQW DUHD EHKLQG WKH
YLGHRVKRZQLQ)LJXUH 7KLVKDGQRHIIHFWZKLFK
IUXVWUDWHG KLP XQWLO KH QRWLFHG DQG FOLFNHG WKH
µEDFN¶ EXWWRQ 'XH WR WKLV WKH µEDFN¶ EXWWRQ ZDV
UHPRYHG IURP WKH SURWRW\SH DQG WKH IODVK FDUG
EDFNJURXQG EHFDPH D FOLFNDEOH DUHD ZKLFK
UHWXUQHGXVHUVWRWKHPDLQDUHD
6RPH VLPSOH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV RI XVHUFRQWUROOHG
SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ KDYH DOVR EHHQ LQFOXGHG $
SDUHQWDO FRQWURO SDQHO LV DYDLODEOH ZKLFK DOORZV
XVHUVRUWKHLUSDUHQWVWRVHOHFWWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIWKH
H[WUD OHYHO RI VLJQV DQG ZKLFK FRXOG EH XVHG WR
SHUVRQDOLVH RWKHU DVSHFWV RI WKH SURWRW\SH $
µFKDUDFWHU FUHDWLRQ¶ VFUHHQ ZDV FUHDWHG ZKLFK
FRXOGEHXVHGWRSHUVRQDOLVHDXVHUDYDWDURU RWKHU
KXPDQFKDUDFWHUVLQWKHSURWRW\SH
7KHLQFOXVLRQRIILQJHUVSHOOLQJLQWKH$XVODQYLGHRV
SURYHG WR EH FRQIXVLQJ WR SDUWLFLSDQWV ,Q IXWXUH
GHYHORSPHQWVWKLVVKRXOGEHUHPRYHG3HUKDSVDV
DQ DVSHFW RI SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ LW FRXOG EH UHVWRUHG
ZLWKDXVHUVHOHFWHGRSWLRQ
$V WKH DLP RI WKLV LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ LV SURRI RI
FRQFHSW RQO\ WKHVH DUH UDWKHU VLPSOH XVHV RI
SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ DQG XVHU ORJLQ RU LGHQWLILFDWLRQ
IDFLOLWLHV KDYH QRW EHHQ LQFOXGHG 7KHVH ZRXOG EH
QHFHVVDU\IRUXVHUVSHFLILFSHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ
3DUWLFLSDQWV LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH\ HQMR\HG LQWHUDFWLQJ
ZLWK WKH SURWRW\SH DQG VHHPHG WR EH OHDUQLQJ WKH
LQFRUSRUDWHG VLJQVDIWHUPXOWLSOHVHVVLRQV
7KH SURRI RI FRQFHSW SURYLGHV VHOISDFLQJ
H[SORUDWLRQDQG LQWHUDFWLYLW\ GXHWRWKHRSHQ QDWXUH
RIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ$ SDLU RI VLJQWRLPDJH PDWFKLQJ
JDPHV ZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRWKHSURWRW\SH7KHVH
)XUWKHU GHYHORSPHQW ZLOO IRFXV RQ HQKDQFLQJ WKH
JDPHOLNH QDWXUH RI WKH PDLQ DSSOLFDWLRQ WR
LQFUHDVHXVHUHQJDJHPHQWDQGOHDUQLQJSRWHQWLDO
7KHUH ZHUH D QXPEHU RI IHDWXUHV RI WKH SURWRW\SH
WKDW SDUWLFLSDQWV GLG QRW H[DPLQH GXULQJ
UHTXLUHPHQWV HOLFLWDWLRQ VHVVLRQV 7KH WXWRULDO
EXWWRQUHPDLQHGXQWRXFKHG(LWKHULWVPHDQLQJZDV
XQFOHDU WR SDUWLFLSDQWV RU WKH\ GLG QRW IHHO WKH\
348
'HVLJQLQJD0RELOH9LGHR*DPHWR+HOS <RXQJ 'HDI&KLOGUHQ /HDUQ$XVODQ
-HVVLFD.RUWH Ɣ /HLJK(OOHQ3RWWHU Ɣ 6XH1LHOVHQ
QHHGHG KHOS LQ QDYLJDWLQJ WKH LQWHUIDFH ,WHP
LPDJHVZHUHQHYHUUHYLHZHGDQGWKHXQORFNLQJRI
YHUEV IRU VRPH LWHPV ZHQW XQUHPDUNHG 7KLV PD\
KDYH EHHQ GXH WR WKH SODFHPHQW RI WKH LWHP DQG
YHUE LPDJHV RQ WKH IODVK FDUG DERYH WKH (QJOLVK
ZRUG
DSSOLFDWLRQ ZRXOG EH DEOH WR JHQHUDWH UHSRUWV
FRQWDLQLQJ GLIIHUHQW VXEVHWV RI LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW
WKHOHDUQHU¶VSURJUHVVIRUSDUHQWVDQGWHDFKHUV
9LGHR JDPH SULQFLSOHV ZLOO EH LPSOHPHQWHG LQ
VXFKDZD\DVWR HPSKDVLVHFUHDWLYLW\DQGSUREOHP
VROYLQJ WZR DVSHFWV JDPH SOD\ SUHYDOHQW LQ
DFWLYLWLHV SDUWLFLSDQWV LGHQWLILHG DV µIXQ¶ &RQWH[W
DZDUHQHVV DQG SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ FRQFHSWV FDQ DOVR
EH XVHG WR DGDSW JDPHVWHVWV 7KH VFRSH DQG
GLIILFXOW\ RI JDPHV FRXOG EH DGMXVWHG
SHUVRQDOLVHG EDVHG RQ WKH OHDUQHU¶V VNLOO DQG
H[SHULHQFH RU WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI UHVRXUFHV
FRQWH[W7KHFRQWHQWRUIRFXVRIWKHJDPHVFRXOG
DOVREHGHWHUPLQHGE\FRQWH[W
)XWXUH GHYHORSPHQWV RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH
LPSOHPHQWHG IRU GHOLYHU\ DQG WHVWLQJ RQ PRELOH
GHYLFHV LQ RUGHU WR IXOO\ H[SORUH WKH RSSRUWXQLWLHV
SURYLGHG E\ FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV 7KHUH DUH
QXPHURXV SRVVLELOLWLHV IRU LPSURYHPHQW ZLWK WKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI IXUWKHU FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV
SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQDQGYLGHRJDPHIHDWXUHV
&RQWH[W DZDUHQHVV FRXOG EH XVHG LQ SURPRWLQJ
FRQWH[WUHOHYDQWOHVVRQV/RFDWLRQFRXOGEHXVHGWR
GHWHUPLQH WKH PRVW UHOHYDQW VHW RI REMHFWV
³UHJLVWHU´³PRQH\´DQG ³VKRSNHHSHU´ FRXOG GLVSOD\
DXWRPDWLFDOO\ LI WKH XVHU LV DW WKH VKRSV 7LPH RI
GD\FRXOGEHXVHG WRH[SDQGRUFKDQJHWKHVHWRI
YHUEV DQG UHODWHG ZRUGV IRU H[DPSOH ³0DNH EHG´
LQWKHPRUQLQJ YHUVXV³VOHHS´DWQLJKW 7LPHRIWKH
\HDUFRXOG DOWHUREMHFWVDSSHDULQJLQVHWV VXFKDV
HPSKDVL]LQJ VXPPHU RU ZLQWHU FORWKLQJ GXULQJ
WKRVHVHDVRQV
&21&/86,21
7KLV SURMHFW KDV WKH SRWHQWLDO WR KHOS D
GLVDGYDQWDJHG DQG RIWHQRYHUORRNHG JURXS 7KH
SXUSRVH RI WKLV UHVRXUFH LV WR H[SRVH SUHOLWHUDWH
'HDI FKLOGUHQWR$XVODQLQDIXQDQGHQJDJLQJZD\
ZKLFK ZLOO SURYLGH DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ IRU JUHDWHU
LPPHUVLRQ LQ WKHLU ILUVW ODQJXDJH 7KLV HDUO\
LPPHUVLRQ KDV WKH SRWHQWLDO WR HQKDQFH
FRPSUHKHQVLRQDQGOLWHUDF\DPRQJ 'HDI FKLOGUHQ
,W ZRXOG DOVR EH SRVVLEOH WR GHWHUPLQH WKH
DYDLODELOLW\RIOHDUQLQJ UHVRXUFHVRUDGXOWDVVLVWDQFH
IURPRWKHU DVSHFWVRIFRQWH[WLQFOXGLQJ
• /RFDWLRQ ± LI UHVRXUFHV DUH NQRZQ WR H[LVW
LQ D FHUWDLQ ORFDWLRQ VXFK DV ³DW KRPH´ RU
³DWVFKRRO´
• 0RYHPHQW ± LI WKH XVHU VHHPV WR EH
WUDYHOOLQJ WKH\ DUH QRW OLNHO\ WR KDYH
UHVRXUFHV DYDLODEOH WR WKHP EH\RQG WKRVH
DOUHDG\RQWKHPRELOHGHYLFHLQXVH
• 1HWZRUN FRQQHFWLRQ ± LI FHUWDLQ QHWZRUNV
FDQEHLGHQWLILHGDV³KRPH´ ³VFKRRO´HWFLW
ZRXOGVXJJHVWWKDWUHVRXUFHVRUDGXOWKHOS
ZRXOGEHDYDLODEOH
• 'HWHFWLRQ RI RWKHU QHDUE\ FRPSXWLQJ
GHYLFHV ± VXFKDVDSDUHQW¶VPRELOHGHYLFH
RU FRPSXWHU ZKLFK PLJKW VXJJHVW DGXOW
DYDLODELOLW\
7KLV SDSHU UHIOHFWV RQO\ WKH ILUVW VWHSV LQWR DQ
XQGHUH[SORUHG EXW LPSRUWDQW DUHD 7KH SURRI RI
FRQFHSW SUHVHQWHG KHUH VHUYHV DV D FXUVRU\
H[DPLQDWLRQ RI WKH IHDVLELOLW\ RI LQFRUSRUDWLQJ
FRQWH[W DZDUHQHVV SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ DQG YLGHR
JDPH SULQFLSOHV LQ OHDUQLQJ UHVRXUFHV WR HQJDJH
OHDUQHUVDQGHQKDQFHOHDUQLQJ
5()(5(1&(6
$GRPDYLFLXV*7X]KLOLQ$&RQWH[W
$ZDUH5HFRPPHQGHU6\VWHPV,Q)UDQFHVFR
5LFFL/LRU5RNDFK%UDFKD6KDSLUD3DXO%
.DQWRUHGV 5HFRPPHQGHU6\VWHPV
+DQGERRN6SULQJHU86%RVWRQ0$SS
±
GH$JXLOHUD0 0HQGL]$9LGHR*DPHV
DQG(GXFDWLRQ(GXFDWLRQLQWKH)DFHRID
³3DUDOOHO6FKRRO´ &RPSXWHUVLQ
(QWHUWDLQPHQW±
3HUVRQDOLVDWLRQ FRXOG EH XVHG WR HQKDQFH WKH
VSHFLILF UHOHYDQFH RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ WR WKH
LQGLYLGXDO XVLQJ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ $W SUHVHQW WKH
GHWHUPLQLQJ IDFWRU LQ GHFLGLQJ ZKHQ WR XQORFN WKH
QH[W OHYHO RI ZRUGV LV VLPSO\ WKH QXPEHU RI
LQWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQXVHUDQGDSSOLFDWLRQ,QIXWXUH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV WKLV FRXOG EH EDVHG RQ XVHU
VXFFHVVUDWHLQDJDPHRUWHVW 8VHULGHQWLILFDWLRQ
VXFK DV D ORJLQ ZRXOG EH UHTXLUHG IRU LQGLYLGXDO
SHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ LQ D PXOWLXVHU VLWXDWLRQ DOORZLQJ
HDFKXVHUWRSURJUHVVDWWKHLURZQSDFH7KLVLVDQ
RSWLRQWRFRQVLGHUIRUIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQW
%DOGDXI0'XVWGDU65RVHQEHUJ)$
VXUYH\RQFRQWH[WDZDUHV\VWHPV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI$G+RFDQG
8ELTXLWRXV&RPSXWLQJ±
%DUDE67KRPDV0'RGJH7&DUWHDX[5
7X]XQ+0DNLQJOHDUQLQJIXQ4XHVW
$WODQWLVDJDPHZLWKRXWJXQV (GXFDWLRQDO
7HFKQRORJ\5HVHDUFKDQG'HYHORSPHQW
±
3HUVRQDOLVDWLRQ FDQ DOVR EH XVHG LQ UHSRUWLQJ WKH
OHDUQHU¶V SURJUHVV WR WKHLU JXDUGLDQV 7KH
349
'HVLJQLQJD0RELOH9LGHR*DPHWR+HOS <RXQJ 'HDI&KLOGUHQ /HDUQ$XVODQ
-HVVLFD.RUWH Ɣ /HLJK(OOHQ3RWWHU Ɣ 6XH1LHOVHQ
%ROFKLQL&&XULQR&$4XLQWDUHOOL(6FKUHLEHU
)$7DQFD/$GDWDRULHQWHG
VXUYH\RIFRQWH[WPRGHOV $*06,*02'
5HFRUG±
+H[HO5-RKQVRQ&.XPPHUIHOG%4XLJOH\
$³3RZHU3RLQWWRWKH3HRSOH´6XLWLQJ
WKH:RUGWRWKH$XGLHQFH,Q 3URFHHGLQJVRI
WKHILIWKFRQIHUHQFHRQ$XVWUDODVLDQXVHU
LQWHUIDFH-DQXDU\$XVWUDOLDQ&RPSXWHU
6RFLHW\,QF'XQHGLQ1HZ=HDODQGSS±
%RXUJRQMRQ-9DOFNH06RHWDHUW5GH:HYHU
%6FKHOOHQV73DUHQWDO
DFFHSWDQFHRIGLJLWDOJDPHEDVHGOHDUQLQJ
&RPSXWHUV(GXFDWLRQ±
+XDQJ.6PLWK-6SUHHQ.-RQHV0)
%UHDNLQJWKHVRXQGEDUULHUGHVLJQLQJ
DQLQWHUDFWLYHWRROIRUODQJXDJHDFTXLVLWLRQLQ
SUHVFKRROGHDIFKLOGUHQ,Q 3URFHHGLQJVRI
,'&6HSWHPEHUSS±
&KHQ*.RW]' $VXUYH\RIFRQWH[W
DZDUHPRELOHFRPSXWLQJUHVHDUFKS±
'H\$.$ERZG*'7RZDUGVDEHWWHU
XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFRQWH[WDQGFRQWH[W
DZDUHQHVV,Q 3URFHHGLQJVRI&+,
$SULO7KH+DJXH7KH1HWKHUODQGVSS
±
.D\-/LIHORQJ/HDUQHU0RGHOLQJIRU
/LIHORQJ3HUVRQDOL]HG3HUYDVLYH/HDUQLQJ
,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ/HDUQLQJ7HFKQRORJLHV
±
.\OH-'HDIFKLOGUHQOHDUQLQJWRVLJQ
(GXFDomR7HPiWLFD'LJLWDO±
(OOLV.0XOWLPHGLDWRDVVLVWNLQGHUJDUWHQ
FKLOGUHQWROHDUQ$XVWUDOLDQVLJQODQJXDJH
-RXUQDORI$XVWUDOLDQ5HVHDUFKLQ(DUO\
&KLOGKRRG(GXFDWLRQ
/LJKW-&'UDJHU.'1HPVHU-*
(QKDQFLQJWKH$SSHDORI$$&7HFKQRORJLHV
IRU<RXQJ&KLOGUHQ/HVVRQVIURPWKH7R\
0DQXIDFWXUHUV $XJPHQWDWLYHDQG$OWHUQDWLYH
&RPPXQLFDWLRQ±
(OOLV.5D\1+RZDUG&/HDUQLQJD
SK\VLFDOVNLOOYLDDFRPSXWHUDFDVHVWXG\
H[SORULQJ$XVWUDOLDQ6LJQ/DQJXDJH,Q
3URFHHGLQJVRI2=&+,'HFHPEHU
&DQEHUUD$XVWUDOLDSS±
0D\EHUU\5,(LFKHQ(%7KHORQJ
ODVWLQJDGYDQWDJHRIOHDUQLQJVLJQODQJXDJHLQ
FKLOGKRRG$QRWKHUORRNDWWKHFULWLFDO SHULRG
IRUODQJXDJHDFTXLVLWLRQ -RXUQDORI0HPRU\
DQG/DQJXDJH±
*HH-3 *RRG9LGHR*DPHV*RRG
/HDUQLQJ3HWHU/DQJ3XEOLVKLQJ1HZ<RUN
1HZ<RUN86$
0RUL07KH8QFDQQ\9DOOH\ (QHUJ\
±
+HQGHUVRQ9/HH6%UDVKHDU++DPLOWRQ+
6WDUQHU7+DPLOWRQ6
'HYHORSPHQWRIDQ$PHULFDQVLJQODQJXDJH
JDPHIRUGHDIFKLOGUHQ,Q 3URFHHGLQJVRI
,'&-XQHSS±
<DURVK6+XDQJ.0RVKHU,7RSSLQJ0
3OD\ZDUHDXJPHQWLQJQDWXUDOSOD\WR
WHDFKVLJQODQJXDJH,Q 3URFHHGLQJVRI&+,
$SULOSS±
350