The Using of Figurative Language in The Chronicles of Narnia :
The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Practical Fulfillment of the
Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S. Pd. I)
In English Department of Educational Faculty
By:
RISA EKA MARLANGEN
113 07 008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN)
SALATIGA 2011
The Using of Figurative Language in The Chronicles of Narnia :
The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Practical Fulfillment of the
Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S. Pd. I)
In English Department of Educational Faculty
By:
RISA EKA MARLANGEN
113 07 008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN)
SALATIGA
2011
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN) SALATIGA
Jl. Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiga.ac.id E-mail : [email protected]
DECLARATION
In the name of Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful.
Hereby the writer fully declares that this thesis is made by the writer
herself, and it is not containing materials written or has been published by other
“people” ideas except the information from the reference.
The writer capable account this for thesis if in the future this thesis can be
proved of containing others idea or in fact the writer imitate the other thesis.
This declaration is made by the writer to be understood.
Salatiga, 22nd August 2011
Researcher
Risa Eka Marlangen
NIM: 113 07 008
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN) SALATIGA
Jl. Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiga.ac.id E-mail : [email protected]
Hanung Triyoko, S. S, M. Hum, M. Ed
The Lecturer of Educational Faculty
State Islamic Studies Institute of Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR’S NOTE
Case
Salatiga, 22nd August 2011
: Risa Eka Marlangen’s Garduating Paper
Dear
The Head of State Islamic
Studies Institute of Salatiga
Assalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
After reading and correcting Risa Eka Marlangen’s thesis entitled The Using of
Figurative Language in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and
The Wardrobe Movie, I have decided and would like to propose that if it could
be accepted by educational faculty, I hope it would be examined as soon as
possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Consultant,
Hanung Triyoko, S. S, M. Hum, M. Ed
NIP. 19730815 199903 1 003
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN) SALATIGA
Jl. Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiga.ac.id E-mail : [email protected]
GRADUATING PAPER
THE USING OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE CHRONICLES OF
NARNIA : THE LION, THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE MOVIE
CREATED BY:
RISA EKA MARLANGEN
NIM. 113 07 008
Has been brought to the board of examiners of English department of
education faculty State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga on September,
9th 2011, and hereby considered to completely fullfillment of the requirement for
the degree of SI Kependidikan Islam
Boards of examiners,
1. Head
: Prof. Dr. Muh. Zuhri, M. A.
2. Secretary
: Setia Rini, M.Pd
3. 1st Examiner
: Dr. H. Sa’adi, M. Ag
4. 2nd Examiner
: Hammam, M. Pd
5. 3rd Examiner
: Hanung Triyoko, S.S, M.Hum, M.Ed.
Salatiga, September 9th, 2011
Head of STAIN Salatiga
Dr. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag
NIP. 195808 27 198303 1 002
MOTTO
“Man Jadda Wa Jadda”
”Be serious in everything, then you will get your dream”
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this garduating paper for them who were being my
motivator:

To God Allah SWT

To Prophet Muhammad SAW

My never dies lovely, my father (Eko Subagyo), my mother (Intianah),
who always gives me support both in spirit or finance and my little
brother (Adam Surya Kusuma) that actually not little, thanks bro
always support me to finish my final job. I love you all.

Mr. Hanung Triyoko, S. S, M. Hum, M. Ed. Who was guided me until
my graduating paper finished.

Drs. A. Bahrudin, M. Ag who was guiding from semester 1 until 8.

My big family in SMC Salatiga Alfonzo ( Supadi, Bopo Johan, Mbak
Ngarpik), Dedicato (Mz. White, Mz. Muna, Blacky, Mb. Endah, Pak
Bendot), Elan_o (Sukmo, Parid, Danang, Sally, Mbokdhe “Liya”,
Dandut, Markasan), Awareness ( Denny, Zulpi, Tuba, Piggy, Ari, Ulpe,
Fahmi), WP ( special to my “children”: Maya, Aniz, Udin, Tata, Heni
thanks for being good child, Prungky, Icha), Zealous_the last
generation in my age ( Aniz, Wini, Laelos, Irsa, Ajna, Inas, Lia, Tengil,
Sugeng, Andrek, Lucas Tse, Dongong) keep your Quality and Quantity.

My lovely CakkaBun (Nailul Muna), thanks for your biggest
supporting, caring and helping to me to face this world. You always
giving the best for me. I hope God bless us....

My BFF “Mbokdhe” Liya, “Mak” Aniz, Maya “Gendus”, Tuba “Tuyul
Poni”, Denny “Sapi” you are the best. Thanks for your loyalty, support
and everything that was we did together, laugh, cry, joke and our
getherness, I can’t forget it.

All of my friends espesially to TBI A class and generally to STAIN
Salatiga 2007.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful, The
Lord of the Universe. Because of Him, the writer able to finish this
graduating paper as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana
Pendidikan in English Department of Educational Faculty of State
Islamic Study Institute (STAIN) of Salatiga.
Secondly, peace and salutation always be given to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who has guided us from darkness to the lightness.
This Graduataing Paper entitle “The Using of Figurative Language
in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe
Movie” presented to English Departement of State Institute Islamic
Studies (STAIN) Salatiga in partial fulfillment of the requirment for the
Sarjana Degree. It is important for writer to thank to people behind the
making of this graduating paper. The writer would like thank to:
1. Dr. Imam Sutomo, M. Ag, as the Head of State Institute Islamic
Studies (STAIN) Salatiga.
2. Maslihatul Umami. S. Pdi, M. A. as the head of English
Departement.
3. Drs. A. Bahrudin, M. Ag, as my Academic Counselor.
4. Mr. Hanung Triyoko, S. S, M. Hum, M. Ed, as my counselor in
writing this graduating paper. Thank you very much for your
patience and guidance.
5. To all lecturers of English Departement, the writer deeply
thanks you all for your advices, knowledge, kindness etc.
6. My beloved father, mother, and brother who have taught me
everything, your support, care, and pray to reach my desire. I
really love you so much.
7. My CakkaBun, Nailul Muna, thank’s for everything that you
give it to me. Never give up reaching your dreams.
8. My big family in SMC Salatiga thanks for every moment that
we share together. I never forget it. You always be in my mind
and my heart. Always remember this motto “Music adalah
Cerminan Manusia BerXpresi”.
Finally, this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide
useful knowledge and information to the readers. And the writer is
pleased to accept more suggestion and contribution from the reader for
the improvement of the graduating paper.
Salatiga, 22nd August 2011.
The writer
Risa Eka Marlangen
ABSTRACT
Marlangen, Risa Eka. 2011. The Using of Figurative Language in The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
Movie. Graduating Paper. English department of education
faculty State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga.
Counselor: Hanung Triyoko, S.S, M.Hum, M.Ed.
Keywords: Figurative Language, Connotative and Dennotative, Message.
The purposes of this research are divided into three parts. The
first purpose of this research is to find out the types of figurative languages
used in the movie. The second purpose is to find out the denotative and
connotative meaning in the movie. The third is to find out the messages
conveyed in the movie. The methodology of this study is qualitative
descriptive study, it is means that it does not need statistic approach to
explore the material. In this research the writer research about the using of
figurative language in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and
The Wardrobe movie. Qualitative research is a search of which the data
written or oral words are descriptive analyzed. The result of this study is
there are some of figurative language those uses in the dialogue of the
movie. From the analysis, it can be concluded that there are metaphor,
simile, personification, metonymy, symbol, synecdoche, paradox,
hyperbole, litotes, and irony. This movie has many connotation meaning
based on the data analysis. After analyzing the data, it appears that the use
of figurative language in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch
and The Wardrobe movie is regarded as an instrument by the author to
convey their ideas in the movie dialogue.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ......................................................................................................... i
DECLARATION ....................................................................................... ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES ....................................................... iii
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION ....................................................... iv
MOTTO ..................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ........................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................. x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.................................................... 1
B. Statement of The Problems ................................................ 5
C. Purpose of The Research .................................................... 5
D. Limit of the Study .............................................................. 6
E. Benefits of the Study .......................................................... 6
F. Clarification of Key Terms ................................................ 6
G. Review of Previous Research............................................. 7
H. Research Methodology....................................................... 9
I. Outline of The Graduating Paper ....................................... 11
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
A. Notion of Figurative Language .......................................... 13
B. Use of Figurative Language ............................................... 21
CHAPTER III CERTAIN ELEMENT OF THE MOVIE
A. Biography of the Author .................................................... 23
B. Synopsis of the movie ........................................................ 26
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDING
A. Elements of Literary in the Movie ..................................... 34
B. Using of Figurative Language ............................................ 57
C. Denotative Meaning and Connotative Meaning ................ 73
D. Message Conveyed in the Movie ....................................... 78
CHAPTER V CLOSURE
A. Conclusion ......................................................................... 80
B. Suggestion .......................................................................... 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIXES
CHAPTER I
Introduction
A. Background of the Study
Literary work is seen as a reflection of times that represents the
opinion of the author's world, not as individuals but the society of the
community or a particular social group. In fact, literature always had
an attachment with the circumstances surrounding it. It can also reveal
aspects of social, cultural, political, economic, and so forth. Thus the
literary works deems mimesis (imitation) of the community. This is the
reason why the literary works as an object for study the social life of a
society.
Literature is a social institution, using as its medium language,
a social creation. They are conversions and norms which could
have arisen only in society. But, furthermore, literature
“represent” “life”; and “life” is, on large measure, a social
reality, even though the natural world and the inner or
subjective world of the individual have also been objects of
literary “imitation” (Wellek, 1977:94).
Literary works is also a picture of a person's life or even society
as outlined in the written form either in the form of novels, poetry, or
employed in a movie. Literary itself is a work of art or beauty that
rejects the measuring subjective and can be used as a medium for
learning. This can be done through the message that is implied in it.
Inside
literary,
language
is
a
symbol
of
arbitrary
sound. However, the language can decode these symbols. Language
shall not always be interpreted literally. The fact is that speakers
sometimes mean what they say literally and sometimes not (Frank,
19). That's why a lot of artificial language is found. One is figurative
language.
Figurative Language is one type of literary work which an
emphasis on connotation rather than denotation meaning. Generally,
Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a
meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Language used
in literary work has specification based on languages use in other
communication (Okta, 2010:3). In addition, the figurative language
used to express a word or phrase becomes more vivid and meaningful.
It also has a deep meaning or even an allusion to someone. The phrase
can vary depending on the context.
In the development of literature, movie as a combination of
audio and visual classified to be part of the literature. The movie can
reflect the culture of a nation and influenced the culture itself. Aside
from being a source of popular entertainment, the movie also became
the media to educate and provide doctrine to the public. The use of
figurative language in the movie is able to create attraction for
spectators.
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The
Wardrobe movie is taken from the novel by CS Lewis which is none
other than one writer friend JRR Tolkien's trilogy The Lord of the
Rings, this movie made by Walt Disney. The cast is nearly perfect. The
expression of wonder and awe on the face of Georgie Henley (Lucy)
seems to be completely real. She is a joy to watch, and appears to truly
love playing her role. Skandar Keynes (Edmund) plays his character
with all appropriate mean-spiritedness and greedy attitude. William
Moseley and Anna Popplewell (Peter and Susan) are good as well.
This movie directed by Andrew Adamson, which tells the story
of the lives of four brothers in World War II in England. Fourth child
should be separated from his mother and sent to the home of a
professor in London. This story is becoming increasingly attractive
because they are stranded in a world of fantasy adventure that took
them on a very exciting and thrilling.
Figurative Language can be difficult to interpret general
readers, mainly in figurative language used in The Chronicles of
Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie. The figurative
languages used in this movie are metaphor, simile, paradox, litotes,
and symbol. For example:
Peter: I don't suppose saying we're sorry would quite cover it.
(00:40:19)
In the sentence above, the figurative language used is litotes,
Peter did not believe all the things said by his sister. However, when
they finally get into the world of Narnia, he eventually apologized for
not believing what she said. Peter was very sorry about it.
The other examples from that dialogue is shown on this
sentence, If Dad were here, he wouldn't make us go. This sentence use
Paradox. The utterance above is contradictory with the fact. In real life,
they father not with them. He goes along to the world war, and they
should go to survive their life.
The figurative language is used in other sentences. That used
hyperbole to describe something, as present at this sentence Well, then,
Lucy Pevensie from the shining city of War Drobe. This statement
above is exaggeration. The word “shining” here, actually used to
describe the sun, but the writer try to substitute it with city. The
connotative meaning of the word “shining” is “wonderful”.
After reading some dialogue of The Chronicles of Narnia: The
Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie, the reader will not
comprehend the meaning directly. They will understand the meaning
of the dialogue if they able to combine among of dialogue, gesture, and
acting from the actor. Language used in literary work has been specific
language used in other communication. The style in the literary
language is to express maximum idea.
According to this condition, the writer tries to learn and search
the figurative language in this film. The writer inspires to conduct the
thesis under the title: “The Using of Figurative Language in The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
Movie.”
B. Statement of the Problems
From the background of study, the writer would like to write
down problem statements as follow:
1. What are the types of figurative languages used in The Chronicles
of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie?
2. What is the denotative and connotative meaning in The Chronicles
of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie?
3. What are the messages conveyed in The Chronicles of Narnia: The
Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie?
C. Purpose of the Research
Generally, the purpose of the research is study of figurative
languages used in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and
The Wardrobe Movie. Specifically, the purposes of the research are:
1. To discover the types of figurative languages used in The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
Movie.
2. To identify the denotative and connotative meaning in The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
Movie.
3. To reveal the message extended in The Chronicles of Narnia: The
Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie.
D. Limit of the Study
This research is merely focused on finding figurative languages
used in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The
Wardrobe Movie, which CS Lewis as the author and Andrew
Adamson as the director. The dialogue in this film became the main
focuses where researcher is going to analyze.
E. Benefits of the Study
This research will give many benefits to
1. Academic benefit
a. For the writer is expected to add insight to understanding a
literary work
b. For TBI course STAIN Salatiga, it is expected to enrich the
knowledge of literature and enrich their knowledge about
figurative language. In addition, it could be the references for
the other students if they want to make the thesis.
2. Practical Benefit
In practical terms, the writer expects that the study can contribute
to the development of literature study, especially for people who
are interested in literary study.
F. Clarification of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding in understanding the title above, the
writer needs to clarify some terms in the title above, namely:
a. The Using
Act of using something, state of being used (Oxford, 475).
b. Figurative Languages
According to Reaske in Albertine Minderop, figurative language is
that kind of language which departs from the language employed in
the traditional, literal ways of describing persons or objects
(2005:51-52).
c. Movie
Movie is motion pictures as a form of entertainment or an art
(Oxford, 234).
G. Review of Previous Research
In this research, the writer would like to analyze the using of
figurative languages in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch
and The Wardrobe movie by library analysis. To make sure that this
research is original, the writer would like to present other research that
have close relation with the study of The Chronicles of Narnia: The
Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie.
The first research is “A Descriptive Study on Figurative
Language used in Westlife’s Songs” which has been researched by
Ifonilla Yenianti in 2003, the students of State Islamic Studies Institute
(STAIN) Salatiga. In her thesis, she has analyzed about the figurative
language. According to her, the figurative language used in Westlife’s
songs are metonymy, hyperbole, personification, paradox, metaphor,
simile and apostrophe, and it has many connotation meanings based on
the data analysis.
The second researches conducted by Mochamat, students of
State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga. The title of his thesis
is “A Descriptive Study on Figurative Language Used in Celine Dion’s
Songs”. In his thesis, he analyzed about the figurative language. Based
on his research, he found 73 figurative languages in all of songs and it
has many connotation and denotation meanings based on figurative
languages result. In addition, he concludes that connotative has a
purpose to make refine, beauty and art of the message, and something
used to hide the message.
The third review related to this research, and the title is “The
Using of Figurative Languages in Twilight Movie” which has been
researched by Okta Friantina Rahardianing Tyas in 2010, the students
of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga. In her thesis, she
has analyzed there are 10 figurative expressions in three categories.
They are Comparative, imagery, and contradictory. This film also has
the messages to teach us to be optimistic and be loyalty.
Accordance to the research above, there is similarities of the
writer research doing, but the writer research that have a title The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie
not only focuses in the using of figurative language but also the
connotative and denotative meaning used in the movie, because there
are strong connected of it. The writer also tries to find out the message
conveyed on this movie.
H. Research Methodology
In this paper, the writer uses a descriptive qualitative method
that just collecting, analyzing and describing data that appropriate with
the problem. It uses depth analysis of problem (Arikunto, 2005:234),
and the methodologies used by the writer in this research are:
1. Research object
The research object in this study is dialogue in The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
Movie by Andrew Adamson as the director.
2. Data Source
Data source is divided into primary and secondary source.
a. Primary Source
The main data source are taken from the movie directed by
Andrew Adamson and Produced by Walt Disney Picture with
C. S. Lewis as the author.
b. Secondary Source
It is a data source, which is used to support and complete the
primary data. The data is taken from any kinds of books and
relevant materials such as books, essays, articles, magazines,
journals and all the printer matters which related with to the
study. Finding the material from internet is the other data
source.
3. Type of Research
That is the research by studying the findings with explore,
examine, and identify the things that have been there to know what
is and is not there.
Ketika peneliti mulai membuat rencana penelitian ia tidak bisa
menghindari dan harus mempelajari penemuan-penemuan
tersebut dengan mendalami, mencermati, menelaah, dan
mengidentifikasi hal-hal yang telah ada untuk mengetahui apa
yang ada dan yang belum ada (Arikunto, 2005:58).
(When the researcher make plane of the research, he can’t
avoid and should learning that finding by explore, examine, and
identify the things that have been there to know what is and is
not there).
4. Technique of Data Collection
The writer collected data by watching The Chronicles of
Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe Movie and tried to
find any important details that are needed. The writer also
conducted library research to get the information about figurative
language from this movie.
5. Data Analysis
In data analysis, the writer tries to analyze the movie in
order to know the content. The study focused on the using of
figurative languages in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The
Witch and The Wardrobe movie. To analysis the data the writer
uses descriptive analysis and the interpretation of the text is content
analysis. The steps are:
a. Collecting references relevant to the analysis of the movie
b. Describing the kinds of figurative language
c. Describing synopsis of the movie
d. Extracting the kind of figurative language
e. Extracting the denotative and connotative meaning
f. Extracting the the message conveyed of the movie
g. Concluding on the data analyzed (Moleong, 2008: 248).
I. Outline of the Graduating Paper
As guidance for reader to understand the content of the
graduating paper, the writer organizes this outlines as following:
Chapter one start with introduction, which consists of the background
of the study, The Statement of The Problems, The Purpose of The
Research, Limited of The Study, Benefits of The Study, Clarification
of Key Term, Review of Previous Research, Research Methodology,
The Outline of The Thesis, Bibliography. Chapter two present
theoretical review of figurative language, which presents the
description and kind of figurative language. Chapter three is presented
the biography of the author, about the movie and the cast. Chapter four
is finding the language and discussion about the using of figurative
language. Chapter five is closure that deal with conclusion and
suggestion. It is summary and results the analysis of graduating paper.
The last part is bibliography, appendix and curriculum vitae.
CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL REVIEW OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
In this chapter, the writer would like to discuss about figurative
language. The researcher has done some literature review in many sources,
such as books, journal, and internet websites. Those terms include
figurative expressions and the examples of it.
This literature review will attach some definitions, descriptions,
and elaborations as the theoretical foundation of the study.
A. Notion of Figurative Language
Figurative language is one which literally in compatible term,
forces the readers to attend the connotation rather than to the
denotation. Reaske in Albertine Minderop (2005:51-52) also provide
the understanding of figurative language as follows:
Figurative language: language which employs various figures
of speech. Some examples are metaphor, simile, antithesis,
hyperbole and paradox. In general, figurative language is that
kind of language which departs from the language employed in
the traditional, literal ways of describing persons or objects.
Using figurative language is making imaginative description in
fresh ways. It is usually immediately obvious whether a writer
is using figurative or literal.
Figurative language or speech contains images. The writer or
speaker describes something through the use of unusual comparisons,
for effect, interest, and to make things clearer. The result of using this
technique is the creation of interesting images.
It is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense. Appealing
to the imagination, figurative language provides new ways of looking
at the world. It always makes use of a comparison between different
things. Figurative language compares two things that are different in
enough ways so that their similarities, when pointed out, are
interesting, unique or surprising.
Figurative language is essential in certain types of writing to
help convey meaning and expression. It is necessary to convey the
exact meaning in a vivid and artistic manner, yet a concise and to the
point manner to your reader. The writer has a story to tell and the
language used must portray every emotion and feeling possible on the
paper. If the writer does not create an image in the readers mind, he
will lose the reader’s attention and holding the attention of the reader is
the writer's goal.
Figurative language, in comparison, uses exaggerations or
alterations to make a particular linguistic point. For example, the
sentence "The ground is thirsty" is partly figurative: "Ground" has a
literal meaning, but the ground is not alive and therefore neither needs
to drink nor feels thirst. Readers immediately reject a literal
interpretation and confidently interpret the words to mean "The ground
is dry," an analogy to the condition that would trigger thirst in an
animal. Figurative language is very common in poetry, but is also used
in prose and nonfiction writing as well.
1. Types of Figurative Language and Their Meanings
There are 10 kinds of figurative language expressions divided into
three big categories: Comparative, Imagery and Contradictory
figurative language. Each category has the character.
a) Comparative Figurative Language
Represent the name implies, this style of language describe
the comparison of two different things. There are four types of
comparative language, they are:
i. Metaphor
Kennedy affirms that metaphor is a statement that
one thing is something else, which, in a literal sense, it is
not (1983:482). It doesn’t use connective words such as like
or as.
Example:
 Susan:Perhaps we've been incorrectly labeled. (00:07:32)
 Time is a thief.
The statement compares two things that different.
The word “labeled” usually use for identify the things. In
this case, the word “labeled” used to giving the identity for
the human. Human and things are definitely different. For
the second examples, it means that there is not enough time
to do what you want. The word “thief” show that time can
steal like a people. It is makes sense when the similarities
between the two things become apparent or someone
understands the connection.
ii. Simile
A simile is comparison of two things, indicated by
some connective; usually as, than, like, or a verb such as
resembles (Kennedy, 1983:482) The comparison is explicit
or implied something similar to something else.
Example:
 Jamie runs as fast as the wind.
 She is like a rose.
In the sentence, Jamie runs as fast as the wind, the
word “as fast as” show that Jamie’s run as fast as the wind.
The speedy is invisible like the wind. The second sentence,
the writer makes the same both human and flower with
connector “like”.
iii. Personification
Perrine affirms that personification consists in
giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an
object, or an idea (1978:55). A type of metaphor in which
distinct human qualities, e.g., honesty, emotion, volition,
etc., are attributed to an animal, object or idea.
Example:

The leaves danced in the wind on the cold October
afternoon.

I see the moon in your town, and then go down to the
bottom of star fruit front of the house perhaps he wiped
his dreams.
In the first sentence, described that as if the leaves
were dancing along with the wind. Dancing only is done by
a living in a creature that has hands and feet of humans.
Because the leaves were moving in the breeze, as if it
moves. The word “dance” here has a connotative meaning.
In the next sentence, the writer describes “the moon” like a
human being.
iv. Metonymy
A figure of speech that uses a concept closely
related to the thing actually meant. The substitution makes
the analogy more vivid and meaningful. According to
Kennedy (1983:488), the name of thing is substituted for
that of another closely associated with it.
Example:
 Lusy: This is an awfully big wardrobe.(00:16:54)
 The white house is decided.
The word “big wardrobe” symbolized the world of
Narnia. Then the word “The White House” means “The
President”.
b) Imagery Figurative Language
Imagery may be defined as the representation through
language of sense experience (Perrine, 1978:45). There are two
kinds of imagery that is:
i. Symbol
Symbol may be roughly defined as something that
means more than what it is (Perrine, 1978:69). Symbolism
occurs when a noun which has meaning in itself is used to
represent something entirely different.
Example:
 The forked road represents choices in life.
 The red rose whispers of passion.
In the first sentence above, it symbolized life is
a choice, just as the road forked. Then, on the second
example the word “red rose” is a symbol of physical desire.
ii. Synecdoche
Kennedy affirms that synecdoche is use of a part of
a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa (1983:489).
Example:
 Each head imposed a contribution of Rp 1.000, -
 For a long time he did not reveal his nose.
The word “head” and “nose” are a metaphor for the
whole person. Not that his nose be sought but the person.
c) Contradictory Figurative Language
This style shows a contradiction between two things which
included a paradox, hyperbole, litotes, and irony.
i.
Paradox
According to Kennedy (1983:489), Paradox is a
statement that at first strikes us as self contradictory but that
on reflection make some sense.
Example:
 The child is rather of the man.
 He felt lonely in the middle of hectic hustle and bustle of
the city.
Here, two different meaning of “child” are
contrasted, “child in philosophy view” and “child is
generation”. In the second example, there was an
contradictive between two different circumstances,that is
quiet and noisy.
ii.
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement
containing exaggeration (Kennedy, 1983:488). It can be
ridiculous or funny. Hyperboles can be added to fiction to
add color and depth to a character.
Example:
 Mr. Tumnus: It's only just around the corner. And there'll
be a glorious fire. (00:17:50)
 I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.
In the sentence above, the writer explain the fire like
the king of empire. On the second statement, he only walks
15 miles but as if had to walk 10.000 miles to school.
iii.
Litotes
Litotes is a style of language used to express
something with the purpose of humbling ourselves.
According to Perrine (1978:92) litotes or understatement is
saying less than one means, may exist in what one says or
merely in how one says it.
Example:
 Please stop into our rickety shack.
 My score is nothing compared to you.
The word “rickety shack” and “nothing” does not
describe the actual situation.
iv.
Irony
A figure of speech when an expression used is the
opposite of the thought in the speaker's mind, thus
conveying a meaning that contradicts the literal definition.
Irony has meanings which extend beyond its use merely as
a figure of speech (Perrine, 1978:93).
Example:
 Wow…How diligent you are! You just got up at 12 noon.
 How clever you are! You got 4 at your mathematic score.
The sentence above is a satire. The word “diligent”
and “clever” are contradictory with the fact.
B. Use of Figurative Language
Figurative language comes in creative writers use metaphor,
analogy, symbols and more to stir the reader's imagination and bring
out the emotion and understanding that can't be expressed by the words
dictionary meaning alone. Language draws you by prodding your
imagination so that your brain needs to know more. All the rhetorical
tools could get to keep people listening, and they found the best ones
by exaggerating and stretching words to get the most extreme meaning
possible.
According to Perrine (1978), figurative language has several
using. First, figurative language is effective way of evoking vivid
experience such as convey emotion and suggest ideas as well as to
cause a mental reproduction of sensations. Second, the writer can say
what he want to say more vividly and forcefully by figures than he can
by saying it directly. Third, figurative language is another way of
adding extra dimensions to language. Fourth, figurative language
affords us imaginative pleasure. Fifth, it is a means of concentration, a
way of saying much in brief compass.
Generally, figurative language used for improve the speech
with artificial language. It is make the sentence more interesting, fresh,
vivid, an obvious image to provide. This the way of the writer to use
language as the device to expressing the feeling and thought that
hidden. Figurative language makes literary work more meaningful. In
addition, it also can avoid something that have monotone on the
characteristic and make the reader bored. This is can use for the reader
or writer to explain their idea. It is to be warn, figurative language
that's overused only dulls the imagination and makes the audience
want something else.
CHAPTER III
CERTAIN ELEMENT OF THE CHRONICLE OF NARNIA: THE
LION, THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE MOVIE
A. Biography of the Author
C. S. Lewis or commonly known as Jack Lewis, born in
Belfast, Ireland or now known as Northern Ireland on 29 November
1898. He was the second son of a lawyer named Albert Lewis. He
also has a brother named Warren Hamilton Lewis or often greeted
Warnie. He was three years older than Jack.
Lewis’s life as a child is very happy. He grew up in Little
Lea. He and Warnie often spend time together. At home, they have a
library field with a variety of books. One of Lewis’s favorite books is
The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett.
But then he lost the happiness as the children when his
mother ill and died in 1908 because of cancer. Several months after
her death, the two boys were sent away from home to go to the
boarding school in England.
Unfortunately he did not enjoy stay in boarding school.
Lewis did not feel comfortable with everything in the dormitory. He
did not linger at home in a dormitory. Luckily, the school closed in
1910 and he could return to Ireland.
After his return to Ireland, one year later Lewis returned to
England for schooling. Currently he got more positive experience.
As a teenager, he learned to make poetry. He also developed the
ability to write poems in various languages such as French, German
and Italian.
In 1916, Lewis accepted at University College, the oldest
school at Oxford University. After he entered to the University,
Lewis chose to be a volunteer for World War I. He served the British
Army who fought against the French.
At the end of the war of 1918, Lewis returned to Oxford. He
took up his studies again with great enthusiasm. In 1925, after
graduating with first class honors in Greek and Latin Literature,
Philosophy and Ancient History, and English Literature, Lewis was
elected to an important teaching post in English at Magdalen
College, Oxford. He remained at Oxford for 29 years before
becoming a professor of medieval and renaissance literature at
Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1955.
In addition to his teaching duties at the University, Lewis
began to publish books. His first major work, The Pilgrim's
Regress (1933), was about his own spiritual journey to Christian
faith. Other works followed that won him acclaim not only as a
writer of books on religious subjects, but also as a writer of academic
works and popular novels. The Allegory of Love (1936), which is still
considered a masterpiece today, was a history of love literature from
the early Middle Ages to Shakespeare's time. Out of the Silent
Planet (1938) was the first of a trilogy of science fiction novels, the
hero of which is loosely modeled on Lewis's friend J.R.R. Tolkien,
author of the children's classic The Hobbit.
Initially when Lewis turned to writing children's books, his
publisher and some of his friends tried to dissuade him, they thought
it would hurt his reputation as writer of serious works. J.R.R. Tolkien
in particular criticized Lewis's first Narnia book, The Lion, the Witch
and the Wardrobe. He thought that there were too many elements
that clashed a Father Christmas and an evil witch, talking
animals and children. Thankfully, Lewis didn't listen to any of them.
Following the publication of The Lion, the Witch and the
Wardrobe in 1950, Lewis quickly wrote 6 more Narnia books,
publishing the final one, The Last Battle, in 1956. Although they
were not well received at first by critics and reviewers, the books
gained in popularity through word of mouth. The Narnia books have
since sold more than 100 million copies and are among the most
beloved books of classic children's literature.
After finishing the Narnia series, Lewis continued to write on
autobiographical and religious subjects, but less prolifically. Mainly
he was preoccupied with the health crises of his wife, Joy Gresham,
whom he married in 1956 and who died of cancer in 1960.
After her death, Lewis's own health deteriorated, and in the
summer of 1963 he resigned his post at Cambridge. His death, which
occurred on November 22, 1963 the same day President Kennedy
was assassinated, was only quietly noted. He is remembered,
however, by readers the world over, whom he has delighted and
inspired for generations.
B. Synopsis of The Chronicle of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and
The Wardrobe Movie.
At night when the Germans attacked England, the fourth
siblings of Lucy (Georgie Henley), Peter (William Moseley),
Edmund (Skandar Keynes), and Susan (Anna Peopplewell) was
sleeping tight. They woke up when the bombs and gun fire rained
down their homes. Then Mrs. Pevensie (Judy McIntosh), mother of
four brothers brought their children to take refuge in the basement.
Because the atmosphere of their home is unsafe and divested
by the war, then Mrs. Pevensie decided to send her child to the house
of Prof. Digory Kirk (Jim Broadbent) that located in the edge of
England.
Arriving in the city, they were picked up by an assistant of
Prof. Digory Kirk named Mrs. Macready (Elizabeth Hawthorne). He
is someone who is stiff and too many rules. When the bight started
before, they feel bored staying in the house. Then they decided to
play in order not to feel lonely. Lucy, the youngest brother asked to
play hide and seek. They all were enthusiastic. It’s time for Peter to
stand guard. Edmund, Susan, and Lucy run to find hiding places.
Lucy chose to hide in a large cupboard in which there were
many large coats. He also walked the cabinet until the end. However,
Lucy feel amazed when he saw a pine tree leaves in the cupboard. He
kept walking until finally finding a place filled with snow. The place
was called Narnia.
She walked straight up then found a lamp post. When Lucy
looked around, suddenly she meets a strange creature. That was
considered as human legged animals. The man is a Faun named Mr.
Tumnus (James McAvoy). They met, and then he invited Lucy to
drop by his house. Actually Mr. Tumnus have a bad intend to Lucy.
He wants to denounce to the White Witch if he found a human being
in Narnia. But, he does not straighten out his intention. Mr. Tumnus
apologized to Lucy because he wanted to harm her. He told to Lucy
immediately return to her world and leave Narnia because The White
Witch wants her to kill.
Lucy returned to her world and tells the events they
experienced to her siblings. They do not believe it and think Lucy
was just hallucinating. Unbeknownst to the three brothers, she was
return to Narnia. Secretly, Edmund follows Lucy from behind.
Edmund continue to looking for Lucy in Narnia. But, he meets the
Evil White Witch (Tilda Swinton). Edmund was given a cup of hot
chocolate and Turkish delight, his favorite food. All the food he gets
by magic from The White Witch. She is promise to provide as much
Turkish delight as long as he is able to bring the three siblings to
Narnia.
Lucy and Edmund return to their world, but Edmund was still
pretending not to know about Narnia. The next morning they were
playing softball together in the yard. Edmund accidentally smashed a
window. Four of them run helter skelter into the wardrobe.
In the world of Narnia, Lucy invites her brothers to see Mr.
Tumnus. Arriving there, the house had been ransacked and The
White Witch is leaving a message on his wall. Out of the house they
met with Mr. and Mrs. Beaver who took them to dinner in the
dam. At his home, Mr. Beaver told the four Pevensie Brother that
Tumnus has been taken away by the Evil White Witch and he said
that
Aslan
has
returned.
He was
waiting
for them on
the
stone table. The four brothers did not understand the meaning of the
words of Mr. Beaver. Then he explained that there are forecasts that
indicate if soon there are four son of Adam who reigned in Cair
Pavarel and they can destroy the power of the white witch.
When they are bound
in
conversation,
suddenly
the shipment
wolf from the white witch came to attack. It was also the time for
Edmund escaped from the house of Mr. Beaver.
They were finally able to escape from criminal attack and
hide. Edmund, who was running away from home Mr. Beaver, left
the residence of The White Witch. In the courtyard of his palace
filled with stone statues. Edmund met The White Witch and
immediately asked for the other.
But
they
did
not
participate
and
this is makes the
white witch angry and take him to the prison, near to the prison of
Mr. Tumnus, Peter, Susan, and Lucy as well as Beaver couples long
journey to find Edmund. Mr. Beaver knew that Edmund went to see
The White Witch. They passed a very long frozen river. When they
tired of walking, suddenly there was someone who rode the train ice
from the back. They run to seek shelter.
They decided to hide in a cave. However, there is
a sound approach. They thought that there was a White Witch who is
seeking a third man to be killed. Apparently he is not The White
Witch, but a Father Christmas (James Cosmo) who always gives
gifts to children at Christmas. He knew that the four siblings would
later become the ruler in the land of Narnia. Then Father Cristmas
gives Peter a sword, Susan is given bow and arrow, and Lucy was
giving magical healing cordial and a small dagger.
They continue their trip to found Aslan for asking his help.
Until the middle of frozen waterfall, the wolf troops returned to harm
them, they want to kill them. But the ice had melted so that the water
even more profusely. They are caught between the sieges of the wolf.
They are in complicated situation, then Peter decided to implant his
sword to the ice in order they can escape from the troop. They can
reach the edge of the river, but Lucy is lost. They can’t find her, but
suddenly Lucy come from behind, she save.
They finally reached the place in which Aslan and his army
gathered. Peter shows his sword and asked to meet with Aslan.
They meet Aslan for asking to help Edmund who under arrested
of The White Witch. When Susan and Lucy are on the edge of the
river, suddenly
the
wolf
came again
attacked. They
want
to kill Susan and Lucy. But she give to Peters that he knows they’re
in danger. Peter uses his sword against the wolf and kills him.
Aslans’s troops helped drive out the wolves.
Elsewhere, Edmund has
been rescued by Aslan's army who
came to the place hiding a white witch. Edmund was brought to the
place where his brothers are. This apparently makes The White
Witch furious because he lost her precious prisoners she has. After
getting together with his brother Edmund, he decide to remain help
the citizens of Narnia from the Evil White Witch.
They began practicing for
war. But
at the
same
time
the white witch came to meet Aslan. All the forces of Aslan looked
with a ferocious face. They do not like the wicked witch came to
the camp. The Witch came to reclaims her prisoner who has been
betrayed. Accordance with previous agreements, a traitor must be
killed. Aslan invited The White Witch to speak his room.
The contents of the talks only those who know, but he did
not ask Edmund back. All the people in there were happy except
Aslan. He looks like hiding something. The night come and all
people was sleep tight but Aslan not. He is going out from the tent.
Lucy heard a strange sound, so she decided to go out. She saw Aslan
walking into the woods. Susan and Lucy woke to follow Aslan from
behind. He is known if they were following him then he stopped and
forbade them to follow again.
Susan and Lucy keep following Aslan from the back. Aslan
met The White Witch to replace Edmund’s punishment. He went to
the stone table, a place which a traitor should be killed. There, The
White Witch was waiting with her troops. Aslan was tied and
then dragged to
the
table of
stone. Its
fur was
shaved until
exhausted. The witch was stabbed with a sharp knife. Apparently this
is the covenant between Aslan and the White Witch when he asked
Edmund. The White Witch and her army just left Aslan’s in a state of
life less. Lucy and Susan who had been seen from a distance could
only cry. After The White Witch and her friends go, they come to
Aslan and giving a warm hug as an expression of sadness.
In different places, Peter getting the news that The White
Witch and her army already killed Aslan and they will come to fight
an Aslan’s army. He told Oreius (Patrick Kake) to prepare an army
against the forces of The White Witch. All the troops were
deployed to defend their country and Aslan. They also involved a
tense battle.
Susan and Lucy return to help their brothers who are fighting.
As they descended the stairs, they fell and cracked the stone table
and Aslan disappeared. Suddenly he appears along with the rising
sun. Turned out to curse the traitor does not apply to Aslan because
he sacrificed for Edmund, so, he is not going to die. Aslan go to turn
the citizens who had converted into stone by The White Witch.
Aslan, Susan, and Lucy return to join the battle with
additional army and Mr. Tumnus too. This war was very tense, many
people are died in this war. Edmund was the one of victim that hurt.
Lucy who give a magic medicine from Father Christmas treat
Edmund with it. Finally, The White Witch died at the hands of
Aslan.
The war was over, the four siblings were brought to the King
and Queen in Narnia. They became rulers in Cair Pavarel and also in
the world of Narnia. But at the same time it’s time for Aslan to
go. He'll come back when people need it.
Year was changed and they become adults. They rode out
into the woods and found a lamp post again. They remembered that it
was the way to return in their world. Then they entered in the
wardrobe which still full of coats that took them some time ago to
the land of Narnia. Coming out of the cupboard they go back to its
original age. They returned to the house of Prof. Digory Kirk and
their world.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDING
A. Elements of Literary in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch
and The Wardrobe Movie.
In this chapter, the author answers all the problems that exist in the
problem statement is contained in chapter I. The authors will explore what
figurative language is used by C. S. Lewis in The Chronicles of Narnia: The
Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe movie. In addition, this chapter also
discussed the issue of playing the character in the film, characterization,
theme, plot, point of view, language, and dialogue contained on it. To further
information of the element will be described one by one.
1. Character / Characterization
In literary work there are character and characterization to describe
the main actor on the story or films. Characterization is the process of
conveying information about characters in narrative or dramatic works of
art or everyday conversation (Merriam, 2008:4). It is often listed as one of
the fundamental element of fiction.
Character are extremely important because they want which are the
medium through a reader interacts with a piece of literature. Every
character has his or her own personality, which a creative author uses to
assist in forming the plot of a story or creating a mood.
Characterization can be divided into three groups, they are
Protagonist, Antagonist, and Foil character. Here is the description of each
characterization.
The protagonist is always the focal point of the action of a story,
the character that the story is most obviously about (Bokesch, 2008:11).
He is usually in the forefront of the action, and usually has the most to say,
whether we like or approve of him or not. It could be called as the main
character of the story.
The antagonist is the main person or thing or force that opposes the
protagonist (Bokesch, 2008:11). Then, Foil is a character who provides a
contrast to the protagonist (Bokesch, 2008:11).
In fiction, character refers to a textual representation of a human
being. A character is a participant in the story, and it usually a person, but
may be any persona, identity, or entity whose existence originates from a
fictional work or performance. It is a basic element in much imaginative
literature, and therefore they merit the considerable attention paid to them.
Characters are divided into two parts, they are major and minor characters.
a. Major Character
The major character is the most important character in the story.
They have good and bad quality. In this movie, there are Peter, Susan,
Edmund, and Lucy.
1) Peter Pevensie
Peter, one of the protagonist characters, is the oldest of the
Pevensie siblings. He is willing to accept the responsibility given
by his mother to keep his siblings while they are far away from
home. He was very fond of his sisters, especially Lucy. As a
brother, he is always liable as if he was a temporary father
replacement for both his little sister. It’s just brotherly relationship
between Peter and Edmund are less so close. They often conflict.
At first, Peter disbelieves Lucy's stories about Narnia, but changes
his mind when he sees it for himself. He was willing to travel a
long and dangerous when it asked for help from Aslan to save
Edmund from the hands of a White Witch. He is a leader who can
evoke the passion of Narnian soldiers. He is hailed as a hero for his
part in the overthrow of the White Witch. He is eventually crowned
High King of Narnia, and becomes known as King Peter the
Magnificent. The example dialogue of Peter Pevensie:
Peter: Come on, Lucy. We have to stick together now. (00:04:41)
Everything's gonna be all right. It’s gonna be fine.
(00:04:44)
We're very sorry, sir. It won't happen again. (00:36:44)
It's our sister, sir. Lucy. (00:36:47)
But shouldn't we at least take a look around? (00:41:04)
I think Lucy should decide. (00:41:07)
Don't worry, Lu. We'll think of something. (00:43:54)
It's my fault, really. (01:21:59)
I was too hard on him. (01:22:02)
2) Susan Pevensie
Susan is the second oldest of Pevensie children. He is an
independent girl. Susan helped Peter to care for younger siblings.
She does not believe in Narnia until she actually goes there. Susan
is true to her role of older sister. She is practical, motherly, and
bossy. She can often be selfish, and as she grows older seems to
grow more fearful and stubborn. Her practical nature often keeps
her from believing immediately in magic or in the supernatural,
and eventually cuts her off from Narnia altogether. Another strong
trait is her gentility. Though Susan can fight and does on occasion,
she is known more for her preference for leniency over bloodshed.
She is crowned Queen of Narnia, and becomes known as Queen
Susan the Gentle. As Queen, she is also diplomatic and generous.
When she realizes herself to be in error, she is usually immediately
very sorry. She is the protagonist characters. The example of
Susan’s dialogue:
Susan: Well, that was nicely handled. (00:26:00)
All right. Now we really should go back. (00:43:33)
If he was arrested just for being with a human, (00:43:38)
I don't think there's much we can do. (00:43:40)
She thinks she's found a magical land. (00:37:01)
In the upstairs wardrobe. (00:37:04)
Susan: Wait! Will you think about this for a minute? (01:12:02)
Peter: We don't have a minute.
Susan: I'm just trying to be realistic. (01:12:04)
Peter: No, you're trying to be smart. As usual. (01:12:07)
3) Edmund Pevensie
Edmund is the third oldest of the Pevensie children. He has
a foil characters on this story. He is very different from the others.
Edmund has always felt neglected by his brothers. He always
wanted to be a king, like Peter. Edmund lied when he entered into
the world of Narnia with Lucy. In Narnia he meets the White
Witch, who plies him with treats (Magical Turkish Delight) and
smooth talk. Tempted by the White Witch's promise of power and
seemingly unending supplies of Turkish delight, Edmund betrays
his siblings. In the world of Narnia, Edmund known as a traitor
because he was willing to pledge his brother’s life to Jadis, The
White Witch. However, he finally realized that Jadis is The Evil
Witch. Edmund joined with Peter to fight The White Witch. He
eventually regrets his actions and repents. After he helps Aslan and
the good denizens of Narnia defeat the White Witch, he is crowned
King of Narnia with his brother and becomes known as King
Edmund the Just. The example of Edmund’s dialogue:
Edmund: Hey, get off. I know how to get on a train by myself.
(00:04:19)
Shut up! You think you're Dad, but you're not!
(00:25:54)
The White Witch: I would very much like to meet the rest of your
family. (00:32:36)
Edmund: Why? They’re nothing special. (00:32:42)
The White Witch: Oh, I'm sure they're not nearly as delightful as
you are. But you see, Edmund, I have no children
of my own. (00:32:52)
And you are exactly the sort of boy who I could
see, one day, becoming Prince of Narnia.
(00:32:58) Maybe even King. (00:33:04)
Edmund: Really? (00:33:07)
The White Witch: Of course, you'd have to bring your family.
(00:33:10)
Edmund: Do you mean Peter would be king too? (00:33:14)
The White Witch: No! No, no. But a king needs servants.
(00:33:21)
Edmund:I guess I could bring 'em.(00:33:25)
4) Lucy Pevensie
Lucy is the youngest Pevensie child. She is the first to
discover the land of Narnia when she slips through the magical
wardrobe in the professor's house. Lucy is the most faithful out of
all her siblings, which is why she saw Aslan across the gorge and
her brother's and sister didn't. When Lucy tells her three siblings,
they don't believe her. Peter and Susan think she is just playing a
game, but Edmund persistently ridicules and teases her about it.
Lucy loves animals, and makes friends with many creatures; and
was sad to see that all of Narnia was invaded by humans. But she is
full of courage, and is much more adventurous than her sister,
Susan, which is why she never stopped believing in Narnia. Lucy
has a great desire to help others, and uses her cordial that was
given to her by Father Christmas. Lucy is the closest to Aslan, and
often seeks his guidance. Despite being called a "liar", Lucy has
come to forgive her siblings, which is why she is a very admirable
character; she still has a loving heart and can forgive anyone. After
the restoration of Narnia, Lucy is crowned Queen of Narnia with
her sister Susan, and becomes known as Queen Lucy the Valiant.
Here is the dialogue between Lucy as the protagonist character:
Mr. Tumnus
: Please allow me to introduce myself. My name is
Tumnus. (00:17:00)
Lucy : Pleased to meet you, Mr. Tumnus. I'm Lucy Pevensie.
(00:17:04)
Lucy: Peter, Peter, wake up! Peter, wake up! (00:34:57)
It's there! It's really there! (00:34:59)
Peter: Lucy, what are you talking about?
Lucy: Narnia! (00:35:01)
It's all in the wardrobe like I told you! (00:35:04)
Peter: You've just been dreaming, Lucy.
Lucy: But I haven't! I saw Mr. Tumnus again! And this time
Edmund went too. (00:35:10)
b. Minor Character
Minor character must necessarily remain flat. It is in a bit or
cameo part. This is not straight involved to the forming of conflict, but
it is involved conflict itself. Minor character almost always flat or two
dimensional characters. They have only one or two striking qualities.
Their predominant quality is not balanced by an opposite quality. They
are usually all good or all bad.
1) The White Witch
The White Witch is the land's self-proclaimed queen. She is
the major antagonist character on this movie. As a curse upon her
Narnian subjects, she began the Long Winter, thus earning her the
title, the "White Witch" She magically forced Narnia into a
hundred-year state of frozen snow and ice during her reign. Her
cruelty eventually evoked the Narnians into a triumphant uprising
known as the Winter Revolution. She tyrannizes Narnia through
her magically imposed rule. Her spell on Narnia has made it
"always winter but never Christmas" for a hundred years. When
provoked, she turns creatures to stone with her wand. She fears the
fulfillment of a prophecy that "two sons of Adam" and "two
daughters of Eve" will come to Narnia and help Aslan overthrow
her. Her name Jadis appears in one proclamation in this book, and
Lewis's later prequel The Magician's Nephew tells of her origin and
how she came to the Narnian world. This is the example of The
White Witch dialogue:
The White Witch : Oh, I'm sure they're not nearly as delightful as
you are. (00:32:44)
I suppose you're not a total loss then, are you?
(00:55:36)
Our guest is hungry. (00:55:56)
This way for your num-nums. (00:56:04)
Maugrim? (00:56:10)
You know what to do. (00:56:15)
I was there when it was written. (01:32:40)
Then you'll remember well that every traitor
belongs to me. (01:32:44)
His blood is my property. (01:32:49)
Did you honestly think by all this that you
could save the human traitor? (01:40:58)
You are giving me your life (01:41:05)
and saving no one.(01:41:08)
2) Mr. Tumnus
Tumnus, a faun, is the first person Lucy meets in Narnia.
Tumnus befriends her, despite the White Witch's standing order to
kidnap any human who enters Narnia. After getting to know Lucy,
he changes his mind about handing her over to the witch. He is
betrayed accidentally by Edmund, who tells the White Witch that
Lucy met a faun. The Witch arrests Tumnus and turns him to stone.
He is later restored to life by Aslan. Tumnus was a male Faun, a
former servant of the White Witch, and later, a high official in the
Kingdom of Narnia. This is the conversation between Mr. Tumnus
and Lucy:
Lucy: I was just, um... I didn't want to scare you. 00:15:40
If you don't mind my asking... what are you? 00:15:45
Tumnus: Well, I'm a... [sighs] Well, I'm a faun. 00:15:50
And what about you? 00:15:53
You must be some kind of beardless dwarf? 00:15:55
Lucy: I'm not a dwarf! I'm a girl! 00:15:58
And, actually, I'm tallest in my class. 00:16:03
Tumnus: You mean to say that you're a Daughter of Eve? 00:16:11
Lucy : What? No presents for a hundred years? (00:19:58)
Tumnus : Always winter, never Christmas. (00:20:02)
It's been a long winter. (00:20:04)
3) Aslan
Aslan was the first known living creature in Narnia. He possesses
an extraordinary power to create and changes the existence of
Narnia. He possesses a powerful exalted in Narnia where all of the
creatures loyalty and revere Aslan. He is the highest and powerful
king from all of Narnia’s kings. His word is sovereignty. He is a
wonderful listener, and a responsible person, he take care of
everyone. He is calm, wise, patient, and every one always depends
on him. Here is the dialogue of Aslan as protagonist characters.
Aslan: I know, dear one. (01:22:13)
But that only makes the betrayal all the worse. (01:22:15)
This may be harder than you think. (01:22:18)
Peter, I will do what I can to help your brother, (01:23:24)
but I need you to consider what I ask of you. (01:23:29)
Welcome, Peter, Son of Adam. (01:21:16)
Welcome, Susan and Lucy, Daughters of Eve. (01:21:19)
And welcome to you, Beavers. You have my thanks.
(01:21:23)
But where is the fourth? (01:21:27)
4) Professor Kirke
The Professor is a kind gentleman who takes the Pevensie children
in when they are evacuated from London. He is the only one who
believes that Lucy did indeed visit Narnia and tries to convince the
others of her veracity. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe hints
that he knows more of Narnia than he wants to tell. The example of
Prof. Digory Kirk dialogue:
Prof. Digory Kirk: But first of all, I think this one is in need of a
little hot chocolate. (00:36:25)
Come along, dear. (00:36:28)
You seem to have upset the delicate Internal
balance of my housekeeper. (00:36:39)
No, no, no, not her. The forest. (00:37:25)
You're not saying you believe her?
You don't? (00:37:27)
Well, if she's not mad and she's not lying,
(00:37:46)
then logically we must assume she's telling the
truth. (00:37:48)
5) Father Christmas
Father Christmas was the gift-bearing figure in the World
of Narnia who came to good creatures in Narnia the night before
Christmas. It is unknown where he lived. However similar to
Earth's Father Christmas he could have lived in the far north. When
the Long Winter seemed inevitably dissolving, Father Christmas
appeared for the first time in a full century, wearing a bright red
robe with a hood and fur lining. He drove a sledge with brown
reindeer and sported a white beard, round stomach, and had a
cheery presence. He is one of the protagonist characters. The
examples dialogue of Father Christmas.
Father Christmas
: No. For a long time. (01:09:13)
But the hope that you have brought, Your
Majesties, (01:09:16)
is finally starting to weaken the Witch's
power. (01:09:20)
Still, I dare say you could do with these.
(01:09:24)
6) Mrs. Pevensie
She is the mother of Pevensie family. She is willing to send
her children far from her to save them. She is a mother who loved
their children very much. This is the dialogue of Mrs. Pevensie:
Mrs. Pevensie : You need to keep this on, darling.
All right? (00:03:08)
You warm enough? Good girl. (00:03:11)
[Woman] Say hello to Auntie Laura.
Goodbye, darling, we love you. (00:03:14)
7) Mrs. Macready
Mrs. Macready was the surname of the elderly housekeeper
of Professor Kirk’s House who also acted as a tour guide when
sightseers arrived to explore the historical mansion. Mrs. Macready
seemed to have a strong dislike for children and the Pevensies were
always sure to keep out of her way. The dialogue of Mrs.
Macready:
Mrs. Macready: And, as such, there are a few rules we need to
follow. (00:08:32)
There will no shoutin'. (00:08:36)
Or runnin'. No improper use of the dumbwaiter.
(00:08:38)
No touchin' of the historical artifacts! (00:08:43)
And above all, (00:08:49)
there shall be no disturbin' of the professor.
(00:08:51)
8) Oreius
Oreius was a commander who is very strong. He was the
most loyal people to Aslan. He is also a figure who has chosen by
Peter to raise an army against The White Witch. The example
dialogue of Oerius:
Oerius
:Then he has betrayed us all! (01:21:50)
The Witch's army is nearing, sire.
What are your orders? (01:47:04)
9) Maugrim
Maugrim was a ferocious talking wolf and the head captain
of the White Witch's Secret Police at the very end of the Long
Winter. He was loyal to the White Witch. Maugrim first led the
raid of Tumnus' Cave where the Faun Tumnus was captured and
his home left in tatters. Here, Maugrim left a letter to warn and
intimidate others passing by, making an example of Tumnus.
Maugrim encountered the human boy Edmund Pevensie while
guarding the White Witch's Castle courtyard after Edmund mistook
him to be a stone wolf. The example dialogue of Maugrim:
Maugrim: Be still, stranger, or you'll never move again. (00:53:14)
Hmm. My apologies, fortunate favorite of the queen.
(00:53:25)
Or else, not so fortunate. (00:53:30)
Lost something, have we? Don't patronize me!
(00:59:27)
I know where your allegiance lies. (00:59:30)
We're looking for some humans.(00:59:33)
10) Mr. and Mrs. Beaver
Beavers were a type of semi-aquatic rodent found in the
world of Narnia. They were some of the most industrious,
practical, and social creatures in Narnia. Beavers were constantly
found in charge of all manner of construction projects (like
building dams for their homes) and were known to have a network
of useful holes and hideaways throughout the countryside. Beavers
were always busy with something. Two beavers helped the
Pevensie children get to Aslan's Camp and help out in the First
Battle of Beruna. In The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe, Mr.
Beaver is presumably the second Narnian Lucy meets; he gives her
the handkerchief she gave to Mr. Tumnus, before he was arrested
by the chief of police, Maugrim, on behalf of the White Witch.
Here are the examples of Mr. and Mrs. Beaver dialogue:
Mr. Beaver: Come on. We don't want to be caught out here after
nightfall. (00:46:21)
Ah, blimey! Looks like the old girl has got the kettle
on. (00:46:39)
Nice cup o' Rosy Lee. (00:46:42)
Lucy: It's lovely.
Mr. Beaver: It's merely a trifle. (00:46:44)
Still plenty to do. Ain't quite finished it yet. (00:46:47)
It'll look the business when it is, though. (00:46:49)
Mrs. Beaver: Beaver, is that you? I've been worried sick!
(00:46:53)
If I find you've been out with Badger again, I...
(00:46:56)
Well, those aren't badgers. (00:47:01)
Oh, I never thought I'd live to see this day. (00:47:03)
Look at my fur. You couldn't give me ten minutes
warning? (00:47:09)
Mr. Beaver: I'd have given a week if I thought it would've helped.
(00:47:12)
2. Theme
Theme in literature is often regarded as the author’s way to
communicate and share the ideas, perception, and feeling with the readers.
According to Kennedy, the theme of the story is general idea or insight the
entire story reveals and in some the theme is unmistakable and is seldom
obvious (1983:103). To derive the theme of a story or film, we must ask
what its central purpose is: what view of life it supports or what insight
into life it reveals.
The theme in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and
The Wardrobe movie deals with the struggle between good and evil to
reach a happy life.
3. Setting
A setting can create an atmosphere that will help produce the
particular quality and effect of the story. Setting is the place of incident; it
refers to the point in time and place at which the events of the plot occur
(Kennedy, 1983:38).
The setting maybe slight, vague, sparsely detailed, or full and
sharply detailed. Setting, quite simply, is the story’s time and place. While
setting includes simple attributes such as climate or wall décor, it can also
include complex dimensions such as the historical moment the story
occupies or its social context. According to Klarer, setting conduce
location, historical period and social environment of the story which the
action in dramatic work (1998:25). Setting divided in two, they setting of
place and setting of time.
a. Setting of place
The location of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and
The Wardrobe movie.
1) Mrs. Pevensie’s House
This house is the first place for the fourth siblings to stay before the
world war.
2) Mrs. Pevensie’s Shelter
This shelter is used to protect them from the guns and bombs.
3) At the Station
The place for train stop, that brought them to London.
4) Coombe Station
Coombe Station is the place where the four siblings waiting for
Mrs. Macready to pick up them.
5) Professor Digory Kirke's House
Old Professor's House was the mansion in the countryside where
the young Pevensie children went to live during the World War II
air raids. It was ten miles from the closest train station and two
miles from the nearest post office.
6) The wardrobe
The wardrobe was a magical portal in Professor Kirke's House that
linked Earth through to the world of Narnia.
7) Lamp-post
The Lamp-post was a major landmark in the country of Narnia,
located in the north-western area populated by Dryads and Fauns,
which was named Lantern Waste after it. Resembling a London
streetlamp it stood in the middle of the forest and shone day and
night. It was at the lamp-post that Lucy Pevensie first met Mr.
Tumnus.
8) The world of Narnia
The nation of Narnia, often and officially the Kingdom of Narnia
was guarded over by Aslan, the Great Lion, and was filled with
humans, talking animals and other more mythical creatures. Narnia
was a land of rolling hills rising into low mountains to the south,
and was predominantly forested except for marshlands in the north.
9) Mr. Tumnus’s House
Mr. Tumnus House is the place where Tumnus and Lucy had tea
and he played her a tune on His Narnian flute.
10) Beaver's Dam
Beaver's Dam was originally the abode of Mr. and Mrs. Beaver
who aided the Pevensies in fleeing from the Witch's Secret Police
and became the first base of the Narnians against Queen Jadis
before the unification of Aslan's Army at Aslan's Camp, at the start
of the Winter Revolution.
11) In the Cave
This cave is a place where Lucy, Peter, Susan, Mr. and Mrs.
Beaver hiding from chase of The White Witch, and also they are
meeting with Father Christmas.
12) Aslan’s Camp
Aslan’s Camp is the place where Aslan and his troops gather to
against The White Witch.
13) The White Witch Palace
Her palace is full of stone (dwarf and faun that frozen), and ice.
14) The Stone Table
The Stone Table was the table on which the White Witch tied
Aslan before killing him. When Aslan was resurrected according to
the Deep Magic the Stone Table cracked in two. The Deep Magic
is written upon the Table.
15) Castle Cair Paravel
Cair Paravel was the peninsula, then island capital of the Kingdom
of Narnia, a spectacular citadel and the abode of kings and queens
from the dawn of time. The four siblings are having throne in this
place.
b. Setting of time
C. S. Lewis as the author of this movie makes setting of the time
during World War II that took place in England which is about 1940.
While in the world of Narnia itself, it makes setting of the time in 1000
in Narnian years.
4. Plot
According to Klarer, plot is the logical interaction of the various
thematic element of a text which leads to change of original situation as
presented at the outside of narrative (1998:14). It is a literary term for the
events a story comprises, particularly as they relate to one another in a
pattern, a sequence, through cause and effect, or by coincidence.
According to Perrine (1970:58), plot is the sequence of incidents or events
of which a story composed. Here is the Freytag on plot:
a. Exposition
It is concerned with introducing characters. These elements
maybe largely presented at the beginning of the story, or may occur as
a sort of incidental description throughout. It is the introduction to the
characters, their relationship with one another, and the physical
background in which they find themselves and so on (Little, 1970:83).
In this movie, the exposition is shown when the four
Pevensie children, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy are evacuated
from London because of the air raids during World War II. They are
sent to a very old house to stay with Professor Kirk. One boring, rainy
day the
children play
hide
and
seek.
Lucy
hides
in
a
large wardrobe stored away in a bare spare room. Through this, she
enters another world called Narnia. She meets a faun, Mr. Tumnus,
who takes her back to his house for tea. He tells her that Narnia is
always winter and never Christmas because of the White Witch. Lucy
wakes with a start after falling asleep at his house, and gets back to the
real world through the wardrobe. She tells her brothers and sister what
happened, and they don't believe her, especially since she's only been
gone a few seconds. Later one night, Edmund sneaks away to see
the wardrobe on his own, and also get into Narnia. He runs into the
White Witch, who, acting sweetly, gives him magical refreshments and
ploys, him to bring his brother and sisters back to her castle to meet
her. Lucy finds out that Edmund has been to Narnia, but he lies and
tells Susan and Peter that he's only playing along with Lucy.
b. Rising Action
It is the part of plot in which the drama intensifies, rising toward
the climax. Rising action is the central part of the story during which
various problem arise, leading up to the climax.
The scene when the rising action shown is when the four
Pevensie entered the Narnia World. They try to go to Mr.
Tumnus's house, but he has been arrested by the White Witch, who is
not the real ruler of Narnia. The children meet up with two animals,
Mr. and Mrs. Beaver. They try to help the children, but Edmund
sneaks away to the castle of the White Witch to tell her that his brother
and sisters are in Narnia. She finally shows him her cruelty by locking
him in her prison. She gets her wolves to track down the children and
the Beavers. On their way, they hear that "Aslan is on the move."
Aslan is a lion who is the true ruler of Narnia. Everyone is happy to
hear this, and, as if to confirm their hopes, they run into Father
Christmas which means that Christmas is coming and the witch's
power is weakening. They found Aslan to asking his help to release
Edmund. The White Witch angry and asked Edmund again to bringing
back with her.
c. Climax
The climax is the high point of the story, where a culmination of
events creates the peak of the conflict. The plot’s most dramatic and
revealing moment, usually the turning point of the story. It is the point
at which the fatal step taken, the essential decision made which result
in the action concluding one way or the other (Little, 1970:84).
In this movie, the climax shown in the scene when Aslan come to
the Stone table to see The White Witch. He is sacrifice him self to
replace Edmund’s punishment. In stone table, The White Witch and
their troops killed Aslan then the battle begin. The White Witch and
her Troops attack Aslan’s troops to take away the Narnia world.
d. Falling Action
The part of the plot after climax, when the drama subsides and
the conflict is resolved. It is happened when one of the people in
conflict lost his power. This is the part of the falling action of this
movie.
The falling action is when the stone table crack and Aslan life
again. Aslan, who revealed to them the Deeper Magic from before the
Dawn of Time stated that when an innocent sacrifices himself for a
traitor, the Stone Table would crack, and death itself turn backwards.
They went to the Witch's castle, and freed her prisoners. Then they
joined a battle between Aslan's army, and the Witch’s, which had
started earlier that morning. When it was all over, Aslan had killed the
Witch, and the children were crowned High King Peter the
Magnificent, Queen Susan the Gentle, King Edmund the Just, and
Queen Lucy the Valiant.
e. Resolution
Resolutions are rounds out and conclude the action. Conflicts are
resolved, creating normality for the characters and sense of catharsis,
or release of tension and anxiety. It is the rounding off of the action,
the conclusion, one way or the other of the conflict (Little, 1970:85).
The resolution shown in this action, many years later, when the
children are grown into adults, they're on a hunt for a white stag. The
stag leads them back to the place where they entered Narnia. They go
back
through
the wardrobe,
and
they're
back
at
Professor
Kirke's house. And, as if our time has stood still, they're the same age
they were when they entered Narnia at the beginning of the story.
5. Point of View
Point of view is whose eyes the story is told through. According to
Perrine, it is who tells the story, and, therefore, of how it gets told, has
assumed especial importance (1978:123).
Point of view is essential element in building a story. Mean while,
according to Kennedy point of view is the identity of the narrator in the
story, describing any part of player in the events and any limits placed
upon the knowledge (1983:18).
This point of view that used in this movie is omniscient. In the
omniscient point of view everything is seen, everything is known. This
technique, frequently used in the nineteenth century, is seldom used today.
In the omniscient point of view, the story is told by the author, using
the third person, and his knowledge and prerogatives are unlimited. It is
clear show this point of view is omniscient yet it is limited to the Pevensie
children. The focus changes between them from time to time, so that
Lewis can point out their feelings and the like, yet he doesn’t do this for
any other people. I like this and think that it is very well done because it
lets one get in touch with the main characters and shows what they are
going through without revealing everything about every character.
6. Language
Language is a symbol of arbitrary sound. This arbitrary is ways of
communicating by using sounds and symbol. It is. Figurative language
uses "figures of speech", a way of saying something other than the literal
meaning of the words.
In The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
movie, C. S. Lewis as an author used an English as daily activities. Beside
that, he also used figurative language to stir the reader's imagination and
bring out the emotion and understanding that can't be expressed by the
words dictionary meaning alone. He used metaphor and hyperbole in the
dialogue of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The
Wardrobe movie.
Mr. Tumnus : You must be some kind of beardless dwarf? (00:15:55)
Mr. Tumnus:Well, then, Lucy Pevensie from the shining city of War
Drobe. (00:17:31)
7. Dialogue
It refers to the word choices made by the playwright and the
enunciation of the actors delivering the lines. Dialogue delivered by the
characters moves the plot and action along, provides exposition, and
defines the distinct characters. Here is the example of dialogue among
Aslan, Susan and Lucy:
Aslan : Shouldn't you both be in bed? (01:36:27)
Lucy : We couldn't sleep. (01:36:32)
Susan : Please, Aslan. (01:36:36)
Couldn't we come with you? (01:36:38)
Aslan : I would be glad of the company
for a while. (01:36:40)
Thank you. (01:36:45)
B. Using of Figurative Language in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The
Witch and The Wardrobe Movie.
In this chapter, the authors will describe the use of figurative
language in the film. As explained in chapter II, figurative language is one
which literally in compatible term, forces the readers to attend the connotation
rather than to the denotation. It is certainly true that the presence of figurative
language often seems to increase at points of emotional and dramatic intensity,
like the soaring violins at scenes of sexual passion or dramatic tension in
Hollywood film (Bennett, 1995:67).
Figurative language itself is divided into three major categories, the
author would classify the use of the word according to its specification in
order to see clearly the differences between one another. Generally, the writer
may conclude the using of figurative language in The Chronicles of Narnia:
The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie that show in the table below:
Table 4.1
Table concludes the using of figurative language in The Chronicles of Narnia:
The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie.
No
The kind of Figurative Language
Example dialogue
1.
Perhaps we've been incorrectly labeled.
2.
Small favors.
3.
The sheets feel scratchy.
4.
Metaphor
You must be some kind of beardless
dwarf?
5.
You mean to say that you're a Daughter
of Eve?
6.
I bring grave news from your sisters.
7.
Didn't I tell you about the field in the
cupboards?
8.
Your reward is your life.
9.
But battles are ugly affairs.
10.
Why can't you just do as you're told?
11.
He looks a lot like you.
12.
No, I'm not very much like him at all,
really.
Oh, I'm sure they're not nearly as
13.
delightful as you are.
14.
Simile
I shouldn't have encouraged her, but
you know what little children are like
these days. They just don't know when
to stop pretending.
15.
You seem to have upset the delicate
internal balance of my housekeeper.
16.
You might just try acting like one.
17.
It's not like there isn't air inside.
18.
Yeah? Well, you look an awful lot like
one of the bad ones.
Though you don't seem to have a
19.
problem making yourself heard, blow
on this and wherever you are, help will
come.
20.
I'm not as young as I once was.
21.
Just catching my breath.
22.
Numbers do not win a battle.
23.
Fall back! Draw them to the rocks!
Personification
That’s the signal. Come on!
24.
They need to know. The trees.
25.
The woods are full of her spies.
26.
But tomorrow, we will take Narnia
forever!
Metonymy
27.
She has renounced her claim on the Son
of Adam's blood.
28.
This is an awfully big wardrobe.
29.
Look, just because some man in a red
coat hands you a sword, it doesn't make
you a hero! Just drop it!
30.
The Great Cat is dead!?
31.
Best to keep your eyes open.
32.
But we saw the knife. The Witch.
33.
Symbol
That when a willing victim who has
committed no treachery is killed in a
traitor's stead, the Stone Table will
crack and even death itself will turn
backwards.
34.
I have no interest in prisoners.
35.
His blood is my property.
36.
Synecdoche
When you're ready, Son of Adam.
Aslan knows that unless I have blood,
37.
as the law demands,
38.
Paradox
If the Witch knew the true meaning of
sacrifice, she might have interpreted the
Deep Magic differently.
If Dad were here, he wouldn't make us
39.
go.
If Dad were here, it'd mean the war was
40.
over and we wouldn't have to.
41.
You've just been dreaming, Lucy.
42.
Edmund said they were only
pretending.
May your wisdom grace us until the
43.
stars rain down from the heavens.
To the glistening Eastern Sea, I give
44.
you Queen Lucy the Valiant.
To the great Western Wood, King
45.
Hyperbole
46.
Edmund the Just.
To the radiant Southern Sun, Queen
Susan, the Gentle.
47.
And to the clear Northern Sky, I give
you King Peter, the Magnificent.
48.
You are giving me your life and saving
no one.
all of Narnia will be overturned and
49.
perish in fire and water.
It's only just around the corner. And
50.
there'll be a glorious fire.
You take one more step, traitor, and I'll
51.
chew you to splinters!
You've made me feel warmer than I've
52.
felt in a hundred years.
53.
I'm such a terrible faun.
54.
Then I'm afraid you've had a very poor
Litotes
sampling.
I don't suppose saying we're sorry
55.
would quite cover it.
That's all we'll catch at this rate. What
56.
did he say, Susan? "Wait in the castle.
Irony
57.
I'll get the stag myself."
Did you honestly think by all this that
you could save the human traitor?
58.
Do you want some milk?
59.
Behold. The great lion.
60.
I'm sure it's just your imagination.
Here is the detail information about the using of figurative language in
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie.
1. Comparative Figurative Language
Comparative is compares two things that are different in enough
ways so that their similarities, when pointed out, are interesting, unique
and or surprising. This type of figurative is divided into metaphor, simile,
personification and metonymy.
a. Metaphor
Metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is
made between two things usually unlike. This is a similar device in
which the words as and like are not used (James, 1989:13).
Accordance to Reaske in Albertine Minderop (2005:53), usually a
metaphor is created trough the use of some from of the verb “to be”.
Here is a metaphor used in the dialogue of The Chronicles of Narnia:
The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie.
1)
Susan: Perhaps we've been incorrectly labeled. (00:07:32)
The meaning : They are unloaded in a deserted place.
2)
Mrs. Macready: Small favors. (00:08:05)
The meaning : Macready thought it was the fourth child as a
small gift.
3)
Lucy : The sheets feel scratchy.( 00:09:18)
The meaning : The blanket was worn and not comfortable.
4)
Mr. Tumnus: You must be some kind of beardless dwarf?
(00:15:55)
The meaning : He thinks that Lucy is a kind of dwarf from the
world of Narnia.
5)
Mr. Tumnus: You mean to say that you're a Daughter of Eve?
(00:16:11)
The meaning: Tumnus just realized that Lucy was a human.
6)
Edmund: Didn't I tell you about the field in the cupboards?
(00:25:43)
The meaning : Edmund tried to make Lucy’s anger.
7)
Maugrim: Your reward is your life. (00:59:43)
The meaning : Maugrim threaten another wolf to surrender that
man.
8)
Father Christmas: But battles are ugly affairs. (01:10:02)
The meaning : He didn’t want this fight happen.
9)
Oreius: I bring grave news from your sisters. (01:46:08)
The meaning: Oreius bring bad news.
b.
Simile
To compare one object or idea with another to suggest they are
alike. James affirms that simile is a figure of speech in which a
likeness between two objects is directly expressed with the words as or
like (1989:12). The simile is itself ambiguous (Bennett, 1995:69). Here
is a simile used in the dialogue.
1) Peter: Why can't you just do as you're told? (00:02:48)
The meaning : Peter was angry because Edmund could not follow
his advice.
2) Lucy: He looks a lot like you. (00:19:20)
The meaning : Lucy said Tumnus look a lot like his father.
3) Tumnus: No, I'm not very much like him at all, really. (00:19:24)
The meaning : Tumnus does not want him confused with his
father.
4) The White Witch: Oh, I'm sure they're not nearly as delightful as
you are. (00:32:44)
The meaning :
The White Witch seduced Edmund tried to
persuade his brother into Narnia.
5) Edmund : I shouldn't have encouraged her, (00:35:43)
but you know what little children are like these days.
(00:35:45)
They just don't know when to stop pretending.
(00:35:48)
The meaning : Edmund lying in front of his two brothers.
6) Prof. Digory Kirk: You seem to have upset the delicate internal
balance of my housekeeper. (00:36:39)
The meaning : The four children had made Mrs. Macready angry.
7) Prof. Digory Kirk: You might just try acting like one. (00:38:04)
The meaning :Professor asks Peter and Susan to pretend
to believe it.
8) Edmund: It's not like there isn't air inside. (00:38:27)
The meaning : Edmund wants them just to play hide and seek.
9) Mr. Beaver: Yeah? Well, you look an awful lot like one of the bad
ones. (00:59:04)
The meaning : Beaver thought that wolf was the part of The
White Witch forces.
10) Father Christmas: Though you don't seem to have a problem
making yourself heard, blow on this and
wherever you are, help will come. (01:10:27)
The meaning : Father Christmas gives the message that they can
look after themselves.
11) Phillip (Edmund Horse’s): I'm not as young as I once was.
(02:09:40)
The meaning : He was no longer able to run fast.
c. Personification
Personification
is
the
process
of
assigning
human
characteristics to nonhuman objects, abstractions and idea (Reaske in
Albertine Minderop, 2005:53).
Perrine affirms that it is really a
subtype of metaphor, an implied comparison in which the figurative
term of the comparison is always a human being (1978:56). Here is the
figurative language that used in this movie.
1) Edmund: Just catching my breath. (02:09:47)
The meaning : Edmund tried to be pleasantries.
2) Peter: Numbers do not win a battle. (01:47:57)
The meaning : Peter is optimistic to win this fight.
3) Peter: Fall back! Draw them to the rocks! That’s the signal. Come
on! (01:55:53)
The meaning : Peter mentioned to his troops to outwit
4) Lucy: They need to know. The trees. (01:45:09)
The meaning : Lucy asked the trees to give news to Peter that
Aslan had died.
5) Mr. Tumnus: The woods are full of her spies. (00:23:26)
The meaning : He tried to guard against the enemy.
d. Metonymy
Metonymy is the use of a closely related idea for the idea itself
(Perrine, 1978:57). The substitution makes the analogy more vivid and
meaningful. Here is the metonymy in the dialogue.
1) The White Witch: But tomorrow, we will take Narnia forever!
(01:41:35)
The meaning : The White Witch wants to seize Narnia from
Aslan’s power.
2) Aslan: She has renounced her claim on the Son of Adam's blood.
(01:34:34)
The meaning : Aslan tells Susan and Lucy that the demand of the
witch has been canceled.
3) Lucy: This is an awfully big wardrobe.(00:16:54)
The meaning : Lucy expressed his admiration for Narnia.
4) Maugrim: Look, just because some man in a red coat hands you a
sword, it doesn't make you a hero! Just drop it!
(01:14:18)
The meaning : Maugrim told to Edmund to throw away his sword.
2. Imagery Figurative Language
According to Wellek image means a mental reproduction, a
memory, of a past sensational or perceptual experience, not necessarily
visual (1977:186-187). An image may also represent a sound, a smell, a
taste, a tactile experience, such as hardness, wetness, or cold; an internal
sensation, such as hunger, thirst, or nausea; or movement or tension in the
muscle or joints (Perrine, 1978:46).
a. Symbol
Symbol has given its name to a specific literary movement
(Wellek, 1977: 188). According to Pickering and Hoeper in Albertine
Minderop (2005:56), a symbol may be private (its meaning known
only to one person), original (its meaning defined by its context in a
particular and heritage). Here is the example of it.
1) The White Witch : The Great Cat is dead! ?(01:42:27)
The meaning : Aslan was dead.
2) Prof. Digory Kirk: [whispers] best to keep your eyes open.
(02:13:01)
The meaning : Professor asks Lucy did not forget Narnia.
3) Susan: But we saw the knife. The Witch. (01:54:17)
The meaning : Susan thought that Aslan was dead.
4) Aslan: That when a willing victim who has committed no treachery
is killed in a traitor's stead, the Stone Table will crack and
even death itself will turn backwards. (01:54:27)
The meaning : Aslan reveals facts behind the prediction.
b. Synecdoche
Synecdoche is the use of the part for the whole (Perrine,
1978:57). The using of synecdoche shown is:
1) The White Witch: I have no interest in prisoners. (01:49:34)
The meaning :
The
White
Witch
said
that
he did
not want Edmund.
2) The White Witch: His blood is my property. (01:32:49)
The meaning : He asked Edmund's life instead.
3) Mr. Beaver: When you're ready, Son of Adam. (01:05:53)
The meaning : Mr. Beaver invites Peter to continue his journey.
4) The White Witch : Aslan knows that unless I have blood, as the law
demands, (01:33:07)
The meaning : He warned about the agreement made with Aslan.
3. Contradictory Figurative Language
In this type of figurative, lot of things that compare very opposed
distant or even nothing at all.
a. Paradox
A paradox is an apparent contradiction which nevertheless
somehow true (Perrine, 1978:90). A statement or situation containing
apparently contradictory or incompatible elements, but on closer
inspection may be true. Here is the example of it.
1) Aslan: If the Witch knew the true meaning of sacrifice, she might
have interpreted the Deep Magic differently. (01:54:20)
The meaning : The White Witch does not know the truth.
2) Edmund: If Dad were here, he wouldn't make us go. (00:03:19)
The meaning : Edmund does not want to go to London, so he
made the argument.
3) Peter: If Dad were here, it'd mean the war was over and we
wouldn't have to. (00:03:21)
The meaning : Peter tries to calm Edmund.
4) Peter: You've just been dreaming, Lucy. (00:35:07)
The meaning : Peter did not believe what was said by his sister.
5) Peter : Edmund said they were only pretending.(00:37:38)
The meaning : He gave an explanation to Professor that it was
all an illusion.
b. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is simply exaggeration, but exaggeration in the service
of truth (Perrine, 1978: 91). A bold, deliberate overstatement not
intended to be taken literally; it is used as a means of emphasizing the
truth of a statement. Here is the example of it.
1) Aslan: May your wisdom grace us until the stars rain down from
the heavens. (02:07:29)
The meaning : Aslan pray for the glory of his country.
2) Aslan: To the glistening Eastern Sea, I give you Queen Lucy the
Valiant. (02:06:21)
The meaning : Aslan elect Lucy into Narnia queen.
3) Aslan: To the great Western Wood, King Edmund the Just.
(02:06:53)
The meaning : Aslan raised Edmund became the King of Narnia.
4) Aslan: To the radiant Southern Sun, Queen Susan, the Gentle.
(02:07:01)
The meaning : Aslan elect Susan became The Queen of Narnia.
5) Aslan: And to the clear Northern Sky, I give you King Peter, the
Magnificent. (02:07:10)
The meaning : Aslan raised Peter became the King of Narnia.
6) The White Witch: You are giving me your life and saving no one.
(01:41:05)
The meaning : The Witch try to ask Aslan go.
7) The White Witch : all of Narnia will be overturned and perish in
fire and water.(01:33:11)
The meaning : This is a consequence that must be covered if they
break the agreement.
8) Mr. Tumnus: It's only just around the corner. And there'll be a
glorious fire. (00:17:50)
The meaning : Tumnus tried to persuade Lucy to come to his
house.
9) Mr. Beaver: You take one more step, traitor, and I'll chew you to
splinters! (00:58:57)
The meaning : Mr. Beaver angry to the wolves.
10) Mr. Tumnus: You've made me feel warmer than I've felt in a
hundred years. (00:24:17)
The meaning : He thinks that Lucy can make him feel comfort.
c. Litotes
Litotes is the presentation of a thing with under emphasis in
order to achieve a greater effect. Here is the example of it.
1) Mr. Tumnus: I'm such a terrible faun. (00:22:21)
The meaning : Tumnus feel sorry for harming Lucy.
2) Mr. Tumnus: Then I'm afraid you've had a very poor sampling.
(00:22:32)
The meaning : Tumnus tried to apologize to Lucy.
3) Peter: I don't suppose saying we're sorry would quite cover it.
(00:40:19)
The meaning : Peter feels guilty for not trusting her.
d. Irony
Verbal irony is a figure of speech when an expression used is
the opposite of the thought in the speaker's mind, thus conveying a
meaning that contradicts the literal definition. The using of Irony on
the dialogue:
1) Lucy: That's all we'll catch at this rate. What did he say, Susan?
"Wait in the castle. I'll get the stag myself." (02:09:51)
The meaning: Lucy tried to tempt Edmund who told him to just
remain silent in palace.
2) The White Witch: Did you honestly think by all this that you could
save the human traitor? (01:40:58)
The meaning: The White Witch quip Edmund as human traitor.
3) The White Witch : Do you want some milk?(01:39:03)
The meaning : The witch was intended to mock Aslan.
4) The White Witch: Behold. The great lion. (01:38:34)
The meaning : The witch was intended to mock Aslan.
5) Lucy: I'm sure it's just your imagination. (00:40:16)
The meaning : Lucy tried to insinuate his brother who did
not believe him.
C. Denotative Meaning and Connotative Meaning.
In traditional analysis, words in literal expressions denote what they
mean according to common or dictionary usage, while the words in figurative
expressions connote they add layers of meaning. To convert an utterance into
meaning, the human mind requires a cognitive framework, made up of
memories of all the possible meanings that might be available to apply to the
particular words in their context.
The basic part of this meaning is its denotation or denotations: that is, the
dictionary meaning or meanings of the word (Perrine, 1978:32). The meaning
of denotation is also referred as cognitive meaning because the meaning was
related to awareness or knowledge, stimulus (from the speaker) and response
(from the audience) about the things that can be absorbed by the
consciousness and the human ratio.
The connotations are what it suggests beyond what it expresses: its
overtones of meaning (Perrine, 1978:32). Connotative meaning is a kind of
meaning in which stimuli and responses contain the emotional values.
In
a conversation in this
film, a
lot
of mixing
of the
use
of
denotation and connotation meaning that are used by C. S. Lewis. Generally,
the writer may conclude the denotation and connotation contained in the
dialogue of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
movie that show in the table below:
Table 4.2
Table concludes the denotative and connotative meaning in The Chronicles of
Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie.
No
The Kind of Meaning
Example Dialogue
1.
Edmund said they were only pretending.
2.
I have no interest in prisoners.
3.
Perhaps we've been incorrectly labeled.
4.
The sheets feel scratchy.
Denotative
Lucy, the only wood in here is the back of the
5.
wardrobe.
6.
Why can't you just do as you're told?
7.
I bring grave news from your sisters.
8.
Small favors.
9.
10.
Connotative
You must be some kind of beardless dwarf?
Even some of the trees are on her side.
11.
Didn't I tell you about the field in the cupboards?
12.
Your reward is your life.
13.
But battles are ugly affairs.
14.
The time to use these may be near at hand.
15.
Tonight...the Deep Magic will be appeased!
16.
Oh, I'm sure they're not nearly as delightful as you
are.
17.
You seem to have upset the delicate internal
balance of my housekeeper.
18.
It's not like there isn't air inside.
19.
Yeah? Well, you look an awful lot like one of the
bad ones.
20.
Just catching my breath.
21.
Numbers do not win a battle.
22.
They need to know. The trees.
23.
The woods are full of her spies.
Here is the detail information about the denotative and connotative
meaning in the dialogue of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch
and The Wardrobe movie.
1. The Denotative meaning in the dialogue
The denotation meaning is the actual meaning. This usually means not
artificial or genuine. It is accordance with the meanings in the dictionary.
a. Peter : Edmund said they were only pretending.(00:37:38)
Denotative: He gave an explanation to Professor that it was all an
illusion.
b. The White Witch: I have no interest in prisoners. (01:49:34)
Denotative: The White Witch said that he did not want Edmund.
c. Susan: Perhaps we've been incorrectly labeled. (00:07:32)
Denotative: They are unloaded in a deserted place.
d. Lucy : The sheets feel scratchy.( 00:09:18)
Denotative: The blanket was worn and not comfortable.
e. Susan : Lucy, the only wood in here is the back of the
wardrobe.(00:25:19)
Denotative: Susan tried to explain that there are no forests in the
cupboard.
f. Peter: Why can't you just do as you're told? (00:02:48)
Denotative: Peter was angry because Edmund could not follow his
advice.
g. Oreius: I bring grave news from your sisters. (01:46:08)
Denotative: Oreius bring bad news.
2. The Connotative meaning in the dialogue
The connotative meaning is not the real meaning or metaphor meaning.
The using of words is more variation and show the attractive words.
a. Mrs. Macready: Small favors. (00:08:05)
Connotative: The fourth child was described as a gift.
b. Mr. Tumnus: You must be some kind of beardless dwarf? (00:15:55)
Connotative: Tumnus had never seen Lucy before, so he said it.
c. Mr. Tumnus: Even some of the trees are on her side. (00:23:31)
Connotative: he said as if the trees could act like a human.
d. Edmund: Didn't I tell you about the field in the cupboards? (00:25:43)
Connotative: Edmund say that to tease and make Lucy angry.
e. Maugrim: Your reward is your life. (00:59:43)
Connotative:
These are
the
words
of the
threat to make the
opposition side fear.
f. Father Christmas: But battles are ugly affairs. (01:10:02)
Connotative: He said that war is something dangerous.
g. Father Christmas: The time to use these may be near at hand.
(01:10:43)
Connotative: it is near the time to war.
h. The White Witch: Tonight...the Deep Magic will be appeased!
(01:41:24)
Connotative: The great power has been lost because Aslan has died.
i. The White Witch: Oh, I'm sure they're not nearly as delightful as you
are. (00:32:44)
Connotation: This is an expression to persuade Edmund took his
siblings.
j. Prof. Digory Kirk: You seem to have upset the delicate internal
balance of my housekeeper. (00:36:39)
Connotative: They are disturbing the peace of servants.
k. Edmund: It's not like there isn't air inside. (00:38:27)
Connotative: Edmund felt uncomfortable playing with his brother.
l. Mr. Beaver: Yeah? Well, you look an awful lot like one of the bad
ones. (00:59:04)
Connotative: Beaver sarcastic the wolf.
m. Edmund: Just catching my breath. (02:09:47)
Connotative: Edmund tried to be polite.
n. Peter: Numbers do not win a battle. (01:47:57)
Connotative: Peter is optimistic to win this fight.
o. Lucy: They need to know. The trees. (01:45:09)
Connotative: Lucy asked the trees to give the news to Peter that Aslan
has died.
p. Mr. Tumnus: The woods are full of her spies. (00:23:26)
Connotative: He tried to guard against the enemy.
D. Message Conveyed in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch
and The Wardrobe Movie.
Each of literary work has a message. The message is something to be
conveyed
by
the
writer
to
the
reader
or audience
of the
film,
either implicitly or explicitly. For the literary work especially movie, the
message to moviegoers are usually more clear and effective because the
audience is not only reading but also see the grooves for the flow of the story.
The movie is also an excellent medium for providing a good influence
and guidance to the moviegoers.
The message contained in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The
Witch and The Wardrobe movie is the importance of a sense of mutual trust
among humans, especially to relatives. This condition support in Holly Quran
as stated in the Qur'an Surah Al Hujurat verses 10-12:
           
10. The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your
brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy.
In this film also demonstrated how powerful a sacrifice of someone
who is able to destroy arrogance and evil of others. This is show in Holly
Quran as stated in the Qur'an Surah Al Kausar verses 1-3:
            
1. Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar.
2. So pray to your Lord and sacrifice [to Him alone].
3. Indeed, your enemy is the one cut off.
CHAPTER V
CLOSURE
A. Conclusion
After analyzing The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch
and The Wardrobe movie, she got 60 (sixty) figurative language in the
dialogue of the movie. In this research the writer found 10 kinds of
figurative language. In this chapter the writer would like to draw the
conclusions as follows:
1. There are 10 figurative expressions in three categories:
a. Comparative Figurative Language:
1) Metaphor: Perhaps we've been incorrectly labeled.
2) Simile: He looks a lot like you.
3) Personification: The woods are full of her spies.
4) Metonymy: This is an awfully big wardrobe.
b. Imagery Figurative Language:
1) Symbol: The Great Cat is dead!?
2) Synecdoche: His blood is my property.
c. Contradictory Figurative Language:
1) Paradox: If the Witch knew the true meaning of sacrifice,
she might have interpreted the Deep Magic differently
2) Hyperbole: To the radiant Southern Sun, Queen Susan, the
Gentle.
3) Litotes: I'm such a terrible faun.
4) Irony: Behold. The great lion.
The writer concludes that sentences in The Chronicles of
Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe movie’s dialogue, the
percentage of figurative language are (simile 19%, metaphor 15,8%,
hyperbole 15,8%, personification 9%, paradox 9%, irony 7,9%,
metonymy 6,3%, symbol 6,3%, synecdoche 6,3%, litotes 4,9%.
2. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
movie have many connotation and denotation meanings based on
figurative meanings result (denotation 37% and connotative 67%).
3. Based on the message of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The
Witch and The Wardrobe movie, the writer thinks that the author
wants to tell the moviegoers that trust and sacrifice can give a
power to someone.
B. Suggestion
To close this paper, the writer would like to give some suggestion as
follow:
1. For the Moviegoers
The writer assumes that movie as entertainment medium for
us. Usually watching a movie can give the inspiration, suggestion,
messages, and motivation of life.
This is important for us to pay attention to the movie that
we are watching. The writer hopes that moviegoers not only
enjoying the movie but also can see the positive side and take it to
imply in their life.
2. For a language learner
Figurative language is a part of literature. Learning about
literary especially figurative expression is not only by reading a
book, but we also get it by watching movie. The figurative
language develops into poetry or prose. The writer suggests that
movie can be an excellent media for study figurative language. The
learning process becoming more attractive and interesting and it is
can completely remove the opinion of people that literature is
difficult
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