Chapter 34 – “The Enlightenment”
Directions: Respond to each of the following questions or prompts using
complete sentences. Remember, this is YOUR study guide. The greater the
effort here, the greater the achievement.
34.1 Introduction
What does the word Enlightenment refer to?
34.4 John Locke: Natural Rights
What is a constitutional monarchy?
Explain the purpose of salons during the Enlightenment.
What United States document would repeat Locke’s view of
government in 1776?
34.2 The Roots of the Enlightenment
How did the Scientific Revolution contribute to the
Enlightenment?
34.5 Montesquieu: Separation of Powers
How does Montesquieu’s work affect the United States today?
Be specific.
Explain how the Enlightenment had roots in both the Renaissance
and Reformation.
34.6 Voltaire: Religious Tolerance and Free Speech
Explain Voltaire’s greatest concern and his argument.
34.3 Thomas Hobbs: Absolute Rule by Kings
What does Hobbs’s book, Leviathan, describe?
34.7 Cesare Beccaria: The Rights of the Accused
Describe two practices Beccaria strongly objected to during his
time studying criminology.
34.9 Women of the Enlightenment
For each of the women below take a few notes on how each
contributed to the Enlightenment.
Madame Geoffrin-
1st:
2nd:
34.8 The Impact of the Enlightenment on Government
How were Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the
Great of Russia similar?
What document was created after the French Revolution? What
did this document guarantee the French people?
Abigail Adams-
Olympe de Gouges
Mary Wollstonecraft-
Vocabulary- Be sure to know the following terms. Although you will not have a specific vocabulary section you will see each
term used throughout the test.
Enlightenment-
natural rights-
Constitutional monarchy-
separation of powers
bill of rights-
despotism-
social contract-
religious tolerance