Autonomy and the socialisation of
architects
Article
Accepted Version
Imrie, R. and Street, E. (2014) Autonomy and the socialisation
of architects. The Journal of Architecture, 19 (5). pp. 723-739.
ISSN 1466-4410 doi: 10.1080/13602365.2014.967271 Available
at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/37904/
It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the
work.
To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2014.967271
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
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