A
2,205
2,616
569
1,888
•
•
•
•
-
-
—,
CottfSfld SY
OçV
60
129.6
1 23
L6
•a
•
-
•
-
s1tI.
I,..,.
MILK
1:18.0
3,290
7,524
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2,187
807
179
2,656
281
392
?L
2,163
161
3,673 • . L5%•
1,923 Wch..
15.641 Wis. ..
Won.
£;
243,552 Iowa
Mo.
FACTS
c77
ftJ
•j,c
s.P
• .
,
•
.
•
•
.
•.N.Y.
N •J
.i
Pcnna
. • .
• . •
• •
$k
14
167
14,592
372
408
2,120
fla
Ky
‘l’enn
25 Ala .•
•
• ..
615
Ori cDTaA
SOU1H’T
Ohio
md.
.111..
k’C
ill
Ch
2,649
809
$01114
S$
•
•
. .
9r•v
f%. •
•
01114 ø.fl
Me.
N.M.
Vt..
MaS.
RI..
Coon.
N. ‘1.
N. 3..
Peona.
‘hf0
.•..
Teon
Ma
Ms&
Ark
La
Wa
‘tow
.
840
...•
‘
639Ne
614 K
278 $
•1,O63’
2286
•
N
2Q
Vt.
• 29
•
MaM.
2,287 OW4
8
MILK 1 WAHTIME
America’s dairy industry is making
an outstanding record of war service
as billions of quarts of milk flow
through channels of processing and
distribution to the armed forces, war
workers, civilians and to our allies on
distant fronts.
Milk has been called the leading
wartime food. U.S. milk helps Ameri
can boys in military service attain
high nutritional standards; milk from
the farms of America reaches Great
Britain as cheese; Russia as butter;
China and Africa as powder; French
youngsters in evaporated form.
Our armed forces get fresh milk
daily except on distant fronts where
it can’t be had. Millions of quarts of
milk a day, huge quantities of butter,
cheese, ice cream and other dairy
products are consumed by service
men.
Built on the idea of delivering to
consumers every day in peacetime the
nation’s most widely used and perish
able food, the industry is now geared
to wartime service.
MILK
INDUSTRY
CURYSLER BUILDING
NEW YORK 17, N. Y.
FOUNDATION
II. L. RUST BUILDING
WASHINGTON 5, D, C.
1943 Edition
K
Milk and its products comprise over
25 per cent of the 1,700 pounds of
food consumed each year by the av
erage American. Consumers use 50
million quarts of fresh milk and cream
INDEX
a day through doorstep and store dis
tribution alone.
Programs to increase production
are being carried on to meet the great
est demand for milk in history. More
than 26 million U.S. cows on three
quarters of the nation’s six millionodd farms are involved in this effort
to produce a 57 billion-quart record
enough milk to fill a
goal in 1943
border of quart bottles 200 feet wide
along all our nation’s coast lines.
Milk is the largest single source
of farm cash income and was 15 per
cent of all farm income in 1942
larger than cattle or hogs, twice cot
ton, three times wheat, five times
tobacco. One out of every 15 U.s.
families is dependent on milk for a
livelihood.
The milk industry is helping the
war effort through nutritional pro
grams to improve civilian diets and
reduce man-hour losses. Industry
members are working with consum
ers, producers and officials on conser
vation measures. Expanded research
programs and participation in salvage
drives and bond sales campaigns also
aid the war.
Americans enjoy the best milk in
the world with sanitary safeguards
and widespread distribution that make
this milk supply an invaluable asset
in wartime.
—
—
Lz
Page
by years
6
Total Milk Cows Jan. 1st
1942 Total Milk Cows
by states
7
Value of Milk Cows
8
by states
Total Farm Milk Production
9
by years
1942 Farm Milk Production
10
by states
1942 Average Milk Production Per Cow
11
by states
.12
How 1942 U. S. Milk Supply Was Used
Creamery Butter Production in 1942
13
by states
1942 Cheddar Cheese Production
14
by states
Ice Cream Production in 1941
by states .15
16
Skim Milk and Buttermilk Products
17
U.S. Dairy Products for Lend-Lease
by years .18
Cash Farm Income from Milk
Cash Farm Income from Milk in 1942
19
by states
Cash Farm Income from Major Farm
Products, 1942
20
Farmer’s Share of Consumer’s Dollar
21
What Becomes of the Milk Distributor’s
Dollar
22
U.S. Per Capita Fluid Milk Consumption .23
U.S. Per Capita Consumption of Dairy
24
Products
Per Capita Consumption of Fluid Milk
25
by countries
Per Capita Consumption of Butter, Cheese—
26
by countries
27
Value of Milk in the Diet
Dairy Memoranda
28
References
30
Milestones of Milk History
31
—
—
—
—
...
—
.
—
.
.
.
—
—
—
.
—
.
—
.
—
.
.
TOTAL MILK COWS ON U. S. FARMS
DURING 1942
TOTAL U. S. MILK COWS
January 1st
in thousands (000 omitted)
V
NORTH ATLANTIC
4,837
1840
Me
N.H
Vt
Mass
R.I
Conn
N. y
N. I
Penna
-.
8,586
1860
;—ii
1I’-!-’
11,754
15,000
NORTH CENTRAL
16,544
1900
Ohio
md
Ill
Mich
Wis
Minn
Iowa
Mo
N.D
‘!-‘
‘!1!I
1
19,450
21,455
1920
124
68
273
134
21
117
1,345
154
900
1930____
s. o
./
Neb
Kan
1,056
790
1,100
963
2,319
1,715
1,446
986
532
485
654
773
SOUTH ATLANTIC
0
,
Table A
20,000
25,000 30,000
15.000
5,000
10000
THOUSANDS OF COWS (000 Omitted)
063
Del
Md
Va
Table B
35
202
428
W. Va
N. C
S. C
Ga
Fla
232
360
164
349
107
SOUTH CENTRAL
Ky
Tenn
Ala
Miss
Ark
La
OkIa
Tex
575
586
393
507
481
290
796
1,399
WESTERN
Mont
Ida
Wyo
Cob
N. M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
Wash
Ore
Calif
Total
159
240
67
227
74
46
105
20
348
260
754
25,159
___________
__
__
VALUE OF MILK COWS AND HEIFERS
ON FARMS, JAN. 7, 7943
TOTAL U. S. FARM MILK PRODUCTION
in thousands of dollars (000 omitted)
W. Va
N. C
S. C
Ga
Fla
NORTH ATLANTIC
Me
N. H
Vt
Mass
R. I
Conn
N. Y
N. 3
Penna
12,444
8,820
35,670
21,920
3,749
21,504
207,060
30,030
115,062
md
Ill
Mich
Wis
Mimi
Iowa
Mo
N. D
S. D
Neb
Kan
82,400
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Del
Md
Va
Table C
4,446
24,592
37,433
Ky
Tenn
Ala
Miss
47,736
43,332
27,594
33,234
Ark
32,160
La
Okia
Tex
112,682
130,816
113,904
294,240
191,880
166,752
89,420
58,976
51,840
73,528
77,615
1899
WESTERN
Total
18,165
24,206
6,930
25,338
6,889
5,406
10,416
2,200
38,016
24,969
82,530
20,841
f
IF
1919
IF!
1929
J
29,063
29,866
I31221
J
20,956
65,919
108,772
Mont
Ida
Wyo
Cob
N. M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
Wash
Ore
Calif
[8]
IF
1909
SOUTH CENTRAL
NORTH CENTRAL
Ohio
1889 IF!
19,197
28,200
13,067
24,242
7,872
IF
1939
fl
1940
1941
IF
1942
0
55460T!11
20, 30,000 40,000 50,000
MILLIONS OF QUARTS (000,000 Omitted)
10,000
.2,684,129
Table D
[9]
60,000
7942 U. S. FARM MILK PRODUCTION
7942 AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION
PER COW
in millions of quarts (000,000 omitted)
-
W. Va
387
N.
668
C
296.
Me.
273
162’ S. C
N.H.
521
682’ Ga
Vt.
164
380’ Fla
Mass
63’
R. I
SOUTH CENTRAL
331’
Conn
Ky
998
3,853
N. Y
973
/ Tenn
479
N. I
Ala
603
2,336
Penna
Miss
632
Ark
682
NORTH CENTRAL
La
306
2,343
Ohio
Okia
1,248
1,646
md
2,063
Tex
2,568
Ill
in quarts
NORTH ATLANTIC
--4
çyi
-I
-
Mich
Wis
Minn
Iowa
Mo
N. D
S. D
Neb
Kan
2,463
6,623
4,228
3,228
1,775
1,081-’
868
1,381
1,550
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Del
Md
Va
Table E
.‘
458
754
WESTERN
Mont
Ida
Wyo
Cob
N. M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
Wash
Ore
Calif
351
636
142
504
142
115
287
53
989.
689
2,413
.‘
J
55,460
Total
/7
NORTH ATLANTIC
Me
2,386
2,381
N. H
Vt
Mass
R. I
Conn
N. ‘
N. I
Penna
2,498
2,837
2,995
2,828
2,865
3,107
2,595
NORTH CENTRAL
Ohio
md
Ill
Mich
2,219
2,084
2,333
2,558
Wis
2,856
Minn
Iowa
Mo
N. D
S. D
Neb
Kan
.
2,465
2,233
1,800
.2,033
1,791
2,112
2,005
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Del
Md
Va
Table F
2,084
2,265
1,763
W. Va
N. C
S. C
Ga
Fla
1,665
1,856
1,665
1,493
1,535
SOUTH CENTRAL
1,735
Ky
Tenn
1,660
Ala
1,535
Miss
Ark
La
Okla
1,247
1,419
1,056
1,567
Tex
1,474
WESTERN
Mont
Ida
Wyo
Cob
N. M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
Wash
Ore
Calif
Liii
2,205
2,651
2,126
2,219
1,926
2,498
2,735
2,684
2,842
2,651
3,200
U. S. Average 2,204
HOW 7942 U. S. MILK SUPPLY
WAS USED
CREAMERY BUTTER PRODUCTION
IN 7942 BY STATES
in thousands of pounds (000 omitted)
NORTH ATLANTIC
Vt
N. Y
Penna
Other N. A.
States
SOUTH CENTRAL
1,940
27,590
15,450
325
NORTH CENTRAL
72,620
60,115
77,345
76,990
160,210
315,405
Ohio
md
Ill
Mich
Wis
Mimi
Iowa
Mo
N. D
S. D
Neb
Kan
247,810
75,920
64,760
44,710
94,430
76,270
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Md
Va
Other S. A.
States
....
Table G
-
t 12]
Table H
2,160
7,390
Ky
Tenn
Miss
Ark
Okia
Tex
Other S. C.
States
.
22,285
17,025
4,905
7,070
53,210
37,540
1,975
WESTERN
Mont
Ida
Wyo
12,575
37,825
3,105
23,500
2,820
1,860
8,695
1,865
34,350
30,340
50,700
Cob
N: M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
Wash
Ore
Calif
6,380
[13 1
Total
.
.
.
.1,779,465
CHEDDAR CHEESE PRODUCTION
IN 1942 BY STATES
ICE CREAM PRODUCTION
IN 1947 BY STATES
in thousands of pounds (000 omitted)
in thousands of gallons (000 omitted)
NORTH ATLANTIC
NORTH ATLANTIC
SOUTH CENTRAL
N. Y. 42,630
Other N. A.
States
2,645
Ky
Tenn
Miss
Okia
Tex
Other S. C.
States
NORTH CENTRAL
Ohio
md
Ill
Mich
Wis
Minn
Mo
Kan
Other N. C.
States
24,580
45,375
63,975
23,140
426,750
33,480
43,900
21,210
12,575
Ida
16,245
Utah
5,040
Wash
12,610
Ore
29,195
Calif
11,485
Other Western
States
5,265
15,005
1,360
Total
2,306
893
1,013
15,811
3,476
5,171
44,969
9,033
49,160
NORTH CENTRAL
WESTERN
SOUTH ATLANTIC
All S. A.
States
13,610
23,110
10,350
13,490
20,285
Me
N. H
Vt
Mass
R. I
Conn
N. Y
N. 3
Penna
917,310
.
Ohio
md
Ill
Mich
Wis
Minn
Iowa
Mo
N. D
S. D
Neb
Kan
26,830
11,262
25,963
19,886
11,053
9,304
8,459
11,226
1,267
1,662
3,610
4,108
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Production in 1942 of all other cheeses, ex
cluding cottage and skim totaled 200 million
pounds in addition to the above figures.
Del
D. C
Md
Va
Table I
Table J
E143
1,702
5,277
7,464
6,471
W. Va
N. C
S. C
Ga
F1a
4,049
6,294
1,560
3,708
4,422
SOUTH CENTRAL
Ky
Tenn
Ala
Miss
Ark
La
OkIa
Tex
3,311
6,464
3,754
2,363
1,709
3,692
4,006
15,298
WESTERN
Mont
Ida
Wyo
Cob
N. M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
Wash
Ore
Calif
[15 i
Total
1,579
1,034
471
3,326
568
1,009
1,388
245
5,443
3,558
23,548
390,175
4
_________________________________________
SKIM MILK AND BUTTERMILK PRODUCTS
in millions of pounds of skim milk
and buttermilk used
(000,000 omitted)
Dried skim milk
..
.
PERCENTAGE OF U. S. DAIRY PRODUCTS
USED FOR 1942 LEND-LEASE
CHEESE
1925
1935
1941
1942*
796
2,064
5,241
6,742
DRIED SKIM
MILK
Cottage, pot and
bakers’ cheese
23.O
..
.
372
685
1,172
1,225
CONDENSED
EVAPORAIED
Condensed skim
milk
613
899
1,519
1,693
223
548
832
810
Condensed or evapor
ated buttermilk
231
212
385
390
Dried buttermilk
...
.
Concentrated skim
milk (animal
feed)
Casein
Total
.
7.Z%
DRIED WHDLE
BUTTER
10
1,209
58
60
595
1,344
1,690
1,320
—
2,840
6,961 10,897 12,240
*Estjmated
The development by dairy companies of
more wartime uses for milk products is indi
cated by this table. Skim milk was once used
only as feed for animals.
Table K
MILK
t163
TOTAL
U.$.MILK
SUPPLY
96.6I
/FOR UNITED
SThTES
34% FOR LEND LEASE’
Table C
17]
________________________
________________
_________________
__________
CASH FARM INCOME FROM MILK
CASH FARM INCOME FROM MILK
IN 1942 BY STATES
in thousands of dollars (000 omitted)
NORTH ATLANTIC
?i’i’i’i’i’
111111111
II
II I I
“liii’ tjJIIillL
‘‘li’T’
1932
$986,000,000
1934
$1,144,000,000
.
1936
$1,459,000,000
Me
N. H
Vt
Mass
R. I
Conu
N. Y
N. 3
Penna
‘
16,530
9,806
37,791
30,398
4,638
25,169
221,963
38,008
138,160
NORTH CENTRAL
Ohio
md
Ill
Mich
Wis
Minn
Iowa
Mo
N.D
S. D
Neb
Kan
1938
$1,388,000,000
Table M
1940
$1,516,000,000
(181
1942
$2,332,000,000
113,077
76,258
111,198
110,542
278,771
141,535
101,023
63,222
28,417
23,486
38,794
49,322
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Del
Md
Va
Table N
4,197
29,709
28,339
W. Va
N. C
S.C
Ga
Fla
13,458
19,747
9,170
14,446
13,329
SOUTH CENTRAL
Ky
Tenn
Ala
Miss
Ark
La
Okia
Tex
30,885
31,963
12,853
17,125
17,918
11,183
38,128
74,091
WESTERN
Mont
Ida
Cob
N. M
Ariz
Utah
Nev
11,964
25,091
5,065
17,711
5,804
5,831
11,337
2,353
Wash
47,237
Ore
Calif
33,549
141,662
Wyo
[19]
Total
2,332,253
CASH FARM INCOME FROM MAJOR
FARM PRODUCTS, 7942
Cash Income
Product
Milk
Cattle and calves
Hogs
Poultry and eggs
Cotton and cottonseed
Wheat
Truck crops
Tobacco
Corn
Sheep and lambs
Potatoes
Citrus fruit
Soybeans
Wool
Apples
Hay
Oats
Flaxseed
Barley
Rice
Peaches
Grapes
Other farm products
Government payments
$ 2,332,253,000
2,305,019,000
2,197,873,000
1,647,742,000
1,458,669,000
836,570,000
645,080,000
483,344,000
480,368,000
308,062,000
300,508,000
242,074,000
231,349,000
157,235,000
155,531,000
115,313,000
111,187,000
96,073,000
91,902,000
86,552,000
86,169,000
85,633,000
1,025,582,000
696,748,000
$16,176,836,000
TOTAL
Table 0
FARMER’S SHARE OF CONSUMER’S
DOLLAR, 1942
t20]
Table P
£21)
U. 5. PER CAPITA FLUID MILK
CONSUMPTION
WHAT BECOMES OF THE MILK
DISTRIBUTOR’S DOLLAR
its’)
170
160
—
--
I
MILK
140
(IN. QUARTS)
0 11r1i11’i
1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942
Note: Figures cover urban and rural population and
include cream in terms of milk equivalent.
In quarts
This chart was made from figures covering
operating results of 141 milk distributing
companies in 33 states and the District of
Columbia with combined sales of $467,014,.
000 in 1941.Averoges are based on figures
submitted to the Harvard Bureau of Business
Research by the Milk Industry Foundation.
I
1924
163.81
1934
156.00
1925
164.28
1935
156.93
1926
164.70
1936
159.40
1927
164.23
1937
160.23
1928
164.51
1929
1938
165.63
158.37
1930
164.14
1939
161.02
1931
163.02
1940
160.65
1932
164.05
1941
162.84
1933
163.35
1942
177.26
(estimated)
Table Q
[22]
Table R
[23 1
U. S. PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
CONSUMPTION OF FLUID MILK
PER CAPITA WEEKLY
(IN POUNDS)1
YEAR
BUTTER
CHEESE
ICE CREAM
pounds
pounds
quarts
1926
1928
1930
18.0
18.5
17.5
17.3
1932
18.2
1934
18.3
1936
16.5
16.5
17.0
16.0
1924
1938
1940
1942
Table S
4.6
4.7
6.8
7.8
4.4
8.0
4.6
4.4
7.8
4.9
5.4
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.4
[24]
UNITED KINGDOM
5.0
2.0 P15. T4DULIS *
5.0 PIS.
3.51015 PTS. 18 & UNO€R*
7.4
8.5
9.4
12.7
*RAfl0Ifl
Table T
[ 25 ]
CONSUMPTION OF BUTTER, CHEESE
PER CAPITA WEEKLY
VALUE OF MILK IN THE DIET
WAR FOOD ADMINISTRATION—
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE:
UNITED STATES
“Milk does more for the body than any other
food. It provides high quality protein, calcium
and vitamins A and G cheaply.”
DR. CHARLES H. MAYO,
Late distinguished surgeon, Mayo Clinic:
1.8 01. CHEESE*
CANADA
AUSTRALIA
“Every person, young or old, should drink
milk. Milk contains a large variety of nutri
tional constituents and considering its cost per
pound more food for the money than any other
food material available.”
DR. H. C. SHERMAN,
Professor of Chemistry, Columbia University:
1.2 0Z. CHEESE
8.0 OZ. BUUER*
1.5 OZ. CHEESE
NEW ZEALAND
UNITED KINGDOM
“Increasing the proportion of milk in the
diet should add to the length of life. Intake of
calcium and vitamins A, C and G is easily and
economically secured by taking a moderately
high percentage of the needed calories in the
form of milk, fruit, vegetables and eggs. Milk
supplies all four of these chemical factors.”
DR. E. V. McCOLLUM,
Prof. of Biochemistry, Johns Hopkins University:
2.0 OZ. BUUER*
4.0 OZ. CHEESE’1’
1.5 0!. CHEESE
*RAIIONED
Table U
t261
“The people who have achieved, who have
become large, strong vigorous people, who
have reduced their infant mortality, who have
the best trades in the world, who have an
appreciation of art, literature and music, who
are progressive in science and in every activity
of the human intellect, are the people who
have used liberal amounts of milk and its
products.”
t 27 3
DAIRY MEMORANDA
NUTRITIVE VALUE:
A quart of milk
4 glasses
supplies ap
proximately these percentages of the daily
nutritive requirements of an average adult:
calcium 100%-f-, vitamin G 78%, phosphorus
69%, protein 46%, vitamin A 37%, niacin 30%,
vitamin B1 28%, iron 16%, vitamin C 7%.
—
WAR CONSERVATION:
Milk bottles and containers below one quart
are eliminated from distribution except where
milk is resold for consumption on the premi
ses or in factories, schools, offices, playgrounds
and similar places. Purchases by stores, res
taurants, hotels and similar establishments are
confined to not more than two distributors in
any three consecutive days unless delivery
from each is over 300 quarts. Milk is loaded
only on advance or standing orders; returns
and order cancellations are eliminated; de
posits charged on bottles, cans and cases.
These measures do not apply to rural areas
under 5,000 population.
—
PASTEURIZATION:
Government orders call for savings of 25%
or more in milk distribution tire mileage, in
cluding elimination of Sunday and special
deliveries and call-backs. Every-other-day de
livery is in effect in many sections. Crosshauling and truck saving plans are being
extended.
A process named for Louis Pasteur, scientist,
by which every particle of milk is heated to
not lower than 142°F. for not less than 30
minutes and promptly cooled to 50°F. or lower
to destroy any harmful bacteria. Another
method raises the temperature of milk quickly
to at least 160°F. for not less than 15 seconds,
followed by rapid cooling.
The first compulsory pasteurization law was
enacted in 1908 in Chicago. All milk for our
armed forces and 90 per cent of the fluid milk
supply in U.S. Cities of over 100,000 is pas
teurized. The U.S. Public Health Service says:
“The public health value of pasteurization is
unanimously agreed upon by health officials.
Pasteurization is the only measure known
which if properly applied to all milk will pre
vent all milk-borne disease.”
MILK IN WAR PLANTS:
GRADING:
In more and more war plants milk is being
used to improve employees’ health and coun
teract fatigue. Reductions in accidents with
an improvement in safety; less absenteeism
due to illness; increased production during
hours of fatigue low-points are reported where
milk is being served between meals or added
to diets. Milk is also reported to counteract
the toxic effect of munitions powder.
Milk is often graded A, B, etc. according to
local regulations based on conditions under
which it is produced and handled from the
standpoint of bacteria count, quality, cleanli
ness, etc.
TIRE MILEAGE:
C 28 ]
VITAMIN D MILK:
Milk that is fortified with vitamin D, the
vitamin with the special property of preventC 29 1
ing rickets. Three methods are in use: direct
exposure of milk to ultraviolet light, feeding
cows irradiated yeast, adding vitamin D con
centrates to milk.
Milestones of Milk flistory
1611
1624
HOMOGENIZED MILK:
When milk is homogenized the butterfat is
broken up under mechanical pressure and even
ly distributed throughout the milk. There is no
cream line in homogenized milk as the fat
globules are held in suspension in the milk.
1841
CONVERSIONS:
1884
One quart of milk weighs 2.15 lbs. To make
a pound of butter 9.77 quarts of milk are re
quired, 4.65 quarts for a pound of cheese. One
quart of milk is required for a pound of evap
orated milk, 3.72 quarts for a pound of pow
dered whole milk.
—
1856
1878
1886
1890
1892
COWS:
The principal breeds of U.S. dairy cows are:
imported in 1822, origin County
Ayrshire
imported in
Ayr, Scotland; Brown Swiss
imported
1869 from Switzerland; Guernsey
in 1818, origin Islands of Guernsey and
imported from Holland
Alderney; Holstein
imported from Island of
in 1857; Jersey
Jersey in 1815.
—
1893
—
—
—
—
WORKERS:
Workers employed in processing and de
livering dairy products total 250,000.
REFERENCES
U.S. Department nf Agriculture;
Tables A-K, M-P, R-S
U. S. Department of Agriculture and Office of
Table L
Milk Industry
Lend-Lease Administration; Table Q
Foundation and Harvard Bureau of Business Research;
U. S. Department of Agriculture and official
Tables T-U
source in each country.
—
—
—
—
1 30 1
Cows arrive for Jamestown Colony.
Devonshire cows reach the Plymouth
Colony.
First regular shipment of milk by rail
Orange County to New York City.
Pasteur experiments start.
Continuous centrifugal cream separator
invented by Dr. Gustav De Laval.
Milk bottle invented by Dr. Hervey D.
Thatcher, Potsdam, N. Y.
Automatic bottle filler and capper pat
ented.
Tuberculin testing of dairy herds in
troduced. Dr. S. M. Babcock perfects
test for fat content of milk and cream.
Certified milk originated by Dr. Henry
L. Coit in Essex County, N. J.
Nathan Straus depots for pasteurized
milk open in New York City.
Pasteurizing machines introduced.
Paper single-service container patented.
First compulsory pasteurization law
(Chicago) applying to all milk except
that from tuberculin tested cows.
Automatic rotary bottle filler and cap
per perfected.
Tank trucks used for transporting milk.
Insulated milk tank cars introduced.
Methods of increasing Vitamin D in
milk made practicable.
Fluid milk included in Army ration.
Textiles made from milk casein.
Wartime milk delivery conservation
program inaugurated.
1895
1906
1908
1911
1914
1924
1932
1933
1938
1942
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