COURSE NAME: Nuclear Medicine Physics & Equipment
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
Name: ______________________________
DATE: 22/01/2016
I-
ID: ____________
243 RAD – 1ST ASSESMENT
Complete:
TOTAL
_____ _____
40
20
1. The term radioactive refers to the emission of particles and/or energy from
unstable _______.
2. About 300 of the 2,450 isotopes mentioned above are found in nature. The
rest are man-made, that is they are produced ________.
3. Gamma is an electromagnetic wave or photon which has no electrical charge
and has great penetrating _________.
4. Spontaneous fission is a very destructive process which occurs in some heavy
nuclei which split into 2 or 3 fragments plus some _________.
5. Certain nuclei which have an excess of neutrons may attempt to reach stability
by converting a neutron into a ________ with the emission of an electron. The
electron is called a beta-________ particle, we can represent what occurs as
follows:
________________________________________________________________
6. When the number of protons in a nucleus is too large for the nucleus to be
stable it may attempt to reach stability by converting a _______ into a neutron
with the emission of a positively-charged electron, also called a _________,
the positron is the beta-_______ particle. We can represent the decay scheme
as follows: :
________________________________________________________________
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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COURSE NAME: Nuclear Medicine Physics & Equipment
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
7. In electron capture form of beta decay an inner orbiting electron is attracted
into an unstable nucleus where it combines with a proton to form a
_________. This process is also known as __-capture since the electron is often
attracted from the K-shell of the atom. The reaction can be represented as:
________________________________________________________________
8. The filling of the vacancy is associated with the emission of an __-ray photon.
9. The difference between X-ray and ɣ-rays is not what they _________ but
where they come from.
10. An example of Isomeric transition; a type of gamma decay, is that of
technetium-99m - which by the way is the most common radioisotope used
for ____________ purposes today in medicine.
11.Chemical
reactions
can
be
thought
of
as
interactions
between
________________, while radioactivity can be thought of as changes which
occur within _____________.
12.1 eV = 1.602×10-19 ________.
13.1 AMU = 1.66 x 10-24 _______.
14.One electron volt (eV) is defined as the amount of energy _______ by an
electron as it falls through a potential difference of one ______.
15.The nucleus can have two component particles
16.___________ (no charge)
17.___________ (positively charged) .
18.Neutrons and protons are collectively called ___________.
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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COURSE NAME: Nuclear Medicine Physics & Equipment
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
19.The isotope Carbon 13 has 7 neutrons;
Quantify,
Its Nuclear Number
___
Its Atomic Number ___
20.The mass of a proton is about ________ to that of a neutron - and is about
1,840 times that of _________.
21.The Atomic Number specifies the number of _____ in a nucleus.
22.The Mass Number specifies _____________________________ in the nucleus.
23.Isotopes are different variants of elements having the same atomic number
but ___________ mass numbers.
24.The atomic mass unit (A.M.U.) is defined as 1/___ the mass of the stable, most
commonly occurring isotope of carbon; C-12.
25.The binding energy is defined as the energy needed to counteract the
electrostatic __________ between the protons.
26.A radiopharmaceutical is either a radionuclide (also called _________) alone,
such as iodine-131 or a radionuclide that is attached to a _______ (a drug,
protein, or peptide) or particle, which when introduced into the body by
_______, _______, or ______ accumulates in the ______ or ______ of
interest.
27.The power of nuclear medicine in clinical diagnosis rests with its ability to
detect altered function with great ___________________ .
28.Nuclear medicine has contributed not only to clinical diagnosis but, to an
extent unmatched by other imaging methods, to an understanding of disease
____________.
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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COURSE NAME: Nuclear Medicine Physics & Equipment
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
II-
True or false (correct the wrong sentences):
1. The binding energy is defined as the energy needed to counteract the
electrostatic attraction between the protons ( ).
2. In most stable isotopes the binding energy per nucleon lies between 7 and 9
MeV ( ).
3. When the number of protons increases the number of neutrons must increase
more rapidly to contribute sufficient energy to bind the nucleus together ( ).
4. Spontaneous fission is not considered as radioactive decay (
).
5. Fragments appear from the Spontaneous Fission form new nuclei which are
usually radioactive ( ).
6. After β – minus decay the atomic number decreases by 1 and mass decreases
slightly ( ).
7. After β – plus decay the atomic number decreases by 1 and mass decreases
slightly ( ).
III-
Differentiate between (just write the associated formula):
 Electron Emission
 Positron Emission
 Electron Capture
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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COURSE NAME: Nuclear Medicine Physics & Equipment
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
IV-
In Internal conversion and in Beta-minus decay we know that there is an electron
could be ejected from the atom; differentiate between these two processes;
- Change in Atomic number;
- Change in Nuclear number;
- Source of ejected electron;
- X-Ray emission;
- Electron’s energy;
V-
What is the common change inside the nuclei in Electron Capture and Beta-plus
Decay?
VI_ Calculate:
1. Convert 0.0058 MeV to Joules.
____________________________________________.
2. How many grams dose the nuclei lose after alpha emission?
_______________________________________________.
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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COURSE NAME: Nuclear Medicine Physics & Equipment
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
VII.
Why decay schemes is used?
__________________________________________________________________
VIII.
Hydrogen-3 decays to Helium-3 with a half-life of 12.3 years through the emission of
a beta-minus particle with an energy of 0.0057 MeV.
Could you draw its decay scheme?
IX.
Write down on this decay the name of the decaying process.
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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