Newsletter of the Department of Mineral Sciences
Volume 3, Number 3
In this Issue
 NMNH Rock Festival
 New Permanent Exhibit:
Dom Pedro Aquamarine
 New Acquisitions for the
Gem and Mineral
Collections
| Rocks ∙ Meteorites ∙ Gems ∙ Volcanoes ∙ Minerals |
Winter 2012
From the Chair
The Fall turned out to be an eventful time in the
Department of Mineral Sciences. We started off
on a high note with the Rock On! Family Festival,
which brought together staff from Education, Mineral Sciences and Anthropology together with
outside groups to share the excitement of rocks
with the public. From flintknapping to curing
concrete to touching a meteorite, the public got to
experience nearly every aspect of what we do with
rocks in this Museum. Our sponsor was the Rocks
Build America Foundation of the National Stone,
Sand and Gravel Association. Adam Blankenbicker, who is shared between Mineral Sciences
and Education deserves a special tip of the cap for
organizing such a great event.
At the other end of the season, many of us just
returned from the annual meeting of the American
Geophysical Union in San Francisco. With 20,000
geoscientists from around the world, it’s one of the
biggest academic conferences of the year and
spans the range from space physics to properties of
the Earth’s core. It was my first year at AGU and I
have to say it is something to see.
I hope you each find 2013 to be safe, happy and
productive!
-Tim McCoy
Rock On!
On September 29, 2012 the
museum hosted Rock On!, a
free family festival about geology and rocks in our lives.
Seventeen members from the
Department of Mineral Sciences contributed to the festival, either on the floor with the
public, or had helped out with
preparing materials. A few
members from Anthropology
also participated. Even though
only about 16,000 visitors visited on this Saturday, low for
that time of year, an estimated
12,000 participated in the festival in some form or another,
making the event a large success.
The festival was made possible
through a gift provided by the
National Stone, Sand and
Gravel Association.
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Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Education & Outreach—Rock On! Festival
Members of the Mineral Sciences
Visitors to the
NMNH Rock
Festival were able
to experience a
wide range of
events. For
example, visitors
could create their
own geologyinspired art by
marbleizing paper,
which they were
able to take home
or they could learn
how stone tools are
made from flint as
demonstrated by
Eric Hollinger,
Dennis Stanford
and Michael Frank
from the
Department of
Anthropology.
staff were present on the floor for the
duration of the festival, leading activities and demonstrations for the public.
Highlights included:
 Sorena Sorensen demonstrated
how concrete crystallizes, measuring
the temperature over time and creating a molecular model of cement.
 Ben Andrews created “pumice”
from soapy water and liquid nitrogen,
causing the surrounding area to get all
wet and soapy from the small explosions.
 Liz Cottrell was extremely dynamic as she shared her experience on a research ship in the
Ocean Hall, drawing in a large number of visitors.
 In the Meteorite Gallery, Cari Corrigan, Emma Watson, Sheri Singerling, Andrew Beck,
Yulia Goreva, Linda Welzenbach and Tim McCoy traded shifts throughout the day sharing
their research and samples not typically on display to the public.
 Leslie Hale brought out some curious
specimens from the Rock & Ore collection
which showed unique characteristics that
rocks can display.
 Michael Wise and Cathe Brown
brought out attractive samples of pegmatites minerals and gemstones to share with
visitors.
 Michael Wise, Sorena Sorensen, and
Rick Wunderman all stationed a table
with a petrographic microscope which visitors could use to look at rodingite, a rock
collected at the Rockville Quarry by Tim
Rose, Adam Blankenbicker, and Margery Gordon. Samples of rodingite were given out to visitors.
Chair of Mineral Sciences
Tim McCoy
Newsletter Editor
Michael Wise
Dept. of Mineral Sciences
MRC 119
[email protected]
Outside visitors such as the National Stone, Sand, and Gravel Association (left), the Manassas
Quarry (right), the National Park Service, and the Federal Highway Administration, participated
in the NMNH Rock Festival. Photos by Vickie Legg.
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Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Education & Outreach—Rock On! Festival (cont.)
Geode cracking station in the Evans Gallery. Photos by Vickie Legg.
For each activity
that visitors
participated in, they
earned a stamp on
a passport. When
they received 5 or
more stamps, they
were able to crack
open a geode to
take home, thanks
to the help of
Mobile Mining
Experience. Over
700 geodes were
opened during the
festival, and at
times the line to
crack them open
extended the length
of the
Evans Gallery!
Tim McCoy created comets with dry ice, soil and charcoal to show visitors what they
are composed of and how a comet’s tail develops. Photos by Margery Gordon.
 Rick Wunderman sets up a model volcano with plastic tubing and a can of shaving
cream, which drew a number of people in.
Page 4
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
New Faces in DMS
The Division of Volcanology and
Petrology welcomes two new postdoctoral fellows—Fred Davis and
Christoph Popp. Fred Davis completed his Ph.D. at the University of
Minnesota in August of 2012 with a
concentration in experimental petrology. His work there was focused on
understanding the processes that lead
to the formation of oceanic island
basalts. This was accomplished
chiefly by performing high-pressure
partial melting experiments with
peridotites and basalts in a piston
cylinder apparatus. Fred has joined
the Department of Mineral Sciences
as a Buck Fellow, working with Liz Cottrell, to analyze peridotite xenoliths for under-utilized
minor and trace elements such as Mn, Zn, Ga, and Ge to learn more about the roles of different
mantle lithologies in the petrogenesis of basalts.
Christoph Popp received his PhD
degree in Geography from the University of Bern, Switzerland, working on
aerosol and trace gas remote sensing
from space and airborne instruments.
Christoph’s research at the Smithsonian focuses on the quantification
from space of global carbon dioxide
emissions from volcanoes . His work
includes screening available data sets
for signals of volcanic CO2, developing methodologies to convert satellite
measured column concentrations to
volcanic gas fluxes, and to improve
current CO2 retrieval algorithms from
space borne spectrometer measurements. In this two year interdisciplinary project, Christoph
closely works with Liz Cottrell, Ben Andrews (both DMS), and Kelly Chance from HarvardSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
On November 2012, Kathryn (Kat) GardnerVandy started a 3-year post-doc with Tim
McCoy in the Department of Mineral Sciences.
Kat received her PhD in Planetary Sciences from
the University of Arizona last May. She plans to
study primitive achondrite meteorites to better
understand early melting and differentiation on
planetesimals and asteroid-sized bodies.
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Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
New Faces in DMS (cont.)
Dr. Michael Velbel, Professor of Geological Sciences at Michigan State University, is spending this academic year on sabbatical
leave in the Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Michael studies regolith
geoscience, and the rates and mechanisms of mineral-water interactions during rock and mineral weathering. His research investigates
the geological, mineralogical, geochemical, and geomorphic factors
which control mineral alterations at the Earth's surface and the migration of chemical elements through the landscape, emphasizing
small-watershed geochemistry. Related areas of research include
terrestrial weathering of Antarctic and non-Antarctic meteorites; rock-, mineral-, and chemicalweathering on Mars and in Martian meteorites; recognition of pre-terrestrial aqueous alteration
on other meteorite parent bodies from mineralogical investigations of meteorites; and preservation of sample integrity for past and future sample-return missions.
Michael was a member of the Mineralogy-Petrology subteam of the NASA Stardust mission
Preliminary Examination Team (2006). In addition to MSU, Prof. Velbel has held visiting appointments at the University of Cincinnati, the Faculté des Sciences-St Jérôme of the Université
Paul Cézanne (Université d'Aix-Marseilles III), the Australian National University and the
(Australian) Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration
(CRC-LEME). He held NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowships at the NASA Johnson
Space Center in 1987 and 1999.
As a Smithsonian Senior Fellow, Michael will work with Cari Corrigan and Ed Vicenzi on
Martian meteorites. The work will consists of microscopic (optical and SEM-EDS) investigation of aqueous mineral-alteration textures and assemblages associated with olivine in Martian
meteorites.
Field Studies
 Ben Andrews returned to Guatemala’s Santa Maria Volcano with
Ryan Cahalan, a senior at the University of Texas at Austin. Ben and
Ryan spent 4 nights on the summit
of Santa Maria observing the Caliente lava dome with an array of radio synchronized cameras. The radios, built by Mineral Science’s
Tim Gooding, worked extremely
well and allowed Ben to capture
more than 3000 synchronized sets of
images. Those images will be used
to construct a 3D digital model of
the lava dome surface through the
Eruption at the Santa Maria volcano, Guatemala. Photo
four days of observations. From
by Ben Andrews.
their (safe) vantage point ~2.7 km
away from the dome, Ben and Ryan witnessed a pyroclastic flow and numerous explosions,
including this spectacular display at 1:07 am on 15 November 2012.
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Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Exhibits — “The Dom Pedro is Unveiled”
Donor Jeffery Bland (far left) and Jefferey Post (left) assist New NMNH Director Kirk Johnson (right) and donor Jane Mitchell (far right) in the unveiling of the Dom Pedro aquamarine.
Photo by Jim DiLoreto.
 The newest addition to the
Smithsonian’s National Gem
Collection took center stage in
the Gem Gallery of the Janet
Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems & Minerals. The
Dom Pedro aquamarine, was
unveiled to the public on December 6, 2012. Thanks to the generous gift of donors Jane
Mitchell and Jeffery Bland, the
Dom Pedro will soon become
one of the iconic pieces of the
Musuem’s collection.
The Dom Pedro, the largest faceted aquamarine, weighs 10,363
carats and measures 14 inches
tall and 4 inches wide at the
base. The history of the Dom
Pedro aquamarine, from its discovery in Brazil to its eventual
home in NMNH, can be found
on the Mineral Sciences website
at http://mineralsciences.si.edu/
collections/dom-pedro/
history.htm
The Dom Pedro aquamarine on permanent exhibit at the
Smithsonian. Photo courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution.
Page 7
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Exhibits
 September 30th marked the closure of the highly successful Chilean Mine Rescue exhibit.
In its place, now stands a new and improved Geology theater. The updated theater offers new
rock specimens, graphics and text. The theater area was also designed to facilitate the presentation of impromptu talks and lectures to the general public.
Page 8
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Awards & Grants
On December 11, 2012, the National Museum of Natural History held its annual Career
Service Awards and Peer Recognition Awards ceremony in Baird Auditorium. Several Mineral Sciences staff members were honored during the ceremony.
Russell Feather was honored for 30 years of service to the Smithsonian. Cathe Brown, Tim
Gooding and Ed Venzke all received their 20 years of service pins.
2012 Peer Recognition Awards were presented to Cari Corrigan and Linda Welzenbach (Rock Stars Award) for their work in
communicating the Smithsonian’s meteoriterelated activities to the general public
through online appearances, broadcasts and
interviews.
Leslie Hale was part of a 4-membered team
that received the Picking the Right Job
Seeker Award. This team was recognized for
their dedication and hard work in overseeing
the review of > 800 applications for 6 positions in the Collections Program Office.
The Funds Management Teacher of the Year
Award was presented to Veronica Reyna for
her exceptional work as the fund manager for
Mineral Sciences, Entomology, Invertebrate
Zoology and Vertebrate Zoology.
Michelle Reed (Dept of Anthropology) received the GOVTRIP Guru Award for facilitating the many complex travel arrangements
for Mineral Sciences staff as well as for her
home department of Anthropology.
Linda Welzenbach (left) and Cari Corrigan
(right) receive their congratulatory Peer Recognition certificate from new NMNH director
Kirk Johnson.
At the Mineralogical Society of the District
of Columbia’s annual Christmas party held
on December 3th, mineralogist Michael Wise
accepted a $1000.00 check donated by the
club to the Department of Mineral Sciences.
Page 9
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
New Acquisitions
Smithsonian Gemstone Collectors Group Donations to NMNH
On October 18, 2012, the
A specimen of beryl variety emerald from Zambia. 2012
Gift of the Smithsonian Gemstone Collectors Group. Photo
by Michael Wise.
Smithsonian Gemstone Collectors Group (SGC) once again
made a significant contribution
to the National Gem and Minerals Collections. An impressive specimen of beryl variety
emerald was one of two pieces
donated by SGC. The emerald
specimens came from the
Kagem Emerald mine, in the
Kafubu region of Zambia. The
emeralds are associated with
black tourmaline and together
occur in a biotite schist. These
Zambian emeralds display a
deep green color that in many
cases rival that of Columbian
emeralds, generally considered
the world’s standard.
The second gift from the SGC was a magnificent 401.52 carats amethyst, the purple variety of quartz. This new addition comes from
Brazil and is the finest and largest faceted
amethyst in the National Gem Collection to
date.
Photo by Ken Larsen.
Other recent acquisitions to the Gem Collection included a 19,747 carat smoky citrine
quartz (left), the largest in the collection, and a brilliant orange Brazilian opal (right) weighting
75.5 carats.
The Petrology Collection recently acquired a nice suite of manganese ores from retired
United States Geological Survey geologist, J. Stephen Huebner.
Page 10
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
New Acquisitions (cont.)
Newly acquired mineral specimens from the 2012 Denver Gem &
Mineral Show
Photos top to bottom: Blue topaz —St. Anne's Mine, Mwami, Karoi District, Zimbabwe; Diamond crystal showing unusual twin (mackle) morphology —Ekati mine, Northwest Territories, Canada; Twinned rutile, also called by the varietal name sagenite in allusion to it having
the appearance of a net—Fianarantsoa Province, Madagascar. Photos by Michael Wise.
Page 11
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Meetings & Abstracts
Cardenas, M. Bayani, Lagmay, A. Mahar F.,
Andrews, Benjamin J., Rodolfo, Raymond
S., Cabria, Hillel B., & Lapus, Mark R. Terrestrial smokers: thermal springs due to
hydrothermal convection of groundwater connected to surface water.
Carmichael, Sarah K., Carmichael, Mary
Jane, Johnson, Krissy W., Roble, Leigh Anne,
Strom, Amanda C., Santelli, Cara, & Brauer,
Suzanna L. Microbial Mn (ii) oxidation as an
indicator of anthropogenic impact in caves: a
case study in Carter salt peter cave, Carter
county, TN.
Benjamin J. Andrews & Michael Manga.
Counterintuitive effects of substrate roughness on PDCs (Invited).
Benjamin J. Andrews, Jeffrey Johnson, Andrew P. Nies & Kirsten N. Chojnicki. Three
dimensional velocimetry of lava dome emplacement using synchronized photogrammetry, Santiaguito Dome, Guatemala.
Joseph B. Balta, Andrew W. Beck & Harry
Y. McSween. Trace elements record complex
histories in diogenites.
Maryjo N. Brounce, Katherine A. Kelley &
Elizabeth Cottrell. Fe3+/∑Fe variation in
Mariana arc and back-arc magmas and primary fO2 of the mantle wedge.
Fraukje M. Brouwer, Sorena S. Sorensen &
Pascal Philippot. Physical and chemical evolution of subduction-related eclogites: Interplay of inheritance, alteration, deformation
and metamorphism.
Heimann, Adriana, Bitner, Joshua, Wise, Michael A., Rodrigues Soares, Dwight, & Mousinho Ferreira, Ana Cláudia. The composition
of garnet in granitic pegmatites.
McSween, H.Y., Ammannito, E., Reddy, V.,
Prettyman, T.H., & Beck, A.W., Rheasilvia
basin on asteroid Vesta - a window on the
mantle?
Wise, Michael A., Application of cathodoluminescence to the investigation of granitic
pegmatites.
Wim Degruyter, Benoit Cordonnier, Michael
Manga, Abdelmoula Haboub, Benjamin J.
Andrews, Robert L. Dennen, Alastair MacDowell & Dilworth Y. Parkinson. Evolution of
magma textures during deformation: Insights
from in situ X-ray tomography experiments
(Invited).
Robert L. Dennen, Benjamin J. Andrews,
Frank Trusdell, Robert A. Craddock & Elizabeth Bunin. Glass hydration as a tool for dating young pahoehoe flows.
Eloise Gaillou, Detlef Rost, Jeffrey E. Post &
James E. Butler. Towards an understanding of
deep boron: study of type IIb blue diamonds.
Brent Grocholski, Sang-Heon Shim & Vitali
Prakapenka. Stability and Compressibility of
Seifertite from 1 bar to 140 GPa.
George E. Harlow, Sorena S. Sorensen, Kennet E. Flores & Horst R. Marschall. Fluidmediated mass transfer from a paleosubduction
channel to its mantle wedge: Evidence from
jadeitite in the Guatemala Suture Zone.
Page 12
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Meetings & Abstracts (cont.)
Jeffrey Johnson, Benjamin J. Andrews,
Jacob Anderson, John J. Lyons & Jonathan
M. Lees. Volcano geodesy at Santiaguito
using ground-based cameras and particle image velocimetry.
Marion Le Voyer, Erik H. Hauri, Katherine
A. Kelley & Elizabeth Cottrell. Unraveling
the effect of primary versus secondary processes on the volatile content of MORB
glasses: an example from the equatorial MidAtlantic Ridge.
Cara M. Santelli, Gabriela A. Farfan, Alison
Post & Jeffrey E. Post. Impact of environmental chemistry on mycogenic Mn oxide
minerals.
Adam R. Sarafian, Horst R. Marschall & Sheri
Singerling. The origin of Stannern trend
eucrites by melt-rock interaction.
Sorena S. Sorensen. Epidote-group mineral+quartz veins in metatuff: Petrography,
chemistry, timing, style and redox implications
of fluid-derived minerals in altered arc crust.
Donald Swanson, Richard S. Fiske & Carl R.
Thornber. Vents and Dikes in the Heart of the
Koa‘e Fault System at Kilauea.
Michael J. Toplis, Hugau Mizzon, Olivier
Forni, Marc Monnereau, Thomas H. Prettyman, Harry Y. McSween, Timothy J. McCoy,
David W. Mittlefehldt, Maria C. De Sanctis,
Carol A. Raymond & Christopher T. Russell.
Internal structure and mineralogy of differentiated asteroids assuming chondritic bulk composition: The case of Vesta.
Oscar G. Lopez, Elizabeth Cottrell & Jessica
M. Warren. Upper mantle oxygen fugacity in
ridge and subduction zone settings recorded
by spinel peridotite.
Laura Waters, Rebecca A. Lange & Benjamin
J. Andrews. Water-saturated phaseequilibrium experiments on rhyolite and dacite
obsidians: the effect of variable melt water
concentration on the composition of
phenocrysts.
Timothy J. McCoy, Larry R. Nittler, Karen
R. Stockstill-Cahill & David T. Blewett.
Mercury: Informing Remote Sensing through
Petrology in the Absence of Samples from the
Innermost Planet.
Shoshana Z. Weider, Larry R. Nittler; Richard
D. Starr, Larry G. Evans, Timothy J. McCoy
& Sean C. Solomon. Abundance of Iron on
Mercury"s Surface from MESSENGER X-Ray
Spectrometer Data.
Steve McNutt, Edward Venzke & Earle R
Williams. Volcanic Lightning: New Global
Observations and Constraints on Source
Mechanisms.
Ed Venzke presented a poster at the United
Thomas H. Prettyman, David W. Mittlefehldt,
Naoyuki Yamashita, Harry Y. McSween,
William C. Feldman, David J. Lawrence,
Andrew W. Beck, Timothy J. McCoy, Michael J. Toplis, Hugau Mizzon, Carol A. Raymond, Christopher T. Russell. Chemical
Mapping of Vesta and Ceres.
States Geological Survey sponsored
“Volcanism in the American Southwest” meeting held in Flagstaff, AZ (October 2012).
Ed’s poster featured data compiled by the
Smithsonian’s Global Volcanism Program.
The poster focused on 10 volcanoes from Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, thought to have been active over the last
10,000 years. Ed’s poster can be viewed at
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/file_mngr/file67/VASW_PresentationVolume.pdf.
Page 13
Volume 3, Number 3
Meetings & Abstracts (cont.)
Winter 2012
Page 14
Volume 3, Number 3
Winter 2012
Selected Publications
Denevi, B.W., Blewett, D.T., Buczkowski,
D.L., Capaccioni, F., Capria, M.T., de Sanctis, M.C., Garry, W.B., Gaskell, R.W., Le
Corre, L., Li, J.Y., Marchi, S., McCoy, T.J.,
Nathues, A., O'Brien, D.P., Petro, N.E., Pieters, C.M., Preusker, F., Raymond, C.A.,
Reddy, V., Russell, C.T., Schenk, P., Scully,
J.E.C., Sunshine, J.M., Tosi, F., Williams,
D.A., & Wyrick, D. (2012) Pitted Terrain on
Vesta and Implications for the Presence of
Volatiles. Science, 338(6104): 246-249.
Evans, L.G., Peplowski, P.N., Rhodes, E.A.,
Lawrence, D.J., McCoy, T.J., Nittler, L.R.,
Solomon, S.C., Sprague, A.L., StockstillCahill, K.R., Starr, R.D., Weider, S.Z.,
Boynton, W.V., Hamara, D.K. & Goldsten,
J.O. (2012) Major-element abundances on the
surface of Mercury: Results from the MESSENGER Gamma-Ray Spectrometer. Journal
of Geophysical Research-Planets, 117
doi:10.1029/2012JE004178
Gaillou, E., Post, J.E., Rose, T. & Butler,
J.E. (2012) Cathodoluminescence of Natural,
Plastically Deformed Pink Diamonds. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 18, (6): 12921302.
Ivanova, M.A., Krot, A.N., Nagashima, K. &
MacPherson, G.J. (2012) Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3
carbonaceous chondrites. Meteoritics &
Planetary Science, doi:10.1111/maps.12031
McCord, T., Li, J., Combe, J. McSween, H.,
Jaumann, R., Reddy, V., Tosi, F., Williams,
D., Blewett, D., Turrini, D., Palomba, E.,
Pieters, C., De Sanctis, M., Ammannito, E.,
Capria, M., Le Corre, L., Longobardo, A.,
Nathues, A., Mittlefehldt, D., Schroder, S.,
Hiesinger, H., Beck, A.W., Capaccioni, F.,
Carsenty, U., Keller, H., Denevi, B., Sunshine, J., Raymond, C., & Russell, C. (2012)
Dark material on Vesta: Delivering carbonaceous volatile-rich materials to planetary surfaces. Nature, 491:83-86.
Peplowski, P.N., Lawrence, D.J., Rhodes,
E.A., Sprague, A.L., McCoy, T.J., Denevi,
B.W., Evans, L.G., Head, J.W., Nittler, L.R.,
Solomon, S.C., Stockstill-Cahill, K.R. &
Weider, S.Z. (2012) Variations in the abundances of potassium and thorium on the sur-
face of Mercury: Results from the MESSENGER Gamma-Ray Spectrometer. Journal of
Geophysical Research-Planets, 117
doi:10.1029/2012JE004141
Prettyman T., Mittlefehldt D., Lawrence D.,
Yamashita N., Beck A. W., Feldman W.,
McCoy T., McSween H., Toplis M., Titus T.,
Tricarico P., Reedy R., Hendricks J., Forni
O., Le Corre L., Li J., Mizzon H., Reddy V.,
Raymond C., and Russell C. (2012) Elemental mapping by Dawn reveals exogenic H in
Vesta’s howarditic regolith. Science, 338
(6104): 242-246.
Reddy, V., Corre, L.L., O'Brien, D.P.,
Nathues, A., Cloutis, E.A., Durda, D.D., Bottke, W.F., Bhatt, M.U., Nesvorny, D.,
Buczkowski, D., Scully, J.E.C., Palmer, E.M.,
Sierks, H., Mann, P.J., Becker, K.J., Beck,
A.W., Mittlefehldt, D., Li, J-Y, Gaskell, R.,
Russell, C.T., Gaffey, M.J., McSween, H.Y.,
McCord, T.B., Combe, J-P & Blewett, D.
(2012) Delivery of Dark Material to Vesta via
Carbonaceous Chondritic Impacts. Icarus,
221(2): 544-559.
Reddy, V., Nathues, A., Le Corre, L., Sierks,
H., Li J., Gaskell, R., McCoy, T., Beck, A.
W., Schroder, S., Pieters, C., Becker, M.,
Buratti, B., Denevi, B., Blewett, D., Christensen, U., Gaffey, M., Marques, P., Hicks, M.,
McFadden, L., McSween, H., Mittlefehldt,
D., O’Brian, D., Raymond, C., & Russell, C.
(2012) Dawn Views a Small Terrestrial
World: Color Variations, and Surface Heterogeneity of Vesta. Science, 336(6082):633760.
Wendler, J.E., Wendler, I., Rose, T & Huber,
B.T. (2012) Using Cathodoluminescence
Spectroscopy of Cretaceous Calcareous Microfossils to Distinguish Biogenic from Early
-Diagenetic Calcite. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 18, (6): 1313-1321.