394
H . A. BAYLIS : ROTSDWORMS A X D
Some Roundworms and Flatworms from the West Indies and Surinam. I. Nematodes
and Acanthocephala. By H. A. BAYLIS,M.A., D.Sc., Department of Zoology,
British Museum (Natural History).
(With 12 Text-figures.)
[Read 8 May, 1945.1
This paper is the first of several in which it is intended to report on some helminths
and free-living flatworms collected by Mr. Ivan T. Sanderson, mainly in Surinam
(Dutch Guiana) in 1938, but partly also in the West Indies in 1937. The Cestodes
will be dealt with in another paper by the present writer, and the Trematoda and
Turbellaria in papers by Mr. S. Prudhoe.
The following is a classified list of the species of parasitic Nematodes and Acanthocephala included in the collection, with the hosts from which they were obtained.
Unless otherwise stated, they were all collected in Surinam, at localities in the
‘ flood-plains ’ within forty-five miles of Paramaribo.
The ’ type-specimens of the new species described are in the British Museum
(Natural History).
NEMATODA.
HOST.
Ascaridae.
Toxocuru mystax (Zed., 1800).
Contracaecum sp., larva.
Amplicaecum alatiun, sp. n.
Felis pardalis.
Tupinambis nigropunctotus.
Tupinambis nipropunctatus.
Heterakidae.
Ahcaridingalli (Bchrank, 1788).
.lspidodera raillieti Travassos. 1 9 14.
Strongyluris sp.
(99)
Spinicsaictla spinicauda Olfers. in Htid.,
1819.
‘ il’ilcl turkey ’, Mt. Aripo,
Trinidad.
Marmosa ccneiva,
Didelphis marsupialis azwrae.
Polyderus marmoratus,
Diego Martin, Trinidad.
Tupinnmbis nigropunc*tntus.
Kathlaniidae.
Cruzia tentaculuta (Rud., 1819).
Marmosa cinerew,
Didelphis marsupialis azartie.
Oxyuridae.
Entorobius minutus (Sehneider, 1866).
Alouattn macconnelli.
Ancyclostomatidae.
Ancylostoma braziliense Gomez de Faria,
1910.
Anrylostoma caninum Ercolani, 1859.
Euprocyon cancrivorus.
Enprocyon cancri\.oriis.
Diaphanocephalidae.
Diaphdnocephalus galeatus (Rud., 1819).
Tupinambis nigropunctatus.
Trichostrongylidae.
Heligmodendrium aripense, sp. n.
Sciurus aestuans. Mt. Aripo.
Trinidad.
Spiruridae.
Protospirura murk (Gmel., 1500).
Parabronema bonnei (van Thiel, 1925).
Physaloptera retusa Rud., 1819.
Physaloptera mirandai Lent ancl
Teixeira de Fmitas, 1935.
Physaloptera ? dilatata Rud.. 1819 ( 1 $).
Physaloptera ? muris-braziliensis Dies..
1861.
Hattus rattus, ’ wild var. ’
Mt. Commissar, Haiti.
Alouutta macconnelli.
Tupinambis nigropunct at 11s.
Marmosa cinema.
Cebns ? fatuellus.
Briiiriis aestoans, Mt. Aripo
Trinidad.
FLAT\VORMS FROM T H E W E S T INDIES AKD SCrRlNAM
395
F il ariidae.
Dipetalonema gracile (Rud., 1819).
? Dipetalonema [ ? Molinema] sp.
(99).
Skrjabinofilaria skrjabini Tmvassos,
1925.
? Oswaldofilaria sp. (yo).
Saimiri sciurea.
Coendou prehensilis.
hfarmosa cinema.
Tupinamhis nigropunctatus.
Philometridae.
Micropleura razi Travassos. 1933 (;$).
('aiman sclerops.
Trichinellidae.
Trichuris ? minuta (Rud., 1819) )(:.
Trichuris ? gracilis ( R u ~ . 1819)
.
($2).
Didelphis marsupialis azarae.
Diisyprocta agouti.
ACSXTHOCEPHALA.
Oligacanthorhynchidae.
Hamanniella microcephala (Rud., 1819).
Prosthenorchis elepans (Dies., 1851).
Didelphis marsupialis ilzarae.
Saimiri sciurea.
hfystns midas.
There follow descriptions of the two new species, and notes on a few of the other
forms.
NEMATODA.
ANPLICAECUM
ALATUM, sp. n. (Figs. 1-3).
Of this species seven males and four females were found in the stomach of
Twpincmbis nigropunctatus near Paramaribo, Surinam.
The males measure about 48-70 mm. in length, the females about 82-90 mm.
The greatest thickness, which occurs in the posterior region of the body, is 0*6-0-97mm.
in the male and 04-1.17 mm. in.the female. The transverse striations on the cuticle
of the body are coarsest in the anterior region, where the intervals between them
reach 7-lop. The anterior end is always curled dorsally, and is provided with
well-developed lateral cervical alae. These begin at the base of the lips, and extend
back for a distance considerably greater than the length of the oesophagus, gradually
becoming narrower and finally disappearing. I n a female in which they were
measured their length was about 6.5 mm. Their greatest width is 0.1-0.12 mm.
They are marked throughout with transverse striations, much closer together than
those on the body.
There are well-developed interlabial grooves a t the bases of the lips, bounded
by prominent cuticular flanges. I n a dorsal view (fig. 1) the interlabia are not very
prominent, and are almost hidden by the angles of the dorsal lip. I n lateral view,
however, they are more conspicuous, and form the widest part of the head, which
here measures 0.2-0.27 mm. across in the male, and 0.29-0.34 mm. in the female.
The anterior border of each lip is deeply notched. The general shape of the dorsal
lip (fig. 1) is roughly hexagonal. Its pulp is produced internally into two anterior
processes. Externally it bears a pair of apparently simple papillae, while each
ventro-lateral lip has a large subventral and a very sma.11 lateral papilla. The
dentigerous ridges are well developed.
The oesophagus measures 2 . 7 4 mm. in length in the male and 3.64.4mm. in
the female. There is no ventriculus, but a conspicuous valve a t the junction of the
oesophaguswith the intestine. From this point a wide intestinal caecum runs forward
on the left side of the oesophagus for a distance of 1-6-26 mm. in the male and 2.33.15 mm. in the female. The nerve-ring is situated at 0.5-0.75mm., the excretory pore
at 0~6-0.98mm., and a pair of cervical papillae a t 0.9-1.25 mm. from the anterior
extremity. These papillae appear to terminate on the dorsal surfaces of the alae,
not far from the body-wall.
396
H. A . BAYLIS
I
FIG.1.--4
~ u p l i c t r ~ c uolnt7cin.
~~r
: ROrSnWORMS
0 . 2 mm.
AND
’
Anterior end of female ; tlorsal view.
FIG.2.--Amplicaecum olazma. Posterior end of male : lateral view.
FLATWORMS FROM THE WEST INDIES A N D SURINAM
397
The tail, in both sexes, is very short and conical, with a terminal spike. I n the
male it nieasures 0 . 1 3 4 1 7 mm. in length. There are four pairs of small postanal
papillae (figs. 2,3), the two most anterior papillae on each side being almost a t the
angles of the cloaca1 aperture and placed so close together as almost to form a double
papilla. On the anterior lip of the cloaca there is a median papilla, and a t this
level there begins a simple series of about 20-25 preanal papillae on each side,
gradually becoming more widely spaced anteriorly. The spicules are equal and very
short and stout, measuring (in a straight line from root to tip) about 0.24Al.35 mm.
The coils of the genital tube occupy little more than the posterior third of the body.
The tail of the female is 0.2-0.29mm. long. The vulva is situated a t rather
more than one-third of the total length from the posterior end of the body (at a
distance of 33-38 mm. from the extremity), and is slightly prominent. The vagina
has thick, muscular walls, and runs posteriorly from the vulva for about 1.5 mm,
before passing into a long common uterine trunk. This runs back for about a further
11 mm. before giving off the two parallel uterine branches, which are about 12 mm.
long and quite straight. At its posterior end each branch expands somewhat to.
form a club-shaped receptaculum seminis about 0.5-0.6 mm. wide, and then narrows
suddenly into a muscular oviduct about 0 . 6 4 8 mm. long and 0.1-0-15 mm. wide.
Each ovarian tube, where i t joins this duct, is also expanded into a club-shaped
swelling about 0 . 4 4 6 mm. wide. The ovarian tubes are long and much convoluted,
FIG.3.-A?nplicaeczrm alatum. Posterior end of male ; ventral view.
their most anterior loops extending to about 2 mm. behind the vulva, and their
most posterior loops (representing the narrow distal portions of the ovaries) to within
about 0-7-1.5 mm. of the posterior extremity. The eggs are ovoid, with externally
mammillated shells, and are of very uniform size, measuring about 0*07-0.076x
0*05-0.052mm. Their contents in utero are either unsegmented or in the first
stages of segmentation.
The genus Amplimecum Baylis, 1920, appears at present to contain eight species *,
and to be unknown from the New World. With the exception of the genotype,
A . wlurum (Baylis, 1919) all the species are recorded from reptiles or amphibians.
A . wlurum, of which the male is unknown, occurred in a n African eagle, and map
possibly have been a pseudoparasite, the real host perhaps being a reptile or
amphibian. The presence of broad cervical alae distinguishes A . alatum from all
the known species except,*possibly, A . excawatum (Hsii and Hoeppli, 1931). I n
this species such alae are not mentioned, but figures given by Hsu and Hoeppli
(1931,P1. V, figs. 20,21) suggest that they may be present. The male of A . exwvatum,
* ' Amplicueczcm ' urdei Layman and Andronova, 1926, appears, from the figures, to be a
species of Contracaecum in which the oesophageal appendix has not been observed. Possibly
?u
it is a synonym of C. microcephalum (Rud., 1809). For the synonymy of A. i m o Z ~ f z ~(Gedoelst,
1916) see Baylis (1940), p. 404.
398
H. -4. BAYLIS
: ROUNDWORMS AND
however, has no less than 55-58 pairs of preanal and six pairs of postanal papillae.
The shortness of the spicules further distinguishes A . alatum from this species and
from A . varani Baylis and Daubney, 1922, A . involutum (Gedoelst, 1916), A . muempapillatum Sandground, 1933, and A . schoutedeni Baylis, 1940. There remain A.
brumpti Khalil, 1926, and A . cacopi Chatterji, 1936, in both of which the male has
only five pairs of preanal papillae and apparently lacks the median precloacal papilla.
AXCYLOSTOMA
BRAZILIENSE Gomez de Faria, 1910, and A. CANINUM Ercolani,
1859.
These two species occurred in the small intestiiie of a Crab-eating Raccoon
(Euprocyon cancrivorus) near Paramaribo, together with Diphyllobothrium. A .
braziliense was present in greater numbers than A . caninum, of which only three
specimens were found. One specimen of A . braziliense had attached itself to a
Diphyllobothrium. The crab-eating raccoon is probably a new host for both of these
species, though A . caninum has been recorded by Chitwood (1932) from Proeyon lotor
in captivity in North America.
HELIGMODENDRIUM
ARIPENSE, sp. n.
(Figs. 4-8.)
Of this species two males and seven females (with some fragments) were obtained
from the large intestine of a squirrel (Sciurus aestuans) a t Mt. Aripo, Trinidad. The
collector’s notes indicate that the worms were red during life.
The two males measure respectively 8.7 mm. and 10.3 mm. in length, and 0.15 mm.
and 0.2 mm. in maximum thickness. The females measure 12.3-15.2 mm. in length.
The greatest thickness in the female usually occurs near the posterior end (fig. 8),
where there is a slight swelling just in front of the vulva, measuring about 0.2-0.25 mm.
in diameter. There is a cephalic inflation of the cuticle (fig. a), measuring 0.040.064 mm. in diameter and varying in length from about 0.046-0.062 mm. This
variation is partly due to the fact that the mouth is sometimes retracted within the
cephalic inflation.
The cuticle of the body bears, throughout almost the whole of its length, 18
longitudinal crests (fig. 5), 16 of which are low, while two are very prominent and
fused in such a way as t o form a great thickening (figs. 5 and 8,s.), with a wide
V-shaped groove running along it, in a subventral position on the left side of the
body. The transverse striations are particularly conspicuous in these crests, and
appear as rod-like supporting structures within them. There are from 5 to 7 such
‘ rods ’ in a space of 20 p, so that the striations may be said to be at intervals of
about 2.9 to 4 p . Sometimes, especially towards the anterior end of the body, the
crests, or rather the series of ‘ rods ’, have an interrupted appearance, such as has
been described in several species of the gerus. This, however, is possibly an optical
result of the crests being slightly wavy, so that parts of them are seen in profile and
parts in optical section. At the posterior end of the body. in the female, the crests
tend to run round the body in a sinistral spiral (fig. 8).
The oesophagus, which is slightly club-shaped, measures 0.47-0.49 mm. in length
in the males and 0 . 5 4 5 5 mm. in the females. The nerve-ring is situated at about
0.26-0.3 mm. from the anterior extremity. Further back, a t about 043-0.53 mm.
from the extremity, there is a pair of extremely prominent cervical papillae (fig. 6),
measuring up to 2 0 p in length and usually bifurcate, the longer termination being
posterior. The excretory pore is a little behind these papillae.
The bursa of the male and its rays (fig. 7) are slightly asymmetrical, being a
little longer on the right side than on the left. The dorsal ray is relatively very large,
and of the general form characteristic of the genus, with the externo-dorsal rays
arising from its two main branches. Prebursal papillae were not seen. The spicules
are relatively slender and measure 0.63 mm. in length. The ‘ telamon ’ could not
be clearly made out in the two specimens available.
,
FLATWORMS FROM THE WEST INDIES AND SURIXAM
I
399
c
d
-0E
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
FIQ.4.-Heligmodendriun& aripense. Anterior end of female ; dorsal view.
FIQ. 5.-Heligmodendrium aripense. Tramverse section of female, in middle region of body,
showing the cuticle and longitudinal fields only. d., dorsal, Z., lateral, end w., ventral fields :
s., subventral thickening of cuticle.
Fig.
- 6.
Fig. 7.
FIQ. 6.-Heligmodedrkn$ aripense, female. Cervical papilla. The arrow points towards tho
FIQ.i’.-Heligmodendrium
anterior end.
aripeme. Posterior end of male ; dorsal view.
400
H. A. BAYLIS : ROUXDWORMS A N Y
The tail of the female is about 0.07 mm. long. The vulva is situated at 0.20.22 mm. from the posterior end, and has a prominent posterior lip. The ofejector
has a length of about 0.4-0.45mm. The thin-shelled eggs are oblong-oval and
measure about 0.076-0.086 x 0-038-0.04 mm. Their contents are segmenting in utero.
The genus Heligmodendrium Travassos, 1937, originally contained two species,
H . eleqans (Trav., 1921) and H . hassalli (Price, 1928). Four others have since been
added to it, viz. H . interrogans, H . hepaticum and H . oliveirai Lent' and Teixeira de
FIG.S.-Heligniodend,.izci~~ aripenae. Posterior end of female ; lahral view. u., anus ; s., subventral thickening of cuticle ; v., vulva.
Freitas, 1938, and H . crucifer Travassos, 1943. Of these six species, H . hepaticum
and H . oliveirai are recofded from Sciurus aestuam in Brazil (i.e. from the same
host as the present material), while H . hassalli is recorded from Sciurus carolinensis
in the United States. The present species is of larger size than any of those mentioned,
though a fairly close approach to it is made by H . hepaticum. The most striking
feature, however, which distinguishes the present form from all the others, is the
length of the spicules in the male. I n this respect the nearest known species appears
to be H . crucifer, which, although the worm is only of about half the size, has spicules
measuring up to 0.59 mm. in length *. I n none of the other forms do the spicules
attain a length of much over 0.4 mm.
PARABRONEMA
BONNEI (van Thiel, 1925). (Figs. 9-12.)
van Thiel (1925) described this species, under the name of Squamanema bonnet,
from a Howler Monkey (Alouatta [ilfycetes] seniculus) from Surinam. Yorke and
Maplestone (1926) and Baylis and Daubney (1926) regarded the genus Squamanema
* Travassos gives ' 0.038-0.059' mm., but it is clear from his figure that there has been a
displacement of the decimal point.
401
FLATWORMS FROM THE WEST INDIES AND SURINAM
as a probable synonym of Parabronema Baylis, 1921, but hitherto no further description of it seems to have appeared. The present collection contains a number
of specimens collected from the stomach of Alouatta macconnelli in Surinam by Mr.
Sanderson, who describes them in his notes as ' bright red and clear ' when alive.
Among the large number of females preserved, only two males have been found.
Advantage has been taken of this material to make a careful re-examination of the
species, and there seems to be no doubt that it is a Parahronema. It possesses all
the characters regarded as typical of that genus, and its only striking peculiarity is
the presence of a great thickening of the cuticle along one side (the right side) of
the body, as described by van Thiel. This thickening, which doubtless represents
an exaggerated lateral ala. is regarded as a feature of merely specific importance.
The following description supplements, and in some respects corrects, that of van
Thiel.
The two males measure respectively 10.1 and 11-8mm. in length, and the females
up to 30 mm. or more. The maximum thickness of the body, including the lateral
cuticular thickening, is about 0.22 mm. in the male and up to, or slightly over,
0.3 mm. in the female. The transverse cuticular striations are a t intervals (in the
w
50tA.
FIO.9.-Purubronemu bonnei. Anterior end of female ; lateral view.
FIQ. lO.-Parubrmma bonnei. Anterior end of female; frontal view. d., dorsal shield;
j.,false lips ; Z., lateral lip.
middle region of the body) of about 4 p in the male and 6-7 p in the female. Thc
lateral cuticular thickening, or ' ala ', on the right side of the body has a maximum
thickness of about 0.026mm. in the male and up to 0.06mm. in the female. The
marked longitudinal incision in the thickening described and figured by van Thiel
has not been observed in the present specimens (fig. 11).
van Thiel describes the mouth as triangular and surrounded by six lips. Actually
(figs. 9, 10) there are paired lateral lips, and dorsal and ventral ' shields ', as
described by the writer (1921) for the genotype of Parabronema ( P . indicum). The
'shields however, in P. bonnei, scarcely overlap the lips. The arrangement of
the cephalic papillae is exactly the same, each lateral lip bearing three papillae,
and the dorsal and ventral shields two each. The auricular appendages of the
head, in P. bonnei, are somewhat simpler in structure, their posterior edges not
being folded or grooved. The distance from the anterior extremity to the
posterior edges of these appendages is about 0-06-0.07 mm. in both sexes. The
width of the head, a t the level of their posterior edges, is about 0.064 mm. in the
male and 0.08 mm. in the female. The mouth itself, i.e. the actual opening of the
buccal cavity or ' pharynx ') is a t the summit of a rather prominent papilla between
the lips (fig. 9)) and the cuticular lining of the pharynx appears to be produced
),
JOURN. LI".
SOC,-zOOLOQY,
VOL. =I,
28
402
H. A. BAYLIS
: ROUNDWORMS AND
slightly further dorsally and ventrally than laterally, so as to form a pair of minute
‘ false lips ’ a t right angles to the lips proper (fig. l0,f.). The pharynx is relatively
long in this species, measuring about 0.18mm. in length, as stated by van Thiel.
The oesophagus (measured from the extremity of the head, and thus including the
pharynx) is 1-1.4 mm. long. It consists of two portions, both muscular, the anterior
portion being of about the same length as the pharynx and considerably narrower
than the posterior portion. The anterior portion is surrounded by the nerve-ring
at a distance of about 0.24mm. from the extremity of the head. The excretory
pore, which is very inconspicuous, is a t about the same level, and the cervical papillae
(also inconspicuous) slightly further back.
The tail of the male (fig. 12) measures 0.25-0.27 mm. in length, and there are
well-developed and somewhat asymmetrical caudal alae. The whole ventral surface
of the caudal region is covered with interrupted, longitudinal cuticular ridges. van
Thiel states that the spicules are unequal and dissimilar, but does not give their
lengths. I n the two males in the present collection, the left spicule measures about
2.2 and 2-1 mm. respectively, and the right spicule about 0.37 and 0.31 mm. Both
spicules are provided with alae. The left spicule measures about 8 p in width, the
FIG.1 1.-Parabronenza
int., intestine
bonnei. Transverse section of female, in middle region of body.
Z., lateral thickening of cuticle ; ou., ovary ; ut., uteriis.
;
right about 18 p. At its tip, however, the right spicule narrows suddenly and forms
a small hook. There is a small, triangular accessory piece, not mentioned by van
Thiel. This measures about 0.03mm. in length. The arrangement of the caudal
papillae of the two sides is much more asymmetrical in the present specimens than is
indicated in van Thiel’s figures. It is, however, quite typical for a Parabronema.
I n particular, the position of the first pair of postanal papillae, with their peduncles
lying transversely across the ventral surface and their terminations almost in the
middle line, the right papilla a considerable distance behind the left, is highly
characteristic. van Thiel does not seem to have observed the large median preanal
papilla, which appears to have paired terminations, as in the genotype. The number
of papillae is otherwise as described by van Thiel-four pairs of lateral and preanal
or adanal papillae, two pairs of large postanal and a group (apparently two pairs)
of minute papillae near the extremity of the tail. The sucker-like ‘muscles’
described by van Thiel in the posterior pair of large postanal papillae have not been
observed.
The tail of the female measures about 0.21-0.25 mm. in length. It is always
curved towards the dorsal side, and has a bluntly-rounded tip and apparently a
pair of minute subterminal papillae. van Thiel’s description of the vulva as being
Situated a t the posterior third of the body is quite erroneous. The vulva is very
403
FLATWORMS FROM THE WEST INDIES AND SURINAM
inconspicuous, but is situated a t 2-3.3 mm. from the anterior extremity (i.e. not far
behind the junction of the oesophagus and intestine). The vagina is narrow and
muscular, and runs almost straight back for a distance of a t least 2.2 mm., with a
U-shaped bend in its course a t 0.8-1 mm. from the vulva. The arrangement of the
genital tubes has not been made out in detail, owing to the opacity of the specimens.
The thin-walled uterine branches are crammed from end to end with short, cylindrical,
blunt-ended embryos measuring about 40 p x 8 ,u and apparently not enclosed in
membranes.
4. -
T
IGo. 12.-Parabroneina
bonnei. Posterior ond of male ; ventral vicw.
l . , loft spicule ; r., right spicule.
a.p., accessory piece ;
The body-cavity of the present specimens, more especially of the females, contains
large numbers of granules and globules of various sizes, which render it difficult,
even after clearing in creosote, to distinguish the internal structures clearly. I n
the.two males there are also curious amoeba-like masses of globules, with distinct
outlines, lying within the caudal alae. It seems possible that these may be Protozoan
parasites.
SKRJABINOFILARIA
SKRJABINI Travassos, 1925.
Syn. Cortiamosoides philanderi Foster, 1939.
This species was obtained on five occasions from thc pericardinm of Marmom
In two animals, according
cinerea near Paramaribo, in February and March, 1938,
28
*
404
H. A. BAYLIS
:
ROUNDWORMS AND
to the collector’s notes, the worms were ‘mostly bundled up by aorta on dorsal
side of heart ’ ; in others ‘ mostly round heart ’. One female worm is said by
Mr. Senderson to have measured 182 mm. in length. The length of the female is
given by Travassos (1025) as 100 mm., and by Foster (1939) as 86-150 mm. Travassos
records this species from the ‘ subcutaneous tissue of the ventral region ’ of Didelphis
opossum in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Foster describes what is unquestionably the same worm from the body-cavity of the Woolly Opossum, Philander
lnniger pallidus, in Panama. Travassos considers the genus closely related to Setaria
and Pnpillosetaria. Foster considers it most closely allied to Litomosoides Chandler,
1931.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
PROSTHENORCHIS
ELEOANS (Dies., 1851).
This species was collected on five occasions from the intestine of Saimiri sciurea,
and once from Mystux midas, in Surinam. According to Mr. Sanderson’s notes, the
uorms were usually found in the large intestine, but occasionally in the small intestine.
I n one instance, when the host (Xaimiri)had been dead a t least five hours, he states
that the worms were probably in the caecum during life. One was found in the
caecum, one just below it in the large intestine, and one immediately above, a t the
extreme end of the small intestine. ‘ This monkey had been kept alive for three
months and was subject to slight fits, becoming unconscious for a few minutes and
foaming slightly a t the mouth. It also seemed to suffer from a furious irritation
of the lower belly. This it scratched until hairless and raw. It was immediately
above the spot where the worms had resided’. M i . Sanderson further remarks
that the external surface of the caecum and of the upper 13 cm. of the large intestine
was marked with jet-black spots, which penetrated to the inner side. It seems
possible that these marked former sites of attachment of the worms. I n some
portions of intestine preserved with the worms still attached, the anterior ends of
the worms were deeply embedded in the tissues and surrounded by dense nodules
which almost reached the outer coat.
The worms attain a considerably larger size than has hitherto been recorded for
this species. Meyer (1932) states that the female is 18-25 mm. long, and the male
somewhat smaller. I n the present collection one specimen measures about 60 mm.,
and another about 70mm., in length. Mr. Sanderson’s notes mention more than
once that these worms were of a blue colour, a t least in their posterior portion, when
alive, and in one case that they were bright blue with yellow extremities.
REFERENCES.
BAYLIS,H. A. (1921). A new Genus of Nematodes parasitic in Elephants. Parasitology, 13,
pp. 57-66.
BAYLIS,
H. A. (1940). On a further Collection of Parasitic Worms from the Belgian Congo. Ann.
k MU^. Not. Hist. ( l l ) , 5, pp. 401-417.
R. (1922). Report on the Parasitic Nematodes in the Collection
BAYIJS,H. A,, S: DAUBNEY,
of thp Zoological Survey of India. Mem. Ind. Mus., 7 , pp. 263-347.
BAYLIS,
H. A., S: DAUBNEY,
R. (1926). A Synopsis of the Families and Genera of Nematoda,
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