The World between the Wars (1919-1939)
1) What was La Grippe or Spanish Flue?
2) Why did the Great Depression happen?
- Study Guide -
3) How did the American Depression affect the world?
4) Who were the Bolsheviks?
5) Who helped bring Communism to Russia?
6) What caused the Jan 1905 “Bloody Sunday” incident in Russia?
7) What was “Peace, Land, Bread”?
8) Who was ice picked in the head because of Stalin?
9) What Russian leader started collectivism of farming?
10) What were the main points of Stalinization?
11) Who led the Communist Chinese on the Long March?
12) What was the Long March?
13) Who was the Emperor of Japan?
14) What drove the Japanese expansion?
15) Why did the Japanese attack Manchuria China?
16) What group comitted the Nanjing Holocaust?
17) Who was the leader of Italy?
18) What was a Totalitarian gov't like?
19) What country did Benito Mussolini launched an invasion against?
20) What type of military gov't is based on racism & nationalism?
21) What was the Weimar Republic?
22) How did Hyperinflation affect Germany?
23) Describe Adolf Hitler rise to power.
24) Why did Germany resent the Treaty of Versailles?
25) What book did Adolf Hitler write and what does it mean?
26) What was the Nazi secret police called?
27) What type of gov't has total control over its people?
28) What does the word Fuhrer mean?
29) Who had to wear yellow stars on their cloths?
30) What night did the Nazis begin their attack on the Jews?
31) What laws were set up to determine if a person was a Jew?
32) What is Genocide, as practiced by the Nazis?
 What was the Holocaust and why did the Germans persecute
(2reasons) the Jews?
Post War Problems
 The Horrors of WWI shattered the ____________________________________________________ that
progress would continue and reason could solve problems.
- Influenza (1918 – 1920) - While WWI did not cause the _______________________, the close troop quarters and massive troop
movements ________________________________________ the pandemic, increasing transmission.
- The _____________ pandemic, commonly referred to as the ______________________ or “La Grippe”,
was an influenza pandemic that spread to nearly every part of _____________________________
- It spread even to the ___________________ and remote ________________________________ and
killed more people than the WWI. Around ________________________________ people died worldwide.
- The pandemic is estimated to have _______________________________________________ people,
________________________________________________ population at the time.
- In the United States, the disease was _________________________________ at Fort Riley, Kansas on
March 4, 1918– It traveled from Kansas to Europe and _________ again.
- It’s speculated that the soldiers’ ______________________________were weakened by malnourishment,
and the _____________________ of combat and chemical attacks, increasing their susceptibility to the disease.
-Post War- In 1919 three Nations emerged from the Paris Peace Conference powerful – _______________________
- World War I ______________ those nations who had fought the war more than _____________________
- The war _________________________ farmland, homes, villages, and towns. Although they were on the
winning side, both Great Britain and France had ___________________most of their economy on the war.
In addition, both countries suffered mass destruction of their _________________________________.
- The Allied nations also _________________________________________ more than
_____________________ in loans made during the war.
- To rebuild their factories and _________________ the USA, France and Great Britain depended heavily on the
war __________________________being paid by ___________________ under the Treaty of Versailles.
-Postwar Problems- Most Nations faced the problem of __________________________________ for the returning
_______________ and in rebuilding their war-ravaged lands.
- _________________________________________ led to radical ideas. The Russian Revolution unleashed
fears of the spread of _______________________________________.
- Germany and other ethnic groups in Eastern Europe grew very unhappy with the ____________________
of the ___________________________________. Redrawing national boundaries meant that different
nationalities and cultures now lived together in one country. This created ______________________________
__________________for Europe and the world to resolve.
- Despite these difficulties, most European nations, particularly _______________________________, were
able to regain _____________________________ of their economic strength during the early 1920s.
-Great Depression-
In the late 1920s, the world economy ____________________on the economic wellbeing or prosperity of the
_____________________. The United States economy nevertheless collapses in 1929.
- Many weaknesses in the economy led to this collapse, known as the ______________________________
- This economic depression began in ________________________________________ when the United States
____________________________________________ and sent shock waves around the world.
- The entire ________________ suffered economic devastation. Germany could no longer pay its war debt to Great
Britain and France. Germany, Great Britain, and France experienced high unemployment and raging inflation.
- The United States, hit as hard as any nation during the Depression, ______________________________ to
European __________________________ and stopped lending money.
- When the United States __________________________, other nations imposed higher tariffs as well. World
______________________________________ dramatically and unemployment rates soared.
- Although Europe’s economy will improve somewhat, high unemployment and _____________________________
never permitted Europe’s economy to fully recover until long after World War II.
 In Europe, the Great Depression caused many citizens to __________________________ in their democratic
governments. In many countries, people turned to _________________________ political groups. Some turned to
Communism; others turned to __________________________________________.
-Summary-
Sunday Bloody Sunday
-The Power of the Czars- In the mid-1800s, _________________________________, or emperors with almost total power over the
people, began to carry out reforms - they gave the people ______________________________, in an
effort to satisfy them.
- 1881, ____________________________ succeeded his father{Alexander II was blown up by a socialist
group} to the throne. He stopped all reforms and returned Russia to its __________________________.
The people once again found themselves having ____________________________ rights.
- In 1894, _______________________________________ succeeded his father, Alexander III. The people’s
desire for freedom did not die.
-Bloody Sunday- Russia’s political system was dominated by nobles. The ________________{Boyars} in Russia were
wealthy and owned huge farms. They lived off of the ________________________ by the peasants.
- When the Russian government finally decided to turn Russia into an ____________________________
masses of peasants were _______________________________________ to become factory workers.
- Working conditions in the factories were __________________. Towns rapidly became large cities filled
with workers _________________________________________ conditions.
- Still Russia remained undeveloped thus there was ______________________________ food and other
goods to ________________________________________ the Russian people.
- Those czars who attempted ________________ to help the poor met ___________________________
________________________
- The 1905 Russo-Japanese War had drained the Russian economy by raising food prices while keeping
wages low. It made living conditions __________________ for most Russians.
- In January of _____________, about 200,000 workers and their families _________________________ on
the czar’s _______________________________________ carrying petitions asking for better working
conditions and personal freedoms.
- They wanted Czar Nicholas II to permit a ___________________________ to be written. A Constitution
states the __________________________________________ of the government.
- Without warning the czar’s ________________________________________ on these unarmed people,
killing between ______________________________________ of them. When it was over, the snow was
stained with the __________________________________________.
- The slaughter of the innocent civilians came to be known as ________________________________ – it
caused mass demonstrations, mutinies in the military, strikes, and riots in cities.
-A Reluctant Czar- In October of ________________________________________ reluctantly approved the creation of a
________________________, the Russian _________________________ (or elected national
legislative or lawmaking body).
- Many ______________________ that Russia had become a constitutional monarchy. However, when
the newly elected Duma’s leaders wanted the Russian czar to ______________________________, he
refused. Instead, he ________________________________ the Duma.
- The Revolution of 1905 had ___________________________ any real changes for the Russian people.
But some important lessons had been learned by the leaders of the revolution:
a) They needed the support of both the _____________________________________.
b) Make sure the ___________________________________ the government.
-
Although the ____________________________________________________, it was another important
step leading to Russia’s most dramatic and lasting revolution: The Revolution of 1917.
-Summary-
Russian Revolution
-
March 1917, after 300 years of being ruled by czars, the Russian Revolution will force ________________
_______________________________________
- Shortly thereafter, the Bolsheviks, a _____________________________________________ led by
Vladimir Lenin, seized control of the government.
- This revolution was the beginning of communism in Russia (later renamed the ________________, or
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).
-Czar Nicholas II- Czar Nicholas II believed he was the _____________________________________ anointed by God.
- He was a very weak man:
a) Relied on his _______________________________________________ to keep him in power.
b) Became increasingly remote as a ruler - His ________________________________ cut him off
from events and was strongly influenced by ___________________________________, who
claimed to be a holy man.
c) Though he had no military experience, Czar Nicholas II insisted on ______________________ in
the field and was away from the capital.
d) In his absence, ___________________________ made ______________________________ with
the help of Rasputin. She ignored the czar’s _________________________________.
- The Russian people became __________________________ with the czar and his wife due to military and
economic disasters. Conservatives wanted to save the deteriorating situation and _____________
__________________________ late in 1916.
- Grigori Rasputin was __________________________________ times and beaten and stabbed, but he
finally died when they drowned him in an ice cold pond.
- In March 1917, working-class women led a series of strikes -They were upset about _____________
shortages and rationing because of WWI.
- Many soldiers of the soldiers sent to break up the protesters _____________________________ and
joined the demonstrators.
- The government was challenged by the ________________________, councils representing workers and
soldiers. Also a group of people called the ____________________________, Marxist followers who
believed that the royal family should be _______________________ and communism introduced.
- February 1917 - Czar Nicholas was forced to _________________ {giving up his throne} and a new
government called the provisional government took over, led by ______________________________
-Vladimir Lenin- The leader of the Communist Bolsheviks was _________________________________.
- Vladimir Ilyich Ulianov (V.I. Lenin) was born in 1870 to a middle-class family. He was educated and
became a lawyer. In 1887, his older brother Aleksandr Ulyanov was __________________________
police for planning to assassinate the czar Alexander III. This event turned Lenin into a
________________________ and he dedicated his life to overthrowing the czars.
- Committed to the Class Struggle and Revolution, he was ____________________________ Russia to
avoid being imprisoned. Lenin continued to be leader of the Bolsheviks while in ______ in Switzerland.
- ____________________ Military leaders helped him _________________________________ in an
attempt to create disorder for the new gov’t.
-October Revolution- The Bolsheviks looking for control, promised to ________________________, redistribute land to the
peasants, transfer control of factories and industries from capitalist’s __________________________ and
transfer government power to the ____________________________.
- October, 1917, the Bolsheviks seized the Winter Palace and the provisional government. Alexander
Kerensky narrowly ________________________________ and never will be able to return to Russia.
- The Bolsheviks ____________________ themselves the Communists. In March of 1918, Lenin ended the
war with Germany (Brest-Litovsk Treaty).
- In 1918, the Russian royal _____________________________________________ by the Bolsheviks.
-Summary-
Communist Russia
-USSR-.
- ___________________________ was born of well-to-do parents in the Ukraine. He was arrested in 1898 for his
revolutionary beliefs and _______________________________________, he escaped in 1902.
- He met ____________________________ while in London - Trotsky returned to Russia in 1905 to take an
active part in the revolution, but was __________________________________ and escaped again in 1907.
- After the Czar’s abdication Trotsky returned to Russia to help Lenin in the ____________________________
- Soon after the Communists took power, ___________________________________ between two groups of
Marxists in Russia.
- Bolsheviks (means “______________________________” in Russian, but in fact they had fewer members) –
The _____________________
Royals and Menshoviks {means “___________________________” in Russian, had fewer members, but this
is what the Bolsheviks called them, so it stuck} – The _______________________
- By 1920, the ________________________________________________ most of the opposing White forces.
The Communists then gained control over Georgia, Russian ___________________________, and Azerbaijan.
- The _________________________________________ the civil war in part because they had an excellent
army. As commissar of war, Leon Trotsky had brilliantly organized the army and instituted rigid discipline.
- Russia becomes the ___________________________________________________________
-“Peace, Land, Bread”- ______________ for Russia - _________________ for the peasants - _________________for the hungry.
- Communism is an ______________________________ system, which theories inspired by a German, Karl Marx.
- Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on _______________________________________ - those most
“capable” to rule should rule.
- All the “means of production” should be ___________________________________ for the good of the people
– everyone "_________________” everything and shares in the profits.
- All ____________________________________ and divided among the peasantry - Largest industrial enterprises
nationalized – no hunger, everyone works to the “best of their ability,” and everyone gets just what they need.
 Nice Idea, but Fails to take into account that we _________________________________________!
-New Regime- Lenin, the ___________________________________________ did not live to see his country’s recovery _______________________________ of a stroke.
- A struggle took place within the Communist Party, with _________________________ emerging the winner.
Stalin was born Josif Vissarionovich Dzhugashivili, but adopted the name Stalin from a Russian word meaning
_______________________________. He devoted his time to the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy
- Between 1906 and 1913, Stalin was ____________________________________ a number of times to the
___________________ in Siberia.
- In 1912 Lenin brought Stalin into the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. Although he ___________ play
much of _________________________ in the Bolshevik Revolution, Stalin advanced rapidly. In 1922 he was
elected __________________________________ of the Russian Communist Party.
- After Vladimir Lenin’s death, Stalin cleverly ____________________________ who were against him. He was
responsible for the ________________ of his co-revolutionary, Leon Trotsky.
- By December 1929, Joseph Stalin had become the _________________ of the Soviet Union, until 1953.
- Stalin was a ___________dictator - directly responsible for the murders of _____________ of Soviet people.
-Stalinization:
a) State Control of the Economy - 5-year plan, ________________________ of farming & industrialize
b) Police Terror - __________________________, Obedience, Denies basic liberties
c) Propaganda - ___________________ people’s ____________________
d) State Control Over _______________________________ - Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups,
housing, religion, education, the arts.
 Stalin created a _____________________________. Totalitarian regimes, in contrast to a dictatorship,
establish __________________ political, social, and cultural ___________ over their subjects. He transformed
the Soviet Union into an industrial and political power. Communism remained the dominant political idea in the
USSR until it was overthrown in ______
-Summary-
Communism in China
-End of the Dynasties China was ruled by a series of dynasties - ____________________________ could rule for hundreds
of years before being overthrown by other ____________________ or military leaders within China.
 During the mid-1800s, Europeans, Japanese, and Americans began to take an interest in China and
gain control over it.
 Many Chinese believed that a ____________________________ should replace the Manchu dynasty.
 The only way to achieve this goal was through revolution. A new nationalistic spirit swept across China,
and the Chinese people began trying to gain ______________________________________________
 In 1911 the Chinese _____________________________, also known as the Guomindang (gwoh min
dawng), succeeded in overthrowing the Manchu dynasty, which had ruled China since 1644.
 _______________________ (soon yee-shyahn) became the president of the new Republic of China.
 The end of imperial rule caused ________________________ to break out, as warlords and their
armies fought each other for more _______________________________________________.
 They terrorized the countryside. Peasants suffered the most. ______________________ took the lives
of millions. The civil war destroyed roads, bridges, and crops. This was the situation in China when
World War I broke out in 1914.
-After WWI After the WWI, the Chinese gov’t was disappointed that the Allied leaders refused to give up their
_____________________________ and _______________________________________ in China.
 _______________ was allowed to keep the Chinese _______________ that it had seized during the war.
 By ___________, China was forming their own ________________________________ modeling it
somewhat like the Soviet Unions.
 China Republic was in need of __________________ to strengthen its government and feed its people.
 In 1923, Vladimir Lenin and the ___________________________ agreed to send _________________
and __________________________ to China, if the Communist could join the Nationalist.
 So the two parties, the Nationalists and the Communists, formed ____________________________to
oppose the warlords and drive the ____________________________________ out of China.
 In 1925 Sun Yixian’s dies, ______________________________ becomes the leader of the Nationalists.
-Mao Zedong A Communist revolutionary named ____________________________ (mow dzuhdoong) organized the
_________________, a Communist military force dedicated to overthrowing the Nationalist government.
 He will be the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the chairman (chief of state) of the People's
Republic of China from ____________________________ and chairman of the party until his death.
 He believed that the Communists could triumph with the help of China’s _________________________.
 The Red Army will gain the popular support in ___________________________ of the country by
overthrowing local________________________________.
 Feeling that the Communists were a threat to his power, in the ___________________________, the
Guomindang/Nationalists leader Chiang Kai-shek launched a ________________________ against the
______________________________________.
-The Long March The Nationalist Army - 700,000 men led by Chiang Kai-shek surround the communists. Mao and about
_____________________________________, on a _________________________ march{The Long
March}.
 After about a _____________________________________ of deaths, the communists settle into the
__________________ in Yan’an of ______________________________ China.
 By 1930 the civil war between Nationalists and Communists continued, which will allow ___________ to
____________________________________.
-Summary-
Japanese Expansion

By the 20th century the ___________________ of Japan was growing faster than any other country. It
was rapidly becoming the first nation in _______________________________________. Japan knew
that it would need to expand and build an _____________________ to meet its economic needs.
 Even though ___________________________ had complete control, he _________________ govern
Japan’s day to day affairs this was done by the _________________________________ government.
 As long as Japan’s economy remained ______________ then the people supported their civilian gov’t.
 Then the _____________________________ hits and the Japanese government was facing a serious
_____________________________ shortages.
 Many people were __________________________________, and half the factories had closed. Ultranationalist believed that the semi-democratic government of the Taisho Era had __________________
-Military Rule After Japan defeated Russia in the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, Japan continuing to build up its
____________________________
 By the 1930s, the Prime Minister of Japan and primary military leader was _______________________
 The Military had __________________ and only reported to the emperor - they built a powerful military.
 Japan’s ________________________________ were facing the same problems many industrialized
nations did: Where could the country get the ______________________________ it needed to
manufacture goods and run its factories?
 To solve their Economic problems, Japan military leader decided _____________________________
was the only way to change things. Nearby ____________ had plenty of coal, plus industries and ports.
-Manchuria After WWI Japan was not asked to return any Chinese land(Taiwan, Korea and Sakhalin), despite
China supporting the allies.
 The Japanese _____________ stationed in China ____________________ a well-planned
_________________ of Manchuria China in 1931.
 They claimed the Chinese _______________________________________________ and they were
acting in self-defense. The truth was that they had set the _________________________________ to
provide an excuse for military action.
 They renamed it Manchukuo (means land of the ‘Manchu) and put the deposed Chinese Emperor Pu
Yi up as a _____________________________________ head.
 Japan wanted the Manchuria China’s Raw Materials of __________________________ and then went
after Southeast Asia in 1937 for their _________________.
 After the conquest of Manchuria, the Japanese turned it into an ______________________________.
 When the _________________________________ objected to the Japanese aggression, Japan
simply ______________________________ and withdrew from the league.
 The world watched as, little by little, Japan began gobbling up __________________________ nations.
-Nanjing Holocaust By 1938 there were _________________________ Japanese __________________ in China.
 China was left no alternative but to fight a full-scale war.
 Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing fell to the Japanese despite the _________________ of Chinese forces.
 Japan adopted the “Three All Campaign” {_____________________________________________}.
 Japanese troops entered _________________ on December 13, 1937 after two days of bombardment.
 In Nanjing, _____________________________________ were killed by hand in 6 weeks - Roughly
8,333 Chinese ________________________________________, for 6 weeks.
 Around ____________________________________ were raped and mutilated - 1,000 rapes per day.
 Nanjing supposedly provided an opportunity for ___________________________ because the Japans
suffered a high number of casualties in the battle of Shanghai.
-Summary-
Fascist Italy
-Fascism- People began looking for new leaders to help them ___________their problems and rebuild their countries.
- Sometimes these new leaders became dictators, or _________________________________________ and
control over their countries and denying people ___________________________________.
- Fascist dictators eventually rose to power in ____________________________________, and Spain.
- The word _________________________ from the ancient Roman symbol of authority, the fasces—a bundle of
rods __________________________________________________.
 Fascism a ________________________ led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition
a) They believe that the state, or the nation’s gov’t, must be all-powerful. It promotes an _____________form
of _____________________________________________________________________
b) The rights of the individual were ____________ important than those of the state.
c) They ____________________ their ______________________ using propaganda and censorship.
d) Fascists believed that democratic governments were _________________ and inefficient.
e) Like Communist rule in Russia, fascism gave supreme power to the ______________and permitted only
__________________________ party: the Fascist Party.
-Benito Mussolini- After World War I, Italy’s economy was weak, and the Italian government was deeply in ___________. High
unemployment and _________________________ left many Italians jobless and poor.
- One person who offered Italy a solution to all its problems was ______________________________ who
organized the Fascist movement in Italy.
- Mussolini originally a Socialist, _____________ - Promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire.
- Mussolini’s Fascist Party wore ___________________ as their uniform, and so they were called Black Shirts.
- Unlike the communist, the right to rule came from the _____________________________________.
Mussolini’s Fascist gov’t drew its support from ____________________________________________.
- Mussolini and his Fascists had gained power because he was anti-Communist and believed in private
ownership of industry and land, many business people and landowners contributed ________________ to his
party to ______________________________________. His promise of rebuilding a strong military also
attracted the support of soldiers.
- “____________________________ - 25,000 Black Shirts staged demonstrations throughout the capital.
- King ____________________________________ declares Mussolini Prime Minister because he feared civil
war- Becomes the Dictator 1922.
-Fascists in Power- Fascist Italy favored dictatorship with a strong central government and ____________________ uniting its
entire people in one goal.
- Mussolini was now __________________ the leader. He ruled by decree—_______________ was law.
- Once in power, Mussolini began working to keep power. He quickly outlawed all other political groups,
______________________ and took away the freedom of ____________ and the freedom of the press.
- Mussolini organized his supporters into combat squads which rejected the democratic process in favor of
______________________________.
- The Black Shirts would break up socialist rallies, __________ leftist presses, and attack farmer’s unions.
Using terror and _______________________, they forced out officials in northern Italy. People who were
against Mussolini were either ___________________________________________.
- The citizens had lost all civil rights and Italy was now a __________________________________, the
government _________________________________________________ of human activity.
- Propaganda - _______________________ - controlling information to advance a cause or damage an opponent's cause.
- Fascists held parades and built monuments all over Italy. All ______________ was controlled by the Fascists.
- People __________________ that Italy’s economy was improving because of Mussolini and his laws. The truth
was that only a few of Mussolini’s Fascist followers were ________________________. The people were
actually no better off.
- Mussolini set out to prove to the world just how powerful Italy and its army was – attacked ________________
in 1935, almost ________________________________ country in east Africa.
-Summary-
Germany: The Rise of Nazism
-After WWI- Under Mussolini’s leadership, __________ became a model for the rise of fascism in other countries.
Using his tactics, Adolf Hitler will rise to power in Germany.
- After WWI Germany was in a state of _______________ despair and _______________l instability.
- Germany became a ________________________(was a monarchy), and its national government was
elected by its citizens - known as the __________________________________________
- The first __________ years of the German _______________Republic saw riots, strikes, shootings and
attempts to overthrow government. Two of the most important _____________________________ were
the Communists and the Friekorp (private armies).
- Many Germans believed that the ____________________________________________ rate that made
the country’s money practically worthless was _____________________ by the Treaty of Versailles.
- ________________________________ is a situation where the price increases are so out of control.
Treaty of Versailles- The Treaty blamed Germany for WWI and punished them for it:
1) Took away _________________________ from them - about 13% of all her land.
2) Reduced its __________________________.
3) Pay ________________________________ reparations.
- European countries _____________________________ the Treaty, which caused Germany to Resent
the winning European countries.
- 1924-30, the _________________________________________ agreed to give Germany more time to
pay reparations and 800 million marks in _________________. Germany’s prosperity slightly improved.
- Then Oct 1929, the Wall Street Crash saw the value of American shares collapse. US bankers and
businesses started ______________________________________. German companies went bankrupt
overnight, workers were sacked and _____________________________________ the nation again.
- Sadly, the problems faced by Germany required _________________________________ and not good
intentions by the leaders of the Weimar Republic.
- Germans were eager for a leader who promised to rebuild the country - ______________ was this man.
-Adolf Hitler- Born April 20th,1889 in ______________________
- Hitler’s father was mean and harsh to him - ______________ beat him into a coma at age ________
- Hitler was much closer to his ______ (His mother is the niece of his father and dies when Hitler was 19).
- Hitler’s mom died of______________in 1907 and he blamed her ___________________________.
- He wanted to be a artiest but, _____________________ by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts(board
members Jewish).
- He survived as a _______________________________ by selling paintings to tourists and living on a
small inheritance and orphan’s pension.
- Joined the ___________________________ in 1914 & was wounded and awarded the Iron Cross.
- While recovering, he was convinced that his destiny was to ___________________________ after WWI.
- After the war, he joined the ____________________________________, also known as the Nazi Party.
- The party adopted the _______________________, or hooked cross, as its symbol. The Nazi Party was
extremely nationalistic, _______________________________________________________________.
- Nazism is a form of______________________that believed that the state, or the nation’s government,
must be all-powerful.
- He became a popular speaker (in ___________________)and the ________{Schutzstaffel } were
formed to police the Nazi party meetings. (____________________________________ were his brown
shirted elite guards/soldiers)
- He blamed the conditions of Germany on the ________ and that they were going to take over Germany.
-Summary-
Rise of a Dictator
-Rise of a Mad Man- Nov 1923 -The Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler was arrested for ______________________________ uprising
against the government of _____________________.
- While serving a __________________________(out of 5 years) sentence after the unsuccessful coup
attempt, Hitler’s Political Ideas were recorded in his book, “_____________________” {my struggle}.
- In Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote:
a) German race of people (the so-called Aryan “race”) was the ______________________
b) He also declared that the non-Aryan “races”—such as _________, Slavs, and Gypsies —were
___________________________ or subhuman.
c) Aryan master race born to _______________________________________________
d) Germany was overcrowded, and needed more_________________________or living space.
e) Hitler planned to _______________ Eastern Europe and Russia and annex land for Germany.
- Hitler’s message of ____________ played on the wounded German ________________________.
- Hitler also began to make secret deals with important groups in Germany: the ______________ and the
____________________________
- Hitler promised army leaders that when he became the leader of Germany, he would rebuild the army. He
promised industrialists that he would outlaw ____________________________ and put a stop to
_____________________________
-Hitler comes to Power- By 1932 the Nazis had 800,000 members. They had become the country’s largest political party in The
__________________________(German Parliament).
- On January 30, 1933, Germany’s President _________________________________ appointed Hitler as
the ____________________________, or prime minister
- Feb 27 1933, the Reichstag{Their Congress} mysterious ________________________ - communists
were _____________________________ - It helped the Nazi’s win the peoples approval.
- Hitler asked Von Hindenburg to give him emergency powers to take any action necessary to destroy the
Communist menace. Von Hindenburg agreed.
- The ________________________, This was a clause that gave the president of the Weimar Republic the
right to dismiss parliament and _________________________________ if he decided there was a ‘state
of emergency’ allows the Gov’t to become a dictatorship under Hitler.
- This gave the government the power to put aside the Constitution for four years while laws for dealing with
the country’s problems. The Nazis could now ____________________________ anyone.
- It was during this time that the Nazis opened ____________________________ for political prisoners and
all political parties and trade unions were abolished. A _____ form had you sent to a Concentration camp.
- When Von Hindenburg __________, Hitler became the sole ruler of Germany and he declares himself
the__________________{Leader} of Germany.
- The _____________________, or third empire, had begun its brutal and merciless reign.
-Reign of Terror Begins- June 30th to July 2, 1934 Hitler __________________ all of his political opposition, this is known as the,
"_____________________________________” (about 85 to 100 people).
- The Gestapo{_______________}, loyal only to Hitler, searched out any opposition to Hitler. They had
unlimited power to ________________, torture, and murder anyone.
- The Gestapo were responsible for the _______________________________, execution squads, and
death camps that had been created for the attempted extermination of all _______________in Europe.
- __________________________________ who oversaw & directed the Concentration camps, Gestapo,
Head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), the ______________________ {army that rounded up and killed Jews},
and Minister of the Interior.
- He appoints ______________________________in charge of his secret police known as the Gestapo.
- _________________________________ was Deputy Fuhrer – third in power behind Hitler and Goering.
Hess was integral to the establishment of the Nuremberg Laws.
-Summary-
-
________________________________________ took command in re-arming Germany.
________________________________________ was put in charge of Nazi Propaganda. The Nazi’s introduced a
system of Propaganda censorship where you could only ___________________________
_____________________the Nazi’s wanted you to. He used radio, newspapers, magazines, large rallies, and
movies to maintain support for the Nazis. They ___________________________ which did not meet their approval.
-The Hitler Youth- Hitler Youth was an organization for _______________________________ between the ages of 10 to 18.
- It was established as a means of ______________________________________ Germans, both boys and girls, to
become _____________________________________ of Hitler’s Nazi Party.
- Hitler Youth _________________________________ duty, strength, and ruthlessness, obedience
{__________________________ against Hitler}.
- Young boys were also trained in the _______________________________.
- Young girls were taught domestic skills such as cooking, cleaning house, and _____________________
The Holocaust{Total burning}
-Why?- Holocaust - Greek word: ______________________________________ or Sacrifice by burning.
- ____________________- This is the term given to political, social and economic agitation against Jews.
- Christian religion blamed the __________________________________________ on the Jews.
- Jealousy, some Jews were ___________________________ in Austria and Germany in the 20’s & 30’s.
- Germans blamed them for the ________________________________________________.
- Communism was _______________________ after, WWI – Some Jews belong to the Communist party.
-Aryan Race- ____________________ - This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. These were
people with full German __________________________________ hair and blue eyes.
- Nazi’s believed Germans to be “_____________________________________________”.
- The Jews, Gypsies, ________________________________, homosexual and the communists, etc, were
_______________________________________________ (stains) to the purity of the Aryan race.
- The Nazis used hatred of the Jews to __________________________ people and create a new Empire.
- _____________ (Germans of mixed race) - one Jewish grandparent were considered technically Jewish.
- A full Jew is anyone with ___________________________________________ Grandparents.
- The Jews made up only 1% of Germany’s _____________________ (523 thousand Jews to 67 million).
- Hitler and the Nazis were simply opportunistic demagogues. Inciting hatred of the Jews was the
“__________________________________________”{to get what they wanted}.
-The Nuremberg Laws –
- From 1933 to 1938 over ___________________________________________________________
- Jews had to wear _____________________________________________________ on their passports.
- Could not own___________________________________ or head one. They had a curfew and later could
not own _____________________________ by 1941couldn’t leave Germany.
- Hitler believed Oppressing Jews would “_____________________” German culture.
- ___________________________{Night of Broken Glass}, Nov 10, 1938 ________________________like
Synagogues (around 1,400 were destroyed) were attacked all over Germany - 100 killed & 30,000 arrested;
the Holocaust is now put into full force.
- 1939 - _______ left Germany, about 118,000. About _____________ Jews managed to emigrate before
the “Final Solution”.
-Final Solution- Nazi’s plan to implement the _______________________________ of the European Jewish population.
- ___________________________________ Concentration camp opens.
- __________________________________ were introduced in 1942
- They used Zyklon-B __________________________________________________ in the death camps.
 Number of Jews killed = _____________________ *Number killed in Holocaust = _________________
 Josef Mengele “The Angel of Death”, used Auschwitz to research heredity, using the inmates for in-human experimentation
-Summary-