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section 12
12
first aid
It is important that everyone has knowledge of first aid as they could be
called on at any time to assist a person who has become ill or injured.
In the workplace there should be at least one trained first aid person.
It is preferable to have two. Training is available throughout
New Zealand and training providers are listed in the yellow pages
under “First Aid Training”.
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section 12 – first aid
12.1 CPR – Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
Patient Management Plan
S
R
A
B
C
D
S
Check Safety for self, bystanders and patient(s).
Check Response using voice and touch.
If no resonse, call 111 and ask for an ambulance.
Open and clear the Airway
Look, listen and feel for Breathing or other signs of life.
Give 2 breaths to make chest rise.
Give 30 chest Compressions at approximately 100 per minute, then give 2
breaths. Continue ration of 30:2 until the ambulance arrives.
Defibrillate – attach AED as soon as available.
Follow the prompts.
Check for Severe bleeding..
For adult CPR, start with 30 compressions, then 2 breaths.
For a child or baby, start with 2 breaths and then give 30 compressions.
Continue CPR until ambulance arrives or signs of life return.
No signs of life = no response, not breathing normally, not moving.
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12.2 Hypothermia
If a person has been exposed to very cold and/or wet conditions they will most likely experience
hypothermia. In which case you need to:
•
•
•
•
get the patient into a sheltered position
remove wet clothing and put dry clothes or blankets on them
get the patient warm and then stabilise their temperature
give them warm or high-energy food.
12.3 Burns
Heat and electrical burns:
•
•
•
•
•
Immerse the burnt part of the body in cold, fresh water.
Keep immersed in cold water for at least 20 minutes.
Do not put any medication on burns!
Wrap the burned area in a sterile bandage.
Treat the patient for shock.
Sunburn:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Keep out of the sun.
Apply cold water or soak in cold water.
Calamine lotion can be applied to itchy parts of the skin.
Apply moisturising cream or lotion.
Drink plenty of water.
Don’t drink alcohol.
If the skin blisters, apply antiseptic cream or hydrocortisone cream.
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section 12 – first aid
12.4 Shock
If a person has suffered a moderate or major injury they will suffer from shock. Treat them by doing
the following:
•
•
•
Lie the patient on their back with their feet at a slightly higher level than their head.
Stay with the patient and keep reassuring them.
Maintain their body temperature by keeping them warm, but do not over-heat.
12.5 Stroke
The most common symptoms of a stroke are one or more of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
numbness, tingling, paralysis of the face, arm or leg
sudden blurred or limited vision in one or both eyes
sudden difficulty speaking or understanding what others are saying
sudden dizziness, loss of balance, difficulty with movements
a sudden intense headache, often on one side or down the neck
a brief episode of confusion.
Sit or lie down immediately and stop working!
Call for an ambulance.
12.6 Heart attack
The characteristic chest pain of a heart attack is persistent, in the centre of the chest and severe, and
often described as squeezing, pressing or tightness. It is often accompanied by sweating, faintness,
nausea or vomiting, and shortness of breath.
The pain may start in your chest or one or both arms, more commonly the left, and move into the
neck, back and abdomen.
If any severe chest pain lasts for more than 15 minutes without easing, it should be assumed
to be a heart attack and you should seek help immediately.
Dial 111 and ask for an ambulance.
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12.7 Poisons
If poison is swallowed or breathed in
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Protect yourself from poisoning if it is in gas or liquid form.
DO quickly move the person away from the gas or fumes into fresh air.
DO NOT try to rescue an unconscious person if a highly toxic or unknown gas is involved,
unless you are wearing a breathing apparatus.
Dial 111 and ask for an ambulance.
If the patient is not breathing or does not have a pulse:
–
start CPR.
If the person is sleepy or unconscious but is still breathing:
–
place them in the recovery position:
Lie the person on their side (not on their back)
Ensure their head is lower than their body.
Seek medical advice from a Poisons Centre or your doctor.
Bring the product container or the Material Safety Data Sheet to the phone if you can.
DO NOT make the person vomit without advice from a medical professional.
If poison is in the eye
•
•
•
Flush with fresh water for at least 15 minutes.
DO NOT use an eye bath solution or eye drops.
DO NOT use a shower to flush the eye as the pressure may cause pain.
If poison is on the skin
•
Immediately flush with lots of water.
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section 12 – first aid
12.8 Cuts and scratches
Bad cuts
•
•
•
Stem the flow of blood by wrapping with any clean bandage or material.
If an amputation has occurred collect severed section in a clean plastic bag and place “on ice”.
Treat for shock.
Minor cuts
•
•
•
•
•
These can get infected very quickly if they are not kept clean and dry.
Clean wound immediately with clean water or a saline solution.
Apply antiseptic cream.
Cover with a dry, sterile dressing.
Keep dry!
12.9 Electric shock
•
•
•
•
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Don’t touch the person! They may still be in contact with the electrical source and you could
get electrocuted.
Turn off the source of electricity if possible.
Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement).
Prevent shock. Put the person in the recovery position:
–
Lie the person on their side (not on their back).
–
Ensure their head is lower than their body.
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!
employer’s
responsibilities:
Employers need to:
•
•
•
•
make sure that injured people receive first aid as soon as possible
make sure you have at least one trained first aid person in your workplace.
In larger companies there should be at least one in each department or at
each site
make sure you have an adequate first aid kit in your workplace including at
every site as well as in company vehicles
make sure you check first aid kit contents regularly as well as immediately
after they have been used.
more information:
Further information:
•
•
Health Information for New Zealanders – available via www.everybody.co.nz.
http://www.poisons.co.nz.
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appendix
self-check
Managing health and safety
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Does the workplace have an H&S policy?
Is there a workplace system that identifies hazards?
Is that system reviewed regularly?
Is there a system that informs all workers about new hazards?
Does the workplace have a system that informs contractors about
hazards and monitors their performance?
Are the codes of practices, regulations and standards that are
applicable to your workplace or type of work available?
Are workers involved in the continual development of H&S
systems?
Is there a process for checking that workers are adequately trained
before they are tasked with a job?
Is there a record of training and qualifications for all workers?
Have you got a register of all accidents in your work place?
Have all accidents and incidents been investigated?
Working environment
Are all emergency exits well marked, free of obstruction, unlocked
and able to be opened from the inside?
Are walkways, guard rails and, stairs in good condition?
Are workers aware of the signs of dehydration and what to do if
they think they are dehydrated?
Are workers provided with the appropriate protection against heat
and dehydration?
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Working environment (continued)
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Are workers provided with the appropriate clothing when they
work in conditions of extreme heat or cold?
Are ventilation and exhaust systems of adequate capacity, located
correctly and working?
Are sealable containers provided for dust- contaminated materials?.
Are the correct respirators provided and cared for?
Is noise reduced at the source?
Are Hazardous Substance Locations used and clearly marked?
Are Hazardous Atmosphere Zones in place and clearly marked?
Are Location Test Certificates held and current?
Are personnel trained and certified as Approved Handlers?
Are people filling gas bottles qualified Approved Fillers?
Are hearing tests conducted regularly (at least annually)?
Is appropriate eye protection provided and worn?
High-risk activities
Is all scaffolding undertaken by appropriately trained and qualified
people?
Are workers trained in using powered access equipment?
Are there suitable fall arrest or restraint harnesses etc in the workplace
that are “in date” (e.g.: not past expiry date) and compliant?
Are workers trained in how to use safety harnesses and fall constraints?
Is it common practice for workers to wear hard hats and insist on
others wearing them?
Are all scaffolding structures erected correctly to minimise the risk
of people and objects falling from them?.
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appendix
High-risk activities (continued)
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Are workers trained for work in confined spaces?
Do you have a confined space entry permit system in place?
Lifting and moving
Are there clear guidelines for workers regarding manual lifting?
Is lifting apparatus provided?
Is there a record of lifting strops, slings etc with their capacity and
test dates recorded?
Is all lifting gear in good condition?
Are props and stands used safely?
Are workers trained in manual lifting?
Are workers trained in using cranes and gantry as well as rigging?
Do only trained and licensed persons drive forklifts at the
workplace?
Have back injuries or complaints of discomfort been investigated?
Machine guarding and lockout
Is there a system for checking interlocks and emergency stops?
Are guards in place on grinders?
Punch and & forming press -– closed tool?
Are guards in place on roller formers?
Are guards in place on milling machinery?
Are guards in place on guillotines?
Are guards in place on press brakes?
Are guards in place on drill presses?
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Machine guarding and lockout (continued)
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Are guards in place on lathes?
Are guards in place on cut-off saws?
Are guards in place and dead man switches fitted on portable
grinders?
Are guards fitted on other machinery?
Electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and refrigeration systems
Are all electrical cabinets locked and well marked?
Is there a tag out system for portable electrical equipment?
Are residual current devices (RCD’s) or similar electrical isolators
provided and used?
Is all hydraulic equipment in good order and regularly checked?
Is there a test system for checking condition of pneumatic
equipment?
Are refrigeration systems well marked with warning signs?
Machining
Are only trained persons using machining equipment?
Are machines located to facilitate safe operation as well as safe
passage?
Welding
Are all workers trained to weld safely?
Is general ventilation adequate?
Is extraction provided at source?
Are gas bottles restrained?
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appendix
Welding (continued)
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Do all gas welders have flashback arrestors fitted?
Are welding curtains and screens in use?
Is suitable PPE worn to protect against radiation, heat, sparks,
molten metal and slag?
Are the respirators provided suitable for the purpose?
Is guidance provided to ensure workers use eye protection ei.eg.
welding face shields and goggles fitted with the correct shade of
filter lens?
Are workers using electric welding equipment aware of the
precautions to avoid electric shock?
Is the work area always checked for fire/explosion hazards before
welding or cutting is carried out?
Is the ventilation adequate for the welding process and welding
consumables being used?
Are lung function tests undertaken annually?
Is there a hot work permit system available?
Is it understood that welding/cutting is forbidden in confined
spaces unless formal safety procedures are in place?
Are workers trained for welding in confined spaces?
Is there a confined space entry permit procedure?
Fabrication
Are safety interlocks and guards regularly checked?
Is appropriate PPE provided and& worn?
Metal casting
Are only trained persons in the area of molten metal?
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Metal casting (continued)
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Are extraction systems available and functioning inat all
appropriate work areas?
Are appropriate respirators being worn?
Are respirators kept clean and in good order?
Is effective heat- protective PPE being worn?
Is there a worker health monitoring system in place?
Are there clear procedures for work on refractory?
Are spill pits and metal feed areas dry?
Are materials stored safely?
Are all electrical cabinets locked and well marked?
Emergency procedures
Are there emergency/evacuation plans and procedures in place for
the workplace?
Have workers been involved in the development of the emergency
procedures?
Is everyone familiar with the emergency procedures?
Are emergency exits clearly marked?
Are fire extinguishers serviced, in good order and appropriately
located?
Is the workplace well equipped with fire detection systems?
Are fire detection systems tested regularly?
Are all extinguishers clearly marked and available?
Are fire drills done, and recorded, often?
Are workers trained in using fire appliances?
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appendix
First aid
Yes
No
N/A
Is there a good first aid kit available?
Is the first aid kit checked at regular intervals and kept stocked?
Are there sufficient first aid trained personnel in the work place?
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