LectExam2_19,20,22_Review
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
A.
C.
E.
Which of the following carry oxygen-poor blood?
Pulmonary veins and vena cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
Aorta and vena cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries
2. Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle
(LV)?
A. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  atrioventricular (AV) node  Purkinje fibers 
cardiocyte in LV
B. Atrioventricular (AV) node  Purkinje fibers  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  sinoatrial (SA) node 
cardiocyte in LV
C. Atrioventricular (AV) node  sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  Purkinje fibers 
cardiocyte in LV
D. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  Purkinje fibers 
cardiocyte in LV
E. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) node  Purkinje fibers  atrioventricular (AV) bundle 
cardiocyte in LV
3. The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of __________.
A. Na+ inflow
B. K+ inflow
C. K+ outflow
D. fast Ca2+ channels
E. slow Ca2+ channels
4. If the sinoatrial (SA) node is damaged, the heart will likely beat at __________ bpm.
A. 0 to 10
B. 10 to 20
C. 20 to 40
D. 40 to 50
E. 70 to 80
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle?
Ventricular filling  isovolumetric contraction  isovolumetric relaxation  ventricular ejection
Ventricular filling  isovolumetric relaxation  isovolumetric contraction  ventricular ejection
Ventricular filling  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric contraction  isovolumetric relaxation
Ventricular filling  isovolumetric relaxation  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular filling  isovolumetric contraction  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric relaxation
6. Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have
strong-resilient tissue structure.
A. resistance
B. capacitance
C. hydrodynamic
D. compliance
E. fenestrated
7.
A.
C.
E.
Which of the following is associated with vasoreflexes?
Collagen and elastic tissue in the tunica media
B. Elastic tissue in the tunica externa
Endothelium in the tunica interna
D. Smooth muscle in the tunica media
Fenestrations in the tunica externa
8. Which of the following would decrease the velocity of blood flow?
A. Increased viscosity
B. Increased blood pressure
D. Increased afterload
E. Decreased vasomotion
C. Increased vessel radius
9. Which of the following has the most important effect on blood velocity?
A. Blood viscosity
B. Vessel radius
C. Blood osmolarity
D. Hematocrit
E. Vessel length
10. What type of shock can be produced by hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration?
A. Anaphylactic
B. Cardiogenic
C. Hypovolemic
D. Venous pooling
E. Neurogenic
11. What type of shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary
permeability?
A. Compensated
B. Anaphylactic
C. Neurogenic
D. Cardiogenic
E. Septic
12. Blood flow to the __________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates
from 60 to 140 mm Hg.
A. hypothalamus
B. adrenal gland
C. stomach
D. skeletal muscles
E. kidneys
13. Why does our blood pressure generally go up as we age?
A. Our veins get 'hard' and absorb less systolic force
B. Our veins get 'hard' and absorb less diastolic force
C. Our arteries get 'hard' and absorb less systolic force
D. Our arteries get 'hard' and absorb less diastolic force
14. How is venous return to your heart affected when you go for an easy jog?
A. It is increased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity
B. It is decreased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity
C. It is decreased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity
D. It is increased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity
15. Which of the following statements about TIAs and CVAs is true?
A. TIAs are often early warning signs of an impending stroke.
B. TIAs are the result of brain tissue death caused by ischemia.
C. A CVA usually results from spasms of diseased cerebral arteries.
D. TIAs often result in blindness and paralysis.
16. During exercise, arterioles to the skeletal muscles __________.
A. dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites
B. constrict in response to increased muscle metabolites
C. dilate in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
D. constrict in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
17. Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the _________.
A. aorta
B. pulmonary artery
C. pulmonary vein
D. inferior vena cava
E. superior vena cava
18. The addition of CO2 to the blood generates __________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs
to unload more oxygen.
A. sodium
B. potassium
C. nitrogen
D. hydrogen
E. chloride
19. Output from higher brain centers can bypass both the DRG and VRG and go directly to __________, which
controls the accessory muscles of respiration.
A. the diaphragm
B. spinal integration centers
C. the cerebral cortex
D. the vagus nerve
20. Which of the following issues output to the VRG to adjust the respiratory rhythm?
A. DRG
B. PRG
C. NRG
D. SRG
21. The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid is monitored by which of these brainstem centers?
A. PRG
B. Hypothalamic osmoreceptors
C. Medullary baroreceptors
D. Central chemoreceptors
22. Emotional states are integrated by the __________, which generates an output that creates such
respiratory variations as laughing and crying.
A. VRG
B. PRG
C. DRG
D. SRG
23. How is alveolar air different than inspired air?
A. Alveolar air has a higher PN2 than inspired air.
C. Alveolar air has a higher PO2 than inspired air.
B. Alveolar air has a lower PCO2 than inspired air.
D. Alveolar air has a higher PH2O than inhaled air.
24. Metabolically active tissues have which of the following sets of conditions that shift the oxyhemoglobin
dissociation curve to the right?
A.  PO2,  PCO2,  temperature,  BPG
B.  PO2,  PCO2,  temperature,  BPG
C.  PO2,  PCO2,  temperature,  BPG
D.  PO2,  PCO2,  temperature,  BPG
25. Conditions around metabolically active tissues do what to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
A. Shift it right
B. Shift it left
C. Decrease the slope
D. Increase the slope