FAO-UN
Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
BIRDS
Bharithi Integrated Rural
Development Society
Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems Project
(APFAMGS Project)
GCP/IND/175/NET
Terminal Report
June 2010
Technical support Team’s Office,
H.No. 12-13-373, 1st floor, Street No-18, Chakravarthuala Nilayam, Sadashiva Nagar Colony,
Tarnaka, Secunderabad-500 017, A.P. INDIA.
Phone: +91-40-27014730, 27014936, Fax: +91-40-27014937.
Website: http://www.apfamgs.org E-mail: [email protected]
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Abbreviations and acronyms
ii
iv
1
Introduction
1.1
Background to the project
01
1.1.1
Groundwater development in Andhra Pradesh
01
1.1.2
Project area
03
1.1.3
Support of the government in project Implementation
05
1.1.4
Integration and coordination with on going government programmes
05
1.2
Outline of official arrangements
06
1.3
Objectives of the project
08
Overall Development Objective
08
1.3.1
2
Project Outputs and Supporting Processes
2.1
Project outputs
10
2.1.1
Hydro-meteorological monitoring network
10
2.1.2
Farmer data collection
10
2.1.3
Community Institutions
11
2.1.4
Gender Participation
12
2.1.5
Community-friendly communication
13
2.1.6
Farmer water schools (FWS)
14
2.1.7
Crop Water Budgeting Workshop
15
2.1.8
Reduction on Groundwater pumping
16
2.1.9
Artificial Groundwater Recharge
18
2.1.10
Farmer Data Management
19
2.1.11
GIS Data Sets and website
20
2.2
Supporting Processes
22
2.2.1
Influencing policies
22
2.2.2
Local Governance
22
2.2.3
Capacity Building of Government Departments
22
2.2.4
Information Dissemination
24
2.2.5
Establishing New Partnerships
25
3
Conclusions and Recommendations
26
3.1
Conclusions
26
3.2
Recommendations
27
ii
Annexes
Annex 1
List of Partner NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project
30
Annex 2
List of PNGO Staff, per 31st August 2009
31
Annex 3
List of Hydro-meteorological Networks established under the project
32
Annex 4
List of equipment/material/assets transferred to HUNs
34
Annex 5
Data sets available per 31st August 2009
35
Annex 6
List of Registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs)
36
Annex 7
Gender balance in the project with reference to key indicators
38
Annex 8
Community Capacity Building activities implemented by the project
39
Annex 9
List of FWS graduates trained by the project
42
Annex 10
Crop Water Budgeting Workshops conducted during the project period
44
Annex 11
Schemes tapped by HUNs for efficient use of irrigation water
46
Annex 12
Area cropped under different crops during the project period
48
Annex 13
Groundwater draft during the project period
49
Annex 14
Static Water Levels in the project area during the project period
51
Annex 15
Results of Artificial Groundwater Recharge interventions of the project
53
Annex 16
Details of the revenue generated by HUNs on data sales and visitors
54
Annex 17
GIS data sets generated by the project
56
Annex 18
Foreign students/visitors to APFAMGS project
65
Annex 19
Capacity building activities conducted by project for agencies within India
66
Annex 20
Frequently Asked Question (Visitors)
69
Annex 21
Frequently Asked Question (Farmers)
70
Annex 22
Publications/presentations and other material produced by APFAMGS
71
iii
Abbreviations & Acronyms
ACIAR
Australian Council for International Agriculture Research
AFPRO
Action For Food Production
AGR
Artificial Groundwater Recharge
ANGRAU
Acharya N G Ranga Agriculture University
AP
Andhra Pradesh
APFAMGS
Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems Project
APSGWD
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater Department
APWAM
Andhra Pradesh Water Management Project
APCBTMP
Andhra Pradesh Community Based Tank Management Project
BIRDS
Bharathi Integrated Rural Development Society
CBOs
Community Based Institutions
CADA
command area development authority
CARE
Centre for Applied Research & Extension
CARVE
Collective Activity for Rejuvenation of Village Arts and Environment
CGWB
Central Ground Water Board
CHETHANA
Network of Several NGOs
CRD
Commissioner of Rural Development
CRIDA
Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture
CWB
Crop Water Budgeting
CWE
Crop Water Economic
DA
Document Assistant
DIPA
Development Initiatives and People’s Action
DPD
Deputy Project Director
DSGM
Demand Side Groundwater Management
DWMA
District Water Management Agency
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAOIN
Food and Agriculture Organization -INDIA
FAQ
Frequently Asked Question
FFS
Farmer Field Schools
HPR
Half Yearly Progress
FWS
Farmer Water Schools
GF
Gender Facilitator
GFAR
Global Forum on Agriculture Research
GMC
Groundwater Management Committee
GIS
Geographical Information System
GOI
Government of India
Govt.
Gouvernement
GVS
Gram Vikas Samstha
GWD
Groundwater Department
iv
HF
Hydrological Facilitator
HRIS
Habitation Resource Information System
HU
Hydrologic Unit
HUN
Hydrologic Unit Network
HMN
Hydrological Monitoring Network
HMR
Hydrological Monitoring Records
IAMWARM
Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management
IDF
Institutional Development Facilitator
IPM
Integrated Pest Management
IWMI
International Water Management Institute
MAR
Managed Aquifer Recharge
MANAGE
National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
MoWR
Ministry of Water Resources
MDO
Mandal Development Office
MLA
Member of the Legislative Assembly
NABARD
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NEX
Nationally Executed Projects
NFE
Non Formal Education
NFEF
Non Formal Education Facilitator
NGO
Non Governmental Organization
NGRI
National Geophysical Research Institute
OB
Office Boy
OB wells
Observation wells
PARTNER
People’s Activity and Rural Technology Nurturing Ecological Rejuvenation
PHM
Participatory Hydrological Monitoring
PNGO
Partner NGO
PSC
Project Steering Committee
RARS
Regional Agriculture Research Stations
RNE
Royal Netherlands Embassy
SAFE
Society For Sustainable Agriculture And Forest Ecology
SAID
Social Awareness for Integrated Development
SYA
Star Youth Association
SWL
Static Water Level
TOT
Training of Trainers
TST
Technical Support Team
VC
Village Coordinator
v
1.
Introduction
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT
1.1.1 Groundwater Development in Andhra Pradesh
Groundwater is a major source of irrigation meeting more than half of all the irrigation needs of the state
of Andhra Pradesh. There are more than 2.2 million wells (open dug wells, shallow infiltration wells, and
deeper bore-wells/tube wells)1.
Groundwater is the premier source in the districts not supported by
extensive surface irrigation projects. In such areas, groundwater has come to be the critical input for
much of agriculture development. In the last two decades, Groundwater role specifically in agriculture
development and rural water supply requirements has increased manifold. The critical role played by
groundwater in the areas of food security, health, sanitation has not received the respect it deserves
while its contribution to generation of jobs in the agriculture sector, and its effective role in reducing
migration needs better valuation. Overall contribution of Groundwater to agriculture wealth creation
across the different social strata in Andhra Pradesh is by far more than the surface irrigation sources.
Large parts of the state are covered by hard-rocks where the aquifers are not extensive and controlled
by secondary openings that offer limited discharge. Localized extension of the aquifer combined with
limited yields has led to rapid growth in the number of bore wells in the state over the last three
decades. The current estimates of bore well depths for irrigation shows steady increase from 30m to over
90m and as much as 200m in some areas. While this period has seen a two-fold increase in the area
under groundwater irrigation, with very little public investment in groundwater management, the area
under surface irrigation has not increased over the same period despite substantial investments.
Groundwater development beyond sustainable limits is reported in the districts of Kadapa, Anantapur,
Chittoor, Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda, Prakasam, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nizamabad, Karimnagar,
Warangal, Nellore and West Godavari. In all these, area contribution of groundwater to overall food
production is significant.
Close to 50% of net irrigated area in Andhra Pradesh State is contributed from
the use of ground water.
Figure 1: Progress in groundwater and
surface water irrigated area in Andhra Pradesh, 1978–2008
1
Overcoming Droughts, Adaptation Strategies for Andhra Pradesh, India, 2006 The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
Terminal Report
1
Disproportionate increase in area under groundwater irrigation at a time when steep decline in areas
under canal and tank irrigation is witnessed, has led to stagnation in the net food production2.
Over exploitation of groundwater is leading to steep decline in groundwater levels and failure of wells in
39% of the micro-drainage basins in the state. The initiative of the state Government in altering this
situation is through an ambitious program referred to as “Jala Yagnam” which involves completion of 30
major and 18 medium irrigation projects at a cost of US$ 920 million, for creating an additional irrigation
in 3 million ha3. Provision of water from major irrigation projects is largely for areas that show no major
groundwater over pumping. Thus, large areas that show groundwater distress will continue to show
declines in groundwater levels and failure of wells. In spite of the construction of major projects more
farmers are investing in new wells, which is a cause for concern. The steady rise in the groundwaterirrigated area is largely from private funds. The desire to acquire full control over the irrigation water will
only encourage further development of groundwater leading to a situation that would affect the overall
food production while significantly affecting the rural drinking water supply/sanitation and increasing the
vulnerability of several million farmers fully dependent on groundwater irrigation.
Steep decline in groundwater levels is a serious human development and economic
issue that needs to
be addressed by all and not by technologists alone. Legislative interventions have serious shortcoming
because of the sheer number of groundwater users and policing all is impossible.
The best option is
through building partnerships with the groundwater users. Recognizing the critical link between food
production and groundwater use Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS)
project worked on evolving an alternative model that encourage active involvement of local communities
in data collection, capacity building and improved management of the available groundwater resources.
APFAMGS project is implemented by a network of Non Governmental Organization with the support of
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN).
The basic assumption around which APFAMGS is designed is that sustainable management of
groundwater is feasible only if groundwater users understand the nature of its occurrence and the
various parameters influencing the hydrologic cycle, which in turn will put them in a position to favorably
alter the cycle at the individual farm/community level. In order to achieve this, the project has adopted
an approach aimed at demystifying the science of groundwater by translating the scientific concepts of
hydrogeology and groundwater management and making them accessible to groundwater users with or
without literacy skills. The education is participatory and emphasizes non-formal modes of learning.
APFAMGS project initiated in 2004 has successfully demonstrated that through involvement of
community through improved knowledge, behavioral change can be brought about. Enlightened
communities adopt voluntary self-regulation, leading to reduced groundwater pumping and improved
water use efficiency. In seven drought-prone districts of Andhra Pradesh, thousands of farmers residing
in 638 habitations spread over several hundred kilometers are voluntarily taking number of steps to
reduce groundwater pumping, for tiding over problem of groundwater depletion. APFAMGS project is a
partnership with farmers for implementing Demand Side Groundwater Management (DSGM) concept.
2
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater Department – Status of Groundwater in Andhra Pradesh, Presentation at the
world Bank conference on Groundwater Management in India, New Delhi- April 2009
3
Government of Andhra Pradesh, Annual Report of Irrigation Department 2006.
2 Terminal Report APFAMGS project by its design partners with NGO’s to mobilize the huge untapped potential of several
thousand individual groundwater users to access knowledge and skills to collectively improve
groundwater use efficiency and manage the crisis to the local groundwater system. The farmers
collective through field level innovations are able to
reduce groundwater use while at the same time
generate increased wealth.
APFAMGS is a Nationally Executed (NEX) project through a network of NGOs, under the close support
and supervision of FAO India (FAOIN), New Delhi and technical backstopping of FAO Head Quarters (at
Rome). Bharathi Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS) signed the contract with FAO and acts
as the Nodal NGO for the project implementation.
Overall, administrative responsibility of the project is with the Nodal organization BIRDS. All funds from
the donor are received by the Nodal NGO and in turn are transferred to eight NGOs and Consultants
through an agreed work-plan. The NGO’s in turn release funds to the 58 registered farmer institutions
Hydrologic Unit Network (HUN) for implementing the program at the ground level. APFAMGS is probably
only project of its kind in enabling FAO funds to reach the hands of the community and use it on their
own for building local knowledge and capacities. Through such an effort, FAO has enabled not only better
management of groundwater resources but also addressed one of the main objectives of FAO- ensuring
improved food and nutrition security.
1.1.2 Project Area
APFAMGS project implementation spread over seven drought prone districts of Andhra Pradesh is
underlain by hard rock aquifers. The project area selection is guided by technical criteria related to areas
subjected to groundwater over-development as per the reports of Government of India4, Government of
Andhra Pradesh along with due consideration of socio economic status. The project accomplishment is in
638 habitations falling under 63 Hydrological Units. All the groundwater issues in the project operational
area are addressed under the institutional framework irrespective of economic status, caste, creed and
religion. While the project does not offer any incentives for participation in the program or for taking
tough decisions, the project partners with various government agencies for facilitating linkage with
various government schemes.
In the selection of project area, the focus is in identifying the right areas where the problem of
groundwater depletion and consequent impact on food production and over all agriculture is acute. The
project objective of empowerment of community with knowledge and skills to manage groundwater
distress requires the presence of very active village level organizations that have long experience in
dealing with the community.
To ensure sustainability and replicability of the project beyond the operational area, the focus is on
building/strengthening local institutions. The institutionalization of the project helps in decentralization,
encourages larger participation, increases local innovations and governance, reduces overheads and
enables larger reach.
4
Central Ground Water Board. 2006. Dynamic Groundwater Resources of India (as on March 2004). New Delhi:
Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources.
Terminal Report
3
Capacity building is the focus, enabled largely through Farmer Water School (FWS), Farmer Field Schools
(FFS) and training activities. Use of Non Formal Education (NFE) Tools in the capacity building activities
enables demystification of science and easy understanding across the population. (The list of trainings
enclosed in Annexure 5)
Project implementation is through partnership with stakeholders. Hydrological data collection by farmer
volunteers across the project generates valuable data that has technical acceptability by researchers,
government officials and planners. The scientific community is now acknowledging the scientific value for
the farmer-collected data. The data is sold to number of research stations and funding agencies.
Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) and Crop Water Budgeting (CWB) are the two important
processes that helps guide the farmers to change their groundwater management practices. Village level
institution Groundwater Management Committee (GMC) and the Hydrologic Unit Network (HUN) level
institution that is a federation of GMC’s, help consider groundwater as a community resource and the
need to look beyond the self-centered benefits.
The project has organized 638 GMC’s while 63 HUN’s
have been registered to take over data collection, analysis and management for ensuring sustainable
groundwater management.
Figure 2: Map showing the APFAMGS project operational area
4 Terminal Report 1.1.3 Support of Government in Project Implementation
FAO-APFAMGS project continues to receive pro-active support at the project implementation level from
various government agencies. The project has linkages with as many as 70 government programs at the
field level which helps in the mobilization of funds to the tune of 147 million rupees ( around 3 million
US$) for supporting field infrastructure related to groundwater, land, soil, pest and crop management. At
the program management and policy level, the project has close
links with number of departments.
Government of India (GOI), Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR) is up-dated periodically on the various
activities and achievements at the project. MOWR has written to the various State Governments on the
success of APFAMGS project with an advice to replicate the methodology in the respective states for
capacity building and empowerment of community with knowledge and skills to manage ground water
distress.
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) is planning to work in partnership with community in the areas of
Groundwater Management and related knowledge sharing on real-time basis with stakeholders. Towards
achieving this objective, it is keen to learn from FAO-APFAMGS experience of involving community in
data collection, analysis, interpretation, dissemination and decision-making.
Government of Andhra Pradesh Department of Rural Development has stated its support to HU concept
of APFAMGS by recommending this approach in the implementation of New Watershed Development
Projects. Rural Development department has invited APFAMGS to be part of its advisory board in the
design and implementation of watershed programs.
Department of Irrigation has identified the APFAMGS model of institution strengthening and capacity
building of community with new knowledge and skills in the implementation of its program Andhra
Pradesh Community Based Tank Management program in 21 districts of the state.
Government of Rajasthan has requested FAO to work in partnership with the State Government in
developing an action plan for community management of groundwater. Rajasthan State is enthusiastic
to implement the scheme across the state and is keen to send its officers and farmers to APFAMGS
project for training and exposure.
Government agencies from the state of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Orissa, and Rajasthan
continue to depute its officers and farmers to APFAMGS project for training
on Community led
Groundwater Management.
1.1.4 Integration and Coordination With on Going Government Programs
APFAMGS project design offers scope for close linkages with various programs of Government of India
and Government of Andhra Pradesh with the aim to capture synergies in the implementation of
Community led Groundwater Management.
As an outcome to this approach, APFAMGS regularly
interacts with various agencies including Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Central Research
Institute for Dry land Agriculture Research (CRIDA), National Geo-physical Research Institute (NGRI),
International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and participates in technical workshops, discussions
and programs.
At the State, level APFAMGS project has close working relationship with the Department of Rural
development, Department of Irrigation, Groundwater Department, and Acharya NG Ranga Agriculture
University (ANGRAU). The PNGO’s implementing the program has close linkages with
Terminal Report
all line
5
departments in the operational areas and this has helped the program to tap resources from almost 70
programs. Researchers from Regional Agriculture Research Stations (RARS) act as resource persons to
the project and participate in the FWS, CWB Workshops and Farmer Scientist Workshops.
Representative from the various Government Departments are invited to the different project meetings
and workshops. APFAMGS project is recognized by the District and State Administration as a resource
agency and is invited to
share its views and experience while designing/implementing new programs
and schemes.
Central Government funded program on Artificial Recharge of open Dug wells, National Rainfed Area
Authority’s Watershed Program, World Bank Funded Andhra Pradesh Community Tank Irrigation Project,
Maharashtra Jal Swarajya Project, Tamil Nadu Irrigation Project and Orissa Water Sector Program have
all availed of the experience of APFAMGS project in the capacity building, design and implementation of
their programs. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Ministry of Water Resources are in
continuous dialogue with FAO-APFAMGS for incorporating the learning’s from the project
as well
integrating them in the policies.
Government of Andhra Pradesh has invited APFAMGS to join the Advisory Board of Watershed program
implementation. It has also recommended to the Government of India to make suitable amendments to
the national watershed program to incorporate the Hydrological Unit Concept in the program
implementation. Government of India has incorporated the same and the Latest Watershed guidelines 2008 has adopted the Cluster approach that envisages broader vision of Hydro-geological units
comprising of several watersheds as contiguous units within a Hydrological Unit.5
1.2
Outline of Official Arrangements
Project GCP/IND/175/NET “Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems” (APFAMGS) Project
was approved by FAO in 2004. Originally, the project was launched in July 2003, by Royal Netherlands
Embassy (RNE), New Delhi and provided the funds for the project implementation. In the year 2004, RNE
handed over the project to FAO for implementation using the Dutch funding. APFAMGS is a Nationally
Executed (NEX) partnership project between Bharatiya Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS)
and FAO. BIRDS implement the project in seven districts in Andhra Pradesh through a federation of 10
NGO’s (Annexure 1).
An agreement to this effect was signed between FAO and BIRDS during the second week of August 2004.
FAO approved the budget of INR 318,873,334 to implement the
project in the seven districts of Andhra
Pradesh. The initial duration of the project was 4 years with a total budget of US$ 6,784,539. Through
two subsequent no-cost extensions, project duration was extended until August 2009.
APFAMGS project has successfully accomplished all commitments agreed upon in the Project Document6
and all the major activities in the project were completed by May 2009. The remaining period, until
August 2009, is used to prepare terminal report, Liaise with Government Agencies & International
Funding Agencies for incorporating APFAMGS methodology in their new project design. An orientation
workshop is conducted to PNGO leaders, staff and community to extend the concept of community
management of groundwater in the areas of adaptations to climate change.
5
6
Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects-Government of India-2008.
APFAMGS Project Document Annex 3 of Agreement between FAO-BIRDS- 2004
6 Terminal Report APFAMGS project is implemented through this partnership between FAO, Nodal NGO-BIRDS, 10 Partner
NGO’s and 63 HUN’s.
List of NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project is furnished as Annex 1.
The
project reaches out to over Nine hundred thousand population forming part of Anantapur, Chittoor,
Kadapa Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts in the State of Andhra Pradesh India.
NGOs are staffed with qualified and experienced technical and social work staff. Annex 2 furnishes the
list of PNGO staff, per 31st August 2009. The NGO’s in partnership with HUN’s
have successfully tapped
farmer’s wisdom and capacities in controlling their own situation and reducing vulnerability to fast
spreading crisis of groundwater depletion and crop failures.
The Technical Support Team (TST) provides the technical expertise in the needed areas/sectors, helps in
capacity building, documentation, and dissemination and in establishing linkages with Governments and
Funding Agencies. World Education provides the support in all Non Formal Education components.
Project Steering Committee (PSC) guides the project implementation and reviews the overall project
execution from time to time. The steering committee
drawn
from
government
representatives, who
departments,
academic
comprise of members with proven experience
institutions,
research
centers,
advise the project on the different components of work
civil
society
as well promote the
project concepts in policy making bodies Six Project Steering committee meetings were conducted during
the project implementation.
Terminal Report
7
1.3
Objectives of the Project
The major objectives of the APFAMGS project are:
About 3,000 Men and Women farmers are in a position to understand groundwater systems within which
they are operating at about 650 habitations in Andhra Pradesh, in a scientific manner, by the year 2008.
Hydrological database, using GIS platform, is developed for usage of GMCs, covering 650 habitations, by
the year 2006.
About 6,500 farm families enabled for adoption of alternative agricultural practices suiting the availability
of groundwater, by the year 2008.
Community based institutions established for alternative management of groundwater resources with
equal representation/ participation of men and women, covering about 650 habitations, by the year
2008.
APFAMGS project is an enabling intervention for reinforcing the internal strength and coping mechanism
of farmers to explore and find out stable solution to the issues of ground water depletion and its adverse
consequences. The project implementation follows series of steps to make the invisible groundwater fully
visible in the form of knowledge by the farmers and thereby take appropriate actions. The various steps
include:
Strengthen local institutions at the habitation and hydrologic unit level to bring on center stage
discussions on emerging water crisis especially on groundwater Demystify the science of hydrology
through FWS and train the farmers to take over all data collection leading to proper understanding of
local water resource availability Change perception of groundwater from private property to that of a
“common good” (individual farmers take decisions for collective good) Articulate and share information
across hydrological units through CWB Workshops for
evolving common strategies that limit
damage
to the groundwater system without sacrificing individual interest Establish new relationship between
farmers and groundwater by reducing stress on the aquifer
Adopt numerous steps at the farm level
in improving crop water efficiency, implement water saving techniques and reduce chemical pollution
Implement local groundwater governance
transgressing beyond individual holdings and habitations,
without being coercive Enable farmers voluntarily take painful decisions (reduce pumping, prevent
construction of new wells, crop diversification, reduced application of chemical fertilizer/pesticides)
1.3.1 Overall Development Objective
The overall objective is to demonstrate an alternative strategy for managing groundwater distress using
the Demand Side Management approach focusing on strong people’s institutions and enhancing the
knowledge base of the community.
Key strategy of the project is the knowledge based approach where
community members are encouraged to collect data on groundwater and cropping systems, builds on
their existing knowledge and develops reflective capacity to look through the aspects of improved crop
water use. The strategy is to use knowledge (both local and in public domain) as the main input (as
compared to technology/investment) to get a proper perspective for managing the groundwater decline.
APFAMGS experience shows that when knowledge levels are enhanced, enlightened communities act
united to make difficult choices willingly, for minimizing risks.
APFAMGS project strategy focuses in Developing the tools and methodology for adoption of project
learning’s by various governments and programs strengthen the capacity of institutions to implement the
program in the different parts of the world as well as in India.
8 Terminal Report The project demonstrates that Institutional and technological innovations by community, adopting a
collective approach offers the best opportunity for managing groundwater distress as well as ensuring its
upkeep and thereby its sustainability. Knowledge led Demand Side Management of Groundwater
resource provides the best opportunity for engaging large population in minimizing the risks while
increasing the wealth generation capacity.
APFAMGS project has filled a vacuum in innovations in the groundwater sector by initiating a new model
that addresses the issue of reducing groundwater pumping
by bringing in behavioral changes in the
users. This approach continually engages the users by providing skills, capacity and knowledge that go
to promote innovations for reducing the consumption as well as improving the performance efficiency.
Terminal Report
9
2.
2.1
Project Outputs and Supporting Processes
PROJECT OUTPUTS
2.1.1 Hydro-Meteorological Network
The project has for the first time established Hydrological Monitoring Network (HMN) operated and
maintained by the community. The data collection network acquires data from several thousand stations
and makes available real time data to community for planning judicious use of available groundwater.
Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) by the community helps transform
individual groundwater
users to water resource literates. Based on the data collection and analysis the farmers have a fair
understanding of the groundwater quantity that is available. APFAMGS project farmers make cropping
decisions based on fair understanding of the available groundwater for the ensuing cropping season.
2026 observation wells (one well for every square kilometer) are established across the project as part of
the network. Fortnightly water level monitoring is carried out by farmer volunteer’s (both women and
men farmers). 190 Rain-gauge stations (one for every 5 sq. km.) are part of the network established in
the lands donated by the farmers. Groundwater discharge measurements are also incorporated in the
network. Discharge measurements are carried out in 700 monitoring observation wells using the
calibrated drum method. The time taken to fill a known capacity of drum is measured using a stop clock.
Along with the discharge, the farmers also measure the drawdown. List of Hydro-metrological the
networks established under the project is furnished as Annex 3. All the equipment and infrastructure
developed as part of HMN is transferred to the respective HUN. Annex 4 gives details of equipment
transferred to HUNs.
2.1.2 Farmer Data Collection
Hydro-metrological network is fully operated by farmer volunteers who undergo training (4 modules) to
qualify and only successful candidates are eligible to become a PHM volunteer. The project provides
measuring tools like electrical water level indicator, stopwatch, measuring drums (which are shared by
number of volunteers).
Farmer collected data includes: daily rainfall, fortnightly water levels, fortnightly bore-well discharge and
daily stream-flows. Based on the established data of a particular station, the data is collected by the
farmer volunteers. Data sets available per August 31st 2009 are given in Annex 5. Seasonal groundwater
quality measurements are carried out from public drinking water wells. Volunteers maintain a logbook of
Hydrological Monitoring Records (HMR). The HMR data is also exhibited for public viewing on display
boards maintained at strategic locations in the Habitation.
Technical data collected by the community provide information on available groundwater balance in the
HU prior to the cropping season that helps guide decision making on crop plans. Such an approach has
helped farmers reduce the risks especially with high input crops, reduce losses, limit groundwater
extraction to safe limits, improve water use efficiency while generating more wealth.
10 Terminal Report 2.1.3
Community Institutions
Institutional Intervention is integrated with technical component for managing groundwater depletion. A
multi layer inclusive institution that is vertically integrated has been thought of in the project.
Groundwater Monitoring Committee (GMC) has been conceived to be a village level institution of the
farmers-men and women. Several GMCs within a given HU are grouped together to form a Hydrological
Unit Network (HUN).
The GMC, HUN are the critical instruments for providing the “demonstration effect” of the learning’s from
the project to the larger community of farmers beyond the project area. The institutions have equal
membership of men and women. These institutions have provided good opportunities for women to come
forward and lead in specific areas, while in many situations enabled men and women to come together
and take actions leading to good impact. Literacy has never been a criterion that determines
participation, particularly since the project emphasizes Non Formal Education (NFE) methods for every
aspect of implementation.
Over the years, all the HUNs have been provided with legal cover, which provides them the status to
receive funds as well as carry out business activities. Most of the people’s institutions continue to
perform their roles with distinction and have achieved varied levels of maturity, prompting the local
NGO’s to hand over major responsibilities to the people’s Institutions to run the program of curbing
overuse of groundwater. Annex 6 provides list of
Terminal Report
registered Community Based Institutions (CBOs).
11
2.1.4 Gender Participation
The project has strong gender interface keeping the practical and strategic gender needs at the core.
Gender in the project, occupies a cross cutting space encompassing all the components and processes.
The project has approached to bridge the gender gap as well as help in establishing self-esteem and
confidence. Annex 7 shows the pie-charts showing the gender segregation in the project with respect to
key indicators.
The gender approach implies that attitudes, roles and responsibilities of men and women are taken into
account, that it is recognized that both sexes do not necessarily have same access to or control over
resources, that work benefit and impacts may be different for both groups. The gender approach in this
project created that open mindedness and aimed at the fullest participation of both women and men.
Women who are active partners in the project are married and are highly responsible in meeting both
basic as well as strategic needs. Gender sensitization helped men and women to understand their roles
and responsibilities and widen their thinking from routine assumptions. Support from men in women
participation is a great
achievement in the project. The other influencing family members were also
sensitized through different gender modules that extend their support by assisting women to have space
and time to attend to common good things. Though the initiation was small, the starting point has been
crucial.
Non-literate women form major segment, through participatory trainings these women have been
enabled to understand technologies and face challenges. The education level is quite high from illiterate
to post graduation that also reflects that the project with its high technical component could equally
attract the attention of variety of women. The project addressed both practical gender needs, such as
improving women’s conditions through the provision of water and sanitation closer to their houses, as
12 Terminal Report well as strategic gender needs: improving women’s position in society by increasing her awareness of her
situation and her capacity to take decisions and influence change.
2.1.5 Community-friendly communication
APFAMGS project has ensured that bulk of the project budget, is dedicated to education and building
community processes.
The
greatest strength of the APFAMGS project is to offer to the farmer’s
knowledge about their own water resources and how these can be managed, and the means to collect,
and analyze data related to its availability and distribution.
The farmers themselves do the data
collection, management and analysis. The farmers have the freedom to decide how they want to use the
knowledge. No solutions
are provided to them and they are encouraged to deliberate on the new
knowledge to innovate or adopt appropriate interventions that would help them improve crop water
efficiency, reduce wastages, contain groundwater level decline and minimize pollution of water sources.
Capacity enhancement and training is the foundation upon which the project has been built.
Capacity
enhancement and training activities have been planned for the all the different components of the
project. These activities are timed in relation to the hydrological year. In addition, need based training is
also conducted. Formal and informal techniques are used as per the subject and target group. These
techniques include cultural shows, practical training, exposure visits, exchange visits and workshops.
Training is given in all aspect of implementation, to ensure that the activities fulfill the purpose and there
is as much uniformity as possible across the project.
Terminal Report
13
Community capacity building is the key project intervention aiming at empowering the community
members with required skills and knowledge in the field of hydrology, agriculture, gender and institution
management. Annex 8 lists the different types of capacity building activities implemented by the project.
At the community level, there are various levels and types of capacity enhancement activities, from
creating awareness in the community, to technical training related to recording rainfall, and measuring
draft from observation wells. Information and knowledge is imparted to the community through
awareness generation programs, using local folk art forms such as the kalajatha, which has emerged as
a powerful and effective medium of communication.
Another important tool successfully used in the project is the quarterly newsletter (Neella Mucheta)
brought out at the project level in local language. To ensure the slang and language clarity, farmers or
contributors are encouraged to write articles/success stories in their own slang. Additionally, the
newsletter is also used by the subject experts and project staff to communicate technical information on
Geology, groundwater systems, agriculture, irrigation and other relevant topics, from time to time.
Several farmers have contributed to the newsletter with their experience in associating with the project
through their success stories. Apart from the farming community, the newsletter also attracted the
attention of government officers who wait for issue of the next newsletter and keep inquiring with the
project staff.
An Audio cassette/CD is produced by the project to highlight the ills of overuse of groundwater and ways
and means of curbing the wastage. A very popular lyricist Mr. G. Venkanna (winner of two State Level
Awards) penned songs. These songs became very popular with the farming communities and used in
later folk shows.
2.1.6 Farmer Water School (FWS)
APFAMGS adopts the FWS approach to prepare the farmers to take charge of managing their ground
water.
FWS is an adaptation from FFS and follows the non-formal and participative approach for
information sharing. FWS strategy adopted by APFAMGS project promotes group learning, improves the
skills and capacities of farmers and shares knowledge amongst the farmers.
The FWS creates a knowledge cycle (or knowledge value chain) in the community of farmers along with
the supporting
institution for helping the farmers to apply it to their life situation. Much of the
knowledge shared in FWS is the accumulated experience of farmers and is second-hand which has been
made explicit, in the sense in public domain rather than residing in mind or as experience.
Under the FWS umbrella, all farmers meet once every 15 days through 300 water schools to learn about
sustainable management of groundwater at the local level.
Based on the understanding the farmers
adopt suitable modification in their agricultural practices that can lead to significant reductions in
groundwater use and improved crop water efficiency.
In the FWS the transfer of information is through face-to-face communication using voice, body language
(socialization) supported by training aids. Much of the learning makes use of explicit knowledge into their
understanding of the world-view. Complementary to this form of learning is the field visits, short tem and
Long Term Experiments, field workshops and exhibitions of the models from the neighboring areas.
FWS went through its first academic session beginning June 2006 until May 2007. 10,000 farmers joined
the school from 635 habitations and over 70% of the farmers showed continued attendance through out
the year and is eligible to graduate. By May 2009, the project has successfully produced 19777
14 Terminal Report graduates including 12315 men and 7462 women. Annex 9 gives the details of FWS graduates, trained
by the project.
FWS methodology provided the confidence to the farmers make information of the data collected, need
for collective action for effective groundwater management, sharpen the farmers’ abilities to make critical
and informed decisions on crop plans to match the available groundwater resources.
FWS approach
helped farmers learn how to organize themselves for sustainable groundwater management.
FWS took upon itself the task to diagnose the different problems related to groundwater depletion, and
identified number of local solutions for arresting the groundwater decline, improving water use efficiency
and enhancing the returns from the cropping system. A great contribution of FWS has been that farmer
graduates
have taken the learning’s to their farm and applied the new knowledge in changing the
conventional management of groundwater to improving water use efficiency.
2.1.7
Crop Water Budgeting Workshop
The over arching theme of the project is to help community collect all relevant data to
assess the
ground water balance, to help guide in crop planning. CWB workshop provides a platform for
farmers
to collectively estimate the water balance at the Hydrological Unit Level. Based on the estimation farmers
project the most appropriate crop plans and thereby control groundwater over-exploitation. While CWB
helps project the safe limits of groundwater development the project does not advise on the choice of
crops. The project respects the farmer’s traditional knowledge and understands that the farmer has
enough knowledge to be able to take relevant decisions. Annex 10 provides year-wise conduct of CWB
workshops, in the project level.
Terminal Report
15
CWB workshops could help clearly define the potential risks when taking up water intensive crops as well
as Identify opportunities for water savings and improving crop water efficiency. CWB workshops helped
provided a platform for linkages with government departments for tapping schemes supporting water
savings. Analysis of CWB results (Annex 11) indicates that in majority of the project areas, CWB have
succeeded in establishing a clear correlation between groundwater availability and crop plans. Risks
associated with idealistic crop planning have been completely reduced.
CWB is seen as a path-breaking initiative by the project that has led to training of communities (men
and women) in technical data collection while help develop individual Farmer Level Crop Plans spread
over 638 habitations federated under 63 Hydrological Units in
based on the CWB, intelligent
7 districts of Andhra Pradesh. Today
decisions are taken on the cropping systems without sacrificing on the
economic returns. Significant outputs include Crop diversification from the earlier 14 to 42 crops, altered
the mono crop approach to integrated farming system, and promoted adoption of number of water
saving technique contributing to improved crop water efficiency.
Annex 12 lists cropped area under
different crops over the life of the project period.
2.1.8 Reduction in Groundwater Pumping
The project has succeeded in beginning to build a link between water availability and water use for
agriculture. The core message of the project, that groundwater abstraction over the long term needs to
be aligned with water availability, is taking hold. This is suggested by the emerging positive correlation
between water availability and water use in a number of HU’s. In the years when water availability is low
at the beginning of the Rabi season (either due to low rainfall and consequently low recharge, or due to
high groundwater abstractions in the kharif season decreasing availability for the Rabi season),
groundwater use is reduced in these aquifers. This dynamic is counter to the normal behavior whereby
water availability in the aquifers is not a factor influencing groundwater use, and aquifer depletion often
worsens in drier years. This path-breaking achievement is beginning to emerge in a number of HU under
16 Terminal Report the project, and is likely to result from the impact of groundwater availability information on farmer
decision making, as agriculture accounts for the largest fraction of groundwater withdrawals.
The reductions in water use in these areas are achieved by a combination of crop diversification and
water-saving irrigation methods. Across the project area under high-water-use crops (crops with more
than 800 millimeters water requirement), is reported. In contrast, the total area under rabi paddy in
Andhra Pradesh continued to follow an upward trend, increasing by 5% around the same period.
It is important to note that farmers have not sacrificed profitability to reduce water use. Independent
evaluation of the APFAMGS project by World Bank7 revealed that
project area farmers have consistently
improved their profitability, with the net value of outputs nearly doubling during the project period, with
lower and more inconsistent results in similar non-project areas (Table 1).
Hydrological unit/type of area
Net value of outputs per acre (rupees, current year prices)
2008
2004
% change
Chandrasagar
16,838
8,987
87.35
Mallapavagu
9,884
5,835
69.39
Nakillavagu
13,339
6,301
111.72
Narsireeddypallyvagu
11,208
8,378
33.78
Erravagu
7,042
5,317
32.43
Peetheruvagu
7,583
7,124
6.44
Vajralavanka
18,051
9,420
91.62
Nonproject areas near Chandrasagar
4,348
6,415
–32.22
Nonproject areas near Mallapavagu
3,491
2,605
34.01
Nonproject areas near Peetheruvagu
2,500
5,173
–51.67
Project areas: field crops
Non project areas: field crops
7
World Bank unpublished report “Deep Wells and Prudence: Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater
Overexploitation in India”. http://www.apfamgs.org/upload/PDF/world_bank_rep.pdf
Terminal Report
17
In terms of cumulative water abstractions, 42 percent of the hydrological units have consistently reduced
the Rabi draft over the three years of project operation, while 51 percent have reduced the draft
intermittently, and only 7 percent have witnessed an increase in groundwater draft during the project
period (See Annex 13). This impact is unprecedented, in terms of reductions actually being realized in
groundwater draft, and in terms of the geographic extent of this impact, covering aquifers that are
completely disconnected spread over several hundreds of communities.
Reduction in groundwater abstraction has been largely because of adoption of number of
water saving
technique contributing to improved crop water efficiency. Significant reduction in groundwater use is
seen in sugarcane, sweet orange Tomatoes, Black gram, Rice Gingili, groundnut, and sunflower.
Adoption various water savings devises like drip, sprinklers and techniques like ridge & furrow check
basin, and alternate furrow supported by Vermi-compost, mulch could effectively improve the soil
moisture availability and help reduce irrigation.
The net effect of natural groundwater recharge conditions and demand side management of groundwater
is indicated by the trend of static water level (SWL) in the monitoring wells. Annex 14 shows the SWLs
on three key days of recording (May 15th, August 15th and November 15th). It is very clear that SWLs are
maintained more of less till the last season, across the project area. The decline in SWLs this season is
due to drought conditions (a rainfall deficit of 57% is reported for the entire state).
World Bank evaluation considers that APFAMGS as the first global example of large-scale success in
groundwater management by communities only through empowerment with new knowledge without any
incentives.
2.1.9 Artificial Groundwater Recharge
APFAMGS project while prioritizing on Demand Side Management has also successfully demonstrated a
systematic methodology on supply side augmentation through Artificial Groundwater Recharge (AGR)
structures essentially for favorably altering the groundwater balance.
intervention in HU subjected to over exploitation.
AGR is seen as an appropriate
The strategy is to trap the flash floods in the
abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind a small percolation pond/check-dam for recharging the
aquifers. This approach has another major goal of unlocking the non-productive investments caught up
in failed open wells. The methodology adopted looks at altering the groundwater recharge at the HUN
level from the existing level to significantly higher levels. The aquifers are used to store peak flows
generated during storms for reducing the disparity between existing demand and potential recharge.
AGR have been successfully demonstrated across the project area through a mix of structures such as
open well recharge, tank induced recharge, artificial injection of runoff generated from peak storms at
favorable locations8. Annex 15 lists the AGR interventions of APFAMGS and the results thereof. APFAMGS
approach to improved recharge is recognized as the appropriate model for replication for a national level
program on “Artificial Groundwater Recharge Using Open Dug wells”.
8
APFAMGS Publication-8. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Report Aug, 2006
18 Terminal Report 2.1.10 Data Management
The hydrological data collected by farmers and recorded in the logbooks and Village Boards is stored in
computerized database referred to as “Habitation Resource Information System” (HRIS) at the NGO
level. HRIS stores data of individual farmers that can be queried at habitation and Hydrologic Unit level.
HRIS database of Different HU’s is integrated at NGO level. HRIS has helped organize the farmercollected data in a computerized format that is available for sharing with the scientific community as well
as planners.
Project level data storage is organized in dedicated software developed by the project. The data is
organized HU wise. Integration of data from several HU’s is an option available to the users. The
database structure facilitates viewing of all time series data as graphs for checking data consistency as
well compare with neighboring data sets.
The data is accessed by various national and international
agencies. The data is priced for commercial users.
Data Products Catalogue9 is published annually for sharing the information on meta-data with the data
users. Farmers have successfully sold the data to number of Research Institutes, Academic Researchers
and World Bank.
Annex 16 furnishes details of the revenue generated by HUNs in the project life through sales of data and
charging the visitors.
9
Data Products Catalogue-APFAMGS Publication on Meta Data
Terminal Report
19
2.1.11
GIS Data Sets and Website
“Demystification of science for sustainable development” is the official slogan of APGAMGS Project. As
part of this slogan the project made use of technologies including Geographic Information System (GIS)
and Website operations for easy viewing by rural communities as well as other agencies. The focus is in
making GIS available to the community for accessing information about individual and shared resources
without external facilitators. With new insight on their resources in both space and time, it is expected
that tough decision making with regard to natural resources and particularly in crop planning matching
the water resource availability becomes possible.
Use of GIS by communities helps avoid resource-
related conflicts as they build consensus on their availability.
In addition to the farmer collected data and secondary data, the project has developed six spatial layers
(see Annex 17) have been developed for the entire project area. Satellite Imageries are procured for
three time periods and land use changes assessed. Cropping changes adopted by the farmers over the
years for improving crop water use efficiency are captured at individual farmer level.
Communities access GIS data through “Information Kiosk”. The kiosk integrates GIS technology with
Remote Sensing, Internet and basic computations. Seven GIS themes have been created for all the HUs.
Use of satellite imageries for the same geographical area has enabled integration of remotely sensed
imageries with GIS maps. Integration of such themes has helped in updating various features as well as
for generating thematic maps. Integrated maps of GIS have helped track crop changes adopted by the
farmers over the project period.
20 Terminal Report Information Kiosk10 has been designed by the project to help Farmers access and interact with the
computerized database.
Information Kiosk provides a medium to view the data collected by different
farmers over a regional area in the form of GIS maps, graphs and charts. The kiosk also helps answer
queries related to impact of hypothetical crop changes (“what-if” scenarios) on the entire drainage
system.
The Information Kiosk is a totally screen driven (touch screen) facility with large icons displaying limited
but focused data, supported by graphics and animations. The language is local with very simple and
intuitive navigation paths. The hardware is typically a standard configuration, not generally visible to the
users. The Kiosk carries out basic computations to answer various queries raised by the farmers and
displays the results as animations, graphics and charts, which the users can understand and appreciate.
Project Web site http://www.apfamgs.org is an in-house product providing complete information on the
project and places on the public domain all publications. Data products catalogue are prepared and
uploaded on the web site for providing information to government and other users.
10
Poster on Information Kiosk made at CGIAR conference 2009 in Wageningen was awarded the first prize.
Terminal Report
21
2.2 SUPPORTING PROCESSES
2.2.1 Influencing Policies
APFAMGS project has made modest but significant in-roads into the policy arena in the area of
groundwater management. Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of India (GoI) has
recognized the need for community partnerships and participation for generation of real time data at
micro-level and its dissemination for better groundwater governance at local administrative level on a
scientific basis”. FAO-APFAMGS Project feels that this is a welcome move and this is an outcome of
continued lobbying with Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and MOWR11. This move towards micro
basin level data gathering will help in updating the groundwater balance estimates annually as well as
give larger role for community participation in data gathering.
Government of Andhra Pradesh has already incorporated APFAMGS project methodology in the Andhra
Pradesh Community Based Tank Management Program12 with greater participation of community in data
gathering.
Empowerment of community with knowledge and skills is slowly being recognized as a viable option for
managing groundwater decline as against policing by the government, which has been almost impossible
to monitor and penalize the defaulters.
2.2.2 Local Governance
Evaluation of project data collected over 4 years indicate that in a majority of the Hydrological Units
where the project is being implemented the project has
succeeded in establishing a parallel between
groundwater availability and groundwater use for agriculture.
This dynamics is contrary to the the
normal behavior, when serious aquifer depletion is expected during bad monsoon years. Local
groundwater governance has helped achieve this balance.
Groundwater users as a group are looking at improved optimization of existing wells before constructing
new ones. This has led to a situation where rate of drilling of new wells has declined considerably and is
far below the state/district average. Risks associated with new investments on wells, pumps and
pipelines have led to near stagnation in energy demand as compared to the other areas of the state. All
the farmers without exception practice crop diversification and water-saving irrigation methods.
Substantial reduction in the area under high-water-use crops (crops with more than 800 millimeters
water requirement) is witnessed without affecting food and nutrition security. The cumulative changes by
crop in the total project area are fully in contrast, the total area under Rabi paddy in Andhra Pradesh
where it is continuing to follow an upward trend an increase of almost 5%.
2.2.3 Capacity Building of External Agencies by the Project
APFAMGS is continuously involved in the capacity building of external agencies including government
department officials by conducting dedicated training programs to the officials and community leaders on
Demand Side Groundwater Management.
The International Learning Workshop on community led groundwater management was organized to
participants from 16 countries. The training was aimed at acquainting the participants with the
11
12
Central groundwater Board note on Knowledge base http://cgwb.gov.in/KnowledgeBase.htm
Project Document Andhra Pradesh Community Based Tank Management http://www.apmitanks.in/apply.asp
22 Terminal Report experiences in these aspects and highlighting the processes by which users can manage and regulate
their own demands for groundwater. It provided the participants an opportunity to interact at great
length with practicing farmers who have been monitoring and managing their groundwater resources
successfully for the last four years under the aegis of the FAO supported Andhra Pradesh Farmer
Managed Groundwater Systems Project (APFAMGS).
Additionally, some students/researchers also visited the project to study and publish their works. Annex
18 provides details of foreign visitors to the project.
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater Department (APSGWD) deputed 25 officers from all over the state,
for training on Demand Side Groundwater Management at Muthyalapadu from 10-12th Dec 2008. The
participants were drawn from the entire state. Following the training, the government is preparing
adopting the
APFAMGS concept in its work plan.
Government of Maharashtra - Water Supply & Sanitation Department, Jalswarajya Project, officers and
community leaders were trained on the concept of Demand Side Groundwater Management. The training
was carried out at BIRDS International Learning Centre Muthyalapadu, Chagalamarri Mandal, and
Kurnool District (A.P) on 25th and 26th followed by one day at Hyderabad on 28 Feb 2009.
The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management (IAMWARM) project involved
with irrigated agriculture modernization and integrated water resources management to improve the
productivity of water in Tamil Nadu sent 32 Engineers for training on Demand Side Water Management
from 16th to 18 February 2009. The training was conducted in Horsley Hills near Madanapalli, Chittoor
District, Andhra Pradesh by Gram Vikas Samastha (Partner NGO) implementing the APFAMGS project.
Terminal Report
23
Request for training programs and field exposures have been received from the Ministry of water
Resources, Govt. of India, State of Gujarat, Rajasthan and NGO’s. It is expected that in the coming days
the State and Central agencies would create the
based initiatives
enabling environment for ensuring that community-
receive the support for smooth functioning of local institutions, build capacities through
Non Formal Schools, take on the lessons of learning’s to implement sustainable approaches for resource
management.
Annex 19 furnishes full details of capacity building activities carried out by the project for the agencies in
the country. Annex 20 lists some Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) by the visitors to the project, while
Annex 21 furnishes FAQs posed to the project staff by the farmers.
2.2.4 Information Dissemination
APFAMGS approach of community involvement has attracted the attention of number of national and
international agencies. Invitation was extended to make presentation to the Parliamentary Forum for
Water on the methodology and achievements of APFAMGS project. The presentation was for an hour and
the discussion thereafter.
The parliamentary forum on water has distinguished parliamentarians who
have handled the subject over the years. Based on the presentation enquiries are coming from State
Governments of Bihar and Gujarat.
His Excellency Dr.BOB HIENCH the Netherlands Ambassador to India visited the exhibition where
APFAMGS had put up stall as part of AP-Netherlands Bio Technology Foundation. Hans Wolff, Agricultural
Consultant and Theo. J.J. Groothuizen, Counselor, Head of Science and Technology Department from the
Embassy of Kingdom of Netherlands also visited the stall independently. Rural Farmers manned the stall
to explain to the visitors on the project activities and its impact in reducing groundwater distress. The
24 Terminal Report Ambassador got to see the demonstration of rural farmers measuring the groundwater levels, rainfall as
well as a working model on the hydrologic cycle. The impact of the project in upgrading the skills of
farmers through FWS and De-mystification of science and Technology was well appreciated.
Totally, 28 reports were prepared including half yearly and Annual Plan and Budget. The Project has
brought out 16 books which garnered visibility at a national and international level. Representatives from
the project participated in National and International workshops and presented Project related papers. 12
Papers have been prepared and presented. Jalachakram (Hydrological Cycle) audio was prepared on
Project activities to disseminate the concept to faming community. The Audio CDs were circulated to the
farming community. Nine Video films were prepared on Project activities with the guidance of Project
Leader, Subject experts and PNGO’s. Poster on “Rural Information Kiosk” sent by FAO-APFAMGS has
been chosen as the winner of the Science Forum 2009 Poster Competition on the theme “ICTs: Enabling
Agricultural Science to Be a Social Endeavour” and of GFAR Sponsorship to participate in the Science
Forum 2009 to be held at Wageningen, The Netherlands on 16 and 17 June 2009.
A season long Training of Trainers (TOT) on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was conducted in 2005.
During the training period, TOT-FFS news letter was prepared by the participants. They shared their
experiences during training and disseminated best practices on IPM to other farming community and
other Govt and NGO organizations. Totally, 13 FFS news letters were circulated
List of publications/presentations is furnished as Annex 22.
2.2.5 Establishing New Partnerships
APFAMGS project has been approached by Australian Council for International Agriculture Research
(ACIAR) to participate in the
implementation of two of its projects in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The
projects are
Impacts of meso-scale Watershed Development in Andhra Pradesh (India) and comparative catchments
in Australia (ACIAR Project: LWR/2006/072) Building capacity of farming communities in Cambodia,
Laos, Bangladesh and India to adapt to climate change Training Workshop of Maharashtra State Officers
on Demand Side Groundwater Management (DSGM) FAO-APFAMGS project was in the process of
establishing partnership with The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management
(IAMWARM) project in Tamil Nadu for enabling farmers from APFAMGS project to disseminate their
learning’s for farmers from Tamil Nadu.
Terminal Report
25
3 Conclusions and Recommendations
The lessons emerging from the APFAMGS experience of knowledge based community management of
groundwater lead to some key conclusions and recommendations.
3.1
Conclusions
Farmer’s interests in groundwater management are linked to managing the production and livelihood
risk. Farmers may have little interest in water conservation for its own sake.
A focus on groundwater management alone is not sufficient. A package of measures to reduce the
agricultural production risks have to be offered, linking groundwater use to sustainable crop production
and the mitigation of pollution. Arguably, the project achieved water use reductions precisely because it
avoided explicit negotiation of groundwater allocation.
The active projection of well researched hydrological, agronomic and environmental information into
groundwater user communities can leverage autonomous shifts in agronomic practice and land use
planning that reduce environmental pressures and raise productivity.
Cost reduction on external input costs is achieved through a variety of methods such as: reducing the
irrigation water demand, changing cropping patterns, irrigation techniques, and soil moisture
conservation. This not only lead to improved water productivity but also resulted in good returns on the
farm product. Thus, it is clear that sustainable groundwater management need not come at the price of
sacrificing gain in agricultural incomes.
Making visible the otherwise invisible resource of groundwater is a prerequisite for building up a
collective action. Demystifying relevant sections of science, using non-formal techniques, have effectively
created a popular science movement encompassing multiple dimensions of water use and agriculture.
The focus on farmer engagement in generating and sharing knowledge on local resources is the key to
instill a sense of pride and possessiveness of the scientific knowledge, which earlier was restricted to the
realm of research institutes. This is in stark contrast with most of other natural resource management
initiatives, wherein a majority of resources and efforts are concentrated on supporting physical works
and on incentives such as subsidies for water-saving irrigation techniques. For community management
efforts to succeed, it is clear that information, education, and social mobilization need to be recognized
as core objectives.
The bottom-up approaches stemming from on-the-ground community action can be complemented by
top-down measures that can create an enabling environment at the local level. Examples of possible
policy measures that are pragmatic and can strengthen community groundwater management include
endorsement
of
community
groundwater
management
institutions,
and
improving
institutional
coordination amongst the various panchayati raj institutions dealing with different aspects of water
resources at the village level.
The successful experiences of community-based groundwater management owe much to their design
being particularly suited to the physical settings of groundwater use i.e., recharge and emptying
dynamics of hard-rock aquifers, which cover approximately two-thirds of India’s aquifer settings. While
APFAMGS could provide a model for other hard-rock settings, it is not likely to work in geographically
vast alluvial aquifers with significantly larger storage.
26 Terminal Report The success is also because of the socio-economic set-up Andhra Pradesh, which boasts of committed
social networks at the grass-roots and a strong history of progressive social change in rural areas. It is
probable that the APFAMGS model would be significantly challenged in settings with different social
dynamics (for example, lower social capital or larger asymmetries in user populations).
Finally, it needs to be noted that the lessons emerging from the Andhra Pradesh experiments with
community-based groundwater management are preliminary, and there is no hindsight to assess the
long-term sustainability of the results achieved. Therefore, the available models of community
groundwater management would need careful and innovative piloting before they can be replicated and
scale interventions become possible.
3.2
Recommendations
The APFAMGS model is ready for replication. With an ever-increasing number of aquifers facing
overexploitation, various government agencies see the need for exploring new approaches in managing
groundwater decline. Absences of credible successful models on groundwater management have forced
the agencies to look for successful approaches. APFAMGS project has demonstrated the success of
community management of Groundwater. Central, State Government Agencies and International Donors
have been a witness to the success.
Empowerment of communities through knowledge, capacity and
skills is seen as a necessity. Number of initiatives is in advanced stages of discussions for replicating the
model in different hydro-geological and socio-economic settings and needs to be adopted.
State agencies need to have a much sharper appreciation of how to nurture and sustain people’s
institutions for managing water resources. Under the Indian Constitution, States have the primary
responsibility for managing and ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources. In addition to their
constitutional mandate, state agencies have an advantage in promoting groundwater management on
the ground. They are in a better position to facilitate cross-sectoral coordination of groundwater
resources at the most critical (state) level, promote government–stakeholder interaction (especially
considering that most state government departments have operational offices at district level, where
many of the local management measures will need to be taken), design groundwater management
approaches specific to the typologies and user needs of local aquifers.
An alternative model for groundwater legislation needs to be rolled out: The existing instruments for
controlling abstraction of groundwater through direct regulation have not halted the proliferation of
boreholes. The lack of resources for policing and absence of substantial support for penalizing the
defaulters have made a direct regulatory approach impossible to implement. The APFAMGS experience
suggests that there is a viable option for voluntary regulation by the stake holders themselves. This
needs to be driven through improved understanding of their aquifer systems and demonstrations of the
positive impacts of improved natural resource management on livelihoods.
Policies to support community-based groundwater management will be essential. State governments can
take policy action to facilitate formation of local groundwater user institutions and to ensure institutional
coordination amongst different water- and groundwater-related departments at the level of individual
aquifers.
Specific models that are recommended for ready replication are:
1) Hydrological Unit (HU) as unit of intervention and building community based institutions is replicable
in dry land areas, supported by groundwater irrigation. Even in case of large alluvial aquifers, the
Terminal Report
27
unit of intervention can be delineated through mapping of aquifer system and defining the
boundaries of the aquifer, thereby building the community based institutions at aquifer level.
2) Participatory Hydrological Monitoring in case of APFAMGS was limited only to those scientific and
socio-economic parameters that control the usage of groundwater resource. Notwithstanding with
this limitation, one can redesign the set of parameters to suite to their requirement. The bottom line
is empowering communities with skills and knowledge to collect, collate, understand implications of
their present actions and triggering discussions on possible options before taking action at the farm
level.
3) Crop Water Budgeting (CWB) at the beginning of Rabi season is crucial in case of groundwater
farmers as it is observed that the pumping reaches its peak due to little or no rainfall during that
cropping season. However, with necessary changes in the methodology, the concept of CWB is
replicable even in command areas.
4) Farmer Water Schools proved to be a powerful tool due to its approach of experiential learning cycle.
This tool is useful for educating and empowering communities with the knowledge and skills, on any
topic.
5) Rural Folk Art played a major role in generating awareness among the community at large, on key
concepts of groundwater management. This form of communication is the most powerful and
efficient, apart from being near to hearts of the people. Thus, usage of rural folk are is recommended
for any kind of developmental activity not only to ensure transparency but also to enlist willful
participation of communities in the intended program.
28 Terminal Report List of Annexes
Annex 1
List of Partner NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project
Annex 2
List of PNGO Staff, per 31st August 2009
31
Annex 3
List of Hydro-meteorological Networks established under the project
32
Annex 4
List of equipment/material/assets transferred to HUNs
34
Annex 5
Data sets available per 31st August 2009
35
Annex 6
List of Registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs)
36
Annex 7
Gender balance in the project with reference to key indicators
38
Annex 8
Community Capacity Building activities implemented by the project
39
Annex 9
List of FWS graduates trained by the project
42
Annex 10
Crop Water Budgeting Workshops conducted during the project period
44
Annex 11
Schemes tapped by HUNs for efficient use of irrigation water
46
Annex 12
Area cropped under different crops during the project period
48
Annex 13
Groundwater draft during the project period
49
Annex 14
Static Water Levels in the project area during the project period
51
Annex 15
Results of Artificial Groundwater Recharge interventions of the project
53
Annex 16
Details of the revenue generated by HUNs on data sales and visitors
54
Annex 17
GIS data sets generated by the project
56
Annex 18
Foreign students/visitors to APFAMGS project
65
Annex 19
Capacity building activities conducted by project for agencies within India
66
Annex 20
Frequently Asked Question (Visitors)
69
Annex 21
Frequently Asked Question (Farmers)
70
Annex 22
Publications/presentations and other material produced by APFAMGS
71
Terminal Report
30
29
Annex 1: List of Partner NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project
S.N.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name
Bharathi Integrated Rural
Development Society
Centre of Applied Research and
Extension
Collective Activity for Rejuvenation of
Village Arts and Environment
Development Initiatives and People’s
Action
Gram Vikas Samstha
ACRONYM
STATION
DISTRICT
BIRDS
Allagadda
Kurnool
CARE
Achampet
Mahboobnagar
CARVE
Markapur
Prakasam
DIPA
Giddalur
GVS
Madanapalle
Chittoor
PARTNER
Porumamilla
Cuddapah
SAFE
Cumbhum
Prakasam
SAID
Miryalaguda
Nalgonda
SYA
Gooty
Anantapur
Prakasam
People’s Activity and Rural
6.
Technology Nurturing Ecological
Rejuvenation
7.
8.
9.
30 Society For Sustainable Agriculture
And Forest Ecology
Social Awareness for Integrated
Development
Star Youth Association
Terminal Report Annex 2: List of PNGO Staff, per 31st August 2009
PNGO
Secretary
HF
BIRDS
Mr. V. Paulraja
Rao
G. Nagaraju
CARE
CARVE
DIPA
Dr. T.N. Reddy
Mr. G. Ravindra Kumar
Mr. B. Yesudas
L.S. Goud
B. Umamaheshwara Rao
S. Hussain
GF
K. Bhagyamma
IDF
G. Dhanamjaya Rao
C.H. Sriramulu
NFE
V.G.N. Jaya Prada
VC1
K. Nagaraju
V. Varda Reddy
P. Daya Raj
N.Laxmaiah
VC2
P. Raju
M.V.Reddy
S. Sailaja
K. Bhaskar
VC3
O.Sampat Kumar
G. Ramanamma
G.Elizabeth Rani
DA
M.Annamma
M.Srinivas
O.V.Suresh
A. Sujatha
S.K. Babu Ali
OB
M. Chinna
Gurappa
Naidu
PARTNER
P.Shantha
Kumari
K. Muni Prasad
P. Chandra
Sekhar
PNGO
GVS
SAFE
Secretary
Mr. CH. Rambabu
Mr. P. Nazeer Khan
Mr. M. Madhukar Reddy
IDF
G. Balaji
K.K.Swamy Reddy
A.P. Swamy
NFE
G.S. Madhu Kumar
T. Venu Gopal
M.Sridevi
VC1
L.Chakrapani
S.K.Abdul Razzak
D. Ratnakar
VC2
K.Murali
D.Murthujavali
A.L.Suchitra
VC3
M.Mechappa
M.Eswaraiah
T.Obulesu
DA
P.Murali
G.Kiran Kumar
A.Veera Brahmam
OB
K. Subbaraju
B. Pratap Kumar
P.David
PNGO
SAID
SYA
Secretary
A. Sujan
Mr. S.C. Hassan
HF
Y. Chandraiah
IDF
A. Srinivasulu
NFE
D. Karunakar
VC1
P. Karunakar
M.Mahanandi
VC2
B. Syam Prasad
L.Chandranna
VC3
Ch. Lalitha Kumari
M.Subhanbasha
DA
T. Saidulu
A.Hanumantha Rayudu
OB
K. Prashanth
M.Srinivasulu
HF
- Hydrological Facilitator
IDF
- Institutional Development Facilitator
GF
- Gender Facilitator
NFE
- NFE Facilitator
VC
- Village Coordinator
DA
- Document Assistant
OB
- Office Boy
Terminal Report
31
Annex 3: List of Hydro-meteorological Networks established under the
project
Sno
HU Name
No of
Habitations
RG
Station
OB
Wells
Discharge
Stream
Wells
guages
BIRDS, Kurnool District
1
Chinneru
18
4
70
37
2
Rallavagu
15
5
46
25
3
Thundlavagu
7
2
33
16
4
Peddavagu
5
3
30
15
5
Lothuvagu
1
1
3
2
6
Chandravagu
4
1
13
7
7
Buchamma konetivanka
1
1
4
2
8
Konetivanka
3
1
16
8
9
Bavanasi
12
5
47
23
10
Yerravanka
4
1
19
10
11
Peddavanka
4
1
14
6
CARE, Mahabub Nagar District
12
Chandravagu
23
7
54
27
13
Mallappavagu
17
5
60
30
14
Mandavagu
20
7
65
32
CARVE, Prakasam District
15
Erravagu
4
1
12
8
16
P.Nagulavaram
3
1
6
4
17
Yadalavgu
20
6
56
30
18
Pulivagu
11
4
31
15
19
Lingojipalli vagu
5
2
22
11
20
Chinnauppuvagu
3
1
8
5
21
Kanugalavagu
10
6
39
18
22
Mekaleru
5
2
21
10
23
Naidupalli Vagu
1
0
5
3
24
Tarlupaduvagu
2
0
7
4
25
Bodicherla
1
0
3
1
26
Seetanagulavaram
4
1
8
5
27
Miitameedipalli Vagu
6
2
22
12
DIPA, Prakasam District
28
Palamotuvagu
8
2
30
12
29
Peethuruvagu
14
2
56
29
30
Uppuvagu
41
8
131
58
31
Narsireddipalli
16
3
50
21
32
Rallavagu
3
1
13
5
GVS, Chittoor District
32 33
Diguvaetigadda
54
10
98
56
34
Rommonivagu
13
5
40
16
Terminal Report Sno
HU Name
No of
Habitations
RG
Station
OB
Wells
Discharge
Stream
Wells
guages
35
Nakkillavagu
8
2
27
14
36
Kothakunta
2
1
16
4
8
3
38
17
PARTNER, Kadapa District
37
Taduku Vagu
38
Mulabandala Vagu
14
7
53
27
39
Erravanka
22
6
83
47
40
Tandrasila Vagu
6
2
21
10
41
Bokkineru Vagu
13
5
27
12
42
Erravagu
7
2
27
12
SAFE, Prakasam District
43
Jampaleruvagu
19
8
54
16
44
Vemuleruvagu
29
6
46
11
45
Kakarla (Pedda) vagu
18
5
52
7
46
Chavatavagu
1
4
1
47
Singarayakondavagu
1
1
8
2
48
Sudhakuruvavagu
1
1
4
1
49
Bogoluvagu
1
6
1
SAID, Nalgonda District
50
Bhaskar Rao Kunta
10
4
38
14
51
Sattamma Kunta
9
3
15
10
52
Mallappa Vagu
5
2
19
7
53
Ulsai Palem
6
2
9
4
54
Nathigani Cheruvu
11
3
41
13
55
Nukanaini Cheruvu
9
4
26
9
56
Kondeshi Kunta
3
1
9
3
46
18
SYA, Anantapur District
57
Upparavanka
14
58
Vajralavaka
16
4
44
17
59
Maruvavanka
13
5
37
15
60
Bellamvanka
6
2
23
10
61
Peddavanka
15
5
24
18
62
Mynapuram vanka
5
4
12
4
63
Gooty maruvavanka
3
1
7
3
190
1948
890
Terminal Report
48
33
Annex 4: List of equipment/material/assets transferred to HUNs
Equipments/Accessories
Total
S.
N
Name of
the PNGO
o
No
Length of
of
HDPE
HUs
pipes
installed
Display boards
Total No
Total
Drums
No
(Discharg
gate
e
vales
Measure
ment)
Total
Total
No
No of
Total No
water
Stop
of R.G
level
watche
station
indica
s
Wat
er
level
type
Sign
boar
d
Strea
HU
Rain
board
fall
CWB
CWE
m
guag
es
tors
1
BIRDS
11
40854
52
70
70
85
25
73
73
16
73
73
73
2
CARE
3
19378
65
63
62
59
19
60
60
3
60
60
60
3
CARVE
13
11678
74
111
68
75
26
68
68
15
68
68
68
8
4
DIPA
5
53195
92
75
75
86
16
74
80
17
76
76
76
4
5
GVS
4
68605
231
84
66
76
18
74
79
16
68
67
67
3
6
PARTNAR
6
37782
90
64
64
66
25
64
67
12
64
64
64
6
7
SAID
7
16449
50
50
52
50
19
50
53
12
53
30
44
7
8
SAFE
7
38364
101
65
60
64
20
57
57
12
57
57
56
7
9
SYA
7
16770.6
135
49
47
69
20
58
60
10
58
59
59
7
Total
63
303075.6
890
631
564
630
188
578
547
113
577
554
567
51
34 Terminal Report 9
Annex 5: Data sets available per 31st August 2009
Date type
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
OB wells
1149
1897
1999
1992
1968
1948
Discharge Wells
580
919
942
935
916
890
Rain Gauge Stations
116
164
189
190
190
190
48
48
48
Stream Flow
Data Sets Availability
2000
1900
1800
1700
OB wells
Discharge Wells
Rain Gauge Stations
Stream Flow
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2004
Terminal Report
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
35
Annex 6: List of Registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs)
Sno
Name of the
Name of the Registered farmer Institution
Mandal
Kurnool district: (NGO -BIRDS)
1
Chinneru Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Rudravaram
2
Rallavagu
3
Thundlavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Allagadda
4
Peddavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Allagadda
5
Yerravanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Chagalamarri
Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Rudravaram
6
Lothuvagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Allagadda
7
Chandravagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Allagadda
8
Buchammakonetivanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Chagalamarri
9
Konetivanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Chagalamarri
10
Bavanasi Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Allagadda
11
Peddavanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Chagalamarri
CARE, Mahaboobnagar District
12
Saraswathi Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Chinnauppuvagu HU)
Markapur
13
Mallappavagu Neeti Parivahaka Prantha Bhugarbha jalala Yajamanya
Achampet
Commeettee
14
Chandravagu Neeti Parivahaka Prantha Bhugarbha jalala Yajamanya
Balmmor
Commeettee
Prakasam District (NGO:CARVE)
15
16
Bodicherla Vagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Bodicherla HU)
Markapur
Seetanagulavaram Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Tarlupadu
(Sitanagulavaram HU)
17
18
Tarlupadu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Tarlupadu HU)
Tarlupadu
Kanugulavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Peddaravipadu
(Kanugulavagu HU)
19
Naidupallivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Naidupalli HU)
Tarlupadu
20
Mekleruvagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Mekleru HU)
Tarlupadu
21
Peddanagulavaramvagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Markapur
Peddanagulavaram (HU)
22
Sri Venkateswara Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Erravagu HU)
B.V.Peta
23
Pulivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Pulivagu HU)
Cumbum
24
Lingojipallivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Lingojipalli HU)
Tarlupadu
25
Mittamidipallivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Mittamidipalli HU)
Cumbum
26
Yadalavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Yadalavagu HU)
Markapur
27
Saraswathi Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Chinnauppuvagu HU)
Markapur
Prakasm (NGO :DIPA)
29
30
Peethuru vagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya Committee
Komarolu
Narsireddypallivagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya
Racherla
Committee
31
Palmotu vagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya Committee
Racherla
32
Uppuvagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya Committee
Giddalure
36 Terminal Report Sno
Name of the Registered farmer Institution
Name of the
Mandal
Chittoor District (NGO;GVS)
33
Akashganga HUN/Diguveti gadda
Madanapalle
34
Kadirinayani Cheruvu pranta HUN/Rommoni vagu
Ramasamudram
35
Chettycheruvu pranta HUN/Nakkillavagu
Ramasamudram
36
Sevalal HUN/kotthakunta
Tanakallau
KADAPA (NGO:PARTNER)
37
Mulabandalavagu Neeti Yajamnyapu Committee
Kasinayana
38
Erravagu Bhugarbajala Yajamanya Committee
Kasinayana
39
Bokkineruvagu Neeti parivahakaprantapu
yajamanya Committee
Tandrasila Parivahaka Prantapu Yajamanyapu Committee
Erravanka Neeti Parivahaka pranthapu
Yajamanya Committee
Taduku Neeti Parivahaka Prantapu Yajamanyapu Committee
Kasinayana
40
41
42
Kasinayana
Kalasapadu
Kalasapadu
Prakasam District (NGO: SAFE)
43
Jampaleruvagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee
Ardhaveedu
44
Sudhakuruvavagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee
Cumbum
45
Singarayakondavagu Bhugarbhajal Yajamanya Committee
Cumbum
46
Chavatavagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee
Cumbum
47
Vemuleruvagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee
Cumbum
48
Bogolu vagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee
Ardhaveedu
49
Kakarla (pedda)vagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee
Markapuram
Nalgonda District (NGO: SAID)
50
Bhaskarraokunta
Damaracherla
51
Mallappavagu
Damaracherla
52
Ulsaiapalem
Damaracherla
53
Sathyammakunta
Thripuraram
54
Kondeshikunta
Vemulapally
55
Nathiganicheruvu
Thipparty
56
Nukanayanicheruvu
Thipparty
SYA-Anantapur, Kurnool district
57
Vajrala vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee
Gooty
58
Pedda vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee
Peddavaduguru
59
Bellam vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee
Gooty
60
Maruva vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee
Gooty
61
Uppara vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee
Gooty
62
Gooty Maruva vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya
Committee
Mynapuram vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee
Peddavaduguru
63
Terminal Report
Gooty
37
Annex 7: Gender balance in the project with reference to key indicators
GMC-Members
42%
Male
HUN -Members
48%
58%
Female
Male
Female
GMC-Leadership
HUN -Leadership
40%
38%
60%
Male
62%
Female
Male
Female
OB well Volunteers
46%
Male
52%
RG station Volunteers
45%
54%
Female
Male
55%
Female
Stream flow Volunteers
FWS Graduates
39%
33%
61%
67%
Male
38 Female
Male
Female
Terminal Report Annex 8: Community Capacity Building activities implemented by the project
S. No
Trainings
Water Management
1
Module I
2
Module II
3
Module III
4
Module IV
5
Collection of Crop plans
6
CWB Workshops
7
Crop Adoption Survey
8
Raingauge Volunteers Training
9
Mechanic Trainings
10
Stream Flow Measurement
11
KIOSK Training
12
Artificial Groundwater Recharge Training
13
Motivation of School Children
14
Operation & Maintenance of PHM Assets
15
Water sample collection
16
Water quality analysis
17
AGR Exposure visit
18
Orientation on Drinking water exposure visit
S. No
Trainings
Water Based Institutions
19
GMC Meetings
20
GMC CB trainings
21
Kalajatha shows
22
HUN Vision Workshop
23
Second Generation GMC
24
Farmer -Officer Workshops
25
GMC Exposure visits
26
HUN Meetings
27
HUN CB Trainings
28
HUN Exposure visits
29
NGN Meeting
30
HUN Marketing Training
31
HUN Finance &Administration
32
HUN Handing over
33
GMC Book keeping for Secretaries
34
GMC Book keeping for Treasuries
35
HUN Conflicts Management
36
Training on Leadership Qualities
37
World Water Day
38
World Food Day
39
Grama Sabha Meetings
Terminal Report
39
S. No
Trainings
Gender in Water
39
Gender Orientation
40
Gender Sensitization
41
Module-I Training
42
Gender Module-2 Training
43
Gender Module -3 Training
44
All Women dialogues with Govt. Officials
45
Gender CB Training
46
Gender Exposure Visit
47
Kitchen Gardening
48
PHM Volunteers Training for women
49
World Women's Day
50
Gender Documentary film
51
Gender Assessment survey
52
Food & Nutrition Survey
S. No
Trainings
Agriculture
40 53
Soil Sample Collection Training
54
Crop Protection
55
Vermicompost training
56
Training on Bio agents preparation
57
Kitchen Gardening
58
Pheromone Traps Training
59
Exposure on PTD
60
FFS -Exposure visit
61
FFS - IPM
62
Exposure on SRI Paddy
63
Horticulture Trade Fair
64
External Exposure visit
65
Vermiculture Exposure visit
66
Vegetables Cultivation
67
IPM Training
68
Vermiculture trg
69
Sweet orange Cultivation
70
Pre season Orientation
71
Pre season Orientation on Groundnut
72
Pre Season Orientation on Tomato
73
Exposure to Kisan Mela
74
Linkages
75
India Organic Exposure visit
76
Organic Farming Training
77
Exposure on Water saving Methods
78
Salinity soils and Water holding Capacity
79
Dairy Farming
Terminal Report S. No
80
Trainings
Eco Farming Training
81
Eco Farming Training for Women
82
Training on IWMT
83
Curry Leaf Training
84
Fodder Management training
85
FFS - FMGS Sessions
86
FWS Sessions
87
Long term experiments
88
Short term experiments
89
Farmer Field Day
Terminal Report
41
Annex 9: List of FWS graduates trained by the project
FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2004 - 2005
S.No
Name of the PNGO
Men
Women
Total
1
CARE
46
40
86
2
SAID
49
23
72
3
PARTNER
67
16
83
TOTAL
162
79
241
FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2005 - 2006
S.No
Name of the PNGO
Men
Women
Total
1
BIRDS
75
42
117
2
CARE
38
34
72
3
CARVE
107
85
192
4
DIPA
92
76
168
5
GVS
84
47
131
6
SAFE
53
53
106
9
PARTNER
125
55
180
TOTAL
574
392
966
FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2006 - 2007
S.No
Name of the PNGO
Men
Women
Total
1
BIRDS
368
144
512
2
CARE
356
277
633
3
CARVE
424
210
634
4
DIPA
541
309
850
5
GVS
313
195
508
6
SAFE
678
397
1075
7
SAID
572
451
1023
8
SYA
533
230
763
9
PARTNER
705
372
1077
TOTAL
4490
2585
7075
FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2007 - 2008
S.No
42 Name of the PNGO
Men
Women
Total
1
BIRDS
462
162
624
2
CARE
379
243
622
3
CARVE
563
356
919
4
DIPA
534
447
981
5
GVS
489
501
990
6
SAFE
482
279
761
7
SAID
455
377
832
8
SYA
204
102
306
9
PARTNER
725
381
1106
TOTAL
4293
2848
7141
Terminal Report FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2008 - 2009
S.No
Name of the PNGO
Men
Women
Total
1
BIRDS
486
226
712
2
CARE
133
59
192
3
CARVE
548
214
762
4
DIPA
548
450
998
5
GVS
6
SAFE
314
155
469
7
SAID
269
235
504
8
SYA
46
29
75
PARTNER
452
190
642
TOTAL
2796
1558
4354
9
Terminal Report
43
Annex 10: Crop Water Budgeting Workshops conducted during the project
period
Sno
HU Name
No of
Habita
tions
CWB data available for following period
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
BIRDS, Kurnool District
1
Chinneru
18
2
Rallavagu
15
3
Thundlavagu
7
4
Peddavagu
5
5
Lothuvagu
1
6
Chandravagu
4
7
Buchamma
konetivanka
8
Konetivanka
9
Bavanasi
1
3
12
10
Yerravanka
4
11
Peddavanka
4
CARE, Mahabub Nagar District
12
Chandravagu
23
13
Mallappavagu
17
14
Mandavagu
20
CARVE, Prakasam District
15
Erravagu
4
16
P.Nagulavaram
3
17
Yadalavgu
20
18
Pulivagu
11
19
Lingojipalli vagu
20
Chinnauppuvagu
21
Kanugalavagu
22
Mekaleru
5
23
Naidupalli Vagu
1
24
Tarlupaduvagu
2
25
Bodicherla
1
26
Seetanagulavaram
4
27
Miitameedipalli Vagu
6
5
3
10
DIPA, Prakasam District
28
Palamotuvagu
8
29
Peethuruvagu
14
30
Uppuvagu
41
31
Narsireddipalli
16
32
Rallavagu
3
GVS, Chittoor District
44 33
Diguvaetigadda
54
34
Rommonivagu
13
35
Nakkillavagu
8
36
Kothakunta
2
Terminal Report Sno
HU Name
No of
Habita
tions
CWB data available for following period
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
3
36
59
63
63
PARTNER, Kadapa District
37
Taduku Vagu
8
38
Mulabandala Vagu
14
39
Erravanka
22
40
Tandrasila Vagu
6
41
Bokkineru Vagu
13
42
Erravagu
7
SAFE, Prakasam District
43
Jampaleruvagu
19
44
Vemuleruvagu
29
45
Kakarla (Pedda) vagu
18
46
Chavatavagu
1
47
Singarayakondavagu
1
48
Sudhakuruvavagu
1
49
Bogoluvagu
1
SAID, Nalgonda District
50
Bhaskar Rao Kunta
10
51
Sattamma Kunta
52
Mallappa Vagu
5
53
Ulsai Palem
6
54
Nathigani Cheruvu
11
55
Nukanaini Cheruvu
9
56
Kondeshi Kunta
3
9
SYA, Anantapur District
57
Upparavanka
14
58
Vajralavaka
16
59
Maruvavanka
13
60
Bellamvanka
6
61
Peddavanka
15
62
Mynapuram vanka
5
63
Gooty maruvavanka
3
Terminal Report
45
Annex 11: Schemes tapped by HUNs for efficient use of irrigation water
Sno
HU Name
Schemes tapped by HUN in acres
No of
Habitations
Drip
Pipes
Sprinkler
irrigation
Raingun
BIRDS, Kurnool District
1
Chinneru
18
2.00
40.00
2
Rallavagu
15
2.00
300.00
3
Thundlavagu
7
4.00
32.50
4
Peddavagu
5
8.00
165.00
5
Lothuvagu
1
80.00
6
Chandravagu
4
2.50
7
Buchamma
konetivanka
8
Konetivanka
9
Bavanasi
2.00
1
3
2.00
20.00
12
10
Yerravanka
4
11
Peddavanka
4
20.00
2.00
7.50
CARE, Mahabub Nagar District
12
Chandravagu
23
980.00
157.00
3,105.00
13
Mallappavagu
17
1,055.00
37.00
3,295.00
14
Mandavagu
20
785.00
105.00
2,710.00
CARVE, Prakasam District
15
Erravagu
4
868.00
36.00
0.00
16
P.Nagulavaram
3
780.00
0.00
0.00
17
Yadalavgu
20
4,228.00
740.00
0.00
18
Pulivagu
11
1,608.00
66.00
0.00
19
Lingojipalli vagu
608.00
180.00
180.00
20
Chinnauppuvagu
21
Kanugalavagu
22
Mekaleru
23
Naidupalli Vagu
1
24
Tarlupaduvagu
2
25
Bodicherla
1
26
Seetanagulavaram
27
Miitameedipalli Vagu
5
384.00
38.50
0.00
10
3
3,572.50
0.00
10.00
5
1,546.00
160.00
340.00
460.00
15.00
96.00
584.00
164.00
80.00
310.00
0.00
30.00
4
134.00
0.00
0.00
6
1,200.00
0.00
0.00
DIPA, Prakasam District
28
Palamotuvagu
8
786.00
26.00
53.00
29
Peethuruvagu
14
805.00
52.00
35.00
30
Uppuvagu
41
698.00
57.00
60.00
31
Narsireddipalli
16
651.00
67.00
87.00
32
Rallavagu
3
471.00
14.00
36.00
GVS, Chittoor District
46 33
Diguvaetigadda
54
44.50
34
Rommonivagu
13
10.00
35
Nakkillavagu
8
2.00
36
Kothakunta
2
54.15
15.50
Terminal Report Sno
HU Name
Schemes tapped by HUN in acres
No of
Habitations
Drip
Pipes
irrigation
Sprinkler
Raingun
PARTNER, Kadapa District
37
Taduku Vagu
8
138.00
125.00
38
Mulabandala Vagu
39
Erravanka
40
Tandrasila Vagu
6
41
Bokkineru Vagu
13
42
Erravagu
14
30.00
146.00
22
852.00
220.00
16.00
155.00
8.00
10.00
1,075.00
436.00
12.00
142.00
6.00
7
4.00
SAFE, Prakasam District
43
Jampaleruvagu
19
678.00
120.00
610.00
44
Vemuleruvagu
29
495.60
118.50
126.00
45
Kakarla (Pedda) vagu
18
1,022.40
360.00
236.00
46
Chavatavagu
1
18.00
10.00
0.00
47
Singarayakondavagu
1
64.80
0.00
0.00
48
Sudhakuruvavagu
1
31.20
52.00
0.00
49
Bogoluvagu
1
24.00
0.00
0.00
SAID, Nalgonda District
50
Bhaskar Rao Kunta
10
928.25
104.50
0.00
51
Sattamma Kunta
9
245.80
1.20
0.00
52
Mallappa Vagu
5
183.50
28.00
0.00
53
Ulsai Palem
54
Nathigani Cheruvu
11
55
Nukanaini Cheruvu
56
Kondeshi Kunta
6
421.50
0.00
0.00
1,193.50
2,376.75
26.50
9
165.50
1,174.50
0.00
3
23.00
173.00
3.00
14
48.00
8.00
17.00
SYA, Anantapur District
57
Upparavanka
58
Vajralavaka
16
48.00
8.00
188.00
59
Maruvavanka
13
88.00
11.00
29.00
60
Bellamvanka
6
48.00
6.00
45.00
61
Peddavanka
15
42.00
7.00
112.00
62
Mynapuram vanka
5
18.00
2.00
22.00
63
Gooty maruvavanka
3
8.00
1.00
22.00
30,558.55
7,683.60
12,284.50
Terminal Report
2.00
47
Annex 12: Area cropped under different crops during the project period
Sno
Crop
1
Paddy
2
Redgram
3
Bengalgram
Cropped area in Acre
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
7,181.43
10,623.25
11,512.17
12,898.79
10,998.05
507.00
510.00
2,086.50
2,188.00
2,100.00
2.00
239.00
639.00
1,558.00
1,899.00
1,366.95
9,428.76
8,357.98
12,151.95
11,350.95
767.30
5,928.10
7,516.55
13,135.60
14,793.70
535.00
798.50
2,494.75
2,534.35
4
Groundnut
5
Sunflower
6
Cotton
3,387.00
7
Chilli
1,562.53
4,131.56
10,298.72
10,092.10
7,159.54
8
Bajra
179.20
1,848.75
2,373.60
3,197.50
2,862.10
9
Jowar
1.00
1,310.65
245.80
529.20
2,228.60
10
Black gram
42.00
220.50
889.05
313.20
143.50
11
green gram
3.00
57.00
335.85
104.00
94.70
12
Cluster Bean
0.00
0.00
39.00
57.00
58.00
13
Ragulu
160.70
577.70
553.56
622.20
797.75
14
Caster
151.00
216.75
217.50
328.00
596.00
15
Cotton
3,387.00
610.00
798.50
2,494.75
3,064.85
16
Sweet orange
596.60
6,996.50
9,041.40
12,845.65
12,537.41
17
Mango
13.00
410.25
527.30
638.25
756.00
18
Sapota
0.00
132.00
199.50
199.00
217.50
19
Sugar Cane
410.00
309.97
1,197.81
771.15
710.25
20
Tomato
3.10
1,281.65
1,578.05
1,230.80
1,429.75
21
Watermelon
0.00
18.00
43.50
37.70
3.50
22
Banana
48.00
45.00
133.25
142.75
248.25
23
Turmeric
24
Drumstick
25
Weat
26
Onian
27
Coriander
28
Guava
29
Sorghum
30
Papaya
31
Vegetables
32
Floriculture
33
Horticulture
34
Others
48 44.00
127.50
115.00
56.00
310.50
116.00
6.00
18.00
51.00
108.00
2.00
23.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
64.25
21.25
38.00
61.50
16.00
64.75
171.28
227.55
225.00
0.00
34.00
36.00
51.50
62.50
621.00
80.50
2,256.00
1,665.00
5,601.00
0.00
52.00
210.11
256.50
118.50
165.00
811.51
831.59
827.60
1,243.59
0.00
76.00
113.67
109.05
119.70
568.00
40.00
31.75
26.00
23.00
0.00
584.50
708.00
1,002.80
950.00
21,300.81
47,394.75
63,895.74
82,341.34
85,407.04
Terminal Report Annex 13: Groundwater draft during the project period
No of
Sno
HU Name
Habitati
ons
Year wise Draft Calculated in (cu.m)
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
BIRDS, Kurnool District
1
Chinneru
18
13831390
19131940
12579420
11589160
2
Rallavagu
15
15840958
15719782
12751780
9337420
3
Thundlavagu
7
13522400
8483350
10057000
4
Peddavagu
5
4225800
3173880
3609640
5
Lothuvagu
1
1785810
1247000
873400
6
Chandravagu
4
6453180
4587760
2995720
1
1803000
1300200
1460300
3
3565395
2656720
4286600
17254500
10134740
13357800
7078340
3896886
6757000
8456730
4162590
8034200
7
Buchamma
konetivanka
8
Konetivanka
9
Bavanasi
8748935
4248684
12
10
Yerravanka
4
11
Peddavanka
4
8244100
CARE, Mahabub Nagar District
12
Chandravagu
23
10885880
7602430
9511722
8541200
13
Mallappavagu
17
17557300
11037280
12760042
11157920
14
Mandavagu
20
12540526
9493010
10506260
10849560
4
1766800
4531660
3545140
3907524
CARVE, Prakasam District
15
Erravagu
16
P.Nagulavaram
3
1219339
1788423
1428096
1303940
17
Yadalavgu
20
6706880
21060600
12811840
11976193
18
Pulivagu
11
4763135
9629048
8408998
6087740
19
Lingojipalli vagu
5
3567352
4186956
3013814
3375711
20
Chinnauppuvagu
3
721419
21
Kanugalavagu
22
Mekaleru
23
Naidupalli Vagu
1
1047320
1026585
772578
24
Tarlupaduvagu
2
1793480
2190483
2347344
25
Bodicherla
1
1102660
946030
373640
26
Seetanagulavaram
4
1393404
822930
983115
27
Miitameedipalli Vagu
6
4977808
3690163
2529304
10
5
1187379
830520
1116288
10640760
8085664
8139465
7860250
4939292
4039991
DIPA, Prakasam District
28
Palamotuvagu
8
10623559
12318366
11810945
11580187
29
Peethuruvagu
14
10128350
8873866
9631680
9198780
30
Uppuvagu
41
7931553
9515766
12695480
13007174
31
Narsireddipalli
16
8310500
9012159
7556026
8351582
32
Rallavagu
3
3921333
4170742
4410073
4612390
GVS, Chittoor District
33
Diguvaetigadda
54
4593635
9966815
7100875
7597946
34
Rommonivagu
13
2678662
3457767
3037382
2479785
35
Nakkillavagu
8
881684
1371094
1205092
1567001
36
Kothakunta
2
240422
416652
369989
508089
Terminal Report
427734
49
No of
Sno
HU Name
Habitati
ons
Year wise Draft Calculated in (cu.m)
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
7162580
8309240
9023558
7285980
17395952
17338572
13513608
15120264
15209340
12711528
11792700
5414632
4713842
5500145
13742366
9734765
9133940
8952252
10650944
9076312
7680840
PARTNER, Kadapa District
37
Taduku Vagu
8
38
Mulabandala Vagu
14
39
Erravanka
22
40
Tandrasila Vagu
6
41
Bokkineru Vagu
13
42
Erravagu
6516211
7
SAFE, Prakasam District
43
Jampaleruvagu
19
21295120
21897060
16462366
22630460
44
Vemuleruvagu
29
17364820
18772528
16993650
18846308
18
15368175
15832619
12546680
17274000
45
Kakarla (Pedda)
vagu
46
Chavatavagu
1
918525
679600
762610
47
Singarayakondavagu
1
1115560
1549250
1715760
48
Sudhakuruvavagu
1
815810
722200
1162397
49
Bogoluvagu
1
1619270
734580
1206860
5618108
4963411
7401771
712705
SAID, Nalgonda District
50
Bhaskar Rao Kunta
10
4000660
51
Sattamma Kunta
9
2308684
1400983
1673671
52
Mallappa Vagu
5
3300208
4648972
4486192
4766940
53
Ulsai Palem
6
1075346
2009945
1489300
2140592
54
Nathigani Cheruvu
11
19185895
20414440
55
Nukanaini Cheruvu
9
13524850
15253458
56
Kondeshi Kunta
3
1004999
1366920
SYA, Anantapur District
57
Upparavanka
14
1738839
1710604
1618933
1771849
58
Vajralavaka
16
3545266
3157575
4112163
5380863
59
Maruvavanka
13
2991785
2465464
2751138
2726654
60
Bellamvanka
6
1440740
61
Peddavanka
15
62
Mynapuram vanka
5
63
Gooty maruvavanka
3
50 1363165
1427225
1082680
2208740
1603580
1633469
411838
375339
472471
353391
315640
Terminal Report Annex 14: Static Water Levels in the project area during the project period
15 May Static Water Level (SWL) Maximum 186 m bgl
200.00
190.00
180.00
2006
2007
2008
2009
170.00
160.00
150.00
140.00
130.00
120.00
110.00
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
15 Aug Static Water Level (SWL) Maximum 116m bgl
130.00
120.00
110.00
100.00
2006
2007
2008
2009
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Terminal Report
51
15 Nov Static Water Level (SWL) Maximum 157m bgl
170.00
160.00
150.00
2005
2006
2007
2008
140.00
130.00
120.00
110.00
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
52 Terminal Report Annex 15:
Results of Artificial Groundwater Recharge interventions of the
Project
No. of Wells
Year
Under AGR
Revitalized
2004-05
171
10
2005-06
171
23
2006-07
363
39
2007-08
723
63
2008-09
723
72
No of wells
Results of AGR
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Under AGR
Revitalized
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
Year
Terminal Report
53
Annex 16: Details of the revenue generated by HUNs on data sales and Visitors
S.NO
HUN
PNGO
HUN Bank A/C No
BIRDS
1
Yerravanka
CARE
Chandravagu
3
Mandavagu
4
Erravagu
SBH / 62063651573
5
Chinnauppuvagu
6
Rallavagu
7
Peethuruvagu
30391348390
8
Peethuruvagu
30391348390
9
Narsireddipallivagu
30269087631
Diguvetigadda
Ground water
Management Studies
Study on APFAMGS
activities
11675633739
GVS
10
Management Studies
Orange farmers
30305833309
DIPA
Ground water
Survey on Sweet
4208
03.03.2009
World Bank study team
10,000.00
10,000.00
CADA Team
2,500.00
World Bank Survey
10.3.2009
AFPRO
26.4.08
World Bank Study
Team(AFPRO)
Grounwater
World Bank Study
Management studies
Team(AFPRO)
Grounwater
World Bank Study Team
Management studies
(Hyd.Central University)
Grounwater
World Bank Study Team
Management studies
(Hyd.Central University)
IAMWARM project,
Tamilnadu
10,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
17.02.09
1,000.00
25.6.09
1,000.00
Visiting CWB Process
FES, Siddagattuvaripalli
Visiting CWB Process
FES, Chinthamani
29.6.09
1,000.00
Visiting CWB Process
FES, Gownivaripalli
16.7.09
1,000.00
30.8.09
2,800.00
18.9.09
2,000.00
Visiting CWB Process
Amount Rs.
University)
Management studies
Visiting CWB Process
54 (Hyd. Central
Grounwater
Visiting CWB Process
9247
Date
World Bank Study Team
Management studies
SBI / 11492623262
CARVE
Visitor (Client)
Grounwater
30292484743
2
Purpose
IAMWARM project,
Tamilnadu
IAMWARM project,
Tamilnadu
Terminal Report S.NO
HUN
PNGO
HUN Bank A/C No
Purpose
Visiting CWB Process
11
Rommonivagu
9249
9248
13
Kothakunta
34991
14
Erravagu
PARTNER
Tamilnadu
Amount Rs.
27-2-09
1,000.00
World Bank
9/3/2009
2,000.00
Visiting CWB Process
FES,Lakkinapalli
12/7/2009
1,000.00
30.8.09
1,500.00
18.9.09
1,000.00
Visiting CWB Process
Nakkilavagu
IAMWARM project,
Date
Survey
Visiting CWB Process
12
Visitor (Client)
IAMWARM project,
Tamilnadu
IAMWARM project,
Tamilnadu
Survey
World Bank
9.3.2009
10,000.00
Exposure
GMC members
27.10.09
3,485.00
Impact study
Ground water dept.
24.07.09
1,000.00
World Bank team
13-3-2009
10,000.00
GWD Ananthapur
10.2.2009
500.00
GWB Mahaboob nagar
25-2-2009
500.00
World Bank Team Visit
28.02.2009
10,000.00
Afpro team
18.03.2009
2,000.00
Afpro team
18.03.2009
2,000.00
World bank survay team
4.17.2009
World Bank team visit
30695453706
Evalution survey (144
farmers)
15
Erravanka
30304667024
16
Erravanka
30304667024
17
Jampaleruvagu
18
Jampaleruvagu
19
Vemuleruvagu
20
Mallappa vagu
21
Bellamvanka
22
Vajaralvanka
SAFE
SB A\c0363774332
SAID
SYA
Project impact and
PHM instralation
Project impact and
PHM instralation
World bank servey
SBA\c-
Interaction with GMC
30363774332
members
SB A\c11684523736
Interaction with GMC
SBI 88
members
Survay on crop
changes
305233001
interaction
World bank team
11485569303
interaction/data
World bank team
10,000.00
2,000.00
10,560.00
137,845.00
Terminal Report
55
Annex 17: GIS data sets generated by the project
APFAMGS Data Base
17.1
Background
Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater System (APFAMGS) project’s greatest strength is in
enabling several thousand farmers residing in 638 habitations spread over several hundred kilometers
to collect technical data related to Meteorology, Geology, Groundwater levels, groundwater pumping,
groundwater quality, soil, crops and agriculture inputs on their own consistently for 4 years without any
monetary gains. This approach prepared the community to act as foot soldiers for data gathering without
being intimidated by the technologies. This in a way liberated the community from the bondage of
outsiders deciding what is good for them. Thus by a combination of strengthening community skills and
strengthening local institutions
the community realized that they are the custodians of the groundwater
resource under sever threat and they have a rightful responsibility to protect and hand it over safely to
their children.
56 Terminal Report In the process of data gathering all the different steps including the
science of hydrology, typical
observations, measurements, recording, classification, documentation, analysis, exchange of information,
making hypothesis, testing the hypothesis by further experiments and observation are all strictly
adhered to. Overall the effort has been to ensure that there is
no attempt to dilute the science just
because it is handled by the community who necessarily do not have necessarily gone through the formal
education system.
The project role has been in strengthening the farmer institutions with capacity and skills for acquiring
the knowledge in data collection. More than 6380 rural farmers (men and women) were trained with
technical skills, capacity and knowledge for data collection. Another 30,000 farmers were trained in
converting the data to knowledge and use it successfully in managing groundwater crisis.
17.2
Data Movement Path
At the lowest level which is the data source trained farmers collect the data for the different specified
parameters at the appropriate time and frequency across the project and transfer the data to the HMR
log book, From the HMR log book the data is transferred to the village display board where first level
integration takes place at the Habitation level. Primary
data validation is exercise for consistency checks
between the various data points within the habitation.
Terminal Report
57
Share data with
Global Community
Interpreted graphs, Maps and Reports
Data sharing at Project Level through
Publication in News Letter
Integrate point level data with thematic
maps (GIS layers)
Data Analysis
Consolidate Habitation level data at
Hydrological Unit
at Hydrological Unit
Computerization at NGO level
Enter onto Habitation Village display
Record in HMR Log Book at the site
Data Collection by Farmers
Data from the different Habitations within the Hydrological Unit is consolidated at the Hydrological Unit
Level Network (HUN) and the data passes through secondary validation test. Validated data that has
been certified by the HUN is keyed into the computer at the NGO for the different HUN’s using Habitation
Resource Information System (HRIS) software In parallel validated data
shared at the project level for tertiary validation
through
from the different HUN’s is
newsletter “Neela Muchata”
13
. The News
letter is published in local language Telugu for generating the necessary curiosity at interest in data
scrutiny. This triggers a process of internalization of the data and sets into motion discussions at various
levels and formation of opinions on the cause and the effects. It also helps consolidate individual views
and develop common perspective towards handling distress collectively
HRIS stores data of individual farmers that can be queried at habitation and Hydrologic Unit level. HRIS
database of Different HU’s is integrated at NGO level while at the project level this is available for the
entire project. HRIS has helped organize the farmer-collected data in a computerized format that is
available for sharing with the scientific community as well as planners. Data Products Catalogue
13
14
14
is
APFAMGS news letter published in Telugu with articles from Farmers and Scientists
Data Products Catalogue-APFAMGS Publication on Meta Data
58 Terminal Report published annually for sharing the information on meta-data with the data users. Farmers have
successfully sold the data to number of Research Institutes, Academic Researchers and World Bank.
17.3
Data Base Design
HRIS is an RDBMS database and
uses MS-Access database for storing information. HRIS can store data
from all the 638 habitations for the various parameters for a number of years. The database design is
such that large amount of information is stored in a simple and logical way that it can be ported between
machines, offices and different working environment effortlessly. The Database is linked to report
generating software for generating Customised Graphs, Diagrams and Reports through simple button
functions.
HRIS can operates in windows environment and is simple to install and maintain,
The database file can
be zipped (few kilobytes) and mailed to different users. The software comes with export and import
feature so that only the upgraded portion of the database is integrated.
17.4 Data Base Organisation
HRIS organizes data systematically so that the data can be called for individual farmers, individual/group
of habitations or for individual Hydrological Unit.
Terminal Report
59
17.5
GIS Data Sets
Demystification of GIS has been taken up by the project. The aim is to customize GIS applications for
easy viewing by rural communities. The focus is in making GIS available to the community for accessing
information about individual and shared resources without external facilitators. With new insight on their
resources in both space and time, it is expected that tough decision making with regard to natural
resources and particularly in crop planning matching the water resource availability becomes possible.
60 Terminal Report Use of GIS by communities helps avoid resource-related conflicts as they build consensus on their
availability.
Communities access GIS data through “Information Kiosk”. The kiosk integrates GIS technology with
Remote Sensing, Internet and basic computations.
Seven GIS themes have been created for all the
HU’s. Use of satellite imageries for the same geographical area has enabled integration of remotely
sensed imageries with GIS maps. Integration of such themes has helped in updating various features as
well as for generating thematic maps. Integrated maps of GIS have helped track crop changes adopted
by the farmers over the project period.
Remote sensing analysis has been used to conduct corroboration of crop pattern data with field reports.
Project has successfully identified remote sensing signature of the high-water-use crops group (> 1,000
millimeters, including paddy, turmeric, banana, and sugar cane) and distinguishing it from that of the
low-water-use crops group (<375 millimeters, comprising black gram, green gram, gingili, and millet),
and then deducing the area under each group during different seasons. The analysis indicates that the
area under high-water-use crops in select HU’s decreased
from 2004–05 to 2007–08, whereas the area
under the low-water-use crops increased significantly.
17.6 Data Storage Architecture
The HRIS software stores all the data – both static and dynamic data as (*.mdb files).
In addition, provision for converting data, based on requirements, into other formats (.xls, .txt) is
available. GIS data is archived in ESRI (*.shp) format.
At the lowest level ie with NGO’s the data is organized for individual HUN’s.
Terminal Report
61
The database files available with individual NGO’s is given in the table. These data can be made available
to data users for the entire HU or customized to the users requirements.
GIS database is stored separately as*.shp files for individual HU’s as Five layer
Data at
Project
Level
Stored
with
Nodal
thematic map.
BIRDS
Data of 63 HU stored in 55 HU
level database
Data at
HU Level
Stored
with
PNGO
At the project level with Nodal NGO BIRDS
there are 63 data files that contains data for individual HU’s.
GIS database for the entire project is also available with Nodal NGO BIRDS.
The details of the data available at the Habitation is provided in the Table. Software provides facility for
extracting data (as*.xls, *.txt) from the main database for specific parameters. The data availability for
the different parameters include:
Main
Directory
Sub Directory
Met data
Description
Daily Rainfall
format
data for individual stations (191
stations)
Groundwater Level
(Static and Pumping) for
2027 observation wells @
Hydro-geological Data
.mdb
.mdb
15 days frequency of monitoring
Habitation
Discharge measurement from
Level Data
wells
984 observation
.mdb
General Information 637 habitations
Habitation Details
(Demography, Infrastructure, local institutions,
(Static)
land area, cropped area, , irrigation sources,
.mdb
Trainings)
Institution Data
GMC membership.
.mdb
The details of the data available at the Hydrologic unit level is provided in the Table.
62 Terminal Report Details of the Archived files at the Project Level
Main
Sub
Directory
Directory
Description
No of records
Crop Water
Budget
Hydrological Unit Level Data
(CWB)
Ground Water Balance Estimation
2006-07
59
2007-08
62
2008-09
62
3
2006-07
59
2007-08
62
2008-09
62
2004-05
3
by
2005-06
38
using
2006-07
59
groundwater for irrigation
2007-08
62
2008-09
62
Hydrological monitoring stations
2006-07
63
Drainage map
2005-06
63
Crop
Plan
of
individual
groundwater for
Rabi
Crop
individual
adoption
farmers
Geology Map
2005-06
63
Habitation map
2005-06
63
Jan 2006
63
Land use Map generated use
Satellite Imageries
Terminal Report
38
38
irrigation
GIS Data
2005-06
2005-06
farmers using
Details
3
2004-05
Rabi
Agriculture
2004-05
format
.mdb
.mdb
.mdb
ESRI
*.shp
63
17.7 Information Kiosk
Information Kiosk15 has been designed by the project to help Farmers access and interact with the
computerized database.
Information Kiosk provides a medium to view the data collected by different
farmers over a regional area in the form of GIS maps, graphs and charts. The kiosk also helps answer
queries related to impact of hypothetical crop changes (“what-if” scenarios) on the entire drainage
system.
The Information Kiosk is a totally screen driven (touch screen) facility with large icons displaying limited
but focused data, supported by graphics and animations. The language is local with very simple and
intuitive navigation paths. The hardware is typically a standard configuration, not generally visible to the
users. The Kiosk carries out basic computations to answer various queries raised by the farmers and
displays the results as animations, graphics and charts, which the users can understand and appreciate.
15
Poster on Information Kiosk made at CGIAR conference 2009 in Wageningen was awarded the first
prize.
64 Terminal Report Annex 18: Foreign students/visitors to APFAMGS project
Sno
Purpose
1
International Learning
Workshop on Demind side
groundwater management
Name of the Participants
Country
1
Abdulla Mohammed Al-Thary
Yemen
2
Ahmad Dehghan
Iran
3
Andrew I. Ayeni
Abuja Nigeria
4
Babatunde Oloko
Nigeria
5
2
Community led
groundwater management
Terminal Report
Dr. Azeneth Eufrausino
Schuler
Brazil
The Republic of
6
Dr. Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily
7
Hamisi Dulla Mzoba
8
Judith Abdul Njalambaya
Tanzania
9
Kinley Dorji
Bhutan
10
Mbuyi Kalombo
11
Myint Aung
Yangon, Myanmar
12
Phanuel Mucheni Matseshe
Kenya
13
Pronmongkol Chidchob
Thailand
14
Samuel M. Contreras
Philippines
15
Youngyos Neamsub
Thailand
16
Ebitimi Tawari
Nigeria
1
Francescas Mancine
Italy
2
Stefano Benato
Italy
3
Urtizverea Yoann
France
4
Stephen
Netherlands
Yemen
Kenya
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
65
Annex 19: Capacity building activities conducted by project for agencies
within India
Sno
Organization
Participants
State
Year
16 members
Rajasthan
2009
20 officers
Maharashtra
2009
20
Maharashtra
2009
32 Engineers
Tamil Nadu
2009
25 officers
Andhra Pradesh
2008
Honorable Speaker of Rajasthan
Legislative Assembly Shri Deependra
1
Singh Shekhawat and 15 Members of
Legislative Assembly (MLAs) of
Rajasthan
Government of Maharashtra - Water
2
Supply & Sanitation Department,
Jalswarajya Project
Government of Maharashtra - Water
3
Supply & Sanitation Department,
Jalswarajya Project
The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization
4
and Water Resources Management
(IAMWARM) project Tamil Nadu
5
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater
Department (APSGWD)
6
Officers
18
Afghanistan
2005
7
CHETHANA
15
Tamil Nadu
2005
8
Officers
4
Bhutan
2006
NAANDI Foundation
15
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
2006
6
Orrissa
2007
9
10
Principal Secretary and Engineers from
Irrigation dept.
11
APWAM Project
50
12
Social work students
3
13
CGWB, SGWB, CRD and DWMA officers
25
14
CRYD
Thirupathi and Bapatla,
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
2007
Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
2008
Mahaboob nagar, Andhra
2
2007
Pradesh
2008
15
Agriculture Students
5
Netherlands
2008
16
Agriculture Students
2
Nepal
2008
17
CRIDA Hyderabad
3
Hyderabad
2005
18
Mr.G.Gadrik & Benjiman
2
Kenya
2006
19
APHRO
2
Hyderabad
2006
20
MANAGE
2
Hyderabad
2007
World Bank Team
3
New Delhi
2007
12
Andhra Pradesh
2008
21
22
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater
Department (APSGWD)
23
Central University Students
7
Hyderabad
2007
24
Research Scholars
2
Netherlands
2008
1
France
2008
25
Research Scholars
Nice
26
Mr.Jacob
1
Bangalore
2008
27
D.P.D / APCBTM Project
2
Hyderabad
2008
66 Terminal Report Sno
Organization
Participants
28
GWD department
2
State
Anathapuram &
Mahaboob Nagar
Year
2008
Mr.Manoj Sharma
29
Sofil Water Management,
1
Gujarath
2008
Palampure
30
Plant – Pathology department
03 officers
Bangalore
2005
31
FAO-IN
01 officers
New delhi
2005
32
World Education
01 officers
Hyderabad
2005
33
Line Department officials
06 Engineers
Karnataka
2005
34
FAO-IN
05 officers
New delhi
2007
35
Ground water department officials
13 Officers
Andhra Pradesh
2007
World Bank visited
03 officers
Hyderabad
2008
23 officers
Andhra Pradesh
2008
05 officers
Tamil Nadu
2009
22 officers
Tamil Nadu
2009
2 members
Andhra Pradesh
2006
1 Officer
Bestavaripeta, Prakasam
(MDO)
(Dt)
6 Members
World Bank - Hyderanad
1 Officer
Bestavaripeta, Prakasam
(AEO)
(Dt)
1 Officer (HO)
Cumbum, Prakasam (Dt)
2009
Cumbum, Prakasam (Dt)
2009
36
37
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater
Department (APSGWD)
The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization
38
and Water Resources Management
(IAMWARM) project Tamil Nadu
The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization
39
and Water Resources Management
(IAMWARM) project Tamil Nadu
40
AFPRO team visit
41
Mandal Development Office (MDO)
42
World Bank team Visit
43
Agriculture Dept.
44
Horticulture Dept.
2008
2008
2009
1 Officer
45
Marketing - IKP
(State Coordinator)
Bestavaripeta, Prakasam
46
DRDA - IKP
1 Officer
47
Ground water Dept.
1 Geologist
48
HOSTA Org.
2 Officers
Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater
6 Hydro
Department (APSGWD),Ongole
Geologists
50
MLA-Cumbum
51
Zilla Parishat
52
Agriculture Dept
53
Horticulture Dept
4 Scioentists
Andhra Pradesh
54
Revenue Department
5 MROs
Andhra Pradesh
55
Sericulture Department
3 officers
Andhra Pradesh
49
Terminal Report
(Dt)
Ongole, Prakasam (Dt)
M.P.Cheruvu, Prakasam
(Dt).
2009
2009
2009
Andhra Pradesh
2009
1 member
Andhra Pradesh
2007
5 members
Andhra Pradesh
2007
9 officers,
Scientists
Andhra Pradesh
20052008
2007
20052008
2006
67
Sno
Organization
Participants
State
Year
56
Regional Agriculture Research Station
5 Scientists
Andhra Pradesh
20062007
10,(5
57
Mandal Parishat
MDO,s),5
Andhra Pradesh
MPP,s
58
Forest Department
59
Disrtict Water Management Agency
60
2008
2 FRO,s
Andhra Pradesh
2006
3 officers
Andhra Pradesh
2007
Andhra Pradesh
2008
Andhra Pradesh
2007
Andhra Pradesh
2007
8 Officers
Andhara Pradesh Community Based
(Including 4
Management Project
APD,s)
61
Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project
62
NABARD
68 2005-
3 Irrigation
Engeneers
2 Officers
Terminal Report Annex 20: Frequently Asked Question (Visitors)
1.
Who owns the observation well?
2.
What are the materials given to you for collecting hydrological data?
3.
Is the person collecting data is paid by the project?
4.
What is the use of collecting hydrological data?
5.
What is the structure of the GMC/HUN?
6.
What happens if some of the executive members resign or removed?
7.
Before the Project, did you see a Rain Gauge Station and knew about the measuring methods?
8.
Are you changing crops a result of Crop Water Budgeting?
9.
If some of you were not willing to change crops, what action did you take as GMC/HUN?
10.
How did you come to know about the crop water requirement?
11.
After the withdrawal of PNGO, will you continue to collect hydrological data?
12.
How do you ensure that the data collected is authentic and accurate?
13.
How do you manage when a conflict or crisis arise within the institution?
14.
Why do you need a GMC, where there are already a number of institutions in your village?
15.
Whether elder family members object women participation in the project activities?
16.
How do you think you have you benefited by participating in the APFAMGS project?
17.
What are the benefits of adopting low external agricultural practices?
18.
How are able to collect hydrological data, which is a task of scientists?
19.
How will you ensure sustainability of your institution and continuality hydrological monitoring
after the project support is withdrawn?
20.
Do you have skills for making use of the Habitation Resource Information System (HRIS) and
the Information Kiosks developed by the project?
Terminal Report
69
Annex 21: Frequently Asked Question (Farmers)
1.
Is there a provision for Supply of Water saving devices (Drip, Sprinkler sets) in the Project?
2.
Is there a provision for Rejuvenation of abandoned dug wells in the project?
3.
Can the project support drilling of new borewells for small & marginal farmers where the
Groundwater Stress is and not there and waste lands are available for development?
4.
Can the project fund the construction of weather forecasting stations?
5.
Can the project provide agricultural inputs like seeds, vermi Compost, neem oil, etc?
6.
Can the project provide necessary support for making HUNs as Marketing Agencies of
fertilizers, seeds, sprayers and tarpaulin sheets etc?
7.
There is lot of demand for fodder seed. Can the project facilitate procurement by HUNs so
that they can supply farmers, on cost basis?
8.
Can the project support “Farmer Research Schools” on water saving methods?
9.
Can the project establish a demonstration farm in stead of using farmer fields?
10.
Can HUNs take up nursing raising, with the technical support of the project?
11.
Can the project facilitate buy-back arrangement with Agro Based companies?
12.
Will the project pay the Farmer Resource Persons when they serve outside their operational
area?
70 13.
Can the GMCs be registered?
14.
How can we recharge the aquifers in our area?
15.
We want to know about the controlling pests and deceases in various crops?
16.
What are the differences between traditional irrigation and micro irrigation?
17.
What is the use of taking water samples for quality analysis?
18.
Is it possible to convert the defunct bore well as injection bore well?
19.
How can we get good price for our agriculture produces?
20.
Why should we maintain odd number in the Executive committee?
21.
Why equal representation of gender is required in GMC/HUN committees?
22.
What are the benefits I get if I save ground water?
23.
Why women should attend the meetings and take part in the GMC committees?
24.
Will the groundwater saved by the GMCs remain in the same village?
25.
Can the project provide marketing facilities for organic produce?
26.
What is the use of soil testing and water testing?
Terminal Report Annex 22: Publications/presentations and other material produced by
APFAMGS
Reports:
1.
Proposed Work Plan June – August 2009
2.
DSGM Training Completion Report for the Officials of
May, 2009
Government of Maharashtra , Water Supply & Sanitation
Department, Reform Support & Project Management Unit
3.
Feb, 2009
DSGM Training Completion Report for the Officials of
Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies
Restoration of Management IAMWARM Project,
Government of Tamil Nadu
Feb, 2009
Half Yearly Progress Report: July to Dec 2008
Jan, 2009
5.
DSGM Completion Report
Dec, 2008
6.
Plan and Budget Dec 08 to May 09
Oct, 2008
7.
Data Products Catalogue 2008
Aug, 2008
8.
Work plan July-December 2008
July, 2008
9.
Half Yearly Progress Report: Jan - Jun 2008
July, 2008
4.
10. Plan and Budget 2008
Mar, 2008
11. Cross Cultural Perspectives on Groundwater Based Institutions
Sept, 2007
12. Plan and Budget July-December 2007
Jan, 2007
13. International Learning Workshop on Demand side Management
Sept, 2007
GW Completion Report
14. Half Yearly Progress Report – Annexures
July, 2007
15. Half Yearly Progress Report: Jan-June 2007
July, 2007
16. Useful implements and methods of use in conducting GW training
Feb, 2007
Sessions as part of field school methods - Toolkit (English).
17. Useful implements and methods of use in conducting GW training
May, 2007
Sessions as part of field school methods - Toolkit (Telugu)
18. Causes and control of Root rot diseases in Sweet Orange in
May, 2007
APFAMGS Project (Markapur project area)
19. Half Yearly Progress Report: Jan -June 2006
Sept, 2006
20. Half Yearly Report Jan -June 2006 (Draft)
Sept, 2006
21. Revised Plan and Budget 2006
July, 2006
22. Plan and Budget 2006
Feb, 2006
23. Half-Yearly Progress Report: Jan-June 2005
2005
24. Annual Plan and Budget – 2005
2005
25. Half-yearly Progress Report: May-Dec 2004
2004
26. Project Launching Workshop Report – 2004
2004
27. RNE Final Report - July 2003-April 2004
2004
28. Half-Yearly Progress Report: July-Dec 2003
2003
Newsletters:
1.
Neella Muchatta - IX news letter 2007
June, 2007
2. Neella Muchatta - VIII news letter 2007
Feb, 2007
3.
Neella Muchetta - VII news letter-2006
Nov, 2006
4.
Neella Muchetta -VI news letter – 2006
May, 2006
5.
Neella Muchetta - V News letters-2006
June, 2006
Terminal Report
71
6.
Neella Muchetta IV news letter – 2005
Oct, 2005
7.
TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –XIII
July, 2005
8.
TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –XII
July, 2005
9.
TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –XI
July, 2005
10. Neella Muchetta III news letter- 2005
Aug, 2005
11. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –X
July, 2005
12. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –IX
July, 2005
13. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –VIII
June, 2005
14. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –VII
June, 2005
15. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –VI
June, 2005
16. Neella Muchetta II news letter – 2005
May, 2005
17. Neella Muchetta I news letter – 2005
Feb, 2005
18. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –V
June, 2005
19. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –IV
May, 2005
20. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –III
May, 2005
21. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –II
May, 2005
22. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –I
May, 2005
Books:
1.
FWS (FWS) Manual
Aug, 2008
2.
Information Kiosk Manual
Aug, 2008
3.
The Trail of Change (Telugu)
Sept, 2006
4.
Nourishing Traditions (Local Greens)
Oct, 2006
5.
The Trail of Change (English)
(Villages view point on APFAMGS intervention)
Sept, 2006
6.
Data Products Catalogue "AGUA"
Jun, 2006
7.
Process Document establishment of GMC
Sept, 2005
8.
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Report
Aug, 2006
9.
Training Manual on GIS – 2005
2005
10. Chinneru Base Document – 2005
2005
11. Reference Material Water Management
2005
12. FAO Project Document (Telugu) – 2004
2004
13. FAO Project Document (English) – 2004
2004
Internal Notes:
1.
Impact study on AGR (Draft)
2.
Geographical Information System – GIS
Sept, 2006
Sept, 2006
3. Note on APFAMGS Project Website www.apfamgs.org
Sept, 2006
4.
Sept, 2006
Habitation Resource Information System (HRIS+)
5.
Technology and knowledge for gender equity and justice
Sept, 2006
6.
Concept Papers - Water Based Institution
Mar, 2006
7.
Concept Papers - Gender in Water
Mar, 2006
8.
Concept Papers – Agriculture
Mar, 2006
9.
Concept Papers - Groundwater Management
Mar, 2006
10. Concept paper Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)
Mar, 2006
72 Terminal Report Articles/Study Reports/Papers
1.
Mani K. A. S, Rao P. S, and. Govardhan Das S. V., Rural Information Kiosk -Taking IT to farmers
for improving crop water efficiency in areas subjected to groundwater distress - an FAO-India
initiative Presented at the Science Forum 2009 in Global Forum on Agriculture Research (GFAR),
Wageningen, The Netherlands on 16 and 17 June 2009
2.
Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, Hydrological data as a farm-level decision making tool
– Experiences from a FAO project in Andhra Pradesh, India, Presented at the Fifth World Water
Forum, Istanbul, Turkey (16-22 March 2009)
3.
Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, LAO145RAPFT2, Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed
Groundwater Systems Project: Demystifying Science for Sustainable Development, presented to
the Jury of Kyoto Grand Prize on March 20,2006, the Fourth World Water Forum, Mexico (16-22
March 2006)
4.
Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, LAO145RAPFT2, Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed
Groundwater Systems Project : a case study on capacity building and social learning to manage
risks, paper presented in the Side Event organized by CPWC, ISET and WWI, on march 21 2006,
the Fourth World Water Forum, Mexico (16-22 March 2006)
5.
Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, Combating Poverty and Distress in India, paper
presented at the 128th Session of International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural
Development (ICARRD): New Challenges and Options for Revitalizing Rural Communities, 7-10
March 2006, Brazil (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande de Sul).
6.
Govardhan Das SV., and Somasekhara Rao P. Importance of Hydrological Monitoring in
Watershed Management: Experiences from APFAMGS Project, Paper Presented at Watershed
Summit: Contradictions and Challenges (Chandigarh-India, November 25-27, 2005), organized
by Department Agriculture, Government of Haryana (India), under Integrated Watershed
Development project (World Bank funded). 2004.
7.
Somasekhar Rao P., Govardhan Das S.V., Arjun Kumar I., and Radha krishna P., Monitoring and
Evaluation of Capacity Development programme as part of APFAMGS Project, India, Workshop
Proceedings on Monitoring and Evaluation of Capacity Development Strategies in Agriculture
Water Management, 14 September, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, IPTRID Secretariat, FAO, Rome,
2007.
8.
Govardhan Das S.V., Paul Raja Rao V., and Somasekhara Rao P. Andhra Pradesh Farmer
managed Groundwater Systems Project – Project Document, Bharathi Integrated Rural
Development Society (BIRDS), the Nodal NGO of the project. 2003
Audios: Jalachakram
Videos: Nine Video films on Project Activites
Posters: Rural Information Kiosk
Terminal Report
73
Brochures:
1.
Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM)
Feb, 2009
2.
Linkages with Government
Feb, 2009
3.
FWS (FWS)
Feb, 2009
4.
Empowerment of Farmers knowledge through Information Kiosk
Rural Decision Support System
Feb, 2009
5. Success in Managing Groundwater Distress
Feb, 2009
6. People's Institution Managing Groundwater Distress
Feb, 2009
7. Initiative in Managing Groundwater Distress
Feb, 2009
8.
Demand Side Management of Groundwater
Sept, 2009
9.
Botanical Pesticide (pamphlet)
May, 2007
10. Soil sampling (pamphlet)
May, 2007
11. IWM (pamphlet)
May, 2007
12. Soil Reclamation (pamphlet)
May, 2007
13. Organic Farming - 1 (pamphlet)
May, 2007
14. Organic Farming (pamphlet)
May, 2007
15. Mulching (pamphlet)
May, 2007
16. Water requirement & sensitive stages (pamphlet)
May, 2007
17. Storage of Food Grains (pamphlet)
May, 2007
18. Vermi Compost (pamphlet)
May, 2007
19. Integrated Water Management - 2 (pamphlet)
May, 2007
20. News room FAO web site (Telugu)
Aug, 2006
21. News room FAO web site (English)
May, 2006
22. APFAMGS Brochure (German)
Mar, 2006
23. Project Brochure – 2005
2005
24. Project Brochure (Telugu) – 2003
2004
25. Project Brochure (English) – 2003
2004
74 Terminal Report