Name
Date
Nuclear Changes
Part A. Vocabulary Review
Directions: Complete the following
sentences using the terms listed below,
Geiger counter
cloud chamber
nuclear fusion
transmutation
tracer
critical mass
bubble chamber
radioactivity
half-life
nuclear fission
alpha particle
strong force
chain reaction
beta particle
gamma ray
l.
A device that uses a superheated liquid to detect radioactive particles
is a(n)
2. A positively charged nuclear particle that has two protons and two
neutrons is a(n)
3. A form of nuclear radiation that travels
as waves is
a(n)
4. The process by which one element changes to another element
through nuclear decay is
5. A type of nuclear reaction in which nuclei with low masses are
united to form a nucleus with a larger mass is
6. Protons and neutrons are attracted to each other because of
the _.
7. Beta and alpha particles can be tracked in a(n)
is filled with water vapor or ethanol vapor.
a device that
-,
8. The time it takes for one-half a sample of a radioisotope
to decay is
its
9. The process of nuclear decay is called
10. An electron emitted from a nucleus at high speed is called a(n)
11. An ongoing series of fission reactions is a(n)
-.
12. The process of splitting an atom into two nuclei with smaller masses
is
13. Any radioisotope that is used to detect changes in bodily functions
is a(n)
14. A device that indicates the presence of radiation by clicking sounds
or flashes of light is a(n)
15. The amount of fissionable material required so that each fission
reaction produces approximately one more fission reaction is
a(n)
-.
Nuclear Changes
39
l{ame
(lass
Date
Part B. Concept Review
Directions:
l.
Circle the term in porentheses that makes each statement clrrect.
The discovery that uranium is a radioactive element was made by (Henri Becquerel /
Marie Curie).
2. Marie and Pierre Curie discovered the elements radium and (polonium / technetium).
3.
Because of the strong force protons are (attracted to
4. A form of radiation that travels
5. Energy in the Sun
as waves is a (beta
/ repelled by) protons.
particle
I
is produced as a result of nuclear (fission
gamma ruy).
/ fusion).
6. The type of nuclear reaction that produces a nucleus with a large
masses is (fission / fusion).
7. Th,e constant
mass
rate at which a radioactive element decays is its (half-life
from nuclei of lower
/ chemical change).
8. The (mass number / atomic number) is the numbers of protons in a nucleus.
9. Radiation can be used to stop (some all) types of cancerous cells from growing.
{
f
0. To determine how much radiation is present in an area, a Geiger counter is (more /
less)
useful than a bubble chamber.
11. The use of carbon-l4 to determine the age of fossils is called (uranium decay / radioactive
dating).
12. When subatomic particles released from one fission reaction continue to produce other fission
reactions, it is called a (fusion / chain) reaction.
L
qi
=q
a
.9
c
13. A beta
particle travels more (quickly / slowly) than an alpha particle.
14. The radioisotope (Co-60 / Au-189) is sometimes used as a source of external ionizing
radiation in the treatment of cancer.
o
o.
E
o
()
r
*
(u
(J
()
15.
In nuclear fusion (hydrogen / oxygen) atoms are used to produce helium atoms with larger masses.
o
16.
An isotope of the element (carbon / iodine) is used to detect thyroid problems.
.9
o
17. (Radioactive / Stable) tracers are useful in determining medical problems.
18. Elements with an atomic number greater than (84 I 93) are synthetic.
c
a
E
$
I=
I
3
o
L
(9
c)
19. Radioactivity is the process of (nuclear attraction / nuclear decay).
20. When the charged leaves of an electroscope gradually come together, they have (lost / gained)
their charge because of radioactive particles.
q)
o
C)
cq)
CI
o
.go
oo
(')
\__.
40
Nuclear Changes