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2004
Gross domestic product
Per capita gross domestic product
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Annual growth rates b/
5.8
11.2
12.1
5.5
11.0
12.0
7.3
7.2
4.1
4.1
1.5
1.5
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.0
Gross domestic product, by sector
Agriculture, livestock, hunting, forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water
Construction
Wholesale and retail commerce,
restaurants and hotels
Transport, storage and communications
Financial institutions, insurance, real
estate and business services
Community, social and personal services
Gross domestic product, by type of expenditure
Final consumption expenditure
Government consumption
Private consumption
Gross capital formation
Exports (goods and services)
Imports (goods and services)
Investment and saving c/
Gross capital formation
National saving
External saving
Balance of payments
Current account balance
Goods balance
Exports, f.o.b.
Imports, f.o.b.
Services trade balance
Income balance
Net current transfers
Other external-sector indicators
Real effective exchange rate (index: 2005=100) d/
Terms of trade for goods
(index: 2005=100)
Net resource transfer (millions of dollars)
Gross external public debt (millions of dollars)e/
2005
2012 a/
0.2
-11.8
3.0
-2.5
10.0
-11.6
0.3
1.3
-1.6
18.9
-6.0
6.5
4.7
3.4
37.7
18.0
4.0
9.6
7.9
-8.6
0.6
3.2
5.2
0.6
2.4
-0.2
-3.3
0.9
0.8
0.6
-6.0
7.4
1.1
-1.7
-7.5
4.4
1.4
3.9
2.7
-7.3
-1.1
2.0
2.3
4.0
18.0
0.8
4.5
4.7
8.2
22.7
9.1
0.6
6.4
-0.8
6.6
2.2
2.5
3.1
2.6
6.3
3.6
4.9
2.8
4.9
14.3
1.0
30.2
2.8
8.0
8.1
14.6
3.5
7.5
0.9
3.2
3.4
4.9
2.4
0.6
3.7
0.4
3.7
8.6
1.5
13.5
19.0
13.0
3.6
10.4
0.4
33.0
47.5
25.8
15.0
7.9
18.7
26.0
1.3
20.4
4.4
10.5
1.5
2.4
13.8
-1.1
-0.3
2.6
-1.8
21.9
11.6
7.4
1.2
1.7
0.9
-19.0
3.1
-14.9
5.9
2.2
7.9
-0.7
13.8
35.7
0.5
-1.2
1.4
7.1
3.9
-1.9
…
…
…
…
…
…
Percentajes of GDP
8.8
10.8
9.1
11.1
-0.3
-0.3
11.7
11.3
0.4
10.2
11.0
-0.8
14.8
…
…
10.9
…
…
10.6
…
…
8.3
…
…
…
…
…
Millions of dollars
116
140
-2 918 -5 235
2 180
2 369
5 098
7 604
2 710
6 375
-650
-633
974
-367
-215
-6 331
3 167
9 498
6 456
-618
278
488
-6 253
3 830
10 083
7 900
-960
-199
…
…
...
...
...
…
…
…
…
...
...
...
…
…
…
…
...
...
...
…
…
…
…
...
...
...
…
…
…
…
...
...
...
…
…
101.4
100.0
101.1
104.9
120.1
113.5
112.6
121.1
119.6
102.7
150
5 806
100.0
-633
5 898
126.3
-618
7 794
132.9
-960
8 908
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
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7DEOHFRQFOXGHG
2004
2005
Employment
Labour force participation rate f/
Open unemployment rate f/
Average annual rates
71.0
72.1
1.9
1.9
Prices
Variation in consumer prices
(December-December) g/
Nominal exchange rate
(cuban convertible pesos per dollar)
Implicit nominal exchange rate
(cuban pesos per dollar)
Variation in average real wage
Annual percentages
Central government
Total revenue
Tax revenue
Current expenditure
Interest
Capital expenditure
Primary balance
Overall balance
Money and credit
Monetary base
M2
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 a/
72.1
1.9
73.7
1.8
74.7
1.6
75.4
1.7
74.9
2.5
76.1
3.2
…
3.8
2.9
3.7
5.7
10.6
-0.1
-0.1
1.5
1.3
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
...
26.0
6.3
26.0
13.0
24.0
11.6
24.0
-1.5
24.0
0.1
24.0
4.6
24.0
3.0
24.0
0.2
...
0.3
Percentajes of GDP
33.8
44.0
23.3
28.7
37.6
48.6
30.2
38.9
0.7
1.2
6.0
7.2
-3.0
-3.3
-3.7
-4.6
43.2
30.0
46.4
33.6
1.2
9.1
-2.0
-3.2
46.0
27.7
49.2
38.3
1.4
8.3
-1.8
-3.2
49.1
23.3
56.0
45.1
1.4
8.1
-5.5
-6.9
49.1
21.4
53.9
43.0
1.1
8.2
-3.8
-4.9
45.4
17.8
49.0
40.0
1.3
6.1
-2.2
-3.6
46.7
24.0
48.4
40.2
...
5.7
...
-1.7
39.0
...
43.2
34.5
...
5.8
...
-3.8
Percentages of GDP, end-of-year stocks
31.6
31.6
26.0
24.6
38.0
45.9
38.1
36.8
31.1
41.5
24.5
41.3
23.0
40.6
...
…
...
…
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