4 ‫סימולציה‬
This section contains 27 questions.
The time allotted is 25 minutes.
The following section contains three types of questions: Sentence Completion, Restatement
and Reading Comprehension. Each question is followed by four possible responses. Choose
the response which best answers the question and mark its number in the appropriate place
on the answer sheet.
Sentence Completions (Questions 1-11)
This part consists of sentences with a word or words missing in each. For each sentence,
choose the answer which best completes the sentence.
1. Earth is conventionally divided into seven distinct ________, of which Australia is the smallest.
(1) buildings
(2) continents
(3) seeds
(4) halls
2. The Imperial French Army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated during the
________ of Waterloo.
(1) Battle
(2) Horizon
(3) Assumption
(4) Vehicle
3. Shapes and ________ of leaves vary considerably between different species of plants.
(1) facilities
(2) scholars
(3) structures
(4) creatures
4. It is estimated that no ________ than 1.7 billion people around the world live in extreme poverty.
(1) match
(2) longer
(3) less
(4) one
5. While the plot of “Avatar” can be debated, almost everyone would agree that the movie is visually
________.
(1) inconsiderate
(2) spectacular
(3) rectangular
(4) appropriate
6. The Israeli Air Force consisted ________ of male pilots until 1995 when a Supreme Court ruling
changed this reality.
(1) financially
(2) accordingly
(3) needlessly
(4) exclusively
7. Not only do dogs’ brains contain up to 300 million smell-sensitive receptors, their wet nose also
________ them to determine the direction of the air current bearing the smell.
(1) enables
(2) fascinates
(3) demands
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(4) anticipates
8. During the 1990’s, an increasing number of students and workers in Zimbabwe demonstrated to
________ their discontent with the government.
(1) endanger
(2) discard
(3) express
(4) alleviate
9. Although in the past it was ________ a suburb of adjacent La Paz, the city of El Alto is now one of
Bolivia’s fastest growing urban centers.
(1) recently
(2) merely
(3) eventually
(4) almost
10. Only when a hypothesis is ________ through observation and experimentation does it become a
scientific theory.
(1) concealed
(2) verified
(3) abbreviated
(4) fastened
11. One of the ________ principles of Ayurvedic medicine is to maintain a balance between vata (air
and space), pitta (fire and water) and kapha (water and earth).
(1) glistening
(2) breeding
(3) scoffing
(4) governing
Restatements (Questions 12-17)
This part consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the
main idea of that sentence in different words. For each question, choose the one restatement
which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.
12. The Fields Medal is the most prestigious award given in the field of mathematics.
(1)
Out of all the awards given in the field of mathematics, none has more prestige than the Fields
Medal.
(2) The award most often given in the field of mathematics is the Fields Medal.
(3) Mathematics is the most prestigious field in which the Fields Medal is granted.
(4) No mathematician has ever been awarded a Fields Medal, an extremely prestigious award.
13. The extinction of 784 species had been recorded worldwide between the years 1500 and 2004.
(1) 1500 to 2004 species have become extinct throughout the world over the past few centuries.
(2) Over the past 784 years, 1500 species have become extinct worldwide.
(3) It is estimated that more than 784 species have ceased to exist in the world since the year
1500.
(4) Since the year 1500 and up until the year 2004, the extinction of 784 species was documented.
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14. Since it is not a rare occurrence, drivers are expected to be able to replace a punctured tire in their
car.
(1) A puncture in the car tire is quite a rare incidence; therefore it is expected that drivers should
know how to repair this hindrance.
(2) Although drivers are supposed to know how to replace a punctured tire, it is nevertheless
something that happens relatively often.
(3) Replacing a flat tire is something drivers are expected to be able to do, due to the fact that it is
a quite common incidence.
(4) Many drivers fail to replace a punctured tire in their car, because it is an occurrence that is
very rare.
15. Gregor Mendel’s discoveries in the field of inheritance, considered revolutionary for his time, laid
the foundation for the modern science of genetics.
(1) Grogor Mendel considered his innovations in the field of inheritance to be revolutionary for
his time.
(2) The modern science of genetics is founded on the undoubtedly revolutionary discoveries of
Gregor Mendel.
(3) Mendel’s discoveries in the field of inheritance laid the foundations for the science of
genetics.
(4) The modern science of genetics formed the basis for the revolutionary discoveries in the field
of inheritance made by Gregor Mendel.
16. As a possible consequence of the effect of cataracts on his vision, some of Claude Monet’s
paintings are characterized by a general reddish hue.
(1) A reddish hue is known to characterize all of Claude Monet’s paintings, possibly resulting
from the effect of cataracts on his vision.
(2) Claude Monet’s eyesight was affected by cataracts, the result of which may have been the
general reddish hue by which several of his paintings are characterized.
(3) Some paintings by Claude Monet have a general reddish hue, produced by the cataract which
affected his eyesight.
(4) The general reddish hue which characterizes paintings by Claude Monet has resulted in his
vision being impaired by cataracts.
17. Despite being tediously discussed by Western media, it remains utterly unknown how the recent
upsurges in several Middle Eastern tyrannies will affect the region socially.
(1) The social effect of the upsurges in Middle Eastern dictatorships on the region is somewhat
difficult to predict, notwithstanding the fact that the issue was discussed by Western media.
(2) The media in the West has debated the recent revolts in the Middle East; nevertheless, it is still
absolutely impossible to know what impact these upsurges might have on the region.
(3) The social effect that recent discussions by Western media had on the upsurges in Middle
Eastern tyrannies remains unknown.
(4) The upsurges which recently occurred in several Middle Eastern dictatorships will certainly
affect the region socially, but to what extent is utterly unknown; primarily because Western
media has not discussed this phenomenon sufficiently.
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Reading Comprehension
This part consists of two passages, each followed by several related questions. For each
question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.
Text I (Questions 18-22)
(1)
The small island of Mauritius, situated approximately 2,000 km off the southeast coast of
Africa, is seldom talked about. However, zoology enthusiasts may recognize it as the sole
habitat of a certain large and flightless bird, the dodo. The island was its home right up to the
bird's extinction some 330 years ago.
(5)
(10)
Not much can be said about the dodo’s habits and behaviour. In fact, even its external
features are a matter of debate, as those are only known from several 17th century drawings and
written accounts, the reliability of which is questionable. However, it is generally agreed that the
bird stood at approximately one meter tall, weighed between 10 to 20 kg, and had small wings
and a 23 centimeter bill with a hooked point. Moreover, its legs were apparently stout and
yellowish, its plumage gray and brown, and its head gray and naked.
(15)
Dutch sailors were the first Europeans to report this odd-looking bird, the first of such
reports dating back to 1598. As can be expected from hungry seamen, a large part of these
reports was dedicated to the dodo’s value as a dish. Based on these accounts, it would appear
that the stomach and breast of the dodo were quite tasty and tender, while the rest of its flesh
was hard and unappealing.
(20)
As with many animals that have evolved in isolation from significant predators, the dodo
was entirely fearless of people, and this, in combination with its flightlessness, made it easy prey
for humans. By 1681, merely 83 years after its first sighting, not one bird remained. Today, all
that remains of this unique creature are some drawings, journal entries, and a few dried up old
bones on display in museums.
Questions
18. A good title for the passage could be –
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
The External Features of the dodo
A Large and Flightless Bird from Mauritius
The dodo – an Introduction
Why Did the dodo Become Extinct?
19. Why would zoology enthusiasts (line 2) recognize the island of Mauritius?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Because it is situated only 2,000 km off the Southeast coast of Africa
Because of an event that occurred there 330 years ago
Because zoology enthusiasts tend to know a lot about animals
Because it is the only place where dodos used to exist
20. The main concern of the 2nd paragraph is –
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
the dodo’s physical appearance
the dodo’s habits and behavior
the reliability of 17th century drawings and written accounts
the value of the dodo as a dish
21. It can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph that hungry sailors –
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
were quite fond of eating the dodo’s stomach and breast
are likely to be interested in how animals taste
were the first Europeans to report the existence of the dodo
eventually hunted all the dodos in Mauritius
22. In the last paragraph, the flightlessness of the dodo is mentioned as an explanation for –
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
its isolation from large predators
its fearlessness from humans
it being displayed in museums
its eventual extinction
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Text II (Questions 23-27)
(1)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system
caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The illness interferes with the immune
system, making people with AIDS much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic
infections, namely infections that do not affect people with intact immune systems. This
susceptibility gets worse as the disease continues.
(5)
HIV is transmitted in many ways, such as: sexual intercourse, contaminated blood
transfusions and needles and exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth,
and breastfeeding. There are many misconceptions about HIV and AIDS. One of them is that
AIDS can spread through casual contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, or kissing.
(10)
Although treatments for AIDS can slow the course of the disease, there is no known cure or
HIV vaccine. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both death and new infections from HIV, but
these drugs are expensive and the medications are not available in all countries. Due to the
difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling AIDS, with
health organizations promoting safe sex in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.
(15)
Sub-Saharan Africa is by far the worst affected region worldwide. It contains an estimated
68% of people suffering from AIDS. In 2007, the number of HIV carriers in that region reached
22.5 million, with 11.4 million AIDS orphans living in the region. Unlike other regions, most
people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 (61%) were women. AIDS continued to
be the single largest cause of mortality in this region.
(20)
In the last decade, the scientific and medical communities have witnessed great
achievements with regard to treating AIDS. Nonetheless, much effort needs to be done in order
to control the spread of the disease in developing countries.
Questions
23. What is the meaning of the phrase "opportunistic infections" (line 3-4)?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Infections that are more lethal than others
Infections that tend to get worse as the disease progresses
Infections that do not usually infect healthy individuals
Infections that are resistant to antibiotics
24. In what way can one be infected with HIV according to the 2nd paragraph?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Shaking hands, hugging, kissing
Transmission of the virus in breast milk
Transmission through casual contact
Only through sexual intercourse
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25. Why do health organizations promote safe sex?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Because there is no known treatment for AIDS
In order to make a profit from selling contraceptives
To decrease the number of unwanted pregnancies
Because treatment for AIDS is expensive and not widely available
26. It can be understood from the 4th paragraph that (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
AIDS is typically more common amongst men
approximately 68% of the world’s AIDS patients reside in Sub-Saharan Africa
most deaths in the Sub-Sahara region are the result of AIDS
the number of AIDS related fatalities in Africa is slowly decreasing
27. What is the main subject of the text?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
AIDS – A short review
AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa – a global problem
Transmission of AIDS and methods of treating it
Explaining the difference between HIV and AIDS
‫סוף‬
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