,AFICHIVES
FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA
Translation Series No. 1940
Mercury and methylmercury levels in some animal products
August 1967 - October 1969
by Gunnel Westoo
Original title: Kvicksilver- och metylkvicksilverhalter i
nagra animals livsmedel augusti 1967 - oktober 1969.
From:
Var foda (Our Food), 7: 139-143, 1969
Translated by the Translation Bureau( HEB)
Foreign Languages Division
Department of the Secretary of State of Canada
Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Pacific Environment Institute
West Vancouver, B. C.
1971
23
pages typescript
r
/— /\../J /
V.
DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
TRANSLATION BUREAU
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
DIVISION
TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE
SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS
DIVISION DES LANGUES
ÉTRANGÈRES
CANADA
INTO
EN
Swedish
English
AUTHOR - AUTEUR
Gunnel West66
TITLE IN EN GLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS
Kvicksilver- och metylkvicksilverhalter i nkra animala livsmedel
augusti 1967 - oktober 1969
Title in foreign language. (transliterate foreign characters)
Mercury and Methylmercury Levels in Some Animal Products
August 1967 - October 1969
l'IF5RENCE IN FOREIGN 1ANGUnE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE F6REIGN CHARACTERS.
REFERENCE EN LANGUE ETRANGERE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET. TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES PHONÉTIQUES.
"Vàr Feida"
1969:7
REFERENCE IN.ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS
"Our Food"
Issue 7, 1969
PUBLISH ER - EDITEUR
Swedish Federal Institute
of Public Health
DATE OF PUBLICATION
DATE DE PUBLICATION
YEAR
ANNÉE
PLACE OF PUBLICATION
LIEU DE PUBLICATION
Stockholm, Sweden
REQUE.STING DEPA RTMENT
VOLUME
1969
Environment
MIN ISTERECLIENT
PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL
NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS
L'ORIGINAL
139-143
ISSUE NO.
NUMÉRO
NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES
NOMBRE DE PAGES
DACTY LOG R APH IÉ ES
7
23 in cl . graphs
TRANSLATION BUREAU . NO.
NOTRE DOSSIER N 0
Pacific Environment Institute
TRANSLATOR (INITIALS)
TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES)
BRANCH OR DIVISION
DIRECTION OU DIVISION
PERSON pEQUESTING
DEMANDE PAR
Dr. J .A .J.. Thompson
YOUR NUMBER
VOTRE DOSSIER NC)
DAT E OF R EQUEST
DATE. DE LA DEMANDE
• 505.200-10.6 (NEV. 2/68i
Oct. 14, 1971
DATE SOMPLETED
ACHEVE LE
0958
H..E...B.
_
1C71
J
'DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
•
SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
TRANSLATION BUREAU
BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS
FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION
DIVISION DES LANGUES ÉTRANGÈRES
CANADA
CLIENTS NO.
DEPARTMENT
DIVISION/BRANCH
N° DU CLIENT
MINISTERE
DIVISION/DIRECTION
Environment
BUREAU NO.
LANGUAGE
TRANSLATOR (INITIALS)
LANGUE
TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES)
• Swedish
Vancouver, B.
Pacific Environment,
Institute
N° DU BUREAU
0958
CITY
VILLE
•
DATE
H.E.B.
MERCURY AND METHYLMERCURY LEVELS IN SOME ANIMAL PRODUCTS •
AUGUST 1967 - OCTOBER 1969
Summary
In 1967 a decrease of the mercury level in Swedish
eggs from an average of 0.03 mg/kg in the spring of 1966 to
an average of 0.01 mg/kg in the spring of 1967 was reported.
In the present ihirestigation, products of pig, ox and reindeer
have been analyzed.
In pig and ox (meat and liver), the
mercury contents have diminished to 1/3
-
1/6 of earlier
contents •in Sweden. In Swedish pork and pig's liver, however,
the mercury levels have not decreased to the Danish levels.
In reindeer no lowering of the mercury level was observed.
Nine eggs from merganser, Mergus merganser, collected
in han showed a high mercury content (in average about
1.7 mg of Hg/kg).
The mercury in pork is present mainly as methylmercury
compounds, whereas in pig's liver and especially in pig's
kidney the methylmercury percentage is smaller.
In beef,
ox liver, and calf's kidney the mercury levels are so low
that accurate methylmercury percentages are difficult to
SOS-200-10-31
'
obtain.
In reindeer liver the content 'of total mercury is
much higher than in ox liver (> 0.05 mg/kg), but the methylmercury constitutes less than 10% of the total mercury.
The
mercury level is low in reindeer meat (about 0.01 mg/kg),
but the proportion of methylmercury is almost as high as in
.1
pork.
For the analysis of methylmercury in meat with the
very low mercury levels reported here (< 0.02 mg/kg), the
procedure with addition of mercuric chloride at the first
extraction followed by purification with cystein should be
used.
Sampling and Methods of Analysis
Swedish samples of cattle, pigs, and reindeer,
acquired for the purpose of determining mercury content,
were purchased in Stockholm stores, obtained from reindeer
abattoirs by officials of the Public Health Institute, or
purchased for the Institute from local abattoirs by various
health protection agencies. (Twenty-odd samples were
obtained by the Meat Products Research Institute.) In the
case of reindeer meat samples, some of the actual locations
of slaughtering are known (shown in slanted print in Table 9)
and the animals originated in the area served by these
particular slaughterhouses. However, in the case of reindeer
meat purchased in Swedish stores, it should be appreciated
that the meat need not have originated from Swedish animais
but may have been imported (e.g. from Finland).
Swedish
samples of chicken eggs were purchased in Stockholm stores.
3
The Merganser eggs from Land were obtained from a private
individual.
All Danish samples were purchased in Copenhagen.
The determinations of total mercury content were
conducted by activization analysis (1,2,3) at the IsotopeTechnical Laboratory in Stockholm. The methylmercury content
in some cases was determined at the Public Health Institute
in accordance with a methodology presented in Acta. Chem.
Scand. 1968(4).
In addition, the methodology of adding
mercury chloride at the initial extraction, followed by purification through shaking with a cystein solution, was used
for brain, kidney and, in most cases, even for meat.
The
cystein purification methodology yields lower results than
the mercury chloride method in the case of meat with as low a
methylmercury content as that found here (< 0.02 mg/kg);
however, at higher content levels the two methods are equiva,
lent.
Results and Discussion
The mercury and methylmercùry content found in pigs,
cattle and chicken eggs (both Swedish and Danish products),
in reindeer (Swedish and possibly Finnish products), and in
Merganser eggs, during the period August 1967 to October 1969
is presented in Tables 1 through 12. Earlier test results
of pigs, cattle and reindeer were published in "Our Food"
1966(5) and for chicken eggs in "Our Food" 1965, 1966 and
1967(6,7,8).
Table 13 and Figure 1 compare the results of Tables
1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9, 10, 11 with earlier revised data (5-8)
4
for animal products from Sweden and Denmark and, with respect
to chicken eggs, with results from other countries. It is
apparent that the mercury content in Swedish meat- and liverproducts from pigs and cattle, but excluding reindeer, has
diminished to the extent that the averages for 1967-1969 were
only 1/3 to 1/6 of the values obtained in the period 1965 to
the spring of 1966.
These data, like the earlier publication made on
results for chicken eggs (8), should be considered as a result
of the changes established in this country with regard to
seeding of pastures and a greatly reduced pasturing frequency
and also because of the replacement of methylmercury compounds
with metoxyethylmercury combinations. It should be recalled,
however, that these products, except for pork liver, had very
low average mercury content already in 1964-65 (pork liver:
0.06 mg/kg; others: < 0.03 mg/kg).
Our large mercury ,
problems, in lake and coastal fish where methylmercury contents are often greater by a power of ten than that found, in
meat products (up to 10 mg/kg in pike), unfortunately are.
still with us.
However, a clear reduction of mercury levels
in fish from some badly mercury-polluted lakes has been
determined (9).
A larger number of tests of Danish products are now
being analyzed (5,6).
As a result, a more accurate picture
of mercury content in Danish foods is available. These data
show that Danish chicken eggs, for instance, (Table 11) in
some cases, contain far too much mercury. Increased mercury
content in Danish eggs has been shown earlier by Dalgaard-
5
Mikkelsen (10).
In one case, egg sample No. 9, Table 11, a
mercury content of 0.070 mg/kg was established. Kivimâe,
Swensson, Ulfvarson and West86 (11) have shown that by feeding chickens methylmercury-rich feed, all mercury in the
eggs are found as methylmercury. The total mercury content
in the egg white is, in this case, much greater than that of
the egg yolk. By experimental feeding with feed containing
salts of metoxyethylmercury, phenylmercury, and non-organic
mercury, it was found that the methylmercury content in the
yolk was very low, and, as opposed to the previous case, the
content in the yolk was considerably greater than that of the
egg white (11).
The proportionality between mercury content of the
egg white and yolk in sample No. 9, Table 11 (3.8:1), indicates that feeding with methylmercury-rich feed has occurred.
However, in sample No. 3, Table 11, the large total mercury
content of the yolk compared to that of the egg white
indicates that in this case feeding has occurred on a
pasture treated with metoxyethylmercury or phenylmercury.
The low methylmercury content of the yolk in sample No. 3
and even in sample No. 1 (5 and 0%. respectively of the total
mercury content) shows in each case that the methylmercury
content of the feed was low.
An increased content - 0.08 mg/kg - also has been
found in samples of Swedish chicken eggs.
This sample was
not obtained from a public store, but was requisitioned by
the Institute because the chickens in question were being
fed fish from waters around Vaxholm (mercury content often
above 1 mg/kg fish flesh).
In this sample the relationship
between mercury content of the white and yolk was high
(approx. 9:1) and all mercury occurred as a methylmercury
combination. With the exception of these two samples, with
0.07 and 0.08 mg Hg/kg respectively, both Swedish and Danish
eggs, on the average, had a very low mercury content, approximately 0.01 mg/kg.
It is interesting that the 9 Merganser eggs, obtained
from Land where these eggs are popular eating, contained on
the average approximately 1.7 mg Hg/kg (Table 12).
Merganser eats mainly fish.
The
Compared to fish from the
coastline outside Stockholm, the fish at hand have a rela0
tively low mercury content (0.2 to 0.6 mg per kg for an Aland
1 kg pike, as shown by Sjalom et. al (12), compared to an
average in excess of 1.0 mg/kg for black-listed areas of the
Stockholm coastline). It would be reasonable to suspect,
therefore, that Merganser eggs from the coastline outside
Stockholm would show even higher content.
The egg white of
the Merganser eggs even contained methylmercury.
The yolk .
contained, in addition to methylmercury combinations,
mercury salts in other combinations, probably inorganic
mercury salts.
The distribution of mercury between the white
and the yolk, both in total amounts and in methylmercury
content, was strongly concentrated in the white (approximately
8:1 to 14:1).
•
Swedish products from cattle, for the samples obtained
1967-1968, were found to have a somewhat lower mercury content than the corresponding Danish products; 0.002 as opposed
to 0.005 mg/kg for Swedish compared to Danish filets of beef;
0.005 as opposed to 0.008 mg/kg for beef liver (Tables 4 and
6).
However, Swedish pork (0.008 mg/kg) and Swedish pork
liver (0.021 mg/kg) were still higher than the corresponding
Danish products (0.003 and 0.009 mg/kg respectively)
(Tables
. 1 and 3) in spite of the reduction to acceptable levels for
Swedish pork liver (approximately 0.06 mg/kg in 1965 as
opposed to 0.02 mg/kg in 1968). A likely reason for the
higher mercury content found in these Swedish products is
that Swedish pigs are fed more fish meal than is the case in
Denmark. According to information issued by the Danish Federal
Feed Control, fish meal is not given to pigs being fed for
slaughter (pigs from 20-90 kg), but is given only to baby
pigs and sows.
In this same regard, a check was made of pasture
preparations.
In 1968, the alkylmercury content in six
previously unopened containers of alkoxyethylmercury pasture
preparations was determined. Small amounts of alkylmercury
were found in all samples, however, in no instance was the
amount more than 3% of the total mercury content.
• Such
minute amounts of alkylmercury in these preparations can not
have caused significant contributions to the mercury content
in pork production, unless pasture feed was used extensively,
which would have occurred only under unusual circumstances.
However, a sample from one container which had been opened
some unknown period prior to the test showed a methylmercury
content of 10% of the total mercury content.
These tests
have included too few samples to arrive at firm conclusions.
8
However, the fact that Swedish chicken eggs maintain the same
low mercury levels as eggs from chickens fed on grain from
unprepared seed (13) indicates that the Swedish alkoxyethylmercury seed preparations have contained only small amounts
of methylmercury, at least to the present time.
During 1968, the mercury content of pork kidneys was,
according to revised data, significantly higher than in pork
liver (0.042 mg/kg, Table 2, as opposed to 0.021 mg/kg,
Table 1).
However, the kidney samples were from Kavlinge,
Kristianstad, Skara and Stockholm only, whilst the liver
samples were taken from many places across the country.
These data are therefore not directly comparable.
Several
samples of pork kidneys showed a mercury càntent in excess
of 0.05 mg/kg; however, since the amount of methylmercury in
kidneys is low (approximately 40% of the total), there is no
reason not to use these products for food.
Swedish calf
kidneys (Table 5) and Swedish pork brain (Table 2) had low
mercury contents; on the average, approximately 0.005 mg/kg.
No reduction of mercury content has been found in
reindeer meat and liver since 1965 (5) when samples from
0
0
Ume a and Lulea were tested. This situation was much as
expected, since reindeer herds are not much affected by the
changes to pasture treatment, but are affected primarily by
the mercury found in nature and by the many 'years of mercury
precipitation.
In both cases the meat had a low mercury
content (approximately 0.01 mg/kg, Table 7).
The number of
samples (4) of reindeer liver taken in 1965 was too small to
make a fully valid comparison with data obtained in 1969
9
because of the large variations in levels experienced
(Table 9). The increase of mercury content in liver shown
in Table 13 need not, therefore, give a correct picture of
the situation.
Both reindeer kidneys and liver show a rela-
tively high mercury content (average 0.19 mg/kg for kidneys
from the Târendâ-Pajala area; 0.098 mg/kg for liver from six
purchasing locations).
However, the contents of methylmercury
are very low (< 0.005 mg/kg on the average). For this
reason, both reindeer liver and kidneys are considerably
better from the point of view of nutritional hygiene than,
for instance, fish from Norrland (the same area as the
reindeer), which in turn has a lower mercury content than
fish from most other parts of Sweden.
The particularly high levels of mercury found in 1966
(5) in meat products and even in eggs from the SôderkâpingNykâping area were not found again in 1968.
It seems apparent
that the former cases were not caused by "natural" mercury.
Table 14 shows the distribution of Swedish and Danish
food samples with regard to mercury levels.
Data from
older sources also are included for Danish products (5,6)
and Swedish eggs (8).
The methylmercury contents found in some animal
products 1966-69 have been summarized in Table 15. In pork
and reindeer meat, most of the mercury occurs as methylmercury.
This is particularly apparent from samples of
pork chops (mean 97%)
and reindeer roast (mean 86%). With
regard to the very low mercury content values found in filet
of beef during 1967-68, there are very few certain percentage
10
•
values available to substantiate these values.'
Earlier tests have shown that practically all mercury
found in the flesh of fish occurs as methylmercury (9,14,15,16);
for pike and perch, for instance, the mean was 99% (9).
The methylmercury portion in pork liver is medium- "
high; in beef liver and pork kidney it is low (pork liver:
45-86% with a mean of 65%, beef liver: 9-37% with a mean of
41%). The low mercury levels found in calf kidneys make it
very difficult to determine accurately the methylmercury percentage.
On the average, only 5% of the mercury which has
been extracted from reindeer liver have been methylmercury,
and only 1% in reindeer kidneys.
According to earlier investigations (8), almost all
mercury found in the white of chicken eggs occur as methylmercury, however, the methylmercury percentage found in egg
yolks may be lower since inorganic mercury can be stored in
the yolk (11).
In this connection, refer also to Merganser
eggs.
The exceptionally low percentages of methylmercury
found in reindeer liver (a "de-poisoning" organ)
and in
reindeer kidneys (a "filtration" organ) are quite reasonable
when it is considered that most of
• the mercury found in the
reindeer feeding areas would occur primarily in inorganic form.
Berlin and Ulberg showed in 1963 by the use of autoradiography that inorganic mercury given intraveneously to mice
was stored in the liver and kidneys (17).
The low percentages
found are not believed connected with any problem of extracting the methylmercury since in the case of both pork liver
11
and pork kidneys, where the total mercury content is much
lower than in reindeer organs, as much as 70-80% of the
total mercury content has been established as methylmercury
(Tables 1 and 2).* A further support for the correctness
of the methylmercury found in reindeer organs is given by
the fact that the very low levels found (0.04 mg/kg) are
established with 100% repeatability by repeated analysis of
reindeer liver and kidneys.
*The fact that a considerable amount of the mercury filtered through the kidneys is in the form of inorganic mercury
(even when animais have been given pure methylmercury preparates and it should be expected that there would be a considerable reduction of inorganic mercury) is illustrated by
the following case:
After- feeding rats for eight weeks with a methylmercury
preparate (wherein no inorganic mercury could be found by
"thin layer chromatographic" methodology - sensivitity approximately 0.002%), urine' tests were made. The urine was
brought to a pH-1 by the addition of hydrochloric acid and
extracted first by the use of benzene and• thereafter by a
solution of ditizone in benzene. The ditizone extract was
concentrated and chromatographed on a thin layer of aluminumoxide (18). The chromatogramme showed clearly the presence
of inorganic mercury. A quantitative analysis of the spots
showed that 1/4-1/2 of the total amount of the mercury in
the urine was present as inorganic mercury salt.
The urine from rats on the same food but without the
addition of methylmercury preparates contained no inorganic
mercury detectable through the methodology just described.
/
LB terni tir ; .
I.. 13. 810st-rand, Anal. •Cliern. 36 (1964)
•814.
W
estetinark •och B Sitistrand. latent.
J. Appl, Radiadôrr.isotopes 9 (1960) 1.
..
Christell, L G ErwalL.K Littnitgren;
B Sjdstrand och T NVe'srertnark, Proc.
1ntern. - • Cool; hlod. Trends in
Activation Anal., Collekte Station,
. Texas, 1965, 380. •.•
., .. .
4. G Westiiii, Acta atm; Scand. - 22
(196g) 2277: -
‘15, C, Wesi, Varlikla 18 (1966) .88.
6. •G Westiiii, 13 Sjiistrand och T Wester- • mark. Var Rida 17 (1965) or
• 7. .r1Weti5i. Viir Rida 18 (1966) 85.
•
8. G We.stlit.i. Var fada - 19 11967) 121.
G West-titi och M Ryd'élv. Var fi.klit 21
1,1969)
10. S Da1earil-IVIikkelsetÉ.Nord.1 -lyk. Tidskr, 50 (1969 ) 2, 34.,
„... ;
.11. A Xiviniiie, A Stvensson,•U . Ulhursort
och G Westii .d. J. •Agr. 1-e.txtd •Cjwin.
17 (1969) 1014.
12. V siabio, 0.ch 17. I-Lisiinen. Nord. Ilyg.
• .Tidslti, 50-' ('1969) 2, 37.
•13.• M Lagervall och G •Westi3a. Var fada •
. 21 (196)9.
14. K Norén och
• .(1967) 13,
Westeki. Var fddà'19
15. -G esta, riCh K Notén. Vaufdda 19
(1967) 135. •
16. G Westi.ki, Acta (itent; Scand.' 21 '11967), 1790.
17. M Berlin oh S Ullherg. Arch. .En,
viron. • 1 lealth 6 (1963) 589.
18. G Westiki, Acta Client Scand., 20
(1966) 2131;
••••■
143
Diagram 1. Évicksilverhalter i svenska och danNka animala produk.ter 1964 ■•71966 och 1967 •-• 69. '.1/cr,,iry A/di
.
196 7 - bc),
, .., .
In Snredish ;Ind
.
/ ) mish
,
-
.
XvicksiIverholt,
mg/kg
0.10
o:oe
aot
Œ07
0.08
0.08
0.04
003
0.02
•
001
•
•
•
•
e
•8
1984 - vdren 1986
r h. a '.
■ .• • t.
1967-89
,
t, av on a e,
•••,.
Vt..:InY
I
O.
Ven!t ■
,
X
, tiZk
,
oannK (1)
, ta'n
)
44
•
0 ,
(2)
•
,
•1 ... , .
VI:IMO
animal Prodllf:s / 96 I 7-1Pried.g' .1966 and
dig)
dr
.
-
. ..1"1.411 1. KylclailverL och metylkvicksilverhalter i iive,ilsk Iliilikkutlett och svlitlever.
..1/to'rtiry and medolmeriory lérde in .1 . wedi ib per &der and pip» liner.
.
.. lnkiipsort
,f
,•
•
• :
Datum
i
)(de
,. . '.
.
l'Iiislz1“ st loi
.
01
.'.,
.
Purl; chop
.1(iivIloge '
1.2.68
•,
,
.
,
.
,
•
.
• :
.
.
'
.
•Kalmar
' Sâ.ve
.1
Sikam
•
0,012 .
- 10.4.68
' .-. • - 0,009
2.4.68
0,013
0,012
2.4.68
0,012
0,002 •
24.4.68
0,014
0,013
1.2,68 • .
bryliiping
0,009
- 0,010
'ôrt,:liro . ;
1.4,68
0,010'
•
0,014
18.4,68
0,009
Nilerl, pine
•'
,
0,002
Stuli,i; h• )1 m •
0,013
14.3.68
0,0 1 0
0„010 "
0,009
•
0,016
,
. •.•
0,006 '
Os tu IS ll tb.I
, 3.448.
0,002
0,003 ,
.
. e(Alcfteà
27.3.68
0,001
' 0,001
0/06 '
22,4 4 8
0,01 :
0,009
Skelkfteil ' ' 29.5.68
Lala
5.4.68
fi 00.,.
NIveklutl . • f ; e ne
. -
.
. •
.
e
.
0,011
0,016
122 .
1 93
.
•
•
0,010
,
•
77
•
.
.
'
.
0,012
0,010
0,008
0,009
0,016
0,005
.
.
±..
•
• au.
- •
`3 av
t, 1-11g.
. mg I leg
•
0,026
0,030
0,021
0,023
0,045
0,015
0,012 •
57
0, 0 09
60
,
.'
„
'
•
.
•
•
.
0,003
0,005
0,005
97
.
_
0,006
•
•.
1U: gli.i
••
.,
0,011'
0,025
0,030
0,034
0,011
0,013
..
.
••
0,024 - 0,015
.. 62
•
1E016
0,010
• 62
• 45„, ,
0,01•1 . .
0,005 .
86, '
0,021 . 0,018
0,022
76
0,02
0,031
0,020
65
.
76
'
0,049'
0,037
•
0,028
0,022 "
, 79
0;017
c
0,033
,
0,015
•
62
0,034
0,021
0,007
'
0,006
81
0,017
0,021
•
. 50
0,034 . - 0,017
. 50
,
0,007
0,014.
69
0,009
0,013
92
100
80 '
100 '
• 100
83
'
-
25.4.68 ,
.
•.
•.
• .,
1,2.68
.
mg/4
totà1-11g
.
.••
.•
Tt ■ tal-1 Ig NIrtyl.-11g
___
'mg I 1g/hi; . "" .av
14:Lg
--
Pi,," I liver
Mety1-11g
Total-11p,
Sviolu Vet'
.
:
f k70.7I I
•
"
65
145
'lr.;.iliell 2. Kvicksilver- twit metyl1wicksilver .hatter 1 tivecisk svinnjure oh svinhjilrmi.
..
_lifnlley and ,v/r.o.eylelleretny fen* let Snrdisb pit!'s kidney and brain. •
4.
.
Inkiips+bo
Plaee. rf
Datum :. Si. imijuric
.. Pig's kidm:y
„Pale
'
'
.• :
•
-•
. i iitat.-1 tg'.. Mety1.4•1g
' mg, kg .
•
■
,.,
Svinlij.irna
pie,' f brain
.
Tor:1111g
nip;. 11g/kg ".„ :IV
.. ,,,
.. tinal-lig
.
mg/kg .
.
•
.
.
:
.
0,010 _ 38
0,020
0,052 '' •
. • ' • • 0. 027 * ' ii,(11.".; ; ' • : 56 . .
0,005
0,007
.
0,0.
1
9
1.2 ;68 ; 0,048
40
Krtstiani'tad
. .0,004
. 0,017 . , 44
. 0,039
0,021 24
0,086
. 01 022 ' • 56
• 0,039
71
0,004
0,010 '
0,0'14 ' .
, 1.2.68
0,003 '
0,018 ' • 0,012
67
.
29 '
0,008
0,028
26,9.68 .
St(elmlin '
•
'•
•
19
0,008
0,042
0,008
•
.
0,023
35 '
21
0,039
0,008
0,105
0,013
12 .
.
72
0,029
0,021
0,022
' 0,006
. 27
0,017
• 20
0,084
0,035
0,014 •
40
26
0,011
0,042
70
'
0,023
0,033 .
0,053
0,015
28
0,013
59
0,02.2
0,014
• 0,005
0,042
41
‘.1e.itqt,i1 ittmee
Nlety14 tg
-------------Dig 1 (g/kg '',..,, as,
tota1-11g
0,0e2
0,002
20
0,001
... 0,001
' .14
25
40
-
'
0,001
0,001 -
25
33
T, M'ell 3; Kvick.11%.•tiekr.a1ter i dngisk iiikikkottelt uch svinluver,
idercay levels
i n /re': pork ;imp ..md 1,4's
rrovcr it31“.‘0.1 i 1,;(qierthati)lI . 10.10.68.
Total-1 I. , mgikg
0,008 . 0,002
0,002
0,002 .-, 0,005
0,008
0,01'0
'ilc<tdcal . ltrra,Ge
146
Si bilvi.er Pi',f /feet
cbnp
Flasklaiticu
0,001
0.012 .
'
' ,
0,0113
;
•
.
,•i,'-' 1
''S
•
-... ..
0,004
0,003
0,019
0,028
0,006
0,004
0,003
0,009
0,009
0,007
0,005
0,010
0,003
0,022
0,005
0,003
0,009
veimk exfilé °ell weaver.
Kvicksilver- oc.1% metylkvicksillverlialter
.4leaney ami inellyibverair. ; .* leak in walls);
fila of
Oxiilé File, nf beef
1)atutry
inkiingort •P4n.t. of purdnae
bed' and
' reale
•
'
Total-11g
. ' nip:Pig
.
. ...
.
(Meyer
ON firer
.
0,(} ) 2 ,,
.0, 001
.
8kart
.'
0,do
.
• 30,8.67 . 21.9.67 ..
-27.10,67
14.3.68
'
,
.
. •
'
.
.
'
.
•
3:4.68 .
.
'
-'0stà**und
0,003
0,002
.
litnea
0,002
0,002
• . 0,003
0,005 ,-
2 11 .5.68 '
. :
0,002
0,002
0,003
0,011
-
'
Mecleltal 4tyragé
,
•
, 25,4.68.
' 0,004
•..0,001
'
0,002
20'
37
33
- 25 ,
20
20
.
0,004 :
0,004
22.4.68 .
!Ada
0,001
0,003 .
0,001
0,001
0,001
0,001
0,003
0,004
0,002
0,001 •
.',':-.. •
-: --;
0,010
0,006
0,005
0,005
0,008 • '
0,003
0.004
0,005
0,005
27.3.68
'8kOle6câ
-
.
•
'
0,003
0,004
8011cft4
.
: ' 11
25
0003
0,002
'
. 0,005
18.4,68
•
- - ' 0,001
t`ii-trk0p-Ing
0,001
0,001
0,003
0,003
0,002
. 0,003
• 1.4,68
Orebro rs
.
933
.
0,001
0,004
• 0,009
0,004
-;
.
5.4.68 • . 0,0020,002
Nyköping
.
,.
.
0,003
0,004
0,002
0,003
24.4.68,
•
•
-,
.
0,011 ,, ,
0,012
0,0112
2.4.68
•
‘,' . , 0,0 0 2
•
O,12: ,
. 2.4.68 '
•
:. ' 0,003
*
mg lIgikg • % av
tcaal-lig
nigikg, .
•
«
Mayl-lig
' Total-I1g;
10.4.68 -', , . o,pol .,;..'
SAvjö
.
y: •
0,003
0,0
04
0,005
.
23
•
147
■
.1frritny level in Swedish met kirino., Pine /969,
Tabell 7. Kvielzsilver- och Tamil< vick•
silvtrlialter 1 rensadel.
.1f ercuiy , »ni mill?Tbeerrigy lads iereiàtcr fade.
Samtliga prover inki•pta i Stockholm 16.6.69.
Samtliga prover inla1pta i Stockholm,
Tabeii. 5. K ickiiilverhulter î svensk leadv•
niure, juni 1969.
• ‘• '
•Total-11g, mgjltg,,
•
0,006
• 0,005
0 ,002
0,004
•
•
."
•
•
'
•
•
0,006
0,003. • •
• 00,002
002
0,003
0,007
0,002 . •
.
••
•
0,002 • •
Meaeltal •Arera..«
•
0,005
•.
•
- mg/kg
Mety1-11g
mg 11g/kg. % av
totai-lig
.
•
.
,
26.9,68
0,003
0,006
0,003
0,003
0,002
• o,oie.‘
Total-11g
'purchase
' - 0,003
0,003
0,003
•
.•
!al:ailsdatum
Dale of
0,003
0,002
0,003
0,003
0,007
0,01.3
• -•
•
N1etyl-11g, mg Ilgjkg
5.5.69
0,003
0,015
0,009
0,017,'
0,010 0,008 ,
0,009 •
0,009
0,013
0,004
0,013
0,015 •
0,012.
0,007
0,012
0,008
0 ,005
•
0,007'
0,007'
80
62
• 78
78
0,003
• 75
0,011- • .
0,01:3
• 0,009 0,011
73
108
• 129 .,
92
Mc:delta'
.•lverage
114411. 6. KvicksiIverhalter i dansic oxfilé
•004 kàvit vet.
àfirara, fj,ds. iee Pm;ir.b ert of bee and calf's /her,
:
S.4f1;tlig..7.1
1-U11=11:arm
iniffipta i
. 16,10 1968.
y, raKirg
it
i:&,f
177; alv le vet c'':#4+
fir«
Tabell 8. Kvicksilvcr- och mètylkvicksilverhalter i rennjurar frân Tiirendii-Pejal#4.
•
september 1969.
0,002
mi.L.kp'
..
•..................._..
`, Ictfd'i
...,._........_.............
Ing ■ I g: ',I. g
• •, nN. tat,a1-1. ..4.;
0,072
0,16
0,004
•
0,011
oxit •
,te
0,007
0,005
-0,005
0,006
.
0,27_
0,180,1)06
0,00'
0,00",
0,008
0,006
•
0,15
0,40
0,24 '
0,072
0,24 •
0,19
•Nletlelta1• tcra,ye
0,o05
-
am: merIllmeretery Weis in reindeer kidefy
,Itere
from i'drenel)eynla, Sep;..m...?er f 96 9,
Total-lIg • .•
,
86
0,011
I
, 0,01E?
0,001
0,002
0,002
. 0,002
0,002
,0,002
.
'
3
0,002
0,004
.
•
2
1
.1
1.
1
.,•1reraYe
oboh
0,19
(100
1
•14‘?"
.
•
• • •-'4Ï.
.
.
.
.
.
.
••7.„1
14
.
- ' ••••.--',- ....k••••, •'...,:
i
-.
.
..
/g
•
•ie
Tabell 1. Kvickailver- inch metylkvick.ilveritaleet i tenlever.
Alln• -•0p
sad wribpler•
;f
Kdr<Vretadt Ormanto anger
16.4
at
lnkaplott
Pdtain
Pie. , of phr ■ Itaie
Pate
_
Stockholm
Alb
. »JP,.
.
.
.
•
stitcn stoklai,
pm-1 4 11e , PI it ii,.
—
,•
ry teeth i., rerea-er hrer
reel 4.114:t
.
fg
t
d ik g
•
10.6
;
mg I I.: "Kg
ti,e5
■ i 3O03
5
4,9kb
7
•
t.
r
•
2; II 68
U,t156
0,1170
0,001
0,001
1.077
•
amens.,
4.
22 7 be'
28 7 .61
6
:
(,A29
ft,e)1
tt.1.11 7
■ 1,2"
0,001
•I 0 t.4
0.001
• _
o1,001
1 dtrefhle P14p , 4
.
•
Arri.ham,
8 10.69
0.020
0.11
'Yale)
4).16
al.tlf r".
4
4- '
•
;
-
t0
a
'
0,006
4
f1,00S
•
•
IA-
1t01
002
‘1,002
se.,2
1#
0,001
0,001
/.
121
fà;
eik• e 4.fr
t'",„ ,>•
0,0 Kt
tt"
?t
'
2
!to'
i
6
,
0,00i
(I. '4
.1
(
:ere
e1:
0.slo
4
0,1mli
4
0 tPtn
•S
0,14
.
4 41:
7
6,1)08
9
11.111 I
et
0,041
eee
41.
•
;
OM:v.
S
b
0,it'S
.•
4
0
s5,5 s
ie
.,0,040
0,20
0 018
,
Nted,11.1 .4 ,
II Wet
4-
e
-
0,004
149
• mi.
àë.
.•
•
•
Tabell 10. Kvicksilverhalt i se;enska hôneligg.
Mercury level in Swedish ben' : egg' s.
•
'
Inkôpsort
, Antal iigg i
Datum
Date
. • rovet
• .
pPlareofmrchase
" Number of eggs
•
• Stockholm
•
.
.
••
•-..'
,
•
,
e
,,..,
.
s
..
Medeltal Average
.
i.• .
,
0,009
25.10.67
.
, 54
•.''
0,009
- 4.11.67
' 58 •
.
-,.
'
.
12.12.67
.54
,
0,016
19.06.69
,
';19
•'
0,019
54
.
6.09.68
'
. -,
.. '''
i - 0,007
26.09.68
' ' 6
- 7..
0,006
• , 3.10:68
6.
0,017
11.10.68 . -... ' 6
' ' 1.. •:
0,010
17.10.68
.
6. ' .
-.
0,-014 '
24.10.68
6
.
0,016
. . 6
.
31.10. 5
0,017 .
8.11.68 .
6
0,009
6
.. ,
14.11.68 .
. . 6.
.
0,018
22.11.68
0,027
29.11.68 .
:6
.
0,009
5.12.68
6
0,019
16.12.68
6
.
.
'0,010
20.12.68
6
0,009
•
•
16.09.69
6
0,021
6
0,018
..
.
6.
•
0,011
6
0,007
22.09.69
6
0,022
-6
0,009
6
.
0,017 .
6
0,007 . .
5
. 0,006
6-
1
' Vt!T.
(
ir,in 1. .;,, , -i-ilmt in 1 ,, ,'s &el.
‘Ies-rInpr , ry A tel , 0,11 me lip
Metvikvicksilverhalt i Mr/brinier.
150
()font
0,11
1 e meth )ha..e.r.ms). ,.
e Htimin infoiltail med N'il \ e,,:instie1., Fish
4
0,007
' 0,004
0,006
0,011
0,014
0,012
.
0,016 '
0,009
0,008
'
0,006
0,005
0,015
• 0,011 •
0,009
0,006
0,011
• 0,006
0,012
0,006
0,013
0,007
. 0,008
0,006
0,015
0,007
0,021
0,011
0,008 •
0,006
. 0,016
0,009
0,004
0,008
0,007
0,003 .
0,016
0,006
0,014
0,007
. i 0,008
0,003
0,005
0,003
0,017
0,006
0,007
0,003
0,013
• 0,006
0,006
0,003'
0,005
0,004
11,009
Bestaind soin metylkviete.
Metylkvicksi'•.ci•halt
Heliigg
Inole egg
0,002
0,003 .
,
Vaxholin
1
in sample •
Total-Hg, mg/kg
•
. Gula
Vita
liebite '.'' •
Yolk
tf , s1 1,.! ;
0,015 mg liu . k2•
.
0,080
,
3,
•
e
,
1
Tabell 11. Kvicksilverhalt i dan ska hiinsâgg.
Varje prov beser av 2 âgg.
Mercury kvel in Danish ben's
Two eggs in each sample.
eggr.
'
Samtliga prover inkeipta i kiipenhamn 16.10.1968.
•
•
Vita «Vhite
Total-Ég
Metyl-Hg
mg hg/kg
mg/kg
0,010
0,011 ,
Total-Hg
mg/kg
• 0,012
0,005 •
0,038
• 0,004
0,004 •
0,004,
.0,003
0,004
0,026
0,006
0,005
0,005
0,008
0,12
0,015
0,005.
0, 6
0,006
0,007,
0,013
0,098.,
0,009
0,006
0,014
Helâgg
Ciula Yolk
0,095
117hole egg
Metyl-i-ig
mg Hg/kg
Total-Hg
0,000
0,011
0,009
0,021
0,005
0,005
0,005
0,006
0,010
0,070
0,008
0,006
0,010
0,002
Medeltal
Average
mg/kg
0,014
'robe11 12. KvIcksilverhalt I âgg fan storskrake, Aland, maj 1969.
Mercury level in eggs of merganser, Mergus merganser, Aland, Ilay 1969.
Va r i e prov bestâr av 1 âgg. One egg in each sample.
Vita linite
Gula
mg 11ttfkg
mg/kg
3,60
2,67
2,50
3,10
2,02
3,04
2,83
3,35
2,05
-
•
-
Medeltal
2,80
Total-Hg
Nfetyl-Hg
Total-Hg
3,17
2,52
2,50
2,98
2,03
3,34
2,59
3,34
2,31
Average'
2,75
Yak
". av total-Hg
88
94
loo
-
0,30
'Jo
100
.
mg Hg/kg
0,40
0,14
0,15 .
0,18
0,10
0,20
.0,42
rnitIkg
0,45
0,29
0,29 .
•
-
110
92
100
113
.
,
. 0,25
0,35
0 • 54
''„ av total-Hg
89 . . .
48
57
60 40
0,37
0,21
0,55
0,32
-...-t
;rit,
' 0, 7 4
69
•
.
• 99
•
0.18
151
d/
Tabell 13. Kvicksilverhalter i svenska och utlândska (huvudsakligen danska) anlmala
livsmedel 1964 -1966 och 1967- 1969.
rP
Mercury levels in Saredisb and foreign (mainly Danish ) mimeo/ products in 1964-1966 and 1967-1969.
.
l'id fôr provtagning
Land
Livsmedcl
Time of sampling
Comity
Foodstuff
Antal prover
Ig, mg /kg
Number of
Grânser
Medeltal
:amples
Liteils
Average
35
0,016 -0,13
i
Sept -nov 65
Sverige
lehiskkotlett
Por# chop
Mars -maj 68
Okt 65
, Okt 68
;
Nov 65
4
»
Danmark
»
Sverige
'
» .
•
»
»
,
Svinlever
30
6
13 , 26 •
.
Pig': liver
Jan-maj 68
Okt 65
Okt 68
Okt 65-april 66
Sverige
Mars-maj 68
Okt 65 *
Okt 68 .,,
Nov 65-april 66
»
Danmark
»
Sverige
»
Danmark
»
»
»
Oxfilé
0,030
.
1
.
34
6
15
23
.
0,001-0,016 0,008
0,002--0,007 0,003
0,001-0,008 0,003
0,014-0,18
0,060
0,003-0,049 0,021
0,005-0,020 0,009
0,003-0,028 0,009
0,002-0,074 0,012
•
Filet of beef
'
.
•
4
... Aug 67 -maj 68»
Okt 65
Danmark
Okt 68
»
1;
t.(4':*
•
Mars 64
-
april 66
Sverige
.
1
0,001-0,005 0,002
0,002-0,004 0,003
0,002 -0,008 0,005
0,005-0,046 0,016
.
0,002-0,012 0,005
0,005
0,003 0,007
0,003 -0,016 0,008
-
Ca/f': liver
;
é
»
24
»
6
»
11
Oxlever
' 23
Ox liver
»
33 .
»
6
Kalvlever
12
April 67 - sept 69
65
.
.
'"
;
J.
'
I lolland,
200 âgg)
Fliinegg
I len's egg
96 (
»
43 ( 500 âgg)
22 (4$ agg)
•
0,015
.
11.. Igicn,
- 1 ysk land,
(1...tcrril t
11. ■ 11...n,
0,043 0,029
0,004 - 0,021 0,009
-
»
-
0,004 0,013
.
11,007
1).trimat.
Okt 68
Okt 65 - aprt 116
-
Dan mat .
-
I.? (24 lue'
0,00Ç
it( -t rift
II
0.(pt,',
0,00
0,02 i
0,014
`%% crie;
14
,1104 0, (11'
1),009 0,044
0,011
0,026
0,017
0,04 $ ,4
0,098
/,', •wieer
Sept 68-mat 69
()kr 65
('»,.a
4
liever
tc. ',mire.
1
'14t.r
Okt 68 --okt 69
67 -69
152
1.
36
.,,i ■ la,
-tit
• •
per..
;
à
•
0,013
.
300
.412.
Tabell 14. l'iirdeleing pà kvickni1vernivarr av avenvk.. ■ och danska animala 11. asnedel,..
pruver inki•put 1967 -1969 resp 1%5 1966
•
IN /woe r qf glen itr,
ni
r,
- 1 9r, •
P. 1".
I gerv .rorel 94i
•
Wish and
Ant.0 pr.
N'ItruvIng
\
11.14:kot left, ‘tctisk
rill,
(1 0,010
0,011
20
10
.
,m , Phil Mad
b•rreIrt 194 7
-
er rned kvicksakerhaltvr, mr kg
”1
Feed
)
.
-
N.
r.
—
NI, 111
0,01 0,10 0,11 —0,30
0,020 0,021
0
0
0
n
0'
0
18
0
0
0
0
.
P9ri elep, ‘ n eolith
llotkicr.tlett. nlansk
0
19
.
Perk riot), paNisli
ii,
6
10.
Svinlet cr, (14ns1.„
Pies li1rt I tooth
17
2
2
S .inniurv, ..ven.k
()
•2
14
4
1
6
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
17
0
o
(1
0
30
3
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
41
12
I
0
u
0
.,
-
0
41
4
7
13
1!
i
1
II
)
et
1
0
tivinitvcr, c.e..nsk
Pm' t firer, %treed
Pi:f>,- t itiric,
4 , 114
,
.',.• , ,
,.
l
erg. ')rue,
1- oirt a/
:
()rtk..t. r
. ..
s Ell.k
it* fr, 114-rd, ,
*s.i . fk
ft‘••
kal
vt:, .1afflk
, '.< f ..
. ,,
tle ,;
( ir
A • , «ii,
4• e , ■ ul
•
1 »4
11.ettste
,
%.
'
(I..—
,
: .4e.i. '
,
P•r.lc ur'
A
.
rd. ri,
( ) id.. dle) , ,,
0.
.
, did,
‘
Svinhjena, .' ..-n4.
hit t.".„,:. ■ » ; du).
ehelk
-
t
Itrabf:parlf '
K tut , - 4 -4441'
...
Ferellileg, 4, cntka
J#,-,, :. eu.
1icap..igg, ,Itt , o.k. ■
-cx.
tut
1h
•
,
1:
I) ,.,,Ç.
....
.r
Ic1.4%. •• • •
14 •
•
,
cit
It
I hi'
• :
• d, h
I .■
•
1
•
•
15 3
• (.• •
•-•
%-
1"abell 15. Metylkvieksilverhaltei relation till totalkvicksilverhalter 1 svenska aniniala
livsmedel och àlândska storskraksiigg arm 1966-1969.
lerels in relation to total mercury levels in .S'ivedisb animal foods and Aland merganser's eggs
in 1966-1969.
Tid ftdr prov-
tagning
lime of sampling
- Antal .
Livsmeclel
Foodstuff
66
Pebr—april 68
Fen —sePt 68
Febr 68
Ciriinser
Limits
Medeltal Grânser
Limits
Average
0,005-0,016 0,011
Flâskkotlett
Pork chop
Svinlever
PM's liver
3,
15
21
Svinnjure
Pig's kidney
Svinkijiirna
PM's brain
. Medeltal
Average
77 -123 97
68— 78 73
0,075-0,095 0,088
.
•
•
e 0,005-0,037 0,016 • . 45—, 86 65
12— 72 41
0,006 — 0,023 0,014
0,001 —0,002 0,001
92
0,068
1
14— 40 26
92
66
Oxfilé .
Filet of be ef
Mais—april 68
Oxlever
O.,: liver
10
.0,001-0,004 0,001
Kalynjurc
13
0,002-0,007 0,003
9
0,003-0,013 0,008
27
0,001-0,015 0,004
1— 10
5
10
0,001-0,004 0,002
1— 3
1
Juni 68
•
,
av total-Hg
Number of mg I ig/kg
samPles
Mars —april 68
Mety1-1-Ig
prover.
Sept 68.- maj 69
Okt 68 okt 69
Sept 69
Calf 's kidney
Rensadel.
Reindeer saddle
Renlever
Reindeer liver
itennittre
9— 37 23
62-129 86
Rrindeer kidney
Iliinsagg, vita
I len's4ge, white
66
67=-68
66
gula
6
0,011 0,029
0,021 • 80 -100
92
24
3
0,006 -0,022
0,1814 0,010
0,011
0,008
70 -114
-125
91
91
6
0,001 -- 0,002
2.0 s —3,34
0,001
2,75
40
k7
88 -- 11
26
99
9
0,10- 0,42
0,24
40 •- 89
60
300
0,04 8,4
/ liij egg,yolk
Jan 68
Mal
69
Sk rakâgg,
vita
.11erganser' r
white
Mai 69
Skrakiigg,
la
ilerganser's rev,
volk
67 -.60
abivn-rc
pike, peril
154
z
•••
---
99