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Edexcel GCSE
Physics
Unit P3: Applications of Physics
Higher Tier
Additional Sample Assessment Material
Time: 1 hour
You must have:
Calculator, ruler
Paper Reference
5PH3H/01
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• Fill
centre number and candidate number.
Answer all questions.
• Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
•– there may
be more space than you need.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
• The
The
for each question are shown in brackets
• – usemarks
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
written communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Keep
eye on the time.
• Try toananswer
every question.
• Check your answers
if you have time at the end.
•
S39603A
©2011 Edexcel Limited.
6/8/8/2/
*S39603A0120*
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FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful
intensity =
power of incident radiation
area
power of lens =
I=
P
A
1
focal length
The relationship between focal length, object and image distance
1 1 1
= +
f u v
current = number of particles per second × charge on each particle
I=N×q
kinetic energy = electronic charge × accelerating potential difference
KE = ½ mv2 = e × V
momentum = mass × velocity
p=m×v
frequency =
1
time period
f=
1
T
V2T1
T2
The relationship between temperature and volume for a gas
V1 =
The relationship between volume and pressure for a gas
V1P1 = V2P2
The relationship between the volume, pressure and temperature for a gas
PV
1 1 P2V2
=
T1
T2
Snell’s law refractive index =
2
sine i
sine r
*S39603A0220*
Answer ALL questions
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
The pliosaur – a dinosaur
1 Part of the skeleton of a dinosaur was found recently.
The dinosaur is called a pliosaur.
(a) A scientist produced the chart below to give an idea of the size of the pliosaur.
pliosaur
human
diver
Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The human diver is about 1.5 m tall.
Estimate the length of the pliosaur.
It is about
(1)
A 3.3 m
B 16 m
C 25 m
D 33 m
(b)X-rays were used to produce a photograph of one of the broken dinosaur bones.
Explain what happens to the X-rays in this process.
(2)
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*S39603A0320*
3
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(c) Scientists do not want to dissect the pliosaur’s skull so they carry out a CAT scan.
This produces a three dimensional image of the bones.
(i) A CAT scan has been compared to a loaf of sliced bread.
Explain how a loaf of sliced bread can be used to model a CAT scan.
(2)
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(ii) The amount of detail shown by a scan increases with the number of X-ray
photographs used.
A super-scanner is an advanced CAT scanner. It builds up a more detailed
image than a normal CAT scanner.
Super-scanners take many more X-ray photographs, each at a much higher
energy, than normal CAT scanners.
Explain why a super-scanner is used on the pliosaur but would not normally
be used on a human.
(3)
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(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)
4
*S39603A0420*
Gases
2 The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to investigate the relationship
between the volume and pressure of some trapped air.
glass tube
air
Bourdon gauge
oil
to foot
pump
oil reservoir
(a) Which pair of quantities for the trapped air are kept constant to make the
investigation valid?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A mass and volume
B pressure and temperature
C pressure and volume
D temperature and mass
*S39603A0520*
5
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(b)The table shows the results of such an investigation.
pressure of gas
P / atm
volume of gas
V / cm3
1.0
42
1.5
28
2.0
21
2.5
17
3.0
14
Two values are missing from the table.
Complete the table.
6
reciprocal of pressure
1
/ atm–1
P
1.00
0.50
0.33
(1)
*S39603A0620*
(c) The graph shows some of the results from the investigation.
1.0 –
1
/ atm–1
P
0.8 –
0.6 –
0.4 –
0.2 –
30
40
–
20
–
–
10
–
–
–
0–
0
50
V / cm3
(i) Plot the points from the values you have added to the table.
(ii) Draw the line of best fit.
*S39603A0720*
(1)
(1)
7
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(d)The temperature of the trapped air increases from 20 °C to 40 °C.
Explain why the kinetic energy of the gas particles does not double.
(4)
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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
8
*S39603A0820*
Collisions
3 The diagram shows the paths of charged and uncharged particles.
(a) Which of the following causes some of the particles to move in a circular or spiral
path?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A gravitational field
B magnetic field
C kinetic energy
D nuclear energy
(b)Which of the following quantities are conserved when electron – positron
annihilation occurs?
Put a tick (ü) against each quantity that is conserved.
quantity
(2)
tick (ü)
Charge
Kinetic energy
Mass
Momentum
Speed
*S39603A0920*
9
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(c) In terms of kinetic energy and momentum, compare elastic collisions with inelastic
collisions.
(2)
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(d)A proton has a mass of 1 unit.
A proton is travelling at 2.2 × 107 m/s and collides with a stationary helium
nucleus.
The proton rebounds at 1.3 × 107 m/s as shown.
before collision
2.2 × 107 m/s
after collision
1.3 × 107 m/s
protonstationary
proton helium
heliumnucleus
nucleus
The mass of the helium nucleus is 4 units.
Calculate the velocity of the helium nucleus after the collision.
(3)
velocity = ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
10
*S39603A01020*
(e) A high voltage accelerates an electron from rest to a velocity of 4.0 × 107 m/s.
mass of an electron = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
charge on an electron = 1.6 × 10–19 C
Calculate the accelerating voltage.
(3)
accelerating voltage = ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)
*S39603A01120*
11
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Fundamental particles
4 You should be familiar with two types of quark.
The illustration shows all the quarks in the quark family.
(a) Which of the following quarks is contained in a neutron?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Abottom
Bcharm
Cdown
Dstrange
12
*S39603A01220*
(1)
(b)The charges on all quarks are given in the table.
The size of the charge on an electron is represented by e.
charge = –
1e
3
charge = +
down
up
strange
charm
bottom
top
2e
3
Explain how the quarks in a proton give it a charge of +1e.
(2)
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(c) The mass of an up quark is one-third of the mass of a proton.
Calculate the mass of a down quark.
(1)
mass = . ................................................ of the mass of a proton
*S39603A01320*
13
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*(d)Discuss the similarities and differences between beta minus decay and beta plus
decay as processes that involve quarks.
(6)
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(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)
14
*S39603A01420*
Radioactive decay and stability
5 A nucleus of potassium-40 is described by the symbol 40
19 K.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The mass number of this nucleus is
(1)
A 19
B21
C40
D59
(ii) Complete the symbol below to suggest a different isotope of potassium.
(2)
..............
K
..............
(iii) Nuclei of potassium-40 are unusual.
Some potassium-40 nuclei decay by emitting an electron.
Others decay by emitting a positron.
Complete each equation.
40
electron emission: 19 K positron
40
emission: 19 K (2)
..........
0
Ca + –1 e
..........
..........
0
Ar + +1 e
..........
*S39603A01520*
15
Turn over
(b)The graph shows
• the line of stability for stable nuclei
• the line N = Z
100
number of
neutrons, N
line of stability
90
80
70
N=Z
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30 40 50 60 70
number of protons, Z
80
90
100
Explain, in terms of N and Z, how positron emission can produce a more stable
nucleus.
You may add to the graph to help with your answer.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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16
*S39603A01620*
(c) Some potassium-40 nuclei do not emit an electron or a positron.
These nuclei do a completely different thing.
They capture an electron from the shell nearest to the nucleus.
This electron then combines with a proton in the nucleus.
Write an equation which shows the effect of electron capture on the potassium-40
nucleus.
(3)
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(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)
*S39603A01720*
17
Turn over
Refraction and total internal reflection
6 (a) A ray of light travels from air into glass.
B
A
air
glass
C
D
(i) Which angle is the angle of refraction?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
B
C
D
(ii) You may use a calculator or the table of sines to answer this question.
A ray of light is incident at 30° on a boundary between air and glass.
The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.
angle (of
incidence)
sine
18
5°
10°
15°
20°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
0.087
0.17
0.26
0.34
0.42
0.50
0.57
0.64
0.71
0.77
Show that the angle of refraction is just less than 20°.
*S39603A01820*
(3)
(b)Explain what is meant by the term critical angle.
You may draw a labelled diagram to help with your answer.
(2)
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*S39603A01920*
19
Turn over
*(c) The prism XYZ is made of glass.
The glass has a critical angle of 42°.
The diagrams show two rays of light approaching the face XY from opposite
directions.
X
X
45°
Z
45°
Y
diagram 1
Z
Y
diagram 2
These rays will continue in various ways.
Explain why approaching the face XY from opposite directions will cause the rays
to continue in different ways.
You may complete the diagrams to help with your answer.
(6)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)
total for paper = 60 marks
20
*S39603A02020*
`
Additional Sample Mark Scheme
GCSE Science 2011
GCSE
GCSE Physics (5PH3H/01)
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750
Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
General Marking Guidance
•
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
•
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
•
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
•
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be
used appropriately.
•
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
•
For questions worth more than one mark, the answer column shows how
partial credit can be allocated. This has been done by the inclusion of part
marks eg (1).
•
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles
by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
•
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
•
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
Quality of Written Communication
Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
•
Write legibly, with accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to
make the meaning clear
•
Select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
•
Organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary
when appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark
scheme, but this does not preclude others.
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
General Information
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
Symbol
eq
Meaning of symbol
Indicates that credit should be given for other
correct alternatives to a word or statement
/ oblique
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are
alternatives to each other
{ } curly brackets
( ) round brackets
Indicate the beginning and end of a list of
alternatives (separated by obliques) where
necessary to avoid confusion
Words inside round brackets are to aid
understanding of the marking point but are not
required to award the point
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
1(a)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
B
(1)
Question
Number
1(b)
Question
Number
1(c)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
•
some are absorbed by bone
(1)
•
rest pass through (to photo
plate) (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
•
each X-ray slice corresponds
to a 2-D ‘picture’ (1)
•
(which) the scan puts next to
each other in order like a loaf
(1)
•
a loaf of bread consists of
parallel slices (1)
•
(which are) arranged next to
each other in order like the
CAT scan (1)
OR
Question
Number
1(c)(ii)
(2)
Answer
Acceptable answers
An explanation linking the following
points
• too many X-ray photographs
are dangerous (to living
tissue) (1)
to the body
•
(which) damages the
DNA/cells (1)
•
(but) the pliosaur is now
dead/will not be damaged by
X-rays (1)
Mark
(3)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
2(a)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
(1)
Question
Number
2(b)
Answer
Acceptable answers
complete table
0.67
0.4(0)
(1)
both correct for mark
Question
Number
2(c)(i)
Mark
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
plots both points correctly (1)
(1)
Question
Number
2(c)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
line of best fit 1
(1)
Question
Number
2(d)
Answer
Acceptable answers
An explanation linking the following
points
particles will move faster
•
KE will increase (1)
•
(increase in KE is)
proportional to temperature
in Kelvin (1)
by small amount
•
Kelvin temperature rise from
293 to 313 (1)
increases by 313/293 or 1.07 (1)
•
(so) KE will increase (slightly)
but will not double (1)
Mark
(4)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
3(a)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
B
(1)
Question
Number
3(b)
Question
Number
3(c)
Question
Number
3(d)
Answer
Acceptable answers
•
charge (1)
•
momentum (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
•
momentum conserved in both
(1)
•
KE only conserved in elastic
collision (1)
Mark
Mark
(2)
Answer
Acceptable answers
equation showing conservation of
momentum
allow substitution and transposition
in either order
Mark
substitution (1)
mpup = mhvh + mpvp
or words
transposition (1)
2.2 x 107 = mhph - 1.3 x 107
3.5 x 107 = momentum of helium
nucleus
evaluation(1)
4 x v = 3.5 x 107
v = 8.75 x 107 (m/s) (1)
give full marks for correct answer,
no working
(3)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
3(e)
Answer
Acceptable answers
substitution (1)
1.6 x 10-19 x V = ½ x 9.1 x 10-31 x
(4.0 x 107)2
allow substitution and transposition
in either order
Mark
transposition (1)
V = ½ x 9.1 x 10-31 x (4.0 x 107)2
1.6 x 10-19
evaluation(1)
approx 4500 (V)
give full marks for correct answer,
no working
(3)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
4(a)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
C
(1)
Question
Number
4 (b)
Answer
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
• u + u + d (1)
•
Question
Number
4(c)
Acceptable answers
(gives) +2/3e +2/3e -1/3e =
+1e (1)
Answer
one-third (of the mass of a proton)
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
(1)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
QWC
*4(d)
Indicative Content
Mark
A discussion including some of the following points
Similarities and differences of processes:
• both emissions come from the nucleus
• emitted randomly
• causes a neutron to become a proton and vice versa
Similarities and differences of quark behaviour:
Beta minus emission only
• neutron has the quarks d+d+u
• one of the downs changes (flavour) and becomes an up
• an electron is emitted
• the neutron becomes a proton
• the proton produced has quarks d+u+u
Beta plus emission only
• proton has quarks d+u+u
• one of the ups changes (flavour) and becomes a down
• a positron is emitted
• the proton becomes a neutron
• the neutron produced has quarks d+d+u
Level
1
0
1-2
2
3-4
3
5-6
(6)
No rewardable content
• a limited discusion of a single process, a similarity or a difference
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
• some discusion of both processes or a full discussion of one processs with
some similarity or difference
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
• a detailed discussion of both processes including both similarities and
differences
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
5(a) (i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
C
(1)
Question
Number
5(a) (ii)
Answer
•
•
Question
Number
5(a) (iii)
Acceptable answers
any integer greater than 19
but not equal to 40 (1)
19 (1)
Answer
Mark
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
All four numbers correct 2 marks.
Two or three correct 1 mark.
40
(Ca)
20
40
(2)
(Ar)
18
Question
Number
5(b)
Answer
An explanation linking the following
points
• a proton becomes a neutron
(1)
• (so) Z decreases by 1 (1)
• and so N increases by 1 (1)
• so will approach line of
stability from below and right
(1)
• (so) just below the curve (and
for nuclei with low number of
protons) (1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
Z – 1, N + 1
circle on diagram in appropriate
place
(3)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
5(c)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
K + e with numbers (1)
correct balancing (1)
40
19
K
+
00 e
40
-1
18
(Ar)
4 numbers correct, 2 marks
3 numbers correct, 1 mark
(3)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
6 (a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
(1)
Question
Number
6 (a)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
transposition(1)
sin30/1.5
allow substitution and transposition
in either order
Mark
substitution (1)
0.33
evaluation
< 0.34 (1)
Question
Number
6 (b)
Answer
angle of incidence (1)
for which angle of refraction is 90°
(1)
about 19.5°
give full marks for correct answer, no
working
(3)
Acceptable answers
Mark
for which the refracted ray goes
along the boundary
or above which ALL light is reflected
internally
(2)
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
QWC
*6(c)
Indicative Content
Mark
An explanation linking some of factors within diagram 1 and some of the
factors within diagram 2
Diagram 1
• angle of incidence (45°) is greater than critical angle (42°)
• so total internal reflection occurs
• angle of incidence =angle of reflection
• so ray turns through 90°
• and leaves prism through ZY
Diagram 2
• partial reflection
• (which is) 90°to incident ray
• (partial) refraction into glass
• towards normal
• angle of refraction less than 45°
• angle of refraction is (just over) 28°
• leaves prism through XZ
Up to a maximum of 3 marks can be scored using labelled diagrams only
Level
1
0
1-2
2
3-4
3
5-6
(6)
No rewardable content
• the explanation is limited to a single effect on one diagram
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
• some explanation for both diagrams or a full explanation of one. Some
consideration is given to numerical values
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
• the explanation will be clear and precise. Numerical values will be
considered particularly for the total deviation for TIR and the angle of
refraction
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
5PH3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme