FROM THE ACADEMY
Question of the Month
Dietitian, Dietician, or Nutritionist?
T
HE TERMS DIETITIAN VS
nutritionist and the correct
spelling of dietitian have been
ever-evolving issues for our
profession. To trace back the origins
of these issues we would need to start
before the founding of the American
Dietetic Association (ADA) in 1917.
The word dietetics was included in
the 1839 Dunglison Medical Lexicon
and defined as “a branch of medicine
comprising the rules to be followed
for preventing, relieving, or curing
disease by diet.”1 In the 1870s, cooking schools started to be developed,
laying the ground work for the dietetics profession in the United States.
Graduates of these cooking schools
were often called “dietists.”1 Moving
forward to 1899, the word dietitian
was coined at the Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics. 2 These
women also created the first definition of a dietitian: “persons who
specialize in the knowledge of food
and can meet the demands of the
medical profession for diet therapy.”2
Records of these early meetings noted
that in a discussion by Mary Swartz
Rose and Lenna F. Cooper, the terms
dietist and dietician were both used.1
In 1917, when the American Home
Economist Association meeting was
cancelled because of World War I,
Lenna Cooper and Lulu Graves decided there should be an opportunity
for the dietitians in the country to
meet and discuss the issues facing
the hospital dietitian—and the American Dietetic Association was founded.
The dietitian’s role continued to expand into a wide variety of job opportunities in social service organizations
and institutions, child care programs,
and as cafeteria managers in clubs,
hotels, and schools. A new title arose
This article was written by Wendy
Marcason, RDN, of the Academy of
Nutrition and Dietetics’ Knowledge
Center Team, Chicago, IL. Academy
members can contact the Knowledge
Center by sending an e-mail to
[email protected].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.024
484
around 1920, and some dietitians
were called nutrition workers. Mary
Swartz Rose noted that this term was
awkward, and it gradually became
nutritionist.1 The correct or preferable
spelling of dietitian has been a longstanding matter for the profession of
dietetics. In 1930, the ADA executive
committee at the 13th Annual Meeting
considered a variety of issues, one being the official spelling of dietitian with
a “t”—and this was the spelling that
was adopted.1
In 1940, an ADA committee was
formed to update the definition of
dietitian, which became a person “who
had college training in the science of
nutrition and management and is proficient in the art of feeding individuals
and groups.” A nutritionist in a public
agency was a “qualified, professionally
trained person who directs or carries
on a program of activities dealing with
the application of scientific knowledge
of nutrition to the prevention of disease and the promotion of positive
health.”1
The spelling of dietitian continued
to be controversial. In 1954, the ADA
Courier mentioned that Time Magazine
reported “the word dietitian is among
the 20 most misspelled words.”1 Moving forward into the early 1960s,
dietetic associations, under the auspices of the International Committee of
Dietetic Associations (ICDA), worked
together to standardize information
about dietitians under the International Standard Classification of Occupations. When the International Labour
Office confirmed the dietetic profession’s classification in 1967, it also
adopted the spelling dietitian at the
request of the international dietetic
community.3 Still to this day some
dictionaries list dietician as an accepted
alternate, but, as noted, the official
spelling dating back to 1930 still
stands.
Confusion continued regarding the
role of the dietitian and nutritionist.
In 2010, the Academy of Nutrition
and Dietetics began exploring the option of offering the registered dietitian
nutritionist (RDN) credential. The
2013 joint meeting of the major
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
organizational units (Commission on
Dietetic Registration, Accreditation
Council for Education in Nutrition and
Dietetics, Council on Future Practice,
Education Committee, and Nutrition
and Dietetics Educators and Preceptors
DPG) supported moving forward with
the use of the RDN credential.
Incorporating nutritionist into the RD
credential highlights that “all registered dietitians are nutritionists, but
not all nutritionists are registered
dietitians.”4
As we enter the month of March,
the Academy celebrates the eighth
Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Day5
and acknowledges the contributions
and expertise of registered dietitian
nutritionists as the food and nutrition
experts.
References
1.
Cassell JA. Carry the Flame: The History of
the American Dietetic Association. Chicago,
IL: American Dietetic Association; 1990.
2.
South ML. Reflections of a diamond: 75
years for ADA. J Am Diet Assoc. August
1993;93(8):892-896.
3.
Sharp M. The “c” in dietitians—A long history and fading future (maybe). Dietetics
Around the World. Newsletter from the
International Confederation of Dietetics
Associations. 2010; vol 17, issue 2. http://
www.internationaldietetics.org/Newsletter/
Vol17Issue2/Feature-Article/The-c-in-die
titians-a-long-history-and-fading-futu.aspx.
Accessed December 16, 2014.
4.
Commission of Dietetic Registration (CDR).
RDN Credential—Frequently Asked Questions. http://www.cdrnet.org/news/rdncre
dentialfaq. Accessed December 18, 2014.
5.
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetic’s Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Day. http://www.
eatright.org/NNM/content.aspx?id¼5189#.
VJMrkV4DA. Accessed December 18, 2015.
Related Resources
The Academy’s History Journal Collection
Accessed December 18, 2014 http://www.and
jrnl.org/content/amh
National Nutrition Month 2015 is “Bite into a
Healthy Lifestyle” Accessed December 18, 2014
www.eatright.org/nnm
ª 2015 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.