Modeling and Simulating Diploid Simple Genetic Algorithms

 !"#
$%'&())*+,-/.
0)132547681:9<;>=@?A=B?DCFEHGIEJ17K
LNMOM7PQ;R=@;R=S2TEJ1<UVCWGIEHXWYZEH[
\AEH2TEH[0]=_^B=SLNCFXFPBEH[K
`$a5bdcegfihja5klfnmoBprqsmthja,uHqsv,cw7xykJztqskda5a{eiq@kJz
|7a5v~}dkdqsgv~}da€‚kdqsƒ„aTeigq_fia5q_f‚xyqskduJ}dmƒ„aTk
…O† ‡#†dprm,ˆN‰‹Š,Œ‹:‰ŽtttNp‘xBqskIuH}dmƒ„a5k3d|}Ja’VaTfi}JaTeiw@ckduJ
“ cH† hN† w”† w@qsa5•ta5kd5d}Z† hN† hN† f,† a5qs•„aTw–uHaTe,HbZ† cH† —{† }Jqsw@˜8a{ei{™š‚fi›da† kJw
œž#ŸJ 8¡:¢n£7 `$qsbdwsmtq@u‹¤Qqsfi}da]v~}Ice~cvTfiaTeiqs¥fiqsvmo¦}Ic,ƒ‹qskdzbdcq_eimo¦v{}Heimthjmgmthja55ckIu<q@)g}Iceia,u
chjmkdzhjm¥f}dqszt}JaTe)me~uJa{egb8a5v5qsa5)q@kQkIcfi›Heiat†§‹f~ckdudce~u<ztaTkdaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dhj)ceia
˜Icga,umkfi}da}IcbJwsmtq@u3Zgqskdztwsaj¥fge~ckIuJa5uhjm‹uJaTw¨†Z|}Jq@¦bdcb8aTeuHa5gvTeiqs˜8a5fi}dauJqsbdwsmtq@u
zta5kJaTfiqsvAcwsztmeiqsfi}Jh>oFmeihcw@w_¤l†„|}danqshjbdwsa5hja5klf~cfiq@mkmo3fi}Ja+uJqsbdwsmq–u#zta5kJaTfiqsv‚cwsztmeiq_fi}Jh
eia,©l›dq_eia5#cNgb8a5v5q_ªIv)cw@zmeiq_fi}dhjqsv¥fgei›dv{fi›Jeiackduqsk‹fia{eibJeiaTf~cfiq@mkZOuJq_«:aTeiqskdzNo–eimth¬fi}da
¥f~ckdudce~u­za5kda{fiq@vVcwsztmeiq_fi}dhN†„®¯aAg}Jm,°±}dm,°Q}IcbJwsmtq@ujh›Jf~cfiqsmtkjckIu­vTeimggmƒtaTenmtb8a{eg²
cfimeiAv5ck³˜8a$ctuJmbJfia,ufimvTeia5cfiachjaTq@mfiqsv$mtb8aTe~cfime+fim­cvTf+mtk³uJqsbdwsmq–u)qskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcws5†
`$mthjqskdckdvTanckdu¦oFaTegfiqsw@qs´,cfiqsmtkZ„gb8a5v5q_ªIvnza5kdaTfiqsvmb8aTe~cfimeiyoFmeDuJqsbJw@mq@ucwszmeiq_fi}dhjyceia
qsk‹fgeim‹uH›dv5a5u3†Iµ¶kNfi}dqsAbIcb8a{eV°a¦bHeia5ga5klf$c)Ncei•„mƒ³hjm‹uJaTw7moDuHq@bJwsmtq@u]gq@hjbJwsaza5kda{fiq@v
cwsztmeiq_fi}dhj5†3®ajcw@gm³g}dm,°·}dm,°RuJqsbdwsmq–u¸zta5kJaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}dhjv,ck¯˜8a­gqsh›Jw@cfia,u¸˜‹¤
}Icbdwsmtq@uza5kdaTfiqsv+cw@zmeiq_fi}dhj5fi}da{eia5˜l¤cwswsm°+qskJz¦fi}Jareia5›JgamoIfi}Ja5meia{fiq@v5cwJeiaTg›dw_fiSoFeimth
}Icbdwsmtq@uNcw@zmeiq_fi}dhj+qsk]uHq@bJwsmtq@uNcwszmeiq_fi}dhj5†s¹
¹iºy»t¼_½8¾l¿5¾‹À~Á3»l¿5½:‹ÀiÀ~ÃA¾„Ä„ÂtÅ_¼_½Æ»„ÀiÇ$¿5½3ÈAÉ Ê)É Ë7ÉtË3ÌFÍgÎÍ~ÏlжыÒAÉ ÊÉ Ê)ÉlÓWÍ{ςÔBÌ_ÎÍ~Õ ÖÍ{×ÆÑ‹ØDÉ È‚É_ÙtɄÒÌ–Õ ÚÆÍ{×gжÑHÊ)Û~Ö,Ü
Í{Õ Ì–Ï݁Þ,ϋÖVßH̖à‚átÕ Þ,ÓWÌ@ÏÝ$ânÌ ã‹Õ Û,̖ցßHÌ@àrã‹Õ Í#äBÍ{ϋÍ~ÓW̖årÈrÕ ÝÛ,×g̖Ó@ætà‚жÑ7̖Ï#çyèSáϋÖÞÓFÌFÛ,ÏlÐ+Û¶éVäBÍ{ϋÍ{ÓFÌFårÈrÕ ÝÛ,×gÌ@ӖæàVÐ
êdëìë$í çyènäZÈ êdëìëWî{ï Ê)Þ,Õ ÞTÝÞTÑOßãtÞ,Ì@Ï í”ðtññ,ògî
8¡£7 LOXF68CWY7
9 I1OYQYOCSXF6ICWY79±CF1Q2,47E‹6I[E‹2,CdXn[EHK5Ed[4
=
Aa5ga,ceiv~}q@k¦za5kdaTfiqsv5OckIub8mbd›dw@cfiq@mk#za5kda{fiq@vTOqsOv5mthjhjmkdw_¤$˜dcga,umkfi}JaDv5mkdv5aTbJfOmoIuHqsbdwsmtq@uH¤l
}dqs¥fimeiq@v5cwsw_¤¥f~cegfiqskdz°+qsfi}³a5kduJa5w V°rmei•Nmkfi}Ja#qskJ}daTeiq_f~ckJv5amoDbd}daTkdmf¶¤Hbdqsvfgeia,cfi$qskb8a,c5†
xycv~}±qskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwAq@k<fi}dqshjm‹uJa5wA}Ic)bdcq_eia,u±za5kdmfƤHb8a55†r|}Jeimt›Jzt}Qei›Jwsa5mouJmhjq@kdckJv5a]ckdu
eia5v5aTggq@ƒta5kda5g5Zbd}Ja5kdmfƤHb8a5$moqskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icwsv,ck˜8a­uJaTfiaTeihjqskJa,u3:ckIu]°+}da5k¸ªdfikJa5g$a5ƒcws›Icfiqsmtk
ckdu¸za5kda{fiq@vjmb8aTe~cfimeiceiaf~c•„a5k¯qsklfimNcv5v5m›dklf,3b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkzta5kJaTfiqsv5eia5ga,ceiv~}da{eiv5ck¯¥fi›duH¤
fi}da)u‹¤Jkdchjqsv5¦moAoFeia5©‹›Ja5kdvTq@aT#moVza5kda5#qskb8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJ#°+q_fi} uJqsbdwsmtq@uza5kdmfƤHb8a55Sat† zH† Deim°
Š "!tŒ #$Va,u‹eiq@v~•]Š "!t&Œ %{(† 'OqskJqsfia¦b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mk]hjm‹uJa5wsAqskNb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk]za5kda{fiq@vTV}Ic,ƒ„a˜8aTa5kN›dga5u³oWme
uJaTv,ctuHa5rgqskdvTa+fi}Jan°mei•m)o 'Oqsgv{}JaT*e ¥+Š tŒt %{l®¯eiqszt}l,f ¥Š ŒHŠ %rckd.u -q@h#›Je~/c ¥+Š !&Ž %{†H|}daTqserhjm‹uJa5ws
}Ic,ƒ„a˜8aTa5k]›dga,u)fimj¥fi›IuH¤³uJq_«:›Jgq@mkNqsk]b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtkJ5:ckdu3HoWme$aTˆJchjbJwsatJfi}Ja¦aT«:a5vTfiAmoBza5kdaTfiqsv
uHeiq_o–f,†
µÆk¦v5mklfge~c¥f,,fi}daTmeiaTfiqsv,cw‹eiaTga,ceiv~}qsk¦zta5kJaTfiqsvncwszmeiq_fi}dhjOhcqskdw_¤$oWmlvT›dga5Smk¦fi}Jar}dcbdwsmq–u¦hjm‹uJaTw¨
qsk#°+}Jq@v~}a,cv~}qskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icw‹v5mkdgqs¥fiBmoZŠztaTkdmf¶¤Hb8atat† zJ†„³qsfiv~}daTw@(w ¥Š "tŽ %{†„|}Jq@Sza5kdmfƤHb8aqsSmo–fia5k
fi}da‚eia5bJeia5gaTk‹f~cfiqsmtkNmoycgmtws›Jfiqsmk³oWme$ckNmtbHfiq@hjqs´,cfiqsmtkNbHeimt˜dwsa5hN†
|}dqsbIcb8aTe¦qsk‹fgeim‹uH›dv5aT#c)oWmeihcwuHa5gvTeiqsbJfiqsmtkckIuq@hjbJwsa5hja5klf~cfiqsmtk¸monfi}JajuJqsbJw@mq@u¯hjm‹uJa5wyqsk
fiaTeihj¦monfi}Jajzta5kJaTfiqsv)cwsztmeiqsfi}JhNSckIuuHq@gvT›dgga5}dm,°>fi}dauJqsbJw@mq@uzta5kJaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}Jh v5ck˜8a
eia5bHeia5ga5klfia,uc¦c)Ncei•tmƒ]v~}IcqskZ8°+}dqswsa­cudcbJfiqskdz)’Vq_ˆckI1u 0Dmga $hjm‹uJa5wOckIu]kJmf~cfiqsm
k ”’‚qsˆ
ckdu 0ymtga+Š "&23#0ymtgaAŠ "&%{†t|}daruJa5gvTeiqsbHfiq@mk#mo8uHq@bJwsmtq@uza5kda{fiq@vcwsztmeiqsfi}Jhj5qsk#gqshjqsw@ceiq_fƤ°+q_fi}
fi}dauHa5gvTeiqsbJfiqsmtkmoD}dcbJw@mq@uNzta5kJaTfiqsvcw@zmeiq_fi}dhj5Im«:aTeiVcjo–e~chjaT°rmei•q@kN°+}Jqsv{}]v5mhjbIceiq@gmkmo
˜8mfi}hjm‹uJa5ws+v,ck³f~c•„aVbdw@cv5a†
6/78EH8[ 7ZCFE 9 ;
6 :AE <7CFK52,CW>1 =XFCF25E‹8[ d2,M7[E
5= 4
|}da+q@uJa5cVmo3›dgqskJzuJqsbdwsmq–u‹¤­qsk­za5kdaTfiqsvAcwszmeiq_fi}dhjyqsruHaTªIkJqsfiaTws¤#kdmfykdaT° #3?Vmtw@uJ˜8aTeiz¦ckIuj§‹hjq_fi}
¥Š "!&@lrŠ "&2"%g›Jztza5¥fia,uuHmthjqskIckdv5ajckIuuJqsbdwsmtq@u‹¤¯c¦c³hja,ckd$oWme#uH¤HkIchjq@v5cwSmtbHfiqshjq@´5cfiqsmtk3
ckdu¸eia5b8megfia,ufi}Jaªdei¥faTˆHb8aTeiqshja5klf~cwyckIu¸fi}Ja5meia{fiq@v5cwDeiaTg›dw_fi5†Spckd´5}dco ¥+Š !"!&%¦cwsgmNeia5b8megfi
aTˆHb8aTeiqshja5klf~cwDeia5g›dw_fickdu<uHqsgv5›dgga5­fi}Ja³hcq@klfia5kdckJv5amo$ƒceiq@c˜Jqsw@q_f¶¤ q@k<uJqsbJw@mq@u<ztaTkdaTfiqsvNcw_²
ztmeiq_fi}dhj5† Armg}dq@udcckdC
u BVuJcv~}dDq ¥+Š "E&%ckIC
u rmtwswsqskdz°rmlm‹u3F rmeikdat7ckdG
u AmtgH ¥+Š tŽ %uJqsgv5›dg
a5hjbJqseiqsv,cwZeia5g›Jw_fi‚cwsmtkdzjfi}Jaichjawsqskdat† $Vqswsw@qs ¥Š "&2%+›Jfiqswsqs´5a5‚cgb8a5v5q_ªI1v IÆuJqsbdwsmtq@Ku J)za5kdmhja$fim
a5ƒ„mwsƒ„a#gmegfiqskdz³kJaTfưrmei•‹Vqskc)vTm²ìa5ƒ„mw@›HfiqsmtkIceg¤]a5k‹ƒ‹q_eimtkdhjaTk‹f,† $$cudctuckIuxyqsv~L
• ¥Š "&@%V¥fi›duH¤
b8mtw_¤Hbdwsmq–u‹¤­ckIu­uHmthjqskIckdv5anƒta5vTfimeiDckdu­uJqsgv5›Jgga5ya5hjbdq_eiqsv,cwHeia5g›dw_fiBoWmeu‹¤Jkdchjqsv,cwJbHeimt˜dwsa5hj5†
MZa{°+q@5N
 $Vcegf,OckIO
u Aq_fiv{}JqsP
a ¥+Š "!&%#cbdbJws¤uJqsbdwsmq–u‹¤¯fim]kJmtkJ²ì¥f~cfiq@mkIceg¤bJeim˜dwsa5hjckduuJqsgv5›dg
fi}daTqseBb8a{egoWmeihckdv5a"† +¤‹ck#ckI/u rmtwswsq@kJ ¥Š "!&%SuJqsgv5›JgOfi}dab8a{egoWmeihckdv5armoI}dcbJw@mq@uckdu#uHqsbdwsmtq@u
ga,ceiv{}]cwsztmeiq_fi}Jhj5†
B±v5m›dbdwsa+mo:oFmeihcwJhjm‹uJa5wsB°aTeia‚cwsgm¦g›dzzta5¥fia5ujfim¥fi›duH¤#gmthjanfimtbJqsv5Deia5w@cfiq@kJzfim¦uJqsbdwsmtq@u‹¤­qsk
ztaTkdaTfiqsvncw@zmeiq_fi}dhj5†tprq@uH°ra5wsw ¥Š &Ž %Sckdu¦®eiqszt}lfBckdu#pDq–u‹°a5ws(w ¥Š "t&Ž %O}dcƒtar˜d›JqswsfSckIuuJqsgv5›Jgga,u
hjm‹uJaTw@+gqshjqsw@ce+fimfi}daVmtkdaTA›Jga,u³qsk³b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkNza5kdaTfiqsv55Q† ?‚eia5a5kJHa ¥Š "&%n¥fi›IuHq@aT‚uHqsbdwsmtq@uH¤qsk
uJaTv5a5bJfiqsƒ„aAa5k‹ƒ‹q_eimtkdhjaTk‹fiD›dgqskdz#coFmeihcw8hjm‹uJa5wI°+}Jq@v~})m«:aTeingmhjaAeia5g›Jw_fi5J˜J›Jfcfnfi}daAv5m¥f+mo
›dgqskJzjchjm‹uJaTw:°+q_fi}Nb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkdAmoOq@kHªIkJqsfiaVgq@´Tat†
B‚³v,ck‘˜8a¯ga5a5k oFeimh fi}dqs]wsq_fiaTe~cfi›Heiamƒ„aTeiƒ‹qsaT°+fi}daTeia}dc,ƒ„a˜8aTa5k‘f¶°mQhcqsk hja{fi}dm‹uJ³mo
¥fi›Iu‹¤Hq@kJz uJqsbdwsmtq@u‹¤ ckdu uHmthjqskIckdv5aqsk zta5kJaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dhj+ #R¥Š %)a5q_fi}da{eNfim ¥fi›IuH¤Qa5hjbdq_eiqsv,cw
eia5g›Jwsfimt˜Jf~cqskda,uoFeimh uHq@bJwsmtq@u qshjbJw@aThja5klf~cfiqsmtkJckIuv5mthjbdceiafi}da5ga)°+q_fi} }dcbJw@mq@u za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhj$mHe 2%+fim)qshjbJw@aThja5klf$c­oWmeihcw”3qskJªIkJq_fia#gqs´5a#hjm‹uJa5wSckIuuJqsgv5›Jgq_fiV˜8a5}dcƒ‹qsme,†:µ¶k
fi}dqsDbIcb8a{e,l°aAg›dztza5¥fAc$ªIkJqsfiaAb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkgqs´5a‚hjm‹uJa5wd°+}JaTeia5qsk)uJqsbdwsmq–u‹¤ckduuJmthjqskdckdvTa‚v,ck
˜8a³¥fi›duJqsa,u:Bckdu °+q_fi} °+}dqsv{} aTˆJcv{f ”¥fimlv{}dc¥fiqs8v %#eia5g›Jw_fi­v,ck ˜8a³m˜Jf~cq@kJa,u3S°+q_fi}Jmt›Jf­}Ic,ƒ‹q@kJz
fimeia5w_¤±mk±a5hjbJqseiqsv,cwVaTˆHb8aTeiqshja5klfi5†r|}da5gav,ck±fi}da5kQ˜8acbdbJw@qsa,uQfimvTmthjbIceia]}Icbdwsmtq@u ckdu
uJqsbJw@mq@u za5kda{fiq@v³cwsztmeiq_fi}dhj5Bb8mtggqs˜Jws¤¯°+qsfi}Jqsk fi}Ja5meiaTfiqsv,cwnkdmkJ²ì¥f~cfiqsmtkdceg¤lBu‹¤HkIchjqsv,cwrmejv5m²
a5ƒ„mws›Jfiqsmtkdceg¤a5k‹ƒHq_eimkdhja5klfi5†
=
C OXF68CWY79
® }Ja5k­uHq@bJwsmtq@uH¤#qsyvTmtkdgq@uHaTeia,uqsk­˜Jq@mwsmtz¤lta,cv~}qskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›IcwJ}dcSfưrm$}dmhjmtwsmtzmt›dyv~}Jeimthjmgmthja55
merfư+qsv5a‚fi}JaAchjmt›Jklfrmo7za5kdmfƤHbdqsvVqskHoWmeihcfiqsmtkj°+}da5kv5mhjbIceia,u­fim}dcbJw@mq@u3‹gqskdzw@aV¥fge~ckIuHa,u3
qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcws5†¦praTv,c›JgaQmov,cgv,ctuHa5mo)v~}da5hjqsv,cweia,cvTfiqsmtkdckIu eia5cvTf~ck‹fi5cwsw@aTw@aTqsk>˜8mfi}
ztaTkdmthjaTya{ˆJbHeia5gBfi}da5hjga5wsƒ„aT5˜J›JfBfi}daTqseD©l›Icklfiqsf~cfiqsƒ„aqsk d›da5kJv5anmtkfi}Janbd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsvaTˆHbHeia5ggqsmtk
uJq_«:aTei5†J|}Jq@eiaTg›dw_fiqskNcuJmhjq@kdckJv5a$ckIujeia5v5a5ggqsƒ„a5kJa5geia5w@cfiqsmkN˜8aTfưra5a5k)}dmhjmtwsmtzmt›dnza5kdaT5†
µ¶o3˜8mfi}cwsw@aTw@aT+ceiaAgq@hjqsw@ce,‹me}Jmthjmt´{¤Jzmt›J5„fi}daAbd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsvneia5g›dw_frq@rq@kduJqsgbd›Hf~c˜Jw@al˜d›HfD°+}Ja5k
fi}da{¤uJq_«:aTe,5q¨† at†,°+}Ja5k$fi}daDcwswsa5wsa5Sceiar}JaTfiaTeimt´{¤Jzmt›J55fi}da5q_e7bd}daTkdmf¶¤HbdqsvBaTˆHbJeia5ggqsmtk¦qsOuHaTfiaTeihjqskda5u
˜l¤fi}da5q_eAuJmhjqskIckJv5aVeia5w@cfiq@mkZ†
`$a5b8aTkIuJqskJzVmtkfi}da5q_eBbJ}da5kJmfƤHbJq@vDaTˆHbJeia5ggqsmkZq@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›IcwsS}Ic,ƒ„ancAv{}dckdvTamoIeiaTbJeim‹uJ›Jv5qskdzVfi}Ja5h­²
ga5wsƒ„a5nga{ˆJ›dcwsw_¤l†H|}dqsbHeimt˜Ic˜dqswsq_fƤ)qsicq@u)fim¦eia5w@cfiaVbJeimtb8megfiqsmtkIcwsws¤fim¦fi}da‚q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icws+ HªJfikda5g5
°+}dqsv~}qsk#fi›Heikv,ck˜8areiaTw–cfia,u#fimAfi}daqskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icws+ bd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsvDaTˆHbJeia5ggqsmtkJ53† BAkIufi}darmfi}daTeB°c,¤
eimt›JkIu:Zq_ofi}JaªdfikJa5gmonck¯qskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›Icwyv5ck¯˜8a­uJaTfiaTeihjqskJa,uo–eimth¬q_fi¦bd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsva{ˆJbHeia5ggqsmtk3
fi}daTkbJeimb8megfiqsmtkdcwHfimVfi}dqsOªdfikJa5gSfi}daqskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›Icw@B}dcƒtancVbJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsf¶¤mo8eia5bHeim‹uJ›dvTq@kJz$gaTˆH›Icwsws¤l†
® }Ja5k¸f¶°m³uJqsbdwsmtq@u¸q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icws¦ceia­ga5wsa5v{fia,u¸fimq@klfiaTe~cvTf¦qskga{ˆJ›dcwSeia5bHeim‹uJ›dv{fiq@mkZ3˜8mfi}¸qskIuHqs²
ƒ‹q@uJ›Icws°+qswswrvTeia5cfia)}IcbJwsmtq@u¯z„chjaTfia5¦fi}Jeim›dzt}fi}dajbJeimlvTa5gmo+hja5qsmtgqs5†O`$›Heiqskdz]hja5qsmtgqs5Zfi}da
qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsn›dkduJaTeizmza5kdauH›dbJw@qsv,cfiqsmtk °+}dqsv~}³hjqszt}lfnv,c›dga$h#›Jf~cfiq@mkdqsk)fi}da5q_e+ztaTkdmf¶¤Hb8a5 ckdu)}Jmthjmw@mztm›dnztaTkda5+ceia$gbdwsq_f+›db)ckdu)hja{eizta,ujfimtzaTfi}daTenfi}Heimt›Jzt}fi}daVbHeimlv5a5gnmoOvTeimggmƒtaTe,†
BAo–fiaTe+fi}dqs5Hfi}daqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcw +v5a5wswOuHq@ƒ‹q@uJaTnq@klfi.
m E}IcbJwsmtq@u]udc›dzt}lfiaTe+vTa5wsw@5da,cv~}Nv5mklf~cqskdqskdzj}dcw_o
cv5mbl¤moSfi}da$meiqsztqskIcw7bIceia5klf Aza5kdaT5†
® }Ja5kžfưrm‘ztchjaTfia55$v5mthjhjmkdw_¤žmeiq@zqskIcfiqskJz o–eimth f¶°m‘uJq_«:aTeia5klfqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcws5ceia—¥mq@kJa,u
fimtzaTfi}da{e)fi}Heimt›Jzt}<oFaTegfiqswsq@´5cfiqsmtk3+c¯kda{° uHqsbdwsmtq@u<v~}dqsw@uQmo$fi}daNmeiqsztqskIcwVbIceia5klf)q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icwsjq@
oWmeihja,u3†|}JqsSv{}Jq@w@u¦qsSc‚hja5h#˜8aTeZmoHfi}darb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkmodfi}JarkJaTˆ‹fOztaTkdaTe~cfiq@mkqsk¦fi}daraTƒ„mtws›JfiqsmkIceg¤
¥¤H¥fia5h cfA}dckIu:†
)t;
6 BE¸;6 :+2,4OCWHK BEH[
= µÆk]fi}Jq@VbIcb8a{e,8fi}da#uJqsbdwsmtq@u¸gq@hjbJwsa#za5kdaTfiqsvcwsztmeiqsfi}Jh¬qs$qsk‹fgeim‹uH›dv5a5u3† B·gqshjbdwsa#za5kda{fiq@v­cwsztm²
eiq_fi}dhžwsqshjq_fiOfi}daza5kda{fiq@vcwsztmeiqsfi}Jh·hcqskdw_¤¦qskq_fiBuJqsgvTeia{fiafiq@hjakdmtkH²ìmƒtaTeiw@cbdbJqskdzVb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkd
gaTfi›JbZlckIuq_fiyeia5bJeia5gaTk‹f~cfiqsmtkjmo3za5kdmfƤHb8a55„gqskJv5a+˜dq_fr¥fgeiqskJztrmkdw_¤ceiaAv5mtkJgq–uHaTeia,u:3† B Ncei•tmƒ
hjm‹uJaTw3moOfi}daVuJqsbdwsmq–ugq@hjbJwsa$zta5kJaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dh qs+bJeimƒ‹q–uHa,u3HckIu°a$oWmlvT›d+mtkztqsƒ‹q@kJzfi}daVuJaT²
gvTeiqsbJfiqsmk³mo3fi}da‚hjm‹uJa5w”†H§‹qskdv5a‚zta5kJaTfiqsv$mtb8aTe~cfimeioFmeAuJqsbJw@mq@uH¤­°+qswsw:˜8aV˜d›Jqswsf›dbmt›HfnmoZ}Icbdwsmtq@u
mtb8a{e~cfimei5d°aªdei¥f‚qsk‹fgeim‹uH›dv5am›Je‚qsk‹fia{eibJeiaTf~cfiq@mk]moyc­hjm‹uHa5w3oFme‚fi}da}Icbdwsmtq@uNgqshjbdwsaza5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhN3gm³°ra­v,ck¸eia5›dgaqsfikJmf~cfiq@mkqsk¸fi}JajuJa{ªIkdq_fiqsmtk¸morfi}da­uHqsbdwsmtq@uhjm‹uHa5w”)† BAoFfia{efi}da
qsklfgeim‹uJ›dv{fiq@mkfim)fi}da­uHqsbdwsmtq@uhjm‹uHa5w”8°ajg}Jm°·}Jm,°·qsf¦v5ck¸˜8a­gqsh›dw@cfia,u¸qsk¯c¥f~ckdudce~u¸}dcbJ²
wsmtq@u cwsztmeiqsfi}JhN†D|}dqseia,©l›dq_eia55Dcz„cqsk3Dgb8aTv5q_ªIv³za5kda{fiq@vmtb8aTe~cfimei­fimcvTfmkfi}da³za5kdmfƤHb8a5
qsk¯fi}da}IcbJwsmtq@u¯gqsh›Jw–cfime,>† B‚kq@hjb8megf~cklf¦v5mkdga,©l›daTkdv5ajmofi}dqs¦a,©l›dqsƒcwsa5kdvTajq@fi}Jao”cvTf#fi}dcf
eia5g›Jwsfinm˜Jf~cq@kJa,u)o–eimth fi}Ja5meiaTfiqsv,cw3eiaTga,ceiv~}³moS}Icbdwsmtq@ugqshjbJw@a‚zta5kJaTfiqsv¦cwsztmeiq_fi}dhj+cwsgmjcbdbJws¤
fimjuHq@bJwsmtq@u³gqshjbdwsa$za5kdaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dhj5†
®a$cv~•HkJm,°+w@a5uJzta$fi}JaVo”cvTf+fi}Icf,JvTmthjbIceia,uj°+qsfi}³a5hjbdq_eiqsv,cw8eia5ga5ceiv~}Nmtkat† zJ†dfi}Ja$b8aTegoFmeihckJv5a
moAza5kdaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}dhj­c#oF›dkdv{fiq@mk mtbJfiqshjqs´5aTei57fi}daNcei•„mƒhjm‹uJa5wrcbdbHeim„cv{}qsvTmtkdgq@uHaTeia,u
qsklfge~cvTf~c˜dwsa³oWmejeia,cwsqs¥fiqsvgq@´TaNhjm‹uJa5wsj˜8a5v5c›dga³moVfi}Ja³gqs´5aNmo$fi}da¥f~cfiaNgbdcv5a†r|}JqsjbIcb8a{e,
}dm,°ra5ƒ„aTe,BbHeimƒ‹q@uJaT#fi}da)oWmeihcwnhjaTfi}Jm‹uJ#fim¸˜8a)›dga,ufim¥fi›IuH¤¯ªIkdq_fia)b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk hjm‹uJaTw@mo
uJqsbJw@mq@u³zta5kJaTfiqsvcwsztmeiqsfi}Jhj5;† BAkIu°+qsfi}fi}da¦ctuHƒ„a5klfnmoBv5mthjbJ›JfiaTei°+q_fi}Nw@ceiza¦gv,cwsa¦hja5hjmeiqsa55
¥fi›IuHqsa5monNcei•„mƒ]v~}IcqskJ$°+qsfi}¸e~cfi}JaTew@ceizaj¥f~cfia­gbdcv5a5$ªdkIcw@w_¤¸˜8a5v5mhja5Veia,cwsq@¥fiqsvt† 'd›Jfi›Heia
°mei• ˜8aT¤lmtkdu fi}Jqs¸bdcb8aTeqskJv5ws›IuJaTNfi}daqshjbdwsa5hjaTk‹f~cfiqsmtk mo­fi}Ja Ncei•tmƒ hjm‹uHa5woWmeghcwsw
¥¤H¥fia5hj5JckduNuJqsgv5›Jggq@mkNv5mkdgq@uJaTeiqskJzjaTˆJcvTf+eia5g›Jwsfi+moOfi}dawsqshjq_f+˜8a5}Ic,ƒ‹qsmeAmoOfi}Ja5ga¥¤H¥fia5hj5†
¢ ,
*
S ~£RœA¡(
g ®a¦bHeimƒ‹q@uJa¦m›Je$qsklfiaTeibHeiaTf~cfiqsmtkmoD’‚q_ˆ]ckdu 0Dmga Vhjm‹uJaTw ”’Vq_ˆNckIu 0ymtgaŠ "&23#0Dmga)Š+%{
gm°ra­v,ck¯˜d›Jqsw–u›db8mk¸fi}Jagqshjbdwsa#zta5kJaTfiqsvjcwsztmeiq_fi}dh ckdu¸q_fiza5kdaTfiqsv­mb8aTe~cfimeifimNuJa{ªIkda#c
hjm‹uJaTw3moSfi}dauHqsbdwsmtq@u³gqshjbdwsa$za5kda{fiq@vcw@zmeiq_fi}dhN†
43= L³EHM7[CWK52,C MZa{
f ˜8arfi}JagbIcv5anmo:˜JqskIceg¤˜JqsfB¥fgeiqskJztB°+qsfi}#wsa5kdzfi} ¶q¨† at† OckI"u ! #!$ 2%Ɔ®¯aq@uJa5klfiq_oF¤
a,cv{}NhjaTh˜8aTerm&o ±°+q_fi}]ck‹›dh#˜8aT(e 'gI )'+* 2 †
MZa{f , ˜8a¦cb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkZ. ,/ 1“ 0.24350 37686767350:97; ¹ ™lIch›JwsfiqsgaTfn°+q_fi} 0:<+= oWmeV> )?'@*?AHdckdu
A"B! ,!8fi}dab8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkgqs´5at†O|}dqs¦¹ b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk
v5ckcw@gm]˜8a­eiaTbJeia5ga5klfia,u¸˜l¤¯cbJeimtb8megfiqsmtkIcw
b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkNƒ„a5vTfime +C ED C ¨& % 3 D C ¥8Š % 376867673 D C ! #!4F 8Š % % =HG  6I6 8Š JLK MK”J°+q_fi}
D C N ' %&OQPSRUT A
G 'VXW4J
3
uJaTkdmfiqskJz³fi}dajbHeimtb8megfiqsmkmo '‚q@H
k ,Og›Jv{}¸fi}Icf < D C N' %Y Št†Zµ¶o+cN¥f~cfia5hja5klfZ qs¦fgei›dat
dk mf~cfiqsmtk G Z[Jyqs$›Jga,ufimuJaTkdmfia)ŠtZq_oD¥f~cfia5hjaTk‹O fYZQR M q@$oWcwsgat†]\U^ G Z_JDuJaTkdmfiaTVfi}da#bJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤ
fi}Icfy¥f~cfia5hja5klf@Zq@Sfgei›Jat†3M3aTf&`NuJaTkdmfiafi}JangaTfymo3cw@wdb8mtggqs˜dwsa+b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtkJ, mo:gq@´TaaA‹†t|}daTeia
ceiba ! `@!dc ! #!7eXA A-F Š f b8mtggqs˜dwsa¦b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkd5†
MZa{h
f g Cji lknmoRuHa5kdmfia³fi}da)ªdfikJa5goW›JkdvTfiqsmkZB°+}dqsv~}<v,ckQ˜8a)eia5z„ce~uJa,u<c)c¸ƒta5vTfime :pC 
fi}Jeim›dz}fi}daq@uHa5klfiqsªdv,cfiqsmqk g Cr < sg C N' %D°+qsfi} : C = m o K M]K †
§HaTw@aTvTfiqsmtk³f~c•„a5+c#b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmttk , = `¯ckIuga5wsa5vTfiAckq@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icw8oFeimth fi}dcf+b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mkZJ˜Icga,u
mtk<c]ªdfikdaTgoW›JkdvTfiqsmt
k g C † MZaT>f u5v5w i `/kx eiaTbJeia5ga5klf¥fimlv{}dc¥fiqsv]ga5wsa5vTfiqsmtk3ybJeimtb8megfiqsmtkIcw
fim­ªdfikJa5g‚oF›dkJvTfiqsmty
k g C † Deimggmƒ„aTeqs$c­za5kda{fiq@vmtb8a{e~cfimeVfi}Icf+f~c•„a5‚f¶°mjbdceia5klf‚q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icws5
ckdu¯eia5g›dw_fi#q@k c]kJaT° v~}dqsw@uqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwDfi}dcfg}IceiaTbJeimb8aTegfiqsa5mo+fi}da5ga)bIceia5klfi5†B³›Jf~cfiqsmtk
gwsqszt}lfiw_¤v~}IckJzta5fi}Jajzta5kJmfƤHb8ajmoAckqskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icw”† Deimtggmƒ„aTeckdu¯h›Hf~cfiqsmtk¯ceiajeia5bJeiaTga5klfia,u
˜l¤fi}Ja¦¥fimlv{}dc¥fiqsvoF›dkJvTfiqsmtkd{ z i }|~k ckd"u  i €k eiaTgb8a5vTfiqsƒ„a5w_¤l†Iµ¶k]mfi}JaTe‚°rme~uH5
ga5wsa5vTfiqsm
k u5v5wBvTeimtggmƒ„a{be z ckIu h›Hf~cfiqsmt‚
k  ceiabJeim˜Ic˜Jqsw@q_f¶¤QuHqs¥fgeiq@˜J›JfiqsmtkJ­mƒ„aTbe Vyzq@ƒta5k
fi}daTqse+eia5gb8aTvTfiqsƒ„abIce~chjaTfiaTei 5†
qskdzµÆk<cza5kdaTfiqsv]cwsztmeiq_fi}JhNrc¸kdaT° za5kda{e~cfiqsmtk<moqskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icws­qsjvTeia5cfia,u fi}Jeimt›Jzt} gaTˆH›Icw
eia5bHeim‹uJ›dv{fiq@mkQmoga5wsa5vTfia,u bIceia5klfi­oFeimth fi}JaNv5›Hegeia5klfjb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk3†|}JaNbJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsf¶¤ fi}Icf)ck
qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcƒw ' = qsBztaTkdaTe~cfia,uoFeimhRc$b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtk , v,ck­˜8a°neiq_fgfia5kcv5vTme~uJqskJz$fimVfi}dqsybJeimlv5a5g
c
\U^ G 'yq@+za5kdaTe~cfia,uo–eimthl,-J R M R M R M R M
\U^ G u5v5w ,R%+ J[|h\U^ G u v5w ,R%VJ[|
U\ ^
 %+ |h\U^
E K%&-|
\U^ z 3 %+€' 6
¥Š
8%
‡VkdvTa¸fi}JabHeimt˜Ic˜dqswsq_fƤ±fi}dcf]c˜Jqsf³¥fgeiqskdzQ'­qsNzta5kJaTe~cfia5u o–eimth c b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mk}, qsN•‹kdm,°+kZ
i `~kj`¯ztqsƒ„aT+fi}Ja$b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsm~
k , moSgqs´5Ya A#moSfi}da$kJaTˆ‹f+zta5kJaTe~cfiqsmtk3d°+q_fi}NbHeimt˜Ic˜dqswsq_fƤ
A
\^ G qs+ztaTkdaTe~cfia,uoWmeihl,-J 3
< R M O P1RT G 'VXW4J% RT eia5bJeia5gaTk‹fifi}Jab8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk³ƒ„a5vTfimenfi}IcfAq@uJaTk‹fiq_ªda5, 
\U^
meAq_o
, %V€, R
\^
, %+€, R
A
\U^ G < R M NAD C N ' % % R T q@+za5kdaTe~cfia,uo–eimth,-J 3
°+}da{eiafi}danv5mh˜dqskdcfimeiq@cwJfiaTeih·uHaTªIkJa5Sfi}dak‹›dh#˜8aTeSmo:b8mtggqs˜dwsa+b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtkJyfi}dcfyv,ck­˜8an˜d›Jq@w_f
mt›HfAmoOfi}Ja$v5mtkJ¥fiq_fi›da5klfAqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsnmoBb8mbd›dw@cfiq@m~k , †
§HqskJv5a$fi}da$k‹›Jh˜8aTermoBb8mtggqs˜Jw@a¦b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mkda , qs+ªdkdq_fiatHkIchja5w_¤
! `!4 c ! #!Se‚A{F Š c ! #!7eXA-F Š 3
A
f
! #!%F<Š f
°a+v,ckuJaTªdkdarfi}Ja+i©‹›dceiafge~ckdgq_fiqsmtkjhcfgeiq_ˆ W°+q_fi}jgqs´5a ! `!8|! `@! %7fi}IcfDztqsƒ„aTyfi}JanbJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤ
oWmeya,cv~}b8mggq@˜Jwsanzta5kJaTe~cfiqsmtkdcwHfge~ckdgq_fiqsmtk T r T \U^ G ,R%Vs, J¨†lNcfgeiq_ˆ uHaTªIkJa5Bc‚¥fiaTbqsk
fi}da#Ncei•„mƒ³v~}IcqskNeia5bHeia5ga5klfiqskdz­fi}Ja}IcbJwsmtq@u]gq@hjbJwsaza5kda{fiq@vcw@zmeiq_fi}dhN†8|}da¦a5qszta5k‹ƒ„aTvTfimei‚mo
fi}dqshcfgeiq_
ˆ v,ck±˜8a]v5cwsv5›dw@cfia,uQfim¥fi›Iu‹¤ fi}JaNªdˆHa,u b8mtqsklfickIuQvTmtk‹ƒ„aTeiza5kdv5a]bHeimtb8aTegfiqsa5
mo#fi}da¥¤J¥fiaThcf}dckdu i µ¶o°a¯q–uHa5klfiq_oF¤ a,cv{} b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmt/
k , = ` °+q_fi} c ›dkdq@©l›da¸qsklfia5ztaTe
 )'* ! `! B°av,ck °neiq_fia³fi}da³uJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›Hfiq@mk<mo$b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mkdcjcƒ„aTvTfimeq@‚
?
k m{K K”† B ¥f~cfia
! = m{K ƒKmo‚mt›Hejcwszmeiq_fi}dh q@c]¥fimlv{}dc¥fiqsvNuHq@¥fgeiqs˜J›Jfiqsmtk mƒ„aTe#fi}dab8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtkJ­qs‚
k `yN† ?Vq@ƒta5k
ck¸qskdq_fiq@cwyuJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›Hfiqsmtk ! 2 8°ra­v,ck¸qskdq_fiq@cwsqs´5ajb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkd¦cf$zta5kJaTe~cfiqsmtk¯cv5v5me~uJqskdz)fimfi}dqs
uJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›HfiqsmtkZ† 'dmw@wsm,°+qskdzjfi}daVa5ƒ„mtws›Hfiq@mkNmo7fi}da$¥¤H¥fia5hN‹°+}dqsv~}Nqs+kdm,°‘uJaTªdkda,uc
!" #
"$!
23
°av,ck<uJa{fiaTeihjqskdajfi}dauJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›Hfiq@mk<moVb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkd­cfjza5kdaTe~cfiqsmtk&%8†S|}dqs­qs­a,©l›Icwrfimfi}da
aTˆHb8a5vTfia5u#uHq@¥fgeiqs˜J›Jfiqsmtkmodb8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJBcfBztaTkdaTe~cfiq@m2 'k %8q_o qsScbJbdwsqsa,u %‚fiqshja5OmtkcAb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtk
qskdq_fiq@cwsqs´5a,u]cv5v5me~uHqskdz­fimfi}Ja$qskdq_fiq@cwOuHqs¥fgeiq@˜J›Jfiqsmtk ! †
|}daDoWmtwswsm,°+qskdz¦ga5vTfiqsmtkJDzqsƒ„ab8mtggqs˜Jw@anqsklfiaTeibHeiaTf~cfiqsmtkJBmo8}JmQ
° u v5w1  ckdu z v,ck#˜8anv{}Jmtga5koWme
fi}day¥¤H¥fia5h‘cfO}dckdu3+† $‚m,°a5ƒ„a{e,5fi}day¥¤H¥fia5h uHaTªIkJa,u$qsk ¥8Š %3qsZzta5kJaTe~cw” ckdu$mfi}d a{eOqsklfiaTeibJeiaTf~cfiqsmtkd
mo7fi}damtb8a{e~cfimeiAv,ckN˜8a$v~}dmtgaTkNmƒ„aTenfi}damkda5+zq@ƒta5k³}JaTeiat†
3= 3EHXFEKt2,CF6I1
µ¶o¦bHeimtb8megfiq@mkIcwVga5wsa5vTfiqsmk qscgg›Jhja,u3yfi}da5k<fi}da]bJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsf¶¤<fi}dcf³ck±qskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›Icw{' = q@
ga5wsa5vTfia5u o–eimth cb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk?, qs­bHeimtb8megfiqsmkIcwnfimfi}daªdfikJa5g­moAfi}IcfjqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcw”yckdufi}da
bJeiaTga5kdv5a‚mo3fi}daAqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwIqskjfi}daAv5›JegeiaTk‹frb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk ,†‹|}Jq@rbJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤv5ck˜8aA°neiq_fgfia5kc
4 54
°+q_fi}
gC ŠtOX
† P1R M
OXP1R M P
\U^ G u v5wR ,R%+'NJ < D C N ' %5g C N' % 3
gC
D C W3%5g C 3W %juHa5kdmfiq@kJz¯fi}daNcƒtaTe~czaNªdfikdaTg)mob8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmk€,†y’VmfiaNfi}dcf
3= ;žM72+J2,CF681
€VkduJaTeBfi}Ja+cgg›dhjbHfiqsmtk­fi}Icfrh#›Jf~cfiq@mkqsr˜Jq_fư+qsgatla,cv{}j˜Jq_frqsk­fi}dan˜Jq_fr¥fgeiqskdz}dcDcbJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤ
³fim›JkIuHaTeiztm¦c I¶˜dq_f dqsb JJ†®anv,ck­°neiq_fia+fi}Ja+bJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤfi}Icfc$zqsƒ„a5kj˜dq_fy¥fgeiqskd
z +h›Jf~cfia5Sfim
˜8a5v5mhjanckJmfi}JaTeB˜dq_fB¥fgeiqskdz cycAbJeim‹uJ›JvTfBmoJfi}dah#›Jf~cfiq@mk#bHeimt˜dc˜dqswsq_fƤ¦oWmeya,cv~}qskIuHa5b8a5kduJa5klf
˜dq_f,H°+q_fi}
; ¹ \U^  8%+  ¥Š(F >% 6
4 < 2
‡‚e,Hq_o Q 3 %uHa5kdmfia5fi}da $$chjhjq@kJzuJqs¥f~ckJv5a$˜8aTf¶°a5a5k˜dq_f+¥fgeiqskdz¦ckIu ‹fi}daVbJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤ
fi}Icf¦h#›Jf~cfia5qsklfim qs+a,©l›Icw:fim
\U^  8%+ 
r ¥(
Š F >% ; r 6
43= [68K,K5K6 78EH[
?Vqsƒ„a5k³ceia$fưrO
m IÆbdceia5klf J­˜Jq_f‚¥fgeiqskJzt5 ckI"u !{†J®±}Icf+qsnfi}dabHeimt˜dc˜dqswsq_fƤfi}Icf+vTeimtggqskJz)mƒ„a{e+mo
fi}daTga$˜dq_fA¥fgeiqskdztneia5g›Jw_fiAqsk³cztqsƒ„a5k˜dq_f+¥fgeiqskdz ZJ°ra$kda5a5u)fimjuHaTªIkJ{a \U^ G z 3 ! %+ J¨†d|}dqs+mo
v5m›Jeiga¦uJaTb8a5kIuHnmtk³fi}Ja$vTeimtggmƒ„a{e‚oF›dkdv{fiq@mkN›dga5u)fim­vTeia5cfiakda{°‘v~}dqsw@uHeiaTkZ†
µÆkfi}da¦v,cga¦moD›Jkdq_oWmeih vTeimtggmƒ„aTe,Ia5ƒ„aTeg¤˜dq_f‚moSfi}daeia5g›Jw_fiq@kJzj¥fgeiqskdz }Ic‚c­bJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsf¶¤¯$Š #2
moO˜8a5qskdz­v5mbdqsa,uo–eimth bIceia5klf ckIumoS˜8a5qskJz­v5mtbJqsa,uoFeimh ¥fgeiq@kJ%z !T†
µ¶o < ¨> )Q'*%+uHa5kdmfia5nfi}d#a ''&(˜Jq_f‚qskN¥fgeiqskJz tJfi}Ja5k³fi}daVbJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤ³m)o ¦ckdu !nza5kdaTe~cfiqskdz
¥fgeiqskdz Nfi}Heimt›Jzt}³v{eimtggmƒ„aTe‚qsAa5©‹›dcw:fim
; ¹ * Š
G < < Jƒe Š G < +! < J-, 6
\U^ G z 3 ! %& J:
< 2
2
2
®a¦cgg›dhja$fi}Jq@+fƤHb8a$moyvTeimtggmƒ„aTe‚qsk³fi}dqsAbIcb8aTe,8cwsfi}Jmt›Jzt}Nq_f‚v5mt›Jw–uN˜8aa{ˆHfiaTkIuJa5u)fimNŠT²ìb8mq@klf
me .8²ìb8mtqsklf+vTeimtggmƒ„a{e‚f¶¤Jb8aT5†
43-= /
6 : t[68K,K5K6 78EHH[ d1O1
Y 0M7+2 J2,CF681
CWK52T[C–PSM72,C 7ZCF2~9±;
2 47E‹6I[3E 0 43= 5= 4687%9;:<=:>?=@  >AB<CD>:E>@GFIHKJLH@GFMH@L:?JLHNO<=:>?=@3P):Q3H@
R 3 3!
= iISUT G  Nz 3 K% %+V!pJ.
SUT
G z  % 3  K% %+V!pJ 6
|}dajbHeimlmoAmorfi}dqsfi}Ja5meiaTh¬q@gqshjqsw–ce¦fimNfi}dajbJeimlmo+moA|}Ja5meia5h EH† 2³qskO0ymtga ¥Š+"&%¦ckIuq@
fi}da{eiaToWmeia­mthjq_fgfia,uNoFeimh fi}dqs$bdcb8aTe,†3|}JqsVfi}da5meia5h qs$›Jga,u¸qskc)w@cfiaTe¥f~cza­moDfi}da#bIcb8a{e$fim
vTeia,cfia¦c­uJqsbJw@mq@u³hja5qsmfiqsvmtb8a{e~cfime,†
,
*
S ~£RœA¡(
g =
³L EHM7[CWK52,C
µÆk fi}daNuJqsbdwsmtq@u hjm‹uJa5w”Dck<q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icw+v5mtkJgq@¥fi)moVfưm}Icbdwsmtq@u<za5kdmhja55† B‚k q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icw+mo
fi}dauHq@bJwsmtq@uNb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtkqs+eia5bJeia5gaTk‹fia5uN˜‹¤³c­h›Jw_fiq@ga{fVmoyf¶°mjqskd¥f~ckdv5aTVm@o Vdat† zJ† “ ' 3 W‹™#°+q_fi}
' 3 W = V†H’VmfiaVfi}Icfn°a$}dcƒta‚fim›Jgac#h#›dw_fiqsgaTfngqskdvTa 'VXWv,ck³mlv5v5›He,†J|}da$gaTf+moBcwsw3b8mtggqs˜dwsa
uJqsbJw@mq@u#qskd¥f~ckdv5a5BqsBuJaTkdmfia5u˜l¤ Vfi}daga,ceiv{}#gbIcv5anmoJfi}danuHq@bJwsmtq@u#za5kdaTfiqsvncwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†l§‹q@kJv5a
fi}daVga,ceiv~}NgbIcv5a¦qs‚c#gaTfAmoSh#›dw_fiqsgaTfin°+qsfi}gqs´5a 2‹Hfi}dagqs´5amoSfi}Jqsnga,ceiv~}NgbIcv5a¦qs
! #!dc ! #!7e2-F Š ! #!+ ! #2 !Se±>Š % 2 ; ¹ e2 ; ¹
2
f
| }da¯bJeimlv5a5g]mojga5wsa5vTfiqsmk ckdu gaTˆH›dcweia5bJeim‹uH›dvTfiqsmk qsk uHqsbdwsmtq@u‘meiz„ckdqsghj]qs¸¥fgei›JvTfi›Je~cwsws¤
uJq_«:aTeiaTk‹foFeimth fi}da)}da5›Heiq@¥fiqsv³oFme}dcbdwsmq–u ga5wsa5vTfiqsmk ckdueiaTbJeim‹uJ›JvTfiqsmtk3rcuJa5gv{eiq@˜8a5u qsk fi}da
bJeiaTƒHqsm›d­ga5v{fiq@mkZ†F$Vm,°ra5ƒ„aTe,S°ra]ceia³c˜dwsa)fimeia5›Jgafi}da)v5mhjb8mtkdaTk‹fi#moVga5wsa5vTfiqsmtk3rh#›Jf~cfiqsmk
ckdu]vTeimtggmƒ„aTecuHaTªIkJa,uNbJeia5ƒ‹qsmt›Jgw_¤Nfimv5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTf$c)}Ja5›Jeiqs¥fiqsv#g›Jq_f~c˜dwsaoWme$¥fi›IuH¤HqskdzuHqsbdwsmtq@u
fge~ckJgq_fiq@mkd˜8aTfưra5a5k g›dvTv5a5a,uHq@kJz b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJ5†|}da5ga ¥fgei›dv{fi›Je~cw­uJq_«:aTeia5kJv5a5ceia<uJa5bJq@v{fia,u
gv~}da5hcfiq@v5cwsw_¤³qsk³ªdzt›Jeia#Št†
B ªdei¥f³bJeimt˜Jwsa5h(°+q_fi}‘uJqsbdwsmq–u‹¤ ceiqsga5°+}da5k cbJbdw_¤Hqskdz ga5wsa5vTfiqsmtk cv5v5me~uJqskdz fim c ªJfikda5g
oW›JkdvTfiqsmkuHaTªIkJa,u³mƒ„aTe )fimjfi}da¦qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsVqskNfi}Ja#b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mkd5I°+}Jqsv{}¸ceiakdm,° h›dw_fiqsgaTfi
mo}Icbdwsmtq@u q@kJ¥f~ckJv5a55†AµÆkduJa5a,u:nmtk a,cv{} wsmlv5›d]qsk mt›He]zta5kJmf¶¤Jb8a°akdm,°¬}dcƒtafưrmQcwsw@aTw@aT
bJeiaTga5klf,‚mkdao–eimth a,cv{}žmo­fi}da¯}dmthjmwsmtztm›d}Icbdwsmtq@u za5kdmhja5qsk‘fi}da¯h›dw_fiqsgaTf¸uHa5kdmfiq@kJz
fi}dauJqsbJw@mq@u qskJ¥f~ckdvTat†+µ¶o¦fưrm }dmthjmwsmtztm›d]cwsw@aTw@aTceiauJq_«:aTeia5klf,fi}Jacwsw@aTw@aT]mtk fi}IcfNwsmlv5›d
ceiav,cwsw@a5u }JaTfiaTeim´T¤Hztmt›J5nckIuQ°a}dcƒtaNfimhc•„a]cgaTw@aTvTfiqsmtk fim uJa5vTq–uHa]°+}dqsv{} mofi}daNf¶°m
cwswsa5wsa5‚q@+aTˆHbHeia5gga,u³qsk³fi}Jabd}daTkdmf¶¤Hb8at†H’$cfi›Heiagmtwsƒ„a5nfi}Jq@+v5mk dq@v{fVmoSbd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsv$aTˆHbHeia5ggqsmtk
fi}Jeim›dz} uJmhjq@kdckJv5a³eia5w@cfiqsmkd5† BAk cwswsa5wsa]fi}Icf)qs)icq@uQfim˜8auJmhjqskIcklf,Dqsfi}Jacwswsa5wsa¸fi}dcf
qs‚bJ}da5kJmf¶¤JbJqsv,cwsw_¤³a{ˆJbHeia5gga,u:J°+}JaTfi}daTe‚bJeiaTga5klf‚qsk³fi}Ja}daTfia{eimt´T¤Hztm›d Wfi}da}Jmthjmtwsmztmt›JVcwsw@aTw@aT
uJq_«:aTe %3meB}dmhjmt´T¤Hzmt›d Wfi}dar}Jmthjmw@mztm›dycwswsa5wsa5yceiarfi}Jarichj8a %3oWmeihN"† B‚SckaTˆJchjbJwsatq_od°ar›dga
fưrm¦˜dq_f¥fgeiqskdzrfimeia5bJeiaTga5klfncuJqsbdwsmtq@ujqsklfiaTeibJeiaTf~cfiqsmtkmo7c˜Jq_f¥fgeiqskdzH„°a‚v,ck)uJa{ªIkdaAc¦˜dq_fư+qsga
uJmhjqskIckJv5amb8aTe~cfime i k fimVeia5gmtwsƒ„a+v5mk dq@v{fiy°+}Ja5k­˜dq_fiBqskfi}dar}dmthjmwsmtztm›dyb8mtgq_fiqsmtkJ
qsk­fi}da+˜dq_fD¥fgeiqskdztruJq_«:aTe,†‹prcga,ujmtk­fi}Ja+˜dq_fư+qsga‚uJmthjqskdckdvTaAmb8aTe~cfime,l°a+v,ck)v{eia,cfia‚c$}Icbdwsmtq@u
˜dq_f7¥fgeiq@kJznfi}Icf7v,ck¦kJm°¯˜8aDa{ˆJbHeia5gga,ubd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsv,cwsws¤cv5v5me~uJqskdz+fim+}Icbdwsmtq@u$ªdfikJa5g7a5ƒcws›dcfiqsmtk3†
|}dqs+bJeimlvTa5gAeiaTg›dw_fi+q@k³ga5wsa5vTfiqsmtk]bHeimt˜Ic˜dqswsq_fiq@aT‚moOfi}daq@uJaTk‹fiq_o–¤JqskJz­uJqsbJw@mq@u³h›JwsfiqsgaTfi5†
praToFmeia+cAga5wsa5vTfia,uqskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›IcwHv5ck#f~c•„arbdcegfBqskgaTˆH›Icw‹eia5bHeim‹uJ›dv{fiq@mkZq_fB}IcOfimVbJeim‹uH›dv5aD}Icbdwsmtq@u
z„chjaTfia5Vfi}Heimt›Jzt}]fi}dabJeimlv5aTg$moDhja5qsmtgqs5>† ?$chjaTfiaTVqskga{ˆJ›dcw7eiaTbJeim‹uJ›JvTfiqsmtk¸qsk¸kdcfi›Heiaceia­c
hcwsa Bgb8aTeih v5aTw@wsymerc‚oWaThcwsa DaTztzt5†tµÆk#kIcfi›HeiattuJ›JeiqskJzVfi}dqsBhja5qsmfiqsvbHeimlv5a5g5„f¶°m$g›Jv5v5a5ggqsƒ„a
k‹›dv5wsa,cenuHq@ƒ‹qsgqsmtkJmlv5v5›Her°+q_fi}mtkdw_¤jmkda‚uJ›Jbdwsqsv,cfiqsmtkmo7v~}JeimhjmtgmthjaT5lbJeim‹uH›dv5qskdzoFmt›Jer}Icbdwsmtq@u
udc›dz}‹fia{e]k‹›dv5wsa5q”†A®a¯v5ck gqshjbJw@q_o–¤ fi}Jqs³fimQ˜8a›JgaToW›Jw¦q@k uJqsbdwsmq–u zta5kJaTfiqsv cwsztmeiq_fi}dhjckdu
›dga¸cvTeimggmƒ„aTemtb8aTe~cfimeNmkQfi}da]}Jmthjmw@mztm›d³}dcbJw@mq@u±v{}Heimthjmtgmhja5qsk ck±qskIuHqsƒHq@uH›IcwAfim
vTeia,cfiamtkJa$gqskdztwsa}dcbdwsmq–uz„chja{fiat† B h#›Jf~cfiqsmkmb8aTe~cfimeVv,ck³˜8acbdbJw@qsa,ufim#fi}Ja$}dmhjmtwsmtzmt›d
ztaTkdmthjaT5O˜8aToFmeia)vTeimtggmƒ„aTe#qs­cbdbdwsqsa,u:7fim]gqsh›Jw–cfia­fi}daaTegeimei#hcuJauJ›HeiqskdzuJ›Jbdwsqsv,cfiqsmkmo
v~}Jeimthjmgmthja5)qsk±fi}dabJeimlvTa5gNmohja5qsmgq@5†+³a5qsgmtgqsN°+qsw@w˜8a]eia5bHeia5ga5klfia,u cfi}da¥fimlv~}Ic¥fiq@v
mtb8a{e~cfime i ?k V†
|}danªdkIcwJbJeimlv5aTgDmoZbJ›Jfgfiqskdz‚fưmztchjaTfiaT ¦°+}Jq@v~}ceia+˜8mfi}­fi}daeia5g›JwsfDmo:hjaTq@mgqs ¦fimtzaTfi}da{e,
qsv5cwswsa,uQoWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmkZ†A|}daNeiaTg›dw_f³mooWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmk qsch›JwsfiqsgaTfmo¦z„chjaTfia55nckIu<fi}‹›Jck
qskd¥f~ckdv5amoBmt›JeAuHqsbdwsmtq@u³ga,ceiv{}³gbIcvTatQ† 'da{egfiq@wsqs´,cfiq@mk]qs+eiaTbJeia5ga5klfia,u³c i s|"?k †
µ¶o7°a$°ncklfAfim¥fi›IuH¤fi}Ja¦uJqsbdwsmtq@ueiaTbJeim‹uJ›JvTfiqsmtkdcw3gv{}Ja5hjatH°av,ck³°neiq_fia¦fi}Ja$bJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsf¶¤fi}dcf
ckJaT°>uJqsbJw@mq@uqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcw “ ' 3 W‹™ = qszta5kJaTe~cfia,u¸oFeimth c³uJqsbJw@mq@u¯b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtH
k , :°+q_fi}c
ªdfikJa5gnoW›JkdvTfiqsmt~k g deiaTw–cfia,ufimc#ªJfikda5gnoF›dkdv{fiq@mqk g C dfi}Heimt›Jzt}³fi}Ja$bJeimlv5aTgVmoBgaTw@aTvTfiqsmtkckdu
uJqsbJw@mq@ueia5bJeim‹uH›dvTfiqsmkNqskfi}da$oFmtwswsm,°+q@kJzj°nc5¤ i
\U^ G_“ ' 3 W‹™#qsAza5kda{e~cfia,uo–eimthl, @J r R M r R M
\U^ G u v , D%& “ ¹ 3 S™ J | \^ G u5v , %+
U\ ^ G K “ ¹ 3 U\ ^ G N' 3 W3%&
™"%&€'NJ | \U^ G “
“ ' 3 ‹W ™SJ 6
“ ¹ 3 ™SJ[|
¹ ™"%&XW4J[|
3
2"%
’Vm,° fi}Icf‚hjaTq@mgqs‚}dc+˜8a5a5kuHaTªIkJa,u³cVckNa5kdv5cbdg›Jw@cfiqsmtkmoBv{eimtggmƒ„aTeVckdu³h›Hf~cfiqsmtkmtb8aTe~c²
fimei5J°av,ckeiaT°neiq_fia¦a,©l›IcfiqsmtkO¥Š %c
\U^ G 'yq@+za5kdaTe~cfia,uo–eimtl
h ,-J R M R M
\^ G u5v5wR ,R%V J[|h\U^ G u v5w ,R%V J_|h\U^ G K “ 3 J™ %@'NJ 6
¨&Œ %
?Vqsƒ„a5kjfi}daAbJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsfiqsa5fi}dcfckqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcw “ ' 3 W‹™ = QqsrztaTkdaTe~cfia,uo–eimth cb8mbd›dw@cfiq@m"
k , ‚
°av,ck¸kJm,°:gq@hjqsw@ceVfimfi}Ja¦v5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTfiqsmtk¸qskga5vTfiqsmtkG2‹†sŠ7uHaTªIkJafi}dabJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fƤ³fi}IcfVckdaT°
b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmk , qsVza5kdaTe~cfia,u]fi}Jeimt›Jzt}Nfi}Jaza5kda{e~cfiqsmtk¸¥fia5b]moyfi}dauHq@bJwsmtq@u]zta5kJaTfiqsvcw@zmeiq_fi}dh
c
\U^
, +% }, A
< r P R M O r RT G “ ' 3 ‹W ™ “ :3 ¨™SJ%
\^ G “ ' 3 W‹™#qs+zta5kJaTe~cfia5uoFeimh , @J
< r P RT E3%
§HqskJv5anfi}daAkH›Jh˜8aTeBmo3b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJ(, qsk` Vfi}daAgaTfrmoOuHqsbdwsmtq@u­b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkd5‹qsDªdkdq_fiat„°ra‚v,ck
vTeia,cfia¦ct! ` ! | ! ` !Hhcfgeiqsˆ fim­}Jmtw@u)fi}JaVfge~ckJgqsfiqsmk]bJeimt˜dc˜Jq@wsq_fiqsa5
T r T \U^
* , D%+€, 3
fi}Icf,Ozq@ƒta5kc]uJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›Hfiqsmtk ! " moAb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkd#cf#mtkdaza5kdaTe~cfiqsmtkZ7fi}dauJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›Hfiqsmtk ! " o ¹ mo
b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkd#cffi}dajkd2 a{ˆHfza5kdaTe~cfiqsmtk v,ck¯˜8a)v5cwsv5›dw@cfia,u¯fi}Jeim›dzt} !" o ¹ !" † B‚kIu¸q_oVck
qskdq_fiq@cw+uHq@¥fgeiqs˜J›Jfiqsmtk ! mo‚b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJ­qsjcgg›Jhja,u3Zfi}da5kfi}da)uHq@¥fgeiqs˜J›Jfiqsmtk cfzta5kJaTe~cfiqsmk %
v,ckN˜8a$°neiq_fgfia5kc ! " " ! 2 † uHaTªIkJa5fi}daNcei•„mƒ³v~}Icq@k³moSfi}da¦uHqsbdwsmtq@u³gqshjbdwsaza5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhN†
µÆk)fi}da$oFmtwswsm°+qskJzga5v{fiq@mkd+°a¥fi›duH¤)}dm,° fi}dav5mhjb8mtkJa5klfinmoSfi}dqs+bJeimlvTa5g‚v5ckN˜8a$ªJfgfia,u)°+q_fi}
fi}da¸mtb8a{e~cfimei³mo#}IcbJwsmtq@u eiaTbJeim‹uJ›JvTfiqsmtk3†+|}dav5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTfiqsmtk cgg›dhja5)fi}Icf³v{}Jmtqsv5a5oWme³fi}da
}Icbdwsmtq@u ga5wsa5vTfiqsmtk3rvTeimggmƒ„aTeckdu h#›Jf~cfiqsmk<mb8aTe~cfimei)}dc,ƒ„a³˜8a5aTkQhctuHatBgqskdv5afi}daNuHqsbdwsmtq@u
gqshjbdwsa$za5kdaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dh eia5›Jga5nfi}da5gav5mhjb8mtkJa5klfirfim­˜d›Jqsw–u›db³q_fi+kIcfiqsƒ„a$mtb8a{e~cfimei5†
1 I>1 t1E I1OY±K5EHXFKE t25CF681
5= 4
6 0CW>
µÆk me~uHaTe­fim˜8aNc˜Jwsa³fim›JgaªJfikda5goF›dkJvTfiqsmtkdj˜8megeim,°a,u oFeimth }IcbJwsmtq@u<za5kdaTfiqsv]cwsztmeiq_fi}Jhj5
°a#}Ic,ƒ„a¦fim³uHaTªIkJac)uJa{fiaTeihjqskdqs¥fiqsv­uJmhjqskIckJv5amtb8aTe~cfime i k ‘fimcvTfmk¸fi}JauHqsbdwsmtq@u
qskd¥f~ckdv5a5BckIu°+}dqsv~}eia5g›Jw_fiSq@k#ckqskd¥f~ckdv5amodfi}JaD}dcbdwsmq–uga,ceiv~}gbdcv5a†µÆuJa,cwsws¤lcAuJmhjqskIckJv5a
mtb8a{e~cfime‚}Icnfi}daVoFmtwswsm°+qskJzf¶°m­bHeimtb8aTegfiqsa5 i ’Va5›Hfge~cwsq_fƤ
R ' = i K “ ' 3 'Æ"™ %&€' 3
ì‰ %
gqskdv5an°ra+°cklfD}dmthjm´T¤Hztm›dgq_fƤ#mo3˜8mfi}­uJmthjqskdcklfyckdueia5v5a5ggqsƒ„a+ztaTkda5BfimbJeim‹uH›dv5anfi}danvTmegeia5vTf
bd}Ja5kdmfƤHbdqsv$a{ˆJbHeia5ggqsmtk3IckIu¥¤HhjhjaTfgeg¤
R ' 3 W = i “ ' 3 W‹"™ %& K “ W 3 'Æ"™ % 3
¨&Ž %
˜8a5v,c›dga¦fi}da¦me~uHaTeA°+qsfi}Jqskfi}Ja¦h›dw_fiqsgaTfAqsVkJmfVuJaTfiaTeihjqskJa,u3dckdu³fi}dqsVg}Jmt›dw@uNkJmf‚g}dm,° °+}Ja5k
cbJbdw_¤HqskdzNc³uJmthjqskdckdvTamtb8a{e~cfime#mtk¸fi}da­h#›dw_fiqsgaTf,†7‡Vkda­g}Jmt›Jw–u¸bIc5¤cfgfia5klfiqsmtk¸fimfi}Jq@°+}Ja5k
qshjbdwsa5hja5klfiqskdz#c­uHmthjqskIckdv5a$mb8aTe~cfime,†
µÆkfi}Jav,cgaNmoVuJqsbJw@mq@u ˜Jqsf¥fgeiqskdzt5B°+}JaTeiaNck qskJ¥f~ckdvTa³qsc]h›dw_fiqsgaTfmRo 2]˜dq_f¥fgeiq@kJzt5Bfi}dqs
uJmhjqskIckJv5aBmtb8aTe~cfime7v,ck¦˜8ayuJaTªdkda,uVcOcn˜Jqsf¶°+qsgaDmb8aTe~cfime,g›dv~}¦cZfi}JFa B‚’V`meS‡ oW›dkJvTfiqsmtkJ5
oWme$°+}dqsv~}bJeimtb8a{egfiq@aT. ì‰ %AckIL
u ¨Ž %A}dmw@u3†3|}da#uJmhjqskIckJv5a¦mtb8aTe~cfime¦v,ckbJeia5g›Jhc˜dw_¤³ƒtceg¤N˜dq_f
˜l¤)˜dq_f,†
€VgqskJzVfi}danuHmthjqskIckdv5armtb8aTe~cfime,t°ra+v,ckfge~ckdgw@cfia‚cAªdfikdaTgBoF›dkJvTfiqsmtbk g C oFmeD}IcbJwsmtq@uqskd¥f~ckdv5a5
fimjc#ªJfikda5goF›dkJvTfiqsmtk³oFmeVuJqsbdwsmtq@u³h#›dw_fiqsgaTfinmoO}IcbJwsmtq@u³qskd¥f~ckdv5a5+fi}Jeim›dz}fi}daVq–uHa5klfiq_ªIv,cfiq@mk
g r < r P sg * “ ' 3 W‹™ %sg C K “ ' 3 W‹"™ % %
°+}dqsv~}aTkIc˜Jwsa5›d$fim)ga5wsa5vTf#uJqsbJw@mq@u¸qskd¥f~ckdv5aTbJeimtb8megfiqsmtkIcwsws¤¸fimªdfikdaTg$oW›dkJvTfiqsmtH
k g :°+}dqsv~}
qsneia5w@cfia,ufim#fi}dameiqszq@kdcw3ªdfikdaTg+oF›dkJvTfiqsmt~k g C fi}Heimt›dz}³gmhjq@kdckJv5amtb8aTe~cfime H†
; EHCF68K,CWK
=
³a5qsmtgqs‚q@Ac¥fimlv~}Ic¥fiqsv¦oF›dkJvTfiqsmtk i k fi}dcf+f~c•ta5+c­uJqsbJw@mq@uNctuH›dw_f‚ckIu)bJeim‹uH›dv5a5+mkda
me¦hjmeia­z„chjaTfia55†3µÆkkIcfi›Jeiat3hja5qsmtgqsbHeim‹uJ›dvTa5 q E³udc›dzt}lfiaTe¦ztchjaTfiaT$oFeimth¬mkda­vTa5wsw¨Zqsk
mt›HeztaTkdaTfiqsvjcw@zmeiq_fi}dh °amkdw_¤kdaTa,u¸mkdafim)f~c•„a#bdcegfqskoWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmkckdueia5bHeim‹uJ›JvTfiqsmtk¸mo
fi}daVq@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icw”†J®¯aV°+qsw@w7cgg›Jhja ЦckIufi}daTeiaToFmeia i ?k V†
³a5qsmtgqsqs¦cv5mh˜dqskdcfiqsmtk¸monh#›Jf~cfiq@mk¸ckIu¸vTeimtggmƒ„a{ec¦¥fi›IuHq@a5u¸˜8aToFmeia­qsk}IcbJwsmtq@uza5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhj5†BpD›Jffi}daTeiaqsmkdajoW›JkIudchja5klf~cwDuJq_«:aTeia5kJv5at†Sµ¶k¯fi}da}dcbdwsmq–u}Ja5›Jeiqs¥fiqsvtOf¶°m]qskIuHqs²
ƒ‹q@uJ›Icws+ceia˜8a5qskdz#v5mth#˜dqskda5ufi}Heimt›dz}v{eimtggmƒ„aTe+fim#oFmeih ckdaT° qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcw”†HµÆkuJqsbdwsmq–u)gaTˆH›Icw
eia5bHeim‹uJ›dv{fiq@mkZ8v{eimtggmƒ„aTe$f~c•„a5‚bdw@cv5a°+q_fi}dqskmtkda#ckJqshcw7fimbJeim‹uH›dv5a#cjz„chjaTfiafi}dcf‚ztmla5mk
fimoFaTegfiqsw@qs´5a°+q_fi}]ckdmfi}JaTeAz„chjaTfiat cAg›dv~}fimoFmeih ckJaT°‘uJqsbdwsmq–uq@kJ¥f~ckJv5at†
|}dqsnqshjbdwsqsa5fi}dcf,Hztqsƒ„a5k³ckq@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icw “ ' 3 W‹™ = Hhja5qsmtgqs+bJeim‹uH›dv5aTncz„chjaTfia h= Q°+q_fi}
bJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsf¶¤
\^ G “ ' 3 W‹™ %@ J\U^ G z  N' % 3  W3% %& J 3
˜Icga,u­mtk#fi}danbJeim˜Ic˜dqswsqsfiqsa5yoWmerh#›Jf~cfiqsmk­ckdu­vTeimtggmƒ„a{ecD¥fi›duJqsa,u˜8aToFmeiat†„’Vmfiafi}dcfy˜8a5v,c›dga
mo7fi}da5meia5h 2‹†sŠtJfi}dqs+bJeim˜Ic˜Jqsw@q_f¶¤³v,ck]cwsgmj˜8aV°neiq_fgfia5kNc
\^ G “ ' 3 W‹™ %@ J\U^ G  Nz N' 3 W3% %& J 3
q_onh›Hf~cfiqsmtkqs#c˜dq_f¦qskIuJaTb8a5kIuHa5klf¦mtb8aTe~cfime,7°+}Jqsv{}q@¦hjmeiajv5mt¥faT«:a5v{fiq@ƒta­q_o+v5mthjbJ›Jf~cfiqsmkIcw
fiqshja$}Icnfim­˜8aVf~c•ta5k³qsklfimjcvTv5mt›Jk‹f,†
E‹[2,CWXWC d2,CF6I1
= ® }Ja5k­fưrmz„chja{fia5r}dcƒtan˜8a5a5kjbJeim‹uH›dv5a5uoFeimth·fưrmuJqsbdwsmtq@ujqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcws5tfi}JaT¤­v5ckj˜8a+˜Jeim›dzt}lf
fimtzaTfi}da{eSfi}Jeimt›Jzt}fi}daDbJeimlv5aTgSmodoFaTegfiqswsq@´5cfiqsmtkfim‚vTeia,cfiac‚kJaT° uHq@bJwsmtq@uqskJ¥f~ckdvTat†µ¶oHoWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmtk
qsAc#oW›JkdvTfiqsmtk i s|"k Qfi}da5k)°a¦v5mt›Jw@u)°neiq_fiafi}da$bHeimt˜Ic˜dqswsq_fƤmoOoFaTegfiqsw@qs´,cfiqsmtk¸c
\^ G N' 3 W3%& “ ' 3 W‹7™ J] Š 6
’Vmfia­fi}Icf#qskzta5kJaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}Jhj57fưrmNbIceia5klficeiav{}Jmtga5kfim]cw_°nc5¤HbJeim‹uJ›Jv5acfwsa,c¥fmkda
v~}dqsw@u3ckdu#aTˆJcv{fiws¤mkdav~}dqsw@u#qskhckl¤¦v,cga55†®arcgg›dhjaDfi}IcfSf¶°m‚bIceiaTk‹fiOeiaTbJeim‹uJ›Jv5angaTˆH›Icwsws¤
fimztaTkdaTe~cfia¸mkdav~}dqsw@u3†n|}Jqs³qskJmfuJq_«:aTeiaTk‹fqskQfi}da¸uHq@bJwsmtq@u±zta5kJaTfiqsv¸cwsztmeiqsfi}JhNncwsfi}Jmt›Jzt}
oWa{egfiq@wsqs´,cfiq@mk­g}dm›dw@u˜8aD¥f~cfia,ucSck#mb8aTe~cfimeOfi}IcfO}Ic7fimA˜8arcbdbdwsqsa,u¦mtkfi}dayz„chjaTfia57eiaTg›dw_fiqskdz
oFeimhRfi}Ja‚hja5qsmfiq@v‚bJeimlv5aTgga5qsk˜8mfi}bIceiaTk‹fi5†„µÆkIuHa5a,u:„oWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmk³v5m›dw@uoFmeihcw@w_¤˜8aAwsaToFfnm›Jf
moZfi}da$vTmtkd¥fgei›JvTfiqsmtkmoObHeimlv5a5gR 2%{H˜J›Jfn}dcfim˜8aAf~c•„aTkqsklfim­cv5v5mt›Jklfn°+}da5k)qshjbdwsa5hja5klfiqskdzc
uJqsbJw@mq@u³zta5kJaTfiqsv¦cwsztmeiq_fi}dhN†
62,47E‹[³YZ6 0¯CW>
1 d1 tE¸K 47LE 0EHK
-= /
µÆk fi}da¯uJqsgv5›dggqsmk·c˜8mƒ„at‚c±uHq@bJwsmtq@u‘qskIuHqsƒHq@uH›IcwqsuJaTªdkda,u‘ccQh#›dw_fiqsgaTfmofưm<}Icbdwsmtq@u
qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcws5rckIu<c¯uHmthjqskIckdv5aNmb8aTe~cfime)q@v5mkd¥fgei›JvTfia,uQcv5v5me~uJqskdzws¤l† $Vm,°ra5ƒ„aTe,Bfi}dqsv5m›dw@u
˜8aNwsqshjq_fiq@kJzfim¯fi}Ja³mbJfiqshjqs´,cfiqsmtkQbJeimlv5a5gmo$fi}da]uHqsbdwsmtq@u<za5kda{fiq@vcwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†n³meia IaTˆHqs˜dwsa
ga,ceiv{}gbdcv5a5fi}Ick¯fi}dabJeimb8mtga,‚
u OckIumfi}da{e­uHmthjqskIckdv5a­eia5w@cfiq@mkd­v5ck˜8ajqsklfgeim‹uJ›dvTa,u
qsklfimfi}JaoWmeihcwOhjm‹uJaTw7moBfi}JauHq@bJwsmtq@u]zta5kJaTfiqsvcw@zmeiq_fi}dhNQ† B‚‚ckaTˆJchjbJw@aImtkJa#hjqsz}‹fAbHeiaToWaTe
fimv~}dmlmg#a ±c+ch›JwsfiqsgaTfmo7f¶°m#˜dq_fn¥fgeiqskdznmoOwsa5kJzfi} 247qskd¥fia5ctum+o ¶‹q”† at† Qqsfi}daVga{f+mo
h›Jw_fiq@ga{fiVmorgqs´5Ha 2lZmƒ„a{#e †3|}dauJmhjq@kdckJv5aeiaTw–cfiqsmtkZ3°+}dqsv~}¥fiq@wswBhcbJ‚fimfi}dameiqsztqskdc@w V
q”† at† i Qk VJmtk³fi}Jq@+kJaT° ga,ceiv~}NgbIcv5av,ckN˜8auJa{ªIkda5u³c
<o ¹ 3 ! < ! <o ¹ % 3
“ 3 !~"™ %+
<
2 :< ¹
°+}da{eia qs¦fi}dajv5mkdv,cfia5kIcfiq@mk mtb8aTe~cfimefi}Icfcv{fi#mk˜dq_f#¥fgeiq@kJzt5OckIu ¹ qs¦fi}dL
a I¶˜dq_fư+qsg+a J
uJmhjqskIckJv5a$mb8aTe~cfime$uHaTªIkJa,ucAoFmtwswsm,°+ i
¹ t HŠ Š, ŠŠ
  Š  
‹Š Š Š  Š
Š5    Š
ŠŠ  Š Š Š
°+}dqsv~}Nv,ck]cwsgmj˜8aV°neiq_fgfia5k]c
¹ :0 20 ¹ 3$2 ¹ +% ¹ ¹ % % 0:2
2 %G 0:2 $2 % % 0 ¹ ¹ % % 6
µÆkfi}dqsnuHmthjqskIckdv5a‚gv{}Ja5hjatlfi}JaVga5v5mkIu)˜dq_f+uJa{ªIkdaTrfi}da$za5kda" na{ˆJbHeia5ggqsmtk)°+}da5k)aTˆHbJeia5gga5uqsk
}dmhjmt´T¤Hzmt›dgq_f¶¤]me¦qsk¸}daTfiaTeim´T¤Hztm›dgq_fƤ]°+q_fi}fi}daza5kdafi}Icf}Icck¸a,©l›IcwSga5v5mtkdu˜Jqsf,†:µ¶k]fi}da
}da{fiaTeimt´T¤Hzmt›d#v,cgaBq¨† at†7°+}da5k ˜8mfi}}Jmthjmw@mztm›dza5kdaT+ Bga5v5mtkdu˜dq_fi­ceia³uHq_«:aTeiqskdzJ7fi}dajªdei¥f
˜dq_f¦uHaTfiaTeihjqskdaTVfi}dauJmthjqskdckdvTa#eia5w@cfiqsmkZ†7|}daªJei¥f¦˜dq_fqs$fi}daTeia{oWmeiajv5cwswsa,u¯c)hjm‹uJq_ªIaTe$˜dq_fme
hjm‹uJq_ªdaTe+zta5kJat†J’Vmfia$fi}dcfnfi}Jq@AuHmthjqskIckdv5a$gv~}daThja$v5mthjbJwsq@aT+°+q_fi}NbHeimtb8aTegfiqsa5R ì"‰ %+ckIP
u ¨&Ž %{†
|}dqsVuJmthjqskdckdvTagv{}Ja5hja}dmw–uHAf¶°mjmfi}daTe‚›dgaToF›dwZbJeimtb8a{egfiq@aT5† 'Oq_ei¥f,8qskNv5mtklfge~c¥fV°+q_fi}]˜dq_fư+qsga
B‚’‚`QckIu‡ oF›dkJvTfiqsmtkd5fi}Jq@BuHmthjqskIckdv5ayeia5w@cfiqsmtk#eia5g›dw_fiSqsk›Jkdq_oWmeihjws¤uHqs¥fgeiq@˜J›Jfia,u¦aTˆHbJeiaTgga,u
˜dq_f¸¥fgeiqskdz¸°+}Ja5k fi}da}Jmthjmw@mztm›d¸zta5kJa5¸ceia v{}Jmtga5k ›dkdq_oFmeihjw_¤l‚°+}Jqsv{}žqs¸¥f~cfia,u‘q@k‘fi}da
oWmwsw@m,°+qskdzjfi}Ja5meia5h i
2 47E‹6I[3E 0 = = R ' = S“ 0 2 350 3 2 3 ™ 3 R = “  3 Š™ i SUT G '[ JhŠ #"2 R = “  3 Š™ i
SUT G ¹ 0 2 0 ¹ 3 2 ¹ %+ J:žŠ #"2 ¹ ¹
NO?$?6 ®¯a)°+qswsw+bJeimƒ„afi}dafi}da5meia5h
oFme­fi}Jav5cga ‹S°+}dqsv{} v,ck a5cgqsw_¤<˜8actuJcbHfia,uoWme
Št†
22 ¹
¹
0:2
22 2
2
!
!
!
!
$2
%P 0:22 % %
>2 r
¹
> 2 ¹
0
>2 >2 o
¹ o
>2 o
>2 o
"
¹¹
¹
22 ¹
¹
2¹ 2
¹
!
!
!
!
¹¹ 2
2
!
!
!
!
22 oo
¹o
2o
#
'd›Hegfi}daTeihjmeiatJc­h›Jf~cfiqsmtk³qsk³fi}Ja$ªdei¥fAmoBfi}JaVfưrmj˜dq_fi‚v~}Ickdza5nfi}da¦uJmhjqskIckJv5abJeimb8aTegfiqsa5Amo
fi}daVzta5kJa¦cf+fi}da$gaTv5mtkdu˜dq_f,Jkdmf+qsfi+aTˆHbHeia5ggqsmtk³°+}Ja5k³hcfiv{}Ja,u)°+q_fi}NcGIÆ}da{fiaTeimt´T¤Hzmt›dAztaTkda+JH†
B‚7c+eiaTg›dw_f,,fi}dqsSuHmthjqskIckdv5aygv{}Ja5hjaBqsk‹fgeim‹uH›dv5aTScA˜Jq_fư+qsgauHmthjqskIckdv5atTfi}IcfOv,ckc›Hfimthcfiq@v5cwsw_¤
˜8a$eia5z›dw@cfia,u)°+qsfi}JqskNa,cv~}NmoOfi}da$qskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›Icw@+qsk³fi}Jacwsztmeiq_fi}dh ‚b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkd5†
‡‚fi}da{eNuHmthjqskIckdv5aNeia5w@cfiq@mkdg}Jq@bJ5+g›dv~} chcg•‹5}dcƒta¸˜8aTa5k uJa5gv{eiq@˜8a5u±q@k ¨pDq–u‹°a5wsw­+Š tŽ #
rmtwswsqskdz°mlm‹u3;
 rmeikJat‹ckI.u Amtg+Š KŽ #?‚eia5a5kJaŠ "K#$Vctudcujckdujxyqsv~•³Š "&@#KM3aT°+qs5 $$cegf,lckdu
Aqsfiv~}dqsa+Š "!K#3§‹hjqsfi}ckdu ?Vmw–uH˜8aTeizNŠ "&2"%{†
.'& \XF68CWYZ9
%= $
B‚kJmfi}JaTeaTˆ‹fia5kJgqsmtk³mo7fi}JaVuHq@bJwsmtq@uhjm‹uHa5w8qsrfimqskdvTw@›duJ
a .:²ìbJw@mq@uH¤l†‹µÆk)ck .8²ìbdwsmtq@u)hjm‹uJa5w”l°+}dqsv~}
qsDkJmfDv5mthjhjmkqsk­kdcfi›Jeia„mtkJanqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwdqsDuJaTªdkda,u#crcVh›JwsfiqsgaTfymo .}Icbdwsmtq@uza5kdmfƤHb8a55†„µ¶k
fi}daruJqsbdwsmq–u¦hjm‹uJaTw‹uJa5gvTeiqs˜8a,uc˜8mƒ„a,fi}darga5ceiv~}gbIcv5a ¯v5cka,cgqsw_¤˜8actuJcbHfia,u¦fimAfi}dayga,ceiv~}
gbIcv5amo7fi}da .8²ìbdwsmtq@u³hjm‹uHa5w”‹fi}da$gaTfAmoSh›JwsfiqsgaTfi+uHa5kdmfiqskdz#fi}Ja$b8mtggqs˜Jw@Ba .8²ìbdwsmtq@u)q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icws5†
|}da}Ja5›Jeiqs¥fiqsvtduJmhjq@kdckJv5aVeia5w@cfiqsmkZ8ckIu³hjaTq@mfiqsvmtb8aTe~cfimeAv,ck³˜8a¦ctudcbJfia,ucv5vTme~uJqskJztw_¤l†
i¢r *
œ+¡)
g ¢
¢ ,
S {£
?Vqsƒ„a5k]cjuHqsbdwsmtq@uNgqshjbdwsaztaTkdaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}dh °+qsfi}]ga5ceiv~}]gbIcvTa? “1“ 0_3 ™ ! 0 3 = A™„d°+q_fi}
ªdfikJa5g¦oW›dkJvTfiqsmtkQg BuJmhjqskIckJv5ajmtb8a{e~cfime H7ga5wsa5vTfiqsmtkoF›dkdv{fiq@mk‚u OckIuza5kda{fiq@vmb8aTe~cfimei
hja5qsmtgqs ckduQoWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmtk Or°ra¸kJm,° g}Jm° fi}Icf)fi}JaTeiaaTˆHqs¥fi³c}dcbdwsmq–u gqshjbdwsa]za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dh qskNga,ceiv{}Ngbdcv5aY jfi}Ja$ga,ceiv{}]gbdcv5amoS˜dq_fA¥fgeiqskdzt+°+q_fi}Nwsa5kdzfi} 2%¶d°+q_fi}³ªJfikda5g
uJa{fiaTeihjqskIcfiqsm~k gZdvTeimggmƒ„aTae zNckIuh#›Jf~cfiq@mhk ZH°+q_fi}Na,©l›dqsƒcwsa5klfn˜8a5}dcƒ‹qsmeAmoOfi}dauHqsbdwsmtq@u
gqshjbdwsaBzta5kJaTfiqsvrcwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†5®aSªdei¥f7uJqsgv5›JgZ}Jm,°¯fimnqshjbdwsa5hja5klf3cnztaTkdaTfiqsvDcwsztmeiqsfi}Jh fim+gqsh›Jw@cfia
uJqsbJw@mq@uH¤l8ckIuNcoFfiaTeg°ce~uH$›dgafi}dqs+fimjv5mthjbdceiafi}da˜8aT}Ic,ƒ‹q@me$moSfi}da¦meiqsztqskdcwS}Icbdwsmtq@uNza5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dh fimfi}dcf+moSfi}Ja$gqsh›Jw–cfiqsmtkNmoOfi}dauHqsbdwsmtq@uNcw@zmeiq_fi}dhN†
µÆk³me~uJa{eAfimjgqsh#›dw@cfia$fi}Ja¦uJqsbdwsmtq@u]cw@zmeiq_fi}dh qsk]c­}Icbdwsmtq@uNgqshjbdwsaza5kdaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dhNJ°aªdei¥f
qsklfgeim‹uJ›dvTa³fi}da]ga,ceiv{}QgbIcvTa]mo˜Jqsf¥fgeiqskJztoWmefi}JaNgqsh›dw@cfiq@kJz}Icbdwsmtq@uQza5kda{fiq@vcwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†
BAo–fiaTeg°nce~uJ5D°a]›dgaNuJmthjqskdckdvTa³fimgqsh›Jw–cfia³fi}daNªJfikda5guHaTfiaTeihjqskIcfiqsmtkQmoc˜Jqsf)¥fgeiqskdz¯mo
wsa5kdzfiO
} 2%¶†8®acwsgm³qsklfgeim‹uJ›Jv5agb8a5v5q_ªIv­v{eimtggmƒ„aTe¦ckIuh›Hf~cfiqsmtk]mb8aTe~cfimei$fim³cvTfmtk¸mt›He˜dq_f
¥fgeiqskdzAmoBwsa5kdzfi1} 247fi}dcf+gqsh›Jw–cfia¦uJqsbdwsmq–u˜dq_f+¥fgeiqskdzt5†
’VmfiaQfi}Icf fi}daQoFmtwswsm°+qskJzRuHqsgv5›dggqsmtk qs ˜dqsmw@mztqsv,cw@w_¤ q_egeia5wsa5ƒcklf,†|}daTeia ceia gmthjaQoFmeihcw
eia5g›Jwsfino–eimth fi}daVgq@h#›dw@cfiqsmkNmoBuHqsbdwsmtq@u³gqshjbdwsa$za5kda{fiq@v¦cwsztmeiq_fi}JhjAqsk}IcbJwsmtq@u³gqshjbdwsa$za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhj5†
7= 3Ed[4±K+ ;E
MZa{fq
uJa5kJmfia¸fi}da¯ga5ceiv~} gbIcv5amojcwsw¦˜dq_f]¥fgeiqskJztN°+q_fi} wsa5kJzfi} 24¶†‚µ¶o5 3 ! = ¬ceia˜dq_f
¥fgeiqskdzN°+qsfi} wsa5kdzfi}¶nfi}Ja5k w@a{f
!³uJa5kJmfia¸fi}da I¶me~uHaTeia,uJ<v5mtkJv,cfiaTkIcfiqsmk mo¥fgeiqskdzt
ckdV
u !TD°+qsfi}
! = †A³meiagb8a5vTqsªdv,cwsw_¤l+gqskdv5a¸cw@waTw@aThja5klfiqsks ceiaq@uHa5klfiqsªda,u<°+q_fi}
ck qsklfia5zaTe³k‹›Jh˜8aTe,y°a]°+qswsw$›dga fimv5mtkJv,cfia5kdcfiafi}da¥fgeiqskdz³g›dv~}Qfi}dcf)fi}da]˜dq_f¥fgeiqskdz
°+q_fi}]fi}da¦w@ceiztaT¥fq@uJa5klfiq_oF¤Hqskdzqsklfia5ztaTe$q@‚v5mtkJv,cfiaTkIcfia5u¸coFfiaTeVfi}da¦˜dq_f$¥fgeiqskJz°+q_fi}]fi}da¦ghcw@wsa5¥f
q@uJa5klfiq_oF¤Hqskdzqsklfia5zta{e,(† B‚ck¸a{ˆdchjbdwsat8q_oD˜dq_f$¥fgeiqskJztceiaq@uJa5klfiq_ªIa5u³°+qsfi}fi}daTqseV˜dqskIceg¤]k‹›dh#˜8aTe
eia5bHeia5ga5klf~cfiqsmtk3IHŠ Š5H{Š Š,‹Š H-Š tHŠŠ,‹Št†
µÆkJ¥fia,ctumor›dgqskdzh›JwsfiqsgaTfi‚qskfi}dauJqsbdwsmq–ugqshjbdwsaza5kda{fiq@v­cwsztmeiqsfi}JhN:°a°+qswswB›dgajc}Icbdwsmtq@u
˜dq_f‚¥fgeiqskdzmoywsa5kdzfiP
} 24Sfim­eia5bJeiaTga5klf‚fi}Jaza5kdmfƤHb8a5‚moDuJqsbdwsmq–uNqskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›Icw@‚qskNfi}da¦gqsh›dw@cfiq@kJz
}Icbdwsmtq@uztaTkdaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†xDcv{}¦qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcw”5eia5bHeia5ga5klfia,u¦c7cn˜dq_fO¥fgeiqskdzAmoHwsa5kJzfi} 24¶vTmtklf~cqskd
fi}da¦fưrm}dmthjmwsmtztm›d$za5kdmfƤHb8a5 N˜Jq_fV¥fgeiqskdz$moDwsa5kdzfiy
} v5mkdv,cfia5kIcfia,uNfi}Jeimt›Jzt}mtb8a{e~cfime
&† ?Va5kdaTfiqsvnmb8aTe~cfimeirceianv5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTfia,u¦fimcv{fDmkfi}daTgazta5kJmf¶¤Jb8aT5„ckIu›Jgarfi}danv5mkdv,cfia5kIcfiqsmtk
mtb8a{e~cfime a{ˆHfiaTkdgqsƒ„a5w_¤žfim gqsh›Jw–cfia<fi}Ja<h#›dw_fiqsgaTfi¯qsk·fi}da meiqsztqskIcw³uHqsbdwsmtq@u·gq@hjbJwsa<za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhN(† BAceiaTg›dw_f,8fi}dagb8a5v5q_ªIv#v5mtkJv,cfiaTkIcfiqsmk¯mtb8a{e~cfime$q@gqshjqsw@ce$fimfi}daqsklfgeim‹uJ›dv{fiq@mk
moZh›Jw_fiq@ga{fiDqskjfi}da+ga,ceiv{}gbIcv5{a <mo3fi}da+meiqszq@kdcw:uHq@bJwsmtq@ujgq@hjbJwsa‚za5kdaTfiqsv‚cwsztmeiq_fi}dhNl°+}dqsv~}
cwswsm,°+#oFmefi}da­gqsh›Jw@cfiqsmtkmonfi}dauHq@bJwsmtq@u¯ztaTkdaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dh qskc³¥f~ckdudce~u¯}Icbdwsmtq@u¯za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhN†
µÆk#fi}da+gqsh›dw@cfiq@mkjmo:fi}daAuHq@bJwsmtq@u­zta5kJaTfiqsvVcwsztmeiq_fi}JhN„fi}da+}daT›Jeiqs¥fiqsv+°+qswsw8kdmfr›Jganfi}daoW›JwswIga,ceiv~}
gbIcv5am&o † B‚wswZmtb8aTe~cfiq@mkd+°+qsw@wZ˜8a¦uJaTªdkda,u)›dgqskdz#fi}da$v5mkdv,cfia5kIcfiqsmtk]mtb8a{e~cfime Jq@k³g›dv~}Nc
°nc5¤­fi}dcfDfi}da+qskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsztaTkdaTe~cfia,u­°+qsfi}jfi}Ja‚za5kdaTfiqsv‚mtb8aTe~cfimeimoZfi}JaAgqsh#›dw@cfiqskdzcw@zmeiq_fi}dh
mtkJw_¤³mlv5vT›dbl¤
S“ 0t= ! 3 3 ! = i 0 !~™ 3
°+}dqsv~}qs¦c)g›d˜dga{fmorga,ceiv~}gbdcv5a> †>BAwswSzta5kJaTfiqsv­mtb8aTe~cfimeiuJa{ªIkda5u]oFmefi}Jagqsh›Jw–cfiqsmtk¸mo
fi}daAuHq@bJwsmtq@ujzta5kJaTfiqsvVcw@zmeiq_fi}dh>°+qsw@w8hcbfimZ†l’Vmfianfi}Icf,toWmecztqsƒ„a5kjwsa5kJzfi}h¶! [!! #! †
|}dqs‚q@hjbJwsq@aT‚fi}Icfcw@w7a5wsa5hja5klfi “ ' 3 W‹™ = ‘}Ic,ƒ„a¦aTˆJcv{fiws¤Nmtkda¦eia5bHeia5ga5klf~cfiklf‚q@kyZ8kdchja5w_¤
' WJ†
|}dqseia5¥fgeiqsvTfiqsmtk cw@wsm,°+N›J5rmk mtkda]}dckdu3yfimgq@h#›dw@cfiaNfi}Ja]h›JwsfiqsgaTfi›Jga,uQqskQfi}dauHqsbdwsmtq@u
ztaTkdaTfiqsv¦cwszmeiq_fi}dhNIckIu)¥fiqsw@w3°mei•)qsk]c#gq@hjbJwsa$zta5kJaTfiqsvcwsztmeiqsfi}JhNJ°+}JaTeiagqskdzw@a¦¥fge~ckIuJa5u˜dq_f
¥fgeiqskdz‚ceiacgg›dhja5u)fimeia5bHeia5ga5klfAck³q@kduJqsƒ‹q@uJ›Icw +za5kdmfƤHb8at†
75= 4
\‚;6 OMOX d25CF681OK
MZa{
f , uJa5kJmfiajc³b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkmo+cNuJqsbJw@mq@ugqshjbdwsa­za5kdaTfiqsvcw@zmeiq_fi}dhN†Z`$aTªdkda­q_fi¦a,©l›dqsƒcwsa5klf
b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkNmoSfi}Ja$gqsh›dw@cfiq@kJz­}Icbdwsmtq@u³za5kda{fiq@v¦cwsztmeiq_fi}JhN. , , Vdc
,b “
!7! L 3 ! = i “ 3 !~™ = , +™ 3
°+}da{eiafi}Ja#k‹›dh#˜8aTeAmoyqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcws “ 3 !~™qsy
k , qs$a,©l›dcw7fimjfi}da¦k‹›dh#˜8aTeAmoDqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcws !
qs~k , †J’Vmfia$fi}Icfnfi}dqs+bJeimtb8a{egfƤ)qs+eia5©‹›Jq_eia,ugqskdvTab8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJVceia˜d›dqsw_f+›db³cAh›JwsfiqsgaTfi5†
|}dqsOfge~ckd¥oWmeihcfiqsmtkoFeimh uJqsbdwsmq–u¦b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkdOfimVb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkdO°+q_fi}qskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsSm.o #g}dm›dw@u
˜8a+f~c•„a5kv,ceiaVmo7qsk)ckqshjbdwsa5hja5klf~cfiq@mkjmo3fi}daAgqsh›dw@cfiq@kJz¦}IcbJwsmtq@u)gqshjbJw@aAztaTkdaTfiqsv$cwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†
µÆkduJa5a5u3Hgqskdv5a¦b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkd{ , v,ck]mkdw_¤v5mtklf~cqskN˜Jq_f‚¥fgeiqskJztAmoSfi}daVw@qshjq_fia,u³ga5ceiv~}]gbIcvTa 
°+}dqsv~}qsc³g›d˜JgaTfmo 3fi}da­qshjbJw@aThja5klf~cfiqsmtkmofi}Jajgq@h#›dw@cfiqskJz³ztaTkdaTfiqsv)cwsztmeiq_fi}dh g}dm›dw@u
˜8awsqshjq_fia,u]fim)fi}Jq@g›J˜dgaTf,(† BAkq@kJq_fiq–cwDb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtk¸v,ck˜8a­uJa{fiaTeihjqskda,u]qsk¯cfwsa,c¥ff¶°m)°nc5¤H5†
|}daAqskdq_fiq@cwsqs´,cfiqsmk³mo3fi}dqsyb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk)g}dm›dw@u­a5q_fi}da{erf~c•ta‚v,ceia‚mo:fi}dqs5‹meDfi}da+qshjbdwsa5hja5klf~cfiqsmk
g}dm›dw@u­f~c•„aAv,ceiaVmoZce~ckduJmthjw_¤q@kJq_fiq–cwsq@´Ta,u)b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtk)mƒtaT(e ˜‹¤v5mtk‹ƒ„a{egfiq@kJzckl¤­˜Jqsfr¥fgeiqskdz
qs
k <fimqsfi­eiaTbJeia5ga5klf~cfiq@ƒtaNqs
k Zyq”† a†r˜l¤ aTˆHv~}IckJztqskdz¸fi}da³ªJei¥fckdu<ga5vTmtkIu }Icwso$mo
fi}da˜dq_f¦¥fgeiqskdz³fimmt˜Jf~cqskchja5h#˜8aTe$mo †Z’Vmfia#fi}Icffi}Jqs$fge~ckdgq_fiqsmtk¯v,ck¯¤Hqsa5w@u¯cuJq_«:aTeia5klf
uJqs¥fgeiqs˜d›HfiqsmtkNmoSqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcws+q@kfi}da$qskdq_fiq@cwZb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmttk , fi}Ick³meiqszq@kdcwsw_¤Nqsklfia5kIuHa,u3†
‡VkdvTaAfi}Jq@Dqskdq_fiq@cw:b8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtk)qsga5a,uHa,u­°+q_fi}qskIuHqsƒHq@uH›IcwsyoFeimth Zlfi}daAqskIuJqsƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsrza5kdaTe~cfia,u
˜l¤fi}JaAza5kda{fiq@vVcwsztmeiq_fi}dhjrqskjfi}daAb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmkdrqskjfi}danoFmtwswsm°+qskJz­zta5kJaTe~cfiqsmkd5HceiaVcwswIhja5h#˜8aTei
mVo †I|}Jq@A}dmw@uJ+gqskdv5a$fi}Ja$gqsh›dw@cfiq@kJz­ztaTkdaTfiqsvmtb8a{e~cfimei‚cwswZhcbfim †
7= CF2,17EHK,KjY7E‹25E‹=[ 0¯CW>1 J2,CF681 d1OY±K5EHXFKE t2,C–681
µÆk)gqshjqsw–ceiq_fƤ)fim#fi}daAeia5bJeiaTga5klf~cfiqsmtkNmoSztaTkdmthjaTnq@kfi}da$uJqsbdwsmtq@u)gq@hjbJwsa$zta5kJaTfiqsv¦cwsztmeiq_fi}dhN‹°a
}Ic,ƒ„a‚fim­qsk‹fgeim‹uH›dv5a¦uHmthjqskIckdv5a‚fim­v5mtk‹ƒ„a{egfAckNqskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icw +bd}Ja5kdmfƤHb8a 0t= fim­c­˜dq_f+¥fgeiqskdz
mo7wsa5kdzfit} ¶†H`$mhjq@kdckJv5a‚°+qswsw:vTeia,cfia¦ckqskJ¥f~ckdvTa$m[o VJ˜dcga,u)mtk)fi}daVvTmtkd¥fiq_fi›Ja5klfn}dmhjmtwsmtzmt›d
ztaTkdmf¶¤Hb8a57qskfi}day˜dq_fZ¥fgeiq@kJz‚modwsa5kJzfi} 24ìgm+°raceiarc˜dwsaDfimneia5›Jgayfi}JayªJfikda5g3oW›dkJvTfiqsmtk¦meiqszq@kdcwsw_¤
uJa{ªIkda5u)oWmeA¥fgeiq@kJztAmoSwsa5kJzfi~} ì†
MZa{f g i kdm uJa5kJmfia$fi}da‚ªdfikdaTg+oF›dkJvTfiqsmtk³moSfi}da$gqsh#›dw@cfiqskdz­cwsztmeiqsfi}JhNJ°+q_fi}
R 0t=
i 3 3 ! = 3 0 !
i g> 0 V% sg C K 3 ! % % 6
§HaTw@aTvTfiqsmtkqskfi}Ja­gqshjbdwsajztaTkdaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dh¬v,ckkdm,°>˜8a­qshjbdwsa5hjaTk‹fia5u¸cYu Z3gqshjq@w@cefimfi}da
ga5wsa5vTfiqsmk]q@kfi}dauHq@bJwsmtq@u³gqshjbdwsa$za5kdaTfiqsv¦cw@zmeiq_fi}dh fi}dcfAqsA˜8aTq@kJz­gqsh›Jw–cfia,u3Jg›dv~}fi}dcf
R ' 3 W = i \U^ G u , %+' W4J\U^ G u , %& “ ' 3 W‹S™ J 6
7= ;žM72+J2,CF681
³›Jf~cfiqsmtk]mtkNfi}Ja¦˜dq_fA¥fgeiq@kJztA°+qsfi}]wsa5kJzfi}P2%BqsAqsk‹fia{eibJeiaTfia,u³c‚fi}Jame~uHaTeia,uNv5mkdv,cfia5kIcfiq@mkmo
h›Hf~cfiqsmtkmtk˜dq_fA¥fgeiq@kJztn°+q_fi}Nwsa5kdzfi~} ¶†
MZa{V
f  i hk ­uJa5kJmfiayfi}dah#›Jf~cfiqsmk#mb8aTe~cfimeSfim$cv{fDmkfi}Jagqsh›Jw–cfia,uuJqsbdwsmtq@u˜dq_fB¥fgeiqskdzt
°+q_fi}
R 0t=
i L 3 ! = 30 i > 0 +%  8%  ! % 6
’Vmfia)fi}dcf> q@­uJq_«:aTeia5klfo–eimth  i kx gq@kJv5a  cgg›dhjaTfi}Icffi}daeia5g›Jwsf­moAfi}da
h›Hf~cfiqsmtk¯q@#me~uHaTeia,u cv5vTme~uJqskJzfimv5mkdv,cfia5kIcfiqsmtk mtb8aTe~cfime O°+}daTeia uJmla5#q@zkdmeiafi}dqs
me~uHaTe,†
!
7=-/ [68K,K56K78EH[j2T6K,C0MOXd2TE 0¸EJC–68K,CWK.I17Y:ìEH[2,CFXWC &J2,CF681
MZa{fz i |> k uHa5kdmfia‚fi}daA¥fimlv~}Ic¥fiqsv‚vTeimtggmƒ„aTe+mb8aTe~cfimeoWmefi}daAgqsh›Jw–cfiqsmtk)mo3fi}da
uJqsbJw@mq@uNcwsztmeiq_fi}dh °+q_fi}
R 0_3 h=
i 3 3 ! 3 3 = 30 !3
i z _0 3 +% z 3 ! %
z 3 K% 6
’Vmfianfi}Icfyfi}dan}dcbJw@mq@uv{eimtggmƒ„aTez qsrkdmfcbdbJw@qsa,ufim$fi}Ja+v5mtkJv,cfia5kdcfiqsmtkqskj¥fgeiqskdz 0 !
ckdu I:˜d›Jf z qs›Jga,u°+q_fi}Jq@ka,cv~}¯morfi}Ja#fưrm³qskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icws5†Z|}daTqse¦}Jmthjmw@mztm›d˜dq_f
¥fgeiqskdzjmo$wsa5kJzfi
} Vceiaf~c•‹qskdz¸bIcegf­q@k fi}da)vTeimtggmƒ„a{egv~}daThjat†B’Vmfiafi}Icf­fi}davTeimtggmƒ„a{emo
wsa5kdzfit} OqsAcbJbdwsqsa,ufư+qsv5a$°+}JaTeia,c+fi}Ja$gqsh›Jw–cfiqskdz­vTeimggmƒ„aTe‚cvTfi+mkN˜dq_f+¥fgeiqskdzAmoSwsa5kdzfi1} 24ì†
|}da‚v5mtkJv,cfiaTkIcfiqsmk³mo3fi}daTga‚eia5g›Jwsfinqs5‹˜Jq@mwsmtztqsv,cwsws¤³gb8a,c•‹qskdzHlfi}daAoWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmtk³bJeimlv5a5gr˜8a5qskdz
aTˆHa5v5›Hfia,u)fimvTeia,cfia¦c#kdaT° qskd¥f~ckdv5am&o †
|}dqsvTeimggmƒ„aTemb8aTe~cfimeuJq_«:aTeiVo–eimth fi}Ja¥f~ckdudce~u›Jkdq_oWmeih vTeimggmƒtaTemtb8a{e~cfimeoFme¦za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhj›dgqskdz ztaTkdmf¶¤Hbdqsv ˜dq_f¯¥fgeiqskJzt¯mo)w@aTkdzfi} 2%¶R† B‚ck a{ˆdchjbdwsatVv5mtkJgq–uHaT‚
e Œ
°+q_fi1
} q t 3 !b t 3 € ŠŠtŠNckI
u ? ŠtŠŠt†r|}da³vTmtkdv5cfia5kdcfiqsmtkJ)moVfi}Ja5ga³¥fgeiqskdzceia
0 !·ttt³ckIu RŠŠtŠtŠŠtІ7µìoD°rav5mkdgq@uJaTe$›dkdq_oFmeih v{eimtggmƒ„aTe,8fi}Ja5k]fi}da
¥f~ckdudce~u³vTeimtggmƒ„a{e‚moSfi}daVf¶°m­˜Jq_f‚¥fgeiqskJzt 0 ckdu eia5kIuHaTei+›d°+q_fi}]ck‹¤)˜JqsfA¥fgeiqskdzmoBwsa5kdzfi}
24O›Jkdq_oWmeihjw_¤lJa† zH†
\U^ G z ¨ttt 3 ŠŠtŠtŠŠtŠ % tHŠŠ,‹Š8J Š
2
#
‡Vk<fi}JaNmfi}JaTe)}IckIu3Dq_o$°acbdbJws¤ fi}Ja]vTeimtggmƒ„aTe)mb8aTe~cfime"z <fi}Icf)gqsh›Jw@cfia5hja5qsmtgqs)ckdu
oWa{egfiq@wsqs´,cfiq@mkmoBuHq@bJwsmtq@u³qskd¥f~ckdv5a55J°a$°rmt›dw@u³m˜Jf~cq@k
z(¨ttt 3 ŠtŠtŠŠtŠ8Š % z ¨t 3 t&% z ¥ŠtŠŠ 3 ŠŠtŠ8%
t ŠtŠtŠ
t‹ŠtŠtŠ
°+q_fi"} \U^ G z ¨ttt 3 ŠŠtŠtŠŠtŠ % tt‹ŠtŠ8Š J Št†
|}dqs7eiaTg›dw_fSqsOv5wsa,ceiws¤uHq_«:aTeia5klf7o–eimth‘fi}JayeiaTg›dw_fSmt˜Hf~cqskda5uo–eimth fi}JaD¥f~ckIuJce~u›dkJqsoFmeih‘vTeimtggmƒ„aTe
z †J’‚mfiaVfi}dcffi}Jqsn¥fgei›dvTfi›He~cw:uJq_«:aTeiaTkdv5a$qskfi}da$v{eimtggmƒ„aTe+w@c5¤H+cfnfi}da‚˜Icgq@nmoOfi}daVuJq_«:aTeia5kJv5a
qsk]uH¤Hkdchjqsv5r°+}Ja5kNv5mhjbIceiqskJz}Icbdwsmtq@u‹¤NckIu³uHqsbdwsmtq@uH¤l†
7=%$ U3MOC7KIXFEH1 EP9­CF2,4±YOC5SXF68CWY K,C0PSXFE1=IEH17E‹2,CdX=I6I[CF254 0
|}daAgqsh›Jw–cfiqsmtkqskfi}Ja+}IcbJwsmtq@u)gqshjbJw@a+za5kdaTfiqsvVcwsztmeiqsfi}JhR°rmei•‹qskdz¦mtk˜dq_fr¥fgeiq@kJztr°+q_fi}wsa5kdzfi}
243kdm,° ˜8a5}dc,ƒ„a5rgqshjqsw@cefimfi}JaVuHq@bJwsmtq@u)gqshjbJw@aAztaTkdaTfiqsv$cwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†d|}JqsqsaTˆHbdwsqsv5q_fiw_¤j¥f~cfia,uqsk
fi}da‚oWmtwswsm,°+qskdzfi}da5meia5h i
2 47E‹6I[3E 0 7= 5= 46 , , P:Q3H@
R ' 3 W = iISUT G “ ' 3 W‹™ >AMH@GHNO<=:KHOF6N?=7 , J SUT G ' W >AMH@ HNO<:KH F86NO?=7 , J 6
|}daAbJeimlmo3mo:fi}dqsBfi}da5meia5hRqsD˜Icga5u­mtk­fi}da+v5mkd¥fgei›JvTfiqsmtkmo:fi}da+za5kdaTfiqsvAmtb8aTe~cfimei5HcuJa{ªIkda5u
qsk³fi}daVbJeia5ƒ‹qsmt›JAgaTvTfiqsmtkd5Ickdu)fi}daTqseAqshjbdwsa5hjaTk‹f~cfiqsmtk)q@kG¥Š8%nckduC2%{†
7= ZC 0MOX J2,CW>
1 = >4 SXF68CWYZ9±CW1 YOC OXF68CWY K,C 0GOXF1E =IEH17E‹2,C dX =I6I[CF2,40
§Hqshjqsw@cejfim¯fi}JaNbJeiaTƒHqsm›djga5vTfiqsmkd5r°ra]v,ck<gqsh›dw@cfia]c¯}Icbdwsmtq@u<cwsztmeiqsfi}Jh q@kJgq@uJac¯uHqsbdwsmtq@u
cwszmeiq_fi}dhNJ›dgqskdz#fi}da$oWmwsw@m,°+qskdzv5mkd¥fgei›JvTfiqsmtk i
 “t“ 3 !iƒ™ ! R 3 ! =
r}dmlmgafi}daga,ceiv~}¸gbIcvTamoyfi}dagqsh›Jw–cfiqskdzuJqsbdwsmtq@u¸cwsztmeiq_fi}dh cY
i {V!i
™ ?
|}dauHqs¥fgeiq@˜J›Jfiqsmtk‘mouHqsbdwsmtq@u‘b8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtkd5‚gqsh›Jw–cfiqskdz<fi}Ja}Icbdwsmtq@u b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJ5‚°+qswsw
qskdq_fiq@cwsw_¤³˜8a‚v{}Jmtga5k)mƒ„aTae Z†l®a$cwsgm}dcƒta‚fimhc•„aAg›JeiaVfi}dcfnmkda$¥fia5b)moZfi}da‚}da5›Heiq@¥fiqsv
hcbJfim Z†
k g ³moSfi}da$gqsh›Jw@cfimeAg›Jv{})fi}Ic{f g> “ 3 ™%@sg C 8%{†
r}dmlmga¦fi}JaVªdfikJa5gnoW›JkdvTfiqsmt~
r}dmlmga¦fi}Ja$hja5qsmtgqsAmtb8aTe~cfime i k ±°+q_fi} “ 3 ™"%+t†
r}dmlmga¸fi}JaNoWaTegfiqswsqs´,cfiqsmtk mtb8a{e~cfime i |Xjk °+qsfi} 3 ! %t “ 3 3™¸°+q_fi}
€z  8% 6  ! % %
µ¶o , C uJaTkdmfiaTcb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmtkmoZfi}Ja‚}dcbdwsmq–ucw@zmeiq_fi}dhNHuHaTªIkJa+qsfiDa,©l›dqsƒcwsa5klfrb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtk
moSfi}Ja$gqsh›dw@cfiq@kJzjuJqsbJw@mq@uNcwsztmeiq_fi}dhN , , C dc{, b “t“ 3 ™ ! R = , C ™„†
'dmw@wsm,°+qskdzfi}Jqsnv5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTfiqsmtk3JcuJqsbJw@mq@u)qskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icw:qskfi}daVgqsh#›dw@cfiqskdzcwsztmeiq_fi}dh v5mklf~cqskdf¶°m
v5mbdqsa5ymo8fi}danqskduJqsƒ‹q–uH›IcwJmo8fi}dangqsh›Jw–cfia,u}dcbdwsmq–ucwsztmeiqsfi}JhN†3B<fi}Ja5meiaTh>gqshjqsw@ceBfim¦|}daTmeia5h
EJ†sЁkJm,° g}dm,°+nfi}da$a,©l›Jq@ƒcwsa5kJv5aVqsk˜8a5}Ic,ƒ‹qsme+moSc#}Icbdwsmtq@uNcwsztmeiq_fi}JhNdckIu)qsfingqsh#›dw@cfiqsmtk³q@kc
uJqsbJw@mq@uNcwsztmeiq_fi}dh i
2 47E‹6I[3E 0 75= 435= 46 , , CBP:Q3H@
R'
= iISUT G ' >AMH@GHNO<=:KHOF6NO?=7 , C J:
SUT G > AMH@ HNO<:KH F86NO?=7
, J6
|}dabJeimlmormoDfi}Jqs‚fi}daTmeia5h qs$cwsgm)˜Icga,u]mtk]fi}dav5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTfiqsmk¸moDfi}Ja¦gq@h#›dw@cfiqskJzcwsztmeiq_fi}JhN
ckdu)fi}Jaq@hjbJwsa5hja5klf~cfiqsmtk)moOqsfi+v5mhjb8mtkJa5klfinq@kC¥Š8%nckduG2%{†
V£ #Ÿ
Ÿ
µÆkfi}Jq@ZbIcb8aTe,,°ay}Ic,ƒ„aDuJqsgv5›Jgga,u}Jm,°cAuJqsbdwsmtq@ugqshjbdwsayzta5kJaTfiqsvcwszmeiq_fi}dhžv5ck¦˜8arv5mkd¥fgei›JvTfia,u3
˜l¤±eia5›Jgq@kJz<fi}Jaza5kdaTfiqsvmb8aTe~cfimei]mo­c }dcbdwsmq–u qshjbdwsa5hja5klf~cfiqsmkZ†®¯a¯cw@gm±uJa5hjmkd¥fge~cfia5u
}dm,° cuJqsbdwsmtq@uNgqshjbdwsa¦ztaTkdaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}dh v5ck]˜8afge~ckJ¥oWmeihja5uNq@klfimc­}dcbdwsmq–uNgqshjbJw@a¦za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dh °+q_fi}a,©l›dqsƒtcwsa5klf¦˜8a5}Ic,ƒ‹qsme,†Nrmkdga,©l›Ja5klfiws¤lZq_oAc]uJqsbdwsmq–ugqshjbJw@ajza5kda{fiq@v)cw@zmeiq_fi}dh
qs‚qshjbJw@aThja5klfia,u3‹fi}da{eia¦ceiafưrmjb8mtggqs˜dwsa°nc5¤HAfimuHa5gqsztkNfi}Ja¦cwsztmeiqsfi}JhN†8|}Ja¦uJqsbdwsmtq@uNza5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dh v5ck)˜8aV˜d›Jqswsfcv5vTme~uJqskJz#fim¦fi}da$uHaTªIkJq_fiq@mkmo7fi}JaVuHqsbdwsmtq@ugq@hjbJwsaVztaTkdaTfiqsv$cwsztmeiq_fi}JhN†
§HaTv5mtkduJw_¤lIfi}da¦gqsh›Jw@cfiqsmtk¸moyfi}da#uJqsbdwsmq–u]za5kdaTfiqsvcwsztmeiqsfi}Jh qskdgq@uHa­c}IcbJwsmtq@u]gq@hjbJwsa#za5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dh(v,ck cwsgm ˜8a]›Jga,u3†rµ¶ofi}Ja5gaq@hjbJwsa5hja5klf~cfiqsmtkJ­oWmw@wsm,° fi}Ja]v5mtkJ¥fgei›dvTfiqsmtk zqsƒ„a5k qsk
fi}dqsnbdcb8aTe,‹fi}da‚eia5g›dw_fiqskdz­˜8aT}Ic,ƒ‹q@me+moS˜8mfi}qshjbJw@aThja5klf~cfiqsmtkJr°+qsw@w3˜8aVfi}Ja$ichjatJcA¥f~cfia,u˜l¤
|}daTmeia5h EH†sŠt"† B‚7c+eia5g›Jw_f,fi}Ja5meiaThjZfi}IcfScbdbdw_¤$fimAztaTkdaTfiqsvncw@zmeiq_fi}dhjZfi}IcfScwswsm° kJmtkH²¶gb8aTv5q_ªIv
wsqshjqsf~cfiqsmtkd‚fim)fi}Ja#za5kdaTfiqsv­mb8aTe~cfimei53g›dv~}c$v5mkHƒtaTeizta5kJv5a#fi}Ja5meiaThjVmorzta5kJaTfiqsv­cw@zmeiq_fi}dhj
¨xBq@˜8aTkZ
 BVcegfi5dckdu 0Dck $Va5a­+Š &2"%{8cw@gmcbdbJws¤fimfi}Ja¦uJqsbdwsmq–u)gqshjbdwsazta5kJaTfiqsv¦cwsztmeiq_fi}dhN†
¦ ¡ +¡
|}daAoWmeihcw8hjm‹uJaTw@rbJeia5ga5klfia,ujqskjfi}dqsbdcb8aTe+ceia$cbdbdwsqsv,c˜dwsaVqsk)b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtk)zta5kJaTfiqsv55‹fim#¥fi›duH¤
fi}da+a5ƒtmtws›Jfiqsmtkdceg¤­uH¤HkIchjq@vTymo3h›dw_fiqsbdwsanwsmlv5›J5„ªdˆHa,ugqs´5aAb8mtbJ›dw@cfiqsmk)hjm‹uHa5ws53† BArckjaTˆJchjbdwsat
fi}daV}‹¤Hb8mfi}da5gqsnfi}IcfAuJqsbdwsmtq@u‹¤³qshjbdwsqsa5AcwsmtkJzfiqshjahja5hjmeg¤­moBgmtws›Hfiq@mkdAqsk]ckdmkJ²ì¥f~cfiqsmkIceg¤
a5k‹ƒ‹q_eimtkdhjaTk‹f MZa{°+q@5( $Vcegf,3ckdu ‚q_fiv~}dqsa+Š !%Vv,ck¸˜8a¥fi›IuJqsa,u:†:`$qsbdwsmtq@uzta5kJaTfiqsv­cw@zmeiq_fi}dhj
ckdufi}Ja5q_eoWmeihcw:hjm‹uJaTw@rhjq@z}lfbJeimƒ‹q@uJaVc#v5mk‹fgeimwsw@a5ua5k‹ƒ‹q_eimtkdhjaTk‹fyfimv{eia,cfia‚aTˆHb8aTeiqshja5klfirfim
¥fgeia5kJzfi}daTk#meOo”cw@gq_o–¤#fi}Jq@7}‹¤Hb8mfi}da5gqs5†®aDceiavT›Jegeia5klfiw_¤gaTfgfiqskdz‚›db¦hjm‹uJaTw@Z°+qsfi}#h›JwsfiqsbJw@aywsmlv5q”
gqskdzw@a#wsmlv5›d‚aTˆJchjbdwsa5+°+q_fi}h›dw_fiqsbdwsacwswsa5wsa5ckIu]uHmthjqskIckdv5a¦v~}IckJztqskdz)uHmthjqskIckdv5a¦gv~}da5hja55
fimV¥fi›duH¤¦fi}daTqseSeiaTw–cfiqsƒ„an˜8a5}Ic,ƒ‹qsmeBqskfi}Jawsq@hjq_f,†|}daTga+uJq_«:aTeia5klfBhjm‹uJaTw@O°+qswswd˜8ackIcw_¤Jga5u°+q_fi}dqsk
kdaT›Jfge~cw”J¥f~cfiqsvtIuJa5v5aTbJfiqsƒ„atJuH¤Hkdchjqsvckduv5m²ìa5ƒ„mtws›Hfiq@mkIceg¤³a5k‹ƒ‹q_eimtkJhja5klfi5†
Q
7B¡ £[yŸ
pckd´5}dcoƍn® †*¥Š "!!%{†‚‡VbJfiqshjqs´,cfiqsmtk ˜l¤QuJqsbdwsmq–u±ga5ceiv~} ¥fge~cfia5ztqsa55† H9;NO<
<=@GF@ HN MH:>
?=7JU9;:KHNA P NO?H HOF=>@ =A%? 6 :QLH4@3:KHN@G<:>'?=@G<
78J ?=A >9;7 ?=@@ HN MH:>DA OЉ‰ IŠ5Ž&@l†
prq@uH°ra5wsw”?#† ¥Š Ž&%{† B‚bJbdw_¤Hq@kJzuHq@bJwsmtq@uH¤<ckdu<uHmthjqskIckdv5afimcegfiq_ªdv5q@cwVza5kda{fiq@v]ga5ceiv~}Z† :Q3HA >A †
rmtwswsqskdz°mlm‹u3rxn†@B`#†NrmeikJatyckdu …S† ‚mg¥Š "tŽ%{†B€VgaToF›dwnuHq@ƒtaTeigq_fƤƒ‹q@c]h›dw_fiqsbdwsmq–u‹¤l† 4
4@3:KHN@G<:>'?=@G<
?=@$6 HN H@ H%?@ ?
9;:>'?=@U<=N! ?78JU9;:>@ !HŠ5 !‹Š,Œ‹†
Deim,°J" †>¥Š "!tŒ&%{†$# H@ H:>D A ?=:KHA&% <=@ 4@3:N?$F=9'D :>'?=@ :? # H@GH:>D A †3NcvThjq@wsw@ck3†
xBq@˜8aTkZ>B†sOxn†>BVcegfi5OckduG-­†)0rckC$VaTa ¥Š "&2%{†N?Vw@m˜Icwrv5mkHƒtaTeizta5kJv5ajmozta5kJaTfiqsvcwsztmeiq_fi}Jhj i
ckjqskHªIkdq_fianhcei•„mƒv~}IcqskckIcw_¤Jgqs5† NO? H HOF=>@ =A?6 :Q3HE( >NA : 4@3:KHN@G<=:>?=@G<
?@$6$HNOH@ H?=@
<=NO<
)
H*
NO?IC+
H7,G ?
$ >@ 6NO?7 <=:9;NOH ;E IŠ 2‹†
? 6 <:9 N<
/ H*
H0D :>'?=@ †"rw–ceia5kIuHmtk#…BeiaTg5„‡‚ˆ‹oFme~u3†
'Oqsgv{}JaTe,8¦†8B†3¥Š+tŒ&%{†- Q3H # H@ H:> <
- QLH ?N.B
?Vmtw@uH˜8aTeizJr`†DckIu †§Hhjq_fi} ¥Š "!&@%{†r’Vmkd¥f~cfiqsmkIceg¤ oW›JkdvTfiqsmkQmtbHfiqshjq@´5cfiqsmtk±›Jgqskdzza5kdaTfiqsv
cwszmeiq_fi}dhj$°+q_fi}uJmthjqskdckdvTa­ckduuHqsbdwsmtq@uH¤l†1# H@ H:>324
I?=N>:Q;7 A <=@UF :Q3H>N52 JIJ
> <:>'?=@3A P
NO? H H F>@ =A ?6:Q3H5G H0 ?@GF%4@3:KHN@G<=:>'?@G<
?@$6$HNOH@ H%?=@ # H@GH:>624
I?=N>:Q;7 A I‰" ‹Ž!‹†
?‚eia5a5kJat3p‚†N¥Š+%{†>Deimtggmƒ„aTe¦ckIuuJqsbJw@mq@uuHmthjqskIckdv5a¦°+q_fi}uHa5v5a5bHfiqsƒ„aªJfikda5g5† ?@ =N HA A%?=@
?
9;:>'?=@G<N. ?=7JU9;:<=:>'?=@ ZŠ,ŒŽ dŠ,Œ@ŽH†
$$cudcu33p‚†3ckIuG‚†3xyqsv~•L¥Š @%{†7§H›Jbdb8megfiq@kJzb8mw_¤JbJwsmtq@uH¤]qsk¸zta5kJaTfiqsv­cw@zmeiq_fi}dhj›JgqskdzuJmthjq_²
kIckdv5aƒta5vTfimei5† ?
9;:>'?=@G<N. NO? =NO<7%7%>@ G7 4 Q2"2Œ 2ŒEJ†
$Va5uHeiqsv{•8J…O†>¥Š+!Œ&%{†1# H@ H:>D A?6 ?JU98
<=:>'?=@LA †t" mkda5AckduNpcegfiw@a{fgf,Iprm¥fimtk3†
Vqswswsqs5B`† ¥Š+&2"%{†Frm²ìa5ƒtmtwsƒ‹q@kJzbIce~cgq_fia5­qshjbJeimƒ„ajgqsh›Jw@cfia,u¯aTƒ„mtws›Jfiqsmk<cckmtbHfiq@hjqs´,cfiqsmtk
bJeimlvTa,uJ›Heiat† 2N:> $D>'<
> 6$H4O4 †
-qsh›He~cHy†¥Š+!tŽ%{†5- Q3H H9 :N<
- Q3HO?=N! ?6 ?
H0D98
<=N ?
9;:>'?=@ † ch#˜Jeiq@uJza³€VkJqsƒ„aTeigq_fƤ
…Seia5g5†
MZa{°+q@5
 "J†s7x+(† $$cegf,ZckIuC?#†(‚q_fiv~}dqsa¥Š+!%{† B·v5mthjbdceiqsgmtkmo+uHmthjqskIckdv5a#hja5v~}IckJqsghj$ckdu
gqshjbdwsanh›Hf~cfiqsmtkmtkkdmtkH²ì¥f~cfiqsmtkdceg¤#bJeimt˜Jwsa5hj5† <=N<
H*
NO? C+
H7 U?
$>@ E6N?=7 <=:9;NOH 7 
Š,"Œ d+Š E&!‹†
³q_fiv{}Ja5wsw”:)† ¥Š &Ž %{† 2@ 4@L:NO?$F=9'D:>'?@ :? # H@ H:> 24
I?=N>:Q;7%A †8³µ¥| …BeiaTg5†
’Vq_ˆ:K B†JckIuNK† 0ymtg.a ¥+Š 2%{†I³m‹uJa5wswsqskdz­za5kdaTfiqsv¦cw@zmeiq_fi}dhj°+q_fi}hcei•„mƒjv~}IcqskJ5† 2@L@G<
A?6
<=:QLH7 <=:>DA<@GF32N:> $D>'<
G4@3:KH*
> MH@ H ; @" !"!H†
+¤‹ck3
 ‚†ckdu "J† rmwsw@qskJ ¥+Š "!&%{†#…Omtw_¤Hzta5kJqsv±qskd}da{eiqsf~ckdv5a ²c }IcbJwsmtq@u>gv~}daThja fi}dcfv,ck
mt›Hfib8aTegoWmeih uJqsbdwsmtq@u‹¤l† <=N<
H*
N?IC+
H7,G?
$>@ 6N?=7 <=:9;N H 7 38Š @"! I+Š !&@‹†
§Hhjq_fi}3 †7ckdu`† ?Vmtw@uJ˜8a{eiO
z ¥Š "&2%{†7`$qsbdwsmtq@u‹¤ckIu¯uHmthjqskIckdv5aq@kcegfiq_ªIv5q@cwrztaTkdaTfiqsvjga,ceiv{}3†
?=7J
H '=A :KH7%A Q 2‰‹Š K2"!t‰‹†
0ymtgatI>
† ¥+Š "&%{† - Q3H 3>78J
H # H@ H:>624
I?=N>:Q;7 †I³µ¥| …Seia5g5†
®¯eiqsz}‹f, B†JckIu ?#†Iprq@uH°ra5wsw ¥Š "tŽ %{Q† B‚kJmfi}JaTe+wsmlmt•cf‚uJqsbdwsmq–u‹¤NckIu)zta5kJaTfiqsv¦cwsztmeiqsfi}Jhj5†
®¯eiqsz}‹f,I§:(† ¥+Š tŒHŠ %{†8xBƒ„mtws›Hfiq@mkNqskNhja5kduJa5wsq@ckb8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtkJ51† # H@GH:>DA  &@ IŠ,"‰ H†
ADmtg}dq@uJcH -­†dckIu)’#
† BVudcv{}JNq ¥Š E3%{;† B uJqsbJw@mq@u³zta5kJaTfiqsv¦cwsztmeiq_fi}dh oWmeVbHeia5gaTeiƒ‹qskdzb8mbd›Jw–cfiqsmtk
uJqsƒ„a{eigqsf¶¤l† <=N<
H*
N?IC+
H7,G?
$>@ 6NO?=7 <=:9;N H 4O4O4 JŒtŽ 3El‰l†
$
P
f
meiosis
fertilization
4.3
meiosis
P’
diploid
adults
crossover
haploid
gametes
diploid
zygote
haploid
adults
diploid
"zygote"
haploid
child
HAPLOID
3.8
3.7
"meiosis"
3.9
fusion
DIPLOID
crossover
3.5
crossover
P’
4.1
selection
C =8M7[E §Hv~}da5hcfiqsv,cwnv5mhjbIceiq@gmkQmo$}Icbdwsmtq@u<ckIu uJqsbJw@mq@u<ga5wsa5vTfiqsmk±ckdu eiaTbJeim‹uJ›JvTfiqsmtk3†
µÆkNc}Icbdwsmtq@u]cwszmeiq_fi}dhNJfưmjgaTw@aTvTfia,uNqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcwsAceiaoW›Jga,ufimztaTfi}JaTe,8coFfiaTeA°+}dqsv~}]vTeimtggmƒ„aTe
ckdu<h#›Jf~cfiqsmk mb8aTe~cfimei³ceia]cbJbdwsqsa,u<mk<fi}Ja³ztaTkdmf¶¤Hb8aNmo$fi}Ja³´T¤Hzmfia³oFmeihja,u ˜‹¤fi}Jaf¶°m
}Icbdwsmtq@ubIceia5klf­za5kdmfƤHb8a55†y|}daeia5g›JwsfmoAfi}dqs­bHeimlv5a5g­qs­ckda{° qskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcwrfi}dcfq@bd›Jf#qsk
ztaTkdaTe~cfiq@mk , 8fi}da#b8mtbd›Jw@cfiqsmtk¸moDfi}da¥¤H¥fia5h cf$fi}JakJaTˆ‹f$ztaTkdaTe~cfiq@mkZ†7‡Vk]fi}da#mfi}da{e}IckIu3
qsk uJqsbJw@mq@uH¤lDhja5qsmtgqs <cv5mth#˜dqskIcfiq@mk±mo¦v{eimtggmƒ„aTe³ckduQh›Hf~cfiqsmtk±mb8aTe~cfimei qscbJbdwsqsa,u
°+q_fi}dqskfi}daga5wsa5vTfia,uqskIuHqsƒHq@uH›Icws¦fi}da5hjgaTw@ƒta55† 'JaTegfiqsw@qs´,cfiqsmtkbd›Hfifưm]ztchjaTfiaT5Zfi}Ja­eia5g›dw_f#mo
fi}dahja5qsmtgqs‚bJeimlv5a5g58fimztaTfi}JaTe$fimjoWmeih cjkda{°žqskIuHq@ƒ‹q@uJ›dcw7°+}Jqsv{}qsVbJ›Jf‚q@k]fi}Ja#b8mbd›dw@cfiq@mkmo
fi}da¦kJaTˆ‹f‚za5kda{e~cfiqsmtk3†8’Vmfia¦fi}dcf+°a}Ic,ƒ„awsaTo–f$m›JfAh›Hf~cfiqsmtk3d°+}dqsv~}]v,ck]˜8abJw@cv5a,u]˜8aToFmeia¦me
co–fiaTe‚hja5qsmtgqs5†