Textiles
Student workbook
2
Contents
Unit 1 Page 1
Unit 2 2
Unit 3 3
Unit 4 4
Unit 5 5
Unit 6 6
Unit 7 7
Unit 8 8
Unit 9 9
Unit 10 10
Unit 11 11
Unit 12 12
Unit 13 13
Unit 14 14
Unit 15 15
Unit 16 16
Unit 17 17
Unit 18 18
Answer Key 19
ii
Textiles
1
1 Match the words (1–6) with the answers (a–f).
1
2
3
4
5
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
when
where
what
which
who
why
to prevent a problem
on Tuesday
a computer program
the quickest way
the United States
the pattern cutter
2 Complete the table.
Verb
Noun
to
1
adaptation
to
2
approval
to assemble
3
to conceive
4
to
5
design
to develop
6
to produce
7
to
8
specification
3 Underline the correct word.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
This old machine isn’t safe/ safety.
He’s an Italy/ Italian designer.
Can I use your calculate/ calculator please?
There are few hazards/ hazardous in my job.
This company is a good employ/ employer.
This material/ materials is very difficult to work with.
Ouch! I cut/ cutting myself with the scissors.
The fabric is very soft/ soften.
4 Find eight words relating to textiles.
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
scissors cut needle
garment pattern weave
thread cotton
s
c
i
s
s
o
r
s
q
x
x
g
k
d
b
g
x
i
b
g
w
k
t
h
r
e
a
d
f
a
e
q
o
f
j
q
c
u
d
r
a
o
x
u
i
f
u
o
c
m
v
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o
j
t
d
o
e
e
j
d
q
r
k
b
j
t
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b
n
e
e
d
l
e
o
t
t
d
f
b
g
e
i
g
x
o
q
p
a
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t
e
r
n
q
n
b
Textiles
1
2
1 Make Present Perfect sentences and questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
You finish cutting?
We do the altering.
You and Juan finish it?
We not do it.
They pin the garment.
We make the adjustments.
He work with Sophia.
Why they mend it?
2 Read the text and answer the questions.
Pattern grading is usually carried out by hand. Charts are used to alter the proportions of the pattern.
This is increasingly done using computers. There are two main methods. Firstly, the pattern can be laid
out on a digitized table. A light pen is used to acquire the main pattern coordinates, such as the seam
allowances. These coordinates are then fed into a computer for adjustment of size and proportions.
The other way is to scan the outline of the pattern which allows the production of very accurate scale
pattern sizes. Once the computerized patterns have been checked, the manufacturing process can begin.
The automated fabric cutting machines can be programmed or the patterns can be manually transferred
onto fabrics ready for cutting.
1 What is used on a digitized table to acquire the coordinates?
2 What needs to be done before manufacturing begins?
3 What are used to alter the pattern proportions?
3 What are the adjectives from these nouns? Complete the table.
Noun
1 width
2 height
3 length
4 depth
5 weight
2
Textiles
Adjective
3
1 Label the diagram using the words listed below.
1
cutter brush (x2) blade
2
4
1
2
3
4
3
2 Complete the text with the words listed below.
yarn industry fibres process textiles clothes
1
2
Spinning is a major
. It is part of the textile manufacturing
where three
3
. The textiles are then made
types of fibre are converted into yarn, then fabric, then
4
5
into
. Spinning is the twisting together of drawn out strands of
to form
6
.
3 Read the information in the table and answer the questions.
Textile
Flax
Jute
Hemp
Wool
Silk
Details
Bast fibre that is harvested when the plant flowers. It is treated like cotton.
Bast fibre that is from the inner bark. Oil needs to be added when spinning. Can be
bleached and dyed.
Bast fibre from the inner bark. Hard to bleach and used for rope and cord.
Detergent used to remove grease and impurities. Acid used to remove vegetable matter.
Production process similar to cotton. Wound into spools or bobbins. Sulphur used to
remove discoloration.
1 Which fibre is treated like cotton?
2
3
4
5
Which fibre requires acid to remove vegetable matter?
Which fibre is difficult to bleach?
Which fibre is harvested when the plant flowers?
Which fibre requires sulphur to deal with discolouration?
4 Match the beginnings of words (1–6) with the endings (a–f) to make nouns.
1
2
3
4
5
6
manufact
synth
prot
cot
veget
text
a
b
c
d
e
f
etic
ton
able
ile
urer
ein
Textiles
3
4
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.
characteristics felting fabric warp cloth threads
1
Weaving is a method of
production in which two separate sets of yarns or
3
are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or
. The other methods are knitting, lace
4
5
making and
. The longitudinal threads are called the
and the lateral
6
threads are the weft. The method in which these threads are inter-woven affects the
of
the cloth.
2 Label the weaving patterns with the terms listed below.
satin weave twill weave plain weave
1
2
3
1
2
3
3 Find ten words relating to weaving.
The words read from left to right(→)
and top to bottom (↓).
harness heddle yarn warp
shuttle plain jacquard twill
riser loom
h
e
d
d
l
e
p
l
v
q
a
h
y
x
o
e
o
o
p
w
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a
a
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m
a
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o
e
s
i
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h
u
t
t
l
e
e
n
q
s
e
d
s
e
y
m
l
e
u
4 Label the parts of the loom with the
words listed below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 4
d
s
l
w
a
r
p
o
t
r
r
i
s
e
r
n
o
m
y
d
1
10
rope warp bar shed string shed stick heddle stick batten shuttle warp bar back strap beater
s
s
d
d
q
a
n
o
r
a
9
8
7
6
2
5
4
Textiles
3
2
5
1 Match the words (1–6) with the definition (a–f).
1
2
3
4
5
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
air jet weaving
crepe weave
oxford weave
plain weave
selvage
jacquard
simplest but most important weave
outside edge of woven fabric
variation of a plain weave
patterned fabric
weave that produces a rough texture
looms that use jets of air
2 Match the words (1–5) with their opposites (a–e).
1
2
3
4
5
a
b
c
d
e
organized
clean
clear (instructions)
clear (workbench)
safe
dirty
disorganized
cluttered
unsafe
unclear
3 Label the diagram with the words listed below.
selvage crosswise grain bias lengthwise grain
1
2
3
4
2
3
1
4
4 Match the definitions (1–6) with the phrasal verbs listed below.
chase up carry out catch up get on with fall behind hold up
1
2
3
4
5
6
lose time on a schedule
perform a task
cause a delay
contact somebody in order to remind them to do something
spend extra time doing something because you haven’t done it earlier
make progress
Textiles
5
6
1 Complete the sentences using the (to) infinitive or -ing form of the verbs listed below.
apply switch on sweep serve work
1
2
3
4
5
Oh no! I’ve forgotten to
the power supply.
When you’ve finished
the floor, can you collect the fabric remnants?
Did the manager let you
on the production line in your previous job?
I enjoy
in the shop, but I’d rather work in the workshop.
I’ve decided
for the supervisor’s job.
2 Match the verbs (1–6) with the definitions (a–f).
1
2
3
4
5
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
adjust check fit inspect
test top up make sure something is correct or safe
fill to the correct level
change something slightly because it is in the wrong position
try something to see how well it works
put something in the correct place
look at something very closely or in detail
3 Complete the table.
100,000
One hundred thousand
1
Twelve hundred
120,000
2
3
Six million
14,500,000
4
5
Fifty four and a half percent
60%
6
4 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
1
2
3
4
6
delivery you want do When ?
order minimum is What the ?
offer
you What colours other do ?
order thousand
Textiles
I
three Can please ?
7
1 Read the text about spinning technology and answer the questions.
Ring spinning is likely to be the most widely used type of spinning machine in the future. It offers the
greatest flexibility in application. It also supplies yarns that are difficult to match by other technologies.
The blow room is the process which opens, cleans and blends different fibres, and technological
improvements have been enormous. The draw-frame adds around 5% to the production costs of yarn.
However it does mean that the yarn quality is excellent.
1 Which technology is said to be the most used for spinning?
2 What does the blow room process do?
3 What is the percentage cost added to yarn by the draw-frame?
2 Match the words (1–8) with the abbreviations listed below.
cm g kg km m y mm in
1
2
3
4
grams
kilograms
inches
millimetres
5
6
7
8
centimetres
metres
kilometres
yards
3 Label the diagram with the words listed below.
polymer chip fibre extrusion bonding winding lay down
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
5
3
6
4
4 Complete the text with the words listed below.
seed Americas fibre plants native
1
2
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple
that grows in a ball around the seeds of cotton
.
3
4
The botanical purpose of cotton fibre is to help
dispersal. The plant is
to
5
tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the
, Africa and India.
Textiles
7
8
1 Find eight words relating to weaving.
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
bobbin batten beater
heddle weft woven
loom thread
b
w
o
v
e
n
a
s
c
h
o
b
y
e
q
o
s
h
v
h
b
o
r
t
w
r
d
e
t
e
b
e
a
t
e
r
f
d
h
d
i
b
e
a
f
g
g
s
r
d
n
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s
t
f
h
t
e
l
i
n
a
d
v
h
i
r
a
e
w
a
r
p
b
a
r
i
d
e
e
l
l
o
o
m
h
n
i
a
b
a
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j
g
b
d
2 Label the diagram of a simple vertical loom with the words listed below.
4
warp weft selveges fringes
1
2
3
4
1
3
2
3 Complete the table of adjectives and adverbs.
Adjectives
Adverbs
1careful
Adjectives
9
late
2
clearly
10 patient
3
early
11
4fast
Adverbs
politely
12 quick
5
freshly
6good
13
quietly
14 regular
7
hard
8immediate
15
seriously
16 slow
4 Complete the sentences with the words listed below and draw the time on each clock.
finish shift late early leave overtime
1 My
starts at 8.00 am.
4 I started work
at 7.30 am.
today
5 I am working
2 It’s 9.00 am! I’m
for work.
3 I
8
work at 5.00 pm.
Textiles
tonight. I won’t finish work
until 9.00pm.
6 I
my house at 6.30
am to catch the bus.
9
1 Match the beginning of each sentence (1–5) with its ending (a–e).
1
2
3
4
5
a
b
c
d
e
We have one hour
I work 42 hours
We have two breaks, one
Juan has worked for the company
I only started working here in the morning and one in the afternoon
six weeks ago
per week
for lunch
for 12 years
2 Rearrange the words to make sentences about the working week.
1 work/ enjoy/ company/ I/ it/ working/ here/ is/ to/ a good/ for
2 shift/ changes/ My/ pattern/ weekly
3 work/ 8.00am/ I / Friday/ to/ 5.30pm/ Monday/ to
4 day/ look/ I/ it’s/ forward/ Friday/ pay/ to
3 Complete the sentences by choosing the right option.
1
2
3
Flame resistance is a fabric’s ability to
burning.
a resisting b resistance
c resist
Crocking resistance is a
of a fabric’s colour fastness.
a measure b measuring
c measurable
Abrasion is a way of checking a fabric’s ability to withstand surface
a where
b wear
c were
4 Find ten words relating to time.
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
hour shift early week
day minute year start
finish late
s
h
i
f
t
a
q
l
a
f
a
o
o
a
k
f
w
d
o
i
v
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g
n
s
o
e
l
c
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q
r
z
c
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v
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e
a
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a
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k
m
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f
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a
y
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t
p
o
a
t
a
t
n
o
from rubbing.
o
e
a
r
l
y
q
e
t
a
Textiles
9
10
1 Complete the sentences with at, in or on.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Are you available for overtime
Thursday?
We have a large order to complete. We need to ask staff if they can work
Is the maintenance manager
the other factory today?
Our staff meeting starts
4.00pm.
My lunch break finishes
15 minutes.
I am not working next week. I am going
holiday.
the weekend.
2 Complete the table with the expressions of quantity listed below. Some expressions are
used twice.
a lot of a little any many a few much lots of
I’ve got...
I haven’t got...
a lot of
a lot of
3 Read the text and answer the questions.
The ancient Peruvians had, by 500 BC, developed nearly every form of weaving technique. Some of the
patterns were so complicated that even modern day machinery cannot replicate them. They used a
simple back strap loom to make brocades, tapestries and double cloth. Some of the embroidery was so
complex that the entire piece consisted of tiny stem stitches. Images on some of the materials were also
created using paint. The ancient Peruvians used a huge variety of different colours for their textile work;
over two hundred different colours have already been identified. These were made from a number of
different sources including plants, insects and minerals.
1 What machine did the ancient Peruvians use to make brocades?
2 How many colours did the ancient Peruvians use?
3 Where did they get the colours from for their textiles and paints?
4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1 When I (arrive)
at work this morning, I was (prepare)
for a very busy day.
2 By the time I made it to the office, the meeting (begin, already)
without me. My
supervisor (be)
very angry.
3 Since I began working here, I have (perform)
several jobs. Now I am (charge)
of training.
10
Textiles
11
1 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1
2
3
4
5
The message
(take) by the receptionist.
The delivery driver
(give) the wrong directions.
Esta
(thank) for her hard work.
The production output
(monitor) closely by the supervisor.
More than half of the employees in the study
(identify) as being happy with their
salary.
2 Complete the text with the words listed below.
textile research chemistry materials environmental dyeing
1
2
Textile
can be divided into three main areas. Firstly there is
and finishing
3
chemistry. Secondly there is fibre and polymer chemistry and finally
science, which looks
4
at the blending of different textile materials. In the textile business,
chemists work in
5
a variety of different areas, including
and development (R&D), process development,
6
process modification, technical services,
testing, as well as dyeing and finishing.
3 Read the note and answer the questions (1–3).
Sophia
The power supply to the machining room has failed. I have called an engineer, but he
is not available until 4pm this afternoon. Can you halt production in the cutting room
so we don’t get a backlog. You might need to contact our customers about a short
delay in delivery.
Thanks
Jorge
1 What’s the problem?
2 What has Jorge asked Sophia to do?
3 What might Sophia have to do?
4 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.
1
2
3
4
Let’s
what is blocking the loom.
a to find out b finding out c find out
We have to shut
the production line immediately.
a up b down c out
How are you planning
the delivery schedule?
a do b doing c to meet
The conveyer belt is wearing
- it’s time to replace it.
a off b on c out
Textiles
11
12
1 Find eight words relating to fibres.
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
alpacasuri huacaya corriedale
junin criollo churro
merinos illmanke
a
c
h
h
u
a
c
a
y
a
s
o
i
a
l
l
h
i
m
l
c
r
i
o
l
l
o
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m
p
j
r
s
s
b
p
r
l
e
a
u
i
t
h
n
a
r
m
r
c
n
e
r
e
s
s
s
a
i
a
i
d
e
a
w
p
n
n
n
s
n
a
w
r
e
i
b
k
o
u
d
l
n
s
r
n
i
e
s
r
b
e
c
h
u
r
r
o
t
i
2 Complete the table about fibres with the words listed below.
silk cotton flax mohair jute linen alpaca cashmere wool hemp
Natural
(Protein) Animal
cotton
silk
3 Complete the sentences with the words listed below.
wool lycra nylon acrylic polyester
1
fibre is used in all different types of clothing.
2
fibre is used to imitate wools.
3
fibre is used to imitate silk.
4 Spandex is also known as
.
5
can refer to the hair of domestic goats and sheep.
4 Label the different fibres with the words listed below.
mohair cotton wool linen silk
1
2
3
4
5
1
12
Textiles
2
3
4
5
13
1 Match the colours (1-5) with the original natural source of the dye (a-e).
1
2
3
4
5
yellow
blue
red
purple
pink
a
b
c
d
e
sea snails
cherries
cochineal
saffron
woad
2 Find eight words relating to fabrics.
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
cochineal chapi chapi qaqa sunka collpa
tara alpaca qolle
c
d
t
s
g
h
y
q
s
t
c
h
a
p
i
c
h
a
p
i
o
o
r
r
p
h
a
q
u
d
c
p
a
e
p
o
q
a
r
a
h
q
u
i
c
o
w
s
p
l
i
r
d
o
s
r
v
u
l
p
n
s
q
o
l
l
e
n
e
a
e
y
i
i
w
s
c
k
p
c
a
r
c
o
l
l
p
a
u
a
l
i
n
d
i
g
o
h
r
s
3 Read the sentences and underline the unnecessary articles.
1
2
3
4
5
She has got an experience of working in a factory.
Stop! Something has a caught in the machine.
I don’t know how to work this machine. I need a more instructions.
Our employees have the good first aid skills.
Which the shifts are you working this week?
4 Read the text and answer the questions.
Dyeing can be carried out using continuous or batch production processes. For batch dyeing, around
100-5000 kg of textile substrate is loaded into the dyeing machine. Over several hours, the dye will colour
the fibres of the textile. How long this takes depends on the use of other chemicals, the temperature of
the dye bath and other factors. The dye is then fixed in the fibre using either heat or chemicals.
The coloured textile is then washed to remove any unfixed dyes and chemicals. In the continuous dyeing
process, the first stage is the application of the dye. The dye is then fixed with chemicals and heat, and
then the textiles are washed. The dye fixing is much more rapid in this process than batch production.
1 Which process is the fastest?
2 What is used to fix the colour in the fabric?
3 What is the last stage of the process in batch production?
Textiles
13
14
1 Match the finishing processes (1–6) with the descriptions (a–e).
1
2
3
4
5
6
mercerising
bleaching
raising
calendering
dyeing
singeing
a
b
c
d
e
f
removing natural colouration
applying caustic soda to cause the fibres to swell
immersing fabric to add colour
burning off surface fibres to produce smoothness
using sharp teeth to lift surface fibres
passing the fabric between heated rollers to generate a surface effect
2 Complete the dyeing process flow chart with the processes listed below.
extraction garment loading binder exhaustion rinsing tumble drying cationization pigment exhaustion
3 Garments are assembled in a certain order. Number the processes 1 –7 for assembling a skirt.
Process
Order
Join back seams
Make the pockets
1
Join waistband to top
Insert zip
Turn up hem
Join side seams
Stitch pockets to front
4 Read the text and answer the questions.
A Catex machine allows colour to be monitored during textile production. The machine uses a ‘special
eye’ that can identify colour variations. The majority of textile businesses rely on the human eye to check
for colour variations. The human eye can recognise as many as 30,000 different colours. In Europe alone
some 160 million metres of dyed fabric is discarded each year due to discolouration. The new artificial
eye was developed as a result of space technology.
1 How was the artificial eye developed?
2 How many metres of discoloured textile is discarded each year?
3 How many colours can a human eye recognise?
14
Textiles
15
1 Complete the sentences with much or many.
1
2
3
4
How
stitches are there?
The machine keeps jamming because there is too
The pattern is wrong as there are too
How
time is left?
yarn.
stitches.
2 Match the items (1–5) with the definitions (a–e).
1
2
3
4
5
order
supplier
bid
costs
purchasing
a
b
c
d
e
buying
a price that a company offers to do work for or supply parts for if it wins the order
to request goods from a company
a person or organization that provides goods or services
the amount of money spent on running a business
3 Complete the order form with the column headings listed below.
description quantity total item number unit price
ORDER FORM
Special Fabrics 22 High Street, Oxford, +44 1865 887564
1
2
3
4
5
VB5- TRC
White Cotton Thread
250
£2.22
£555.00
GH9 - FGB
Packing Boxes
45
£0.19
£8.55
TOTAL
£563.55
Delivery Address
JCPS Ltd
Murraytown Park
Birmingham SO98 1DE
4 Find eight words relating to knitting.
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
float loop yarn
tuck length angora
purl repeat
f
k
a
l
a
l
a
v
s
s
l
o
o
p
m
e
s
p
r
i
o
o
v
k
n
n
d
o
e
n
a
p
c
j
g
g
f
u
p
k
t
u
c
k
t
t
g
a
e
e
w
s
q
f
h
h
h
n
a
r
p
u
r
l
s
s
e
g
t
s
b
i
n
d
o
f
f
o
i
i
o
b
w
d
o
a
r
r
n
n
o
y
a
r
n
r
t
a
g
k
Textiles
15
16
1 Label the pictures with the words listed below.
latch lever bobbin hook
1
2
3
1
2
3
2 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.
1 Let’s
what is causing the stoppage.
a to discover
b discover
c discovery
2 We have to
down the machine straightaway.
a shutting b shuts
3 How are you planning
this job?
a to do b doing
c shut
c do
3 Label the diagram of a knitting machine system using the words listed below.
latch needles sinkers brushes yarn carrier (feeder)
1
4
1
2
3
4
3
2
4 Complete the text with the words listed below.
altering samples cutter dummy templates production
A pattern
acts as a link between the design and manufacturing stages in clothing
3
. They create pattern
from working drawings produced by a fashion
4
designer, and work with machinists to make up
.
1
2
There are three different methods to create patterns:
•
5
draping pieces of material over a
, shaping and pinning them around the ‘body’ until
they fit correctly, then cutting out a pattern based on the pieces
6
and shaping flat, standard pattern ‘blocks’ into a style
modifying non-standard pattern ‘bases’ taken from the company’s pattern library.
•
•
16
Textiles
17
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
Knitting technicians operate machines that knot yarns into fabrics. They are responsible for the routine
maintenance of their machines. Many garments and textiles are knitted. The technician will need to
know which yarns should be used for each type of garment and how they are set up in the machine.
Many businesses use mechanically operated machines, whilst others have automated machines. In this
case the technician will be responsible for several machines at the same time.
1 Who is responsible for day to day maintenance?
2 What are the two options for knitting machines used in factories?
3 What does a knitting machine do?
2 Label the pattern diagram with the terms listed.
hemline seam allowance cutting line fold line dart
1
2
3
4
5
5
1
4
2
3
3 Read the text and answer the questions.
A textile designer can be involved in creating woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics. They create patterns
for clothing, textiles and carpets. They can be involved in the whole of the production process from the
raw materials to the finished product. Designers may use a variety of methods to create their designs,
including pencil and paper, software or paint. They then choose the fabrics and have the designs printed
or woven into them. They can also use dyeing and printing for their designs.
1 What are the three main types of fabric used by a textile designer?
2 What are the three ways a designer might design their creations?
3 What part of the process can a textile designer be involved in?
Textiles
17
18
1 Find ten words relating to fabrics.
p
p
s
o
l
v
e
n
t
s
The words read from left to right (→)
and top to bottom (↓).
polymer synthetic natural
atomic molecular bonding
pigment hue spectrum solvent
o
o
b
o
o
s
n
u
h
m
l
l
o
n
o
p
a
p
o
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
l
h
m
d
d
u
c
u
g
v
e
e
e
i
p
e
t
r
m
b
c
r
r
n
e
s
r
a
e
m
u
b
o
g
c
p
u
l
n
n
l
e
p
g
t
e
m
i
t
i
a
a
t
o
m
i
c
s
e
u
r
2 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.
1
2
3
Which chemical dye will
the right colour?
a create
b creating
c creatable
What is the right
method?
a dye
b dying
c dyeing
What is the final formula for the
process?
a manufacture
b manufacturing
c manufacturer
3 Match the terms (1–3) with the definitions (a–c).
1 functional dyes
2 photochromism
3 organic synthesis
a colour changes as a result of chemical reactions
b use of dyes for hi-tech applications
c reversible changes of colour when exposed to light
4 Label the picture of a sewing machine with the parts listed below.
bobbin housing thread guide foot and needle bobbin winder spool pin tension knob reverse stitch button stitch length adjustment stitch selection knob manual knob bobbin winding fence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
8
11
1
2
3
8
9
10 11
7
4
5
6
18
10
Textiles
Answer Key
Unit 1
Unit 4
1 1 b 2 e 3 c 4 d 5 f 6 a
2 1 adapt
2 approve
3 assembly
4 conception
3 1 safe
2 Italian
3 calculator
4 hazards
4 s
w e a v e
c
i
s
s
o
r
s
d
5
6
7
8
design
development
production
specify
5
6
7
8
employer
material
cut
soft
a
t
h
r
e
e
e
d
t
t
e
l
r
a c u t
e
n
c o t
t o n
g a r m e n t
1 1 Have you finished cutting?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
We have done the altering.
Have you and Juan finished it?
We haven’t done it.
They pinned the garment.
We have made the adjustments.
He worked with Sophia.
When did they mend it?
2 1 A light pen.
2 The computerised patterns need to be checked.
3 An automated cutting machine can be used or the fabric can be cut by hand.
3 1 wide
2 high
3 long
Unit 3
4 deep
5 heavy
3 blade
4 brush
2 1 industry
4 clothes
5 fibres
6 yarn
2 cutter
2 process
3 textiles
3 1 Flax or silk
2 Wool
3 Hemp
2 1 twill weave
3 satin weave
2 threads
3 cloth
2 plain weave
3 h a r n e s s
e
d
d
l
e
t
w
i
l
l
h
u
t
t
l
e
r
i
s
w e
a r
y a r n
p
l o o m
p l a i n
j a c q u a r d
4 1 Rope 2
3
4
5
Warp bar Shed String Shed Stick Heddle Stick
6
7
8
9
10 Batten
Shuttle or Bobbin
Warp Bar
Back Strap
Beater
Unit 5
1 1 f 2 e 3 c 4 a 5 b 6 d
2 1 b 2 a 3 e 4 c 5 d
3 1 bias
3 crosswise grain
4 lengthwise grain
4 1 fall behind
4 chase up
5 catch up
6 get on with
2 selvage
2 carry out
3 hold up
Unit 6
1 1 to switch on
2 sweeping
3 work
4 serving
5 to apply
2 1 c 2 a 3 e 4 f 5 d 6 b
3 1 1200
1 1 brush
4 felting
5 warp
6 characteristics
p
n
Unit 2
3 1 fabric
4 Flax
5 Silk
4 1 e 2 a 3 f 4 b 5 c 6 d
2
3
4
5
6
One hundred and twenty thousand
6, 000, 000
Fourteen and a half million
54.5%
Sixty percent
4 1 When do you want delivery?
2 What is the minimum order?
3 What other colours do you offer?
4 Can I order three thousand please?
Unit 7
1 1 Ring spinning
2 It opens, cleans and blends fibres
3 5%
2 1 g 2 kg 3 in 4 mm 5 cm 6 m 7 km 8 y
Textiles
19
Answer Key
3 1 polymer chip
2
extrusion
3 bonding
4 winding
5 laydown
6 fibre
4 1 fibre
4 native
5 Americas
2 plants
3 seed
Unit 8
1
b o b b i n
w
e
o
a
v
t
e
w e f t
n
r
b
a
l t
o t
o e
m n
Unit 10
1 1 on 2 at 3 in 4 at 5 in 6 on
2 I’ve got…
a little
a few
lots of some
a lot of
I haven’t got…
any
many
much
lots of
a lot of
3 1 Back strap loom
2 200
3 Minerals, insects and plants
4 1 arrived/ prepared
2 had already begun/ was
3 performed/ in charge
Unit 11
t h r e a d
h e d d l e
2 1 warp
3 fringes
4 selveges
2 wefts
3 1 carefully
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
clear
early
fast
fresh
well
hard
immediately
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 late
patiently
polite
quickly
quiet
regularly
serious
slowly
4 1 shift
4 early
2 late
5 overtime
3 finish
6 leave
1 1 was taken
4 was monitored
5 were identified
2 1 chemistry
4 textile
5 research
6 environmental
Unit 12
1
3 1 c 2 a 3 b
4 s
y
d
h o u r e
l a t e
i
a
y
a
f
r
r
t
s t a r t
l
y
w e e k
m i n u t e
f i n i s h
20
Textiles
c j u n i n
i e d a l e
i
c
h
o
h
u
l
u
r
a
l
c
o
r
a i l l m a n k e o
y
m e r i n o s
a l p a c a s u r i
c o r r
2 1 I enjoy working here; it is a good company to
work for.
My shift pattern changes weekly.
I work Monday to Friday; 8.00am to 5.30pm.
I look forward to Friday; it’s payday.
failed.
2 Halt production in the cutting room.
3 Sophia may have to contact customers about a short delay in delivery.
4 1 c 2 b 3 c 4 c
1 1 d 2 c 3 a 4 e 5 b
2
3
4
2 dyeing
3 materials
3 1 The power supply to the machining room has Unit 9
2 was given
3 was thanked
2 Natural
(Protein) Animal
CottonSilk
Flax
Mohair
Jute
Alpaca
Linen
Cashmere
Hemp
Wool
3 1 polyester
4 lycra
5 wool
4 1 Wool 4 Silk
5 Linen
2 acrylic
3 nylon
2 Mohair 3 Cotton
Answer Key
Unit 13
4 f l o a t
o
o
p
1 1 d 2 e 3 c 4 a 5 b
2
c o c h i n e
h
t a r a
q
o
p
i
l
c
l
h
e
q a q a s u n k
a l
c
o
l
l
p
a
3 1 an
1 1 latch lever
3 brushes
4 yarn carrier (feeder)
4 1 cutter
4 samples
5 dummy
6 altering
cationization
rinsing
pigment exhaustion
binder exhaustion
exhaustion
tumble drying
Join back seams
Make the pockets
Join waistband to top
Insert zip
Turn up hem
Join side seams
Stitch pockets to front
Order
3
1
6
4
7
5
2
1
p
s
o
l
v
e
n
t
3 many
4 much
2 much
2 Paper and pencil, paint or software
3 Just the design and choice of fabric or the whole process from raw materials to the finished product
Unit 18
2 160 million
3 30,000
1 1 many
4 seam allowance
5 cutting line
2 dart
3 hemline
3 1 Woven, non-woven, knitted
Unit 15
2 Mechanical or automated
3 It knots yarn into fabrics (or garments)
2 1 fold line
4 1 As a result of space technology
2 production
3 templates
1 1 The knitting technician
2 1 garment loading
3Process
2 sinkers
Unit 17
1 1 b 2 a 3 e 4 f 5 c 6 d
3 1 latch needles
2 It is heated and chemicals are added
3 The textiles or fibres are washed
2
3
4
5
6
7
3 hook
2 bobbin
2 1 b 2 c 3 a Unit 14
l
Unit 16
4 1 Continuous
t
a
r
n
a n g o r a
r e p e a t
4 the
5 the
2 a
3 a
p
u
r
l e n g t h
a l p a c a
u
c
k
2 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 e 5 a
s
o l y
b o n
t
h
s p e
n a t
p i
c
m o l
a
t
o
m
u e
i
c t r u m c
u r a l
g m e n t
m e r
d i n g
e c u l a r
2 1 a 2 c 3 b
3
3 1 b 2 c 3 a
ORDER FORM
Item number
Special Fabrics 22 High Street, Oxford, +44 1865 887564
Description
Quantity
Unit price
Total
VB5- TRC
White Cotton Thread
250
£2.22
£555.00
GH9 - FGB
Packing Boxes
45
£0.19
£8.55
TOTAL
£563.55
Delivery Address
JCPS Ltd
Murraytown Park
Southampton SO98 1DE
4 1 Bobbin winder
2
3
4
5
6
7
Spool pin
8
Thread guide9 Tension Knob 10 Foot and needle
11 Bobbin housing
Reverse stitch button
Stitch length adjustment
Stitch selection knob
Manual knob
Bobbin winding fence
Textiles
21
acknowledgements
Cover image by: Alamy Images (Traditional textile production/Ivan Vdovin)
Illustrations by: Oxford Designers and Illustrators.
3
www.oup.com
A001185