[PDF] The Voyage of the ‘Frolic’: New England Merchants and the
Opium Trade Download Online
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Book details
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Author : Thomas N.
Layton
Pages : 248 pages
Publisher : Stanford
University Press 199908-01
Language : English
ISBN-10 : 0804738491
ISBN-13 :
9780804738491
Book Synopsis
In the late summer of 1984,
the author and a group of his
archaeology students
excavated fragments of
Chinese porcelain at the site
of a Pomo Indian village a
hundred miles north of San
Francisco. How did these
ceramics, which were more
than a hundred years old, find
their way to this remote area?
And what could one make of
local legend that told of
Pomo women wearing
Chinese silk shawls in the
1850 s? The author
determined to find the
answers to these questions,
never dreaming that his quest
would eventually involve the
lives of nineteenth-century
Boston merchants, Baltimore
shipbuilders, Bombay opium
brokers, and newly rich
businessmen in gold rush San
Francisco.The author soon
learned that in 1850 the
clipper Frolic, a sailing ship
built specifically for the
Asian opium trade, had
wrecked on the Mendocino
coast, a few miles from the
Pomo village. He unearthed
the business records of its
owners, A. Heard &Co.,
which showed that
respectable Bostonians had
made their fortunes running
opium from India to China.
The family histories of the
firm s two most influential
partners are traced from the
American Revolution to their
joint decision to order a
custom-built Baltimore
clipper for the opium trade.
In describing the design,
construction, and outfitting of
the Frolic, the author was
aided by a stroke of luck?a
slave named Fred Bailey,
later known to the world as
the abolitionist Frederick
Douglass, worked in the
Frolic s shipyard in 1836 and
wrote detailed descriptions of
the building of such
ships.The Frolic, under
Captain Edward Faucon (who
was depicted as the "good"
captain in Richard Henry
Dana s Two Years Before the
Mast) plied the opium trade
from Bombay to China from
1845 to 1850. The author
describes the political,
financial, and logistical
aspects of the profitable
enterprise before 1849, when
the introduction of steam
vessels into the opium trade
made the Frolic obsolete as
an opium clipper. However,
the California gold rush
created a lucrative market for
Chinese goods, and the Heard
firm dispatched the Frolic to
San Francisco with a diverse
cargo that included silks,
porcelain, jewelry, and
furniture. When the Frolic
wrecked on the Mendocino
coast, the Pomo Indians
salvaged its cargo, and the
vessel s history passed into
folk tradition.The subsequent
lives of those intimately
associated with the Frolic are
profiled. The owners families
preferred to forget the source
of their fortunes, and prior to
her death in 1942, the
daughter of the Frolic s
captain burned her father s
papers to preserve his
reputation. She could not
know that in 1965 sports
divers would discover the
remains of her father s opium
clipper, and that 134 years
after its wreck, the Frolic s
story would inspire an
archaeologist-anthropologist
to pursue its colorful history.