Ohio Academic Content Standards
Welcome to Mr. Gluckin’s
Science Class Connect
• Investigate the great variety of body plans and
internal structures found in multicellular
organisms.
• Investigate the great diversity among organisms.
1/28/13
This week’s topic is on:
Diversity of Life part 1 of 2
A big question …
• Why is life so diverse?
• Why are there so many forms of life?
Corresponding Study Island lesson is:
3d. Diversity of Life
Please complete the above study island
assignment by 4pm 1/31/13.
Organisms “make a living” from
their environment.
• Wildebeest
• Cattle
Similar environments lead to
similar forms.
• Sugar glider (Australia)
• Flying squirrel (N. America)
Vocab. Terms
body plans - the general structure each individual organism
assumes as it develops
internal structures – body structure elements within an
organism
multicellular organisms - organisms that consist of more than
one cell
Diversity of life - variability among living organisms
Invertebrate - animals that do not have a backbone, or any
other types of bones
Vertebrate - animals that have backbones
Vascular Plant – can conduct water
Nonvascular Plants – cannot conduct water
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Domains of Life
There is a wide variety of life on this Earth
and not all life looks the same.
Diversity can be found in both the plant and animal
kingdoms, but also in the microscopic world of
bacteria and archaea.
Previously, we learned that cells were the basic
building blocks of all organisms and that we get our
body structure information through heredity.
Organisms are either:
•
Unicellular (singled celled organisms)
•
Multicellular (made up of many cells)
Domain Bacteria
• Smallest and simplest
lifeforms
• Unicellular (one-celled)
• No nucleus
• Bacteria and cyanobacteria
Three basic shapes:
• round (cocci)
• rod (bacilli)
• spiral (spirilli)
Bacteria
• Threadlike Fungi
Kingdom Fungi
• Multicellular; complex
• Cell walls, no chlorophyll
• Threadlike fungi (bread mold)
• Club fungi (mushrooms)
• Sac fungi (yeast and mildew)
• Club Fungi
• Sac Fungi
2
Kingdom Plantae continued
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular, cell walls, and
chlorophyll
• Largest and longest-living
things on Earth
• Vascular or Nonvascular
• Plants use photosynthesis to create their own food.
• The plant cells use the organelle called chloroplasts
that collect sunlight energy during the day, and
produce glucose at night.
• Most plants are made up of vascular systems (tubes)
which transport food, oxygen and carbon dioxide
throughout the plant.
• Roots are designed to pull nutrients and water from
whatever the plant sits upon (water, dirt, sand, etc.)
• Stems and leaves make up majority of plant.
Terminal and auxiliary buds control growth of plant
Match the Kingdom!
Nonvascular Plants
• CANNOT conduct water
• Example: Moss
• Moist environment
http://nortonbooks.com/college/biol
ogy/animations/ch03a01.htm
Nonvascular Plants
Vascular Plants
• CAN conduct water
• Capable of living in drier areas
• Club mosses, Ferns, Horsetails,
Gymnosperms, and
Angiosperms
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Gymnosperms
• Seed plant
• Name means “naked seed”
• Most are conifers
Angiosperms -Flowering Plants
Angiosperms -Flowering Plants
• Seed plant
• name means “covered seed”
• Seeds are produced inside
ovaries
• A ripened ovary is a fruit
• Largest/most diverse plants
Animals
The animals can be broken into two main groupings.
Invertebrate - animals that do not have a
backbone, or any other types of bones, like a
snails, earthworms, beetles or star fish
Vertebrates – animals that have a backbone, like
frogs, snakes, birds, and mammals
Arthropods (invertebrate)
• Largest group of animals
• Multiple body segments
• jointed appendages (legs/arms)
• Exoskeleton (hard outer covering)
• Well-developed organs
• insects, lobsters, crabs, and
spiders
4
Arthropods (invertebrate)
Which ones
meet the
description
we just
read?
Arthropods (invertebrate)
Which ones
Meet the
Description
We just
read?
Vertebrates
Vertebrates
• Have backbones
• Body with a head and most
have appendages
• Endoskeleton
(internal skeleton for
support/protection)
• Have backbones
• body with a head and most have
appendages
• endoskeleton (internal
skeleton for
support/protection)
Vertebrates (continued)
• Endotherm (warm- blooded); these
organisms can control their body
temperature from within despite
changes in the environment,
(birds and mammals)
• Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body
temperature changes with the
environment (reptiles)
Bony fishes
• Flounder, eels, trout, and others
• SKELETON MADE OF BONE
• Gills
• Streamlined bodies (narrow
shape)
• Most numerous group of fish
5
Bony fishes
Amphibians
• Dinosaurs
• Turtles, snakes, lizards,
crocodiles, and alligators
• Lay eggs in a leathery shell
Reptiles
Amphibians
• Frogs, toads, salamanders
• Part of their life is spent on land
and part of life is spent in the
water; (ectotherms)
• Smooth, moist skin
• Gills when they are young and
have lungs as adults
Reptiles
• Adapted to live on land
(terrestrial)
• Breathe with lungs
• Body covered with plates or
scales
• Ectotherms
Birds
• Bodies adapted for flight (light,
bones, feathers, and wings)
• Scaly legs and feet
• Lay eggs in a hard shell
• Endotherms
6
Birds
Mammals
• Advanced nervous system;
highly developed brain
• Endotherms
• Hairy bodies
• Can occupy several habitats
• Give birth to live young;
produce milk mammary glands
Taxonomy Game
Questions
• What is the difference between
an ectotherm and an
endotherm?
• How is a vertebrate different
from an invertebrate?
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nat
ure/classifying-life.html
Questions
• Which animals spend part of
their life on land and part of it
in the water?
• What type of animals have
scales or hard plates?
Questions
• Which two groups of animals
are warm-blooded?
• What is the difference between
the eggs of reptiles and birds?
7
Think about this. What kind of
animal …
Platypus
How would you classify it?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• The first scientists
to examine a
specimen believed
they were the
victims of a hoax.
Has fur
A bill like a duck
Lays eggs
Nurses its young
Has webbed feet
Males have poisonous claws
A tail like a beaver
http://www.australianfauna.com/pla
typus.php
http://animals.nationalgeographic.c
om/animals/mammals/platypus/
Vocab. Sketch
Web Resources
body plans internal structures –
• www.studyisland.com
multicellular organisms Diversity of life -
• http://www.biology4kids.com/
Invertebrate Vertebrate -
• http://animaldiversity.ummz.u
mich.edu/site/index.html
Vascular Plant –
Nonvascular Plants –
OAA Writing
OAA Writing
After our investigation of the many
varieties of life, explain what makes plants
different from animals. 2 points
After our investigation of the many
varieties of life, explain what makes plants
different from most animals. 2 points
Plants have different
ways of supporting themselves and supplying energy.
B
Cell wall and chloroplast
Animals generally
have a skeletal or
Exoskeleton system
A
Most get energy
from plant/animals
consumed
8
OAA Writing
After our investigation of the many
varieties of life, explain what makes plants
different from most animals. 2 points
Animals generally
have a skeletal or
Exoskeleton system
A
Most get energy
from plant/animals
consumed
Plants have different
ways of supporting themselves and supplying energy.
B
Cell wall and chloroplast
What makes plants different from most animals is their way to support
their own weight and use nutrients. First, most animals have either
a skeleton or exoskeleton structure, but plants use cell walls for structure.
Second, plants convert sunlight to energy through chloroplast, but most
animals get their energy from consuming other plants and/or animals.
FILE TRANSFER – Today’s
Slides
Thank you for coming!
Don’t forget Study Island lesson 3d
for this week.
Also complete your pathways in Math
and Reading. Do a Pathway a day!
Come to Science Zone tomorrow for
extra help 4-5pm.
Find the link in the MS Newsletter.
QUESTIONS?
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questions, you may go.
1.
3.
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• No mic? Type in your question in
advance, then press Enter when it’s your
turn.
2.
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