AMSPAR AMSPAR Guide for Self-Study Candidates From 1st February 2017 to 13th June 2017 AMSPAR Tavistock House North Tavistock Square London WC1H 9LN Telephone: Email: Website: 01022017-13062017 020 7387 6005 [email protected] www.amspar.com 1 Contents Page 1 Welcome 3 2 First Steps 3 Is Self-Study Suitable for You? 3 Registering with AMSPAR 3 Finding an Examination Centre 4 3 Suggested Sources 4 4 Study Guidance 4 General Principles 5 Getting Started 5 Ideas for Practicing 5 5 Entering for the Examination 6 6 Examination Grading 6 7 Any Questions? 7 Appendix 1 Registration Form MTR 11 2 Specification 14 3 Word Part List 16 4 Human Body Systems 22 5 Diagnostic Test Abbreviations 26 6 Medical Specialities 28 7 Pharmaceutical Abbreviations 30 8 Classification of Medicines/Drugs 32 9 Medical Qualifications Abbreviations 34 10 Sample Questions and Answers 35 11 Schedule of Fees, Venues and Examination Dates 40 12 Examination Entrance Form MTEE 43 01022017-13062017 2 1 Welcome Welcome to the AMSPAR Medical Terminology Level 3 Guide to Self-Study. This booklet has been designed to help you towards the AMSPAR / City & Guilds Level 3 Certificate in Medical Terminology. It gives practical information and some pointers to help you get started. Medical Terminology is a well-respected qualification and is suitable for those working in health care who wish to add a medical terminology qualification to their skills. It is designed to meet the needs of candidates who work or want to work as: Ambulance person Emergency Services Control Room Staff GP Practice Manager Healthcare Assistant Medical Receptionist Medical Secretary 2 First Steps Is self-study suitable for you? The Certificate in Medical Terminology Level 3 has a pass mark of 75%. For candidates who are taught at a centre the recommended hours are 82 guided learning hours (tutored contact time) in class plus another 60-100 of home-study. Therefore, before you begin, you should consider whether self-study is suitable for you and that you will be able to assign enough time to study. Registering with AMSPAR Each candidate following this route must register with AMSPAR. Registration is valid for three years and during that time you are allowed as many attempts at the exam, however, there is a fee charged every time you enter for the examination. When you register with AMSPAR, you will be asked to identify which examination centre you intend to sit the exam at (see Appendix 11). A receipt is sent via email to the address stated on form MTR. To register you will need to complete the registration form (MTR) which you will find in Appendix 1. There is a fee for this and you will need to send a cheque made payable to AMSPAR or bank transfer. The fee can be found on the registration form, but that fee will only be valid for the current academic year. Please advise AMSPAR of any change of address. 01022017-13062017 3 Finding an examination centre The examination must be taken at an AMSPAR approved centre. AMSPAR normally organises two National Examination Centres (NEC) for each sitting (see appendix 11). Satellite Examination Centres (SEC) may also be in operation but they must be approved by AMSPAR. These may be colleges, private training establishments or health service bodies, although, whatever the type and location, they will all provide the same examination on the same day and time. Examinations are held between 2.00 pm and 3.45 pm. You should plan to arrive at least 30 minutes before the start and no earlier than 1 hour before as access may not be possible at some venues. Please note: On the day of the exam you will be required to bring with you a current passport or driving licence with a photo as evidence of identity. 3 Suggested Sources You will need some of the following reference books. Mary Bird’s book is especially useful, however none are completely exhaustive and you may find terms in the examination that has not been included. 01022017-13062017 Bird, Mary Medical Terminology & Clinical Procedures 3rd Edition (Revised) Available from: iUniverse It can be purchased online from www.iuniverse.com or available at bookstores, Amazon and ebook sites on-line. ISBN: 978-1-4759-9939-6 (softcover) ISBN: 978-1-4759-9940-2 (ebook) Hutton, Andrew R An Introduction to Medical Terminology – A Self Teaching Package 2nd Edition Churchill Livingstone Gylys, Barbara A & Wedding, Mary Medical Terminology: A Systems Approach (American spellings) F A Davis Company Joint Formulary Committee British National Formulary: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain Weller, Barbara F Baillières Nurses’ Dictionary Baillière Tindall Watson, Roger Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses Baillière Tindall 4 4 Study Guidance General Principles Make sure you are able to assign time to study when you can concentrate and are not too tired - ‘little and often’ is a more effective approach than occasional marathons. There are 5 sections (learning outcomes) in the Specification and, although they are not all equal you will need to cover each of them thoroughly. Do not attempt to speculate on the content of the examination and do not concentrate on the areas that are of special interest to you. It is important to show sufficient knowledge of the subject. It is not enough to produce a purely semantic approach providing manufactured medical terms, which are not used in the medical field. Students should learn medical terminology using examples of real medical terms within a medical context. You should not simply join word parts together without any understanding of the correct terms for genuine medical conditions. Although many terms may be produced in this way, others simply do not exist. Getting Started First of all, you need to concentrate on the way medical words are constructed. A lot of medical terms are constructed from smaller units which each have a meaning. For example, ante-natal which means ‘pertaining to before birth’ is constructed as follows ante nat al - the prefix meaning before the root meaning birth the suffix meaning concerning or pertaining to (an adjective) The Mary Bird book has sections on these essential areas and is highly recommended. It’s not possible to learn medical terminology by rote as the candidate needs to understand how the various words are constructed. Ideas for Practicing • • • • • • • • • • 01022017-13062017 Write terms/prefixes/suffixes/roots on one side of a piece of paper and the meaning on the other, fold over the answers and test yourself. Have root words on small pieces of paper and transfer them from one box to another as you learn them. Get a friend to test you. Test yourself by prefix, by suffix and then test yourself by body system. set a goal to learn 3 to 5 words a day. don't learn words too late into the night Only learn words in short spurts (i.e. don't spend 3 hours glued to a list of words) At exam time make a time-table/schedule and be focused on what terms or word parts you need to review Take an interest in medical programmes/documentaries etc - candidates will hear words in common usage and can think about what they mean in a practical setting. This helps to remove the behaviourist method of learning which means that you don't forget it as easily. Use post-it notes as reminders. 5 5 Entering for the Examination Before you enter for the examination you should be satisfied that you have a good chance of exceeding the 75% pass mark. (NB Examination paper carries 140 marks). You should remember that for candidates who are taught the course in the class room there are 82 hours of teaching recommended with an addition 60-100 hours of home-study. When you wish to enter for the examination, complete the examination entry form (MTEE), (see Appendix 11 for entry deadline dates), tick the level you have been registered for and send it with the fee to AMSPAR. You can only enter the examination on the level you have been registered on. Examinations are held in February, June and November and you must submit the form by the published deadline date (normally at least 8 weeks before the date of the examination). A schedule of examination and entry closing dates is given in Appendix 11. At least two weeks before the date of the examination, candidates will be sent their enrolment number and a location map of the examination venue. Unless otherwise requested, your examination result and certificate will be sent to the address given on the Course Registration Form (MTR). It is recommended that candidates refer to past examination papers which are available from AMSPAR – see Appendix 11 for prices. 6 Examination Grading For this qualification, candidates will be required to complete a short answer test. A sample of questions and answers is included as Appendix 10. (Note – this is a sample of the type of questions only and does not have as many questions as an actual paper). No dictionaries are allowed. Out of 100% the results are graded as follows: 01022017-13062017 Less than 75% Refer Candidates will not have reached an acceptable level of knowledge and understanding of the areas of the specification that are being tested. 75% - 85% Pass Candidates will show a satisfactory knowledge and understanding of the areas of the specification that are being tested. 86% - 92% Merit Candidates will show a good knowledge and understanding of the areas of the specification that are being tested. More than 93% Distinction Candidates will show an excellent knowledge and understanding of the areas of the specification that are being tested. 6 7 Any Questions? What does Level 3 mean? The Certificate in Medical Terminology is a Level 3 Qualification in the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF), which is regulated by Ofqual. The QCF sets out the levels at which qualifications can be recognised and helps learners make informed decisions on the qualifications they need, by comparing the levels of different qualifications and identifying clear progression routes to their chosen career. To search for an accredited qualification, go to the National Qualifications Database at www.register.ofqual.gov.uk This qualification also forms part of the 5519 Level 3 Diploma in Medical Administration (5519-04). The QCF provides a way of recognising achievement through the award of credit for units and qualifications. Units within the framework are allocated: o o o a level to indicate the level of difficulty a credit value to indicate the size of the unit. 10 hours of learning time = 1 credit value. The Medical Terminology (Level 3) has a credit value of 16 The QCF recognises learning by awarding credit each time a candidate successfully completes a unit. A candidate can accumulate and transfer credit achievement over time. A unit is the smallest part of learning for which credit is awarded. A candidate can also gain credit for full qualifications. Rules of combination specify the credits which must be achieved through a particular combination of units to gain a full qualification. What happens if I fail? The initial course registration covers a period of three years from the date of registration. If a candidate is unsuccessful in their first examination they may continue to re-sit up to the end of the registration period, for which there will be an additional examination fee payable to AMSPAR. If after the third year the candidate is unsuccessful, they will be required to re-register before any further attempts will be permitted. What happens if I am sick on the day of the examination? If a candidate is unable to attend the examination due to sickness, they may be deferred to the next examination without being charged a further examination fee. This will however be only permitted upon receipt of a doctor’s certificate and subject to permission from City & Guilds. Examination fees for non-attendance for any other reasons cannot normally be refunded by AMSPAR. What happens if I have special needs? AMSPAR wishes to encourage registrations from all people. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defined disability as “physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on the ability to carry out normal day to day activities". We abide by this and the subsequent consolidation Equality Act 2010. If a candidate considers themselves to have a disability they should indicate this, together with the nature of the disability, on the Registration Form (MTR). No such requests can be considered after the examination entrance form has been submitted. 01022017-13062017 7 Examination Results AMSPAR will undertake to send results to candidates 42 working days after the date of the examination, subject to receipt from City & Guilds. Results will be posted to the address stated on form MTEE. No result details can be given over the telephone. Please advise AMSPAR of any change of address. Appeals The appeals procedure can be used for a candidate who wishes to have their script reviewed. Candidates will not be provided with their actual mark, but be given feedback on how they performed in each part of the paper. See Appendix 11 for the administration fee for this service. 01022017-13062017 8 Appendix 1 AMSPAR Registration Form MTR 01022017-13062017 9 01022017-13062017 10 AMSPAR Candidate Registration Form Medical Terminology (Self-study) MTR Complete all sections of this form and print in block capitals (the name stated will appear on any certificate) Award in MT (Level 2): Certificate in MT (Level 3): Please the appropriate level Are you already registered with AMSPAR for Medical Terminology (self-study)? If ‘yes’ state month Yes No registered at Level 2 or Level 3 year If you are progressing from Level 2 to Level 3 or you are already registered with City & Guilds, please give City & Guilds enrolment number Title Personal Details Male Female First Name Surname Present Address Town County Postcode Telephone (day) ( Mobile ( ) D.O.B. ) D D M M Y Y Email address Examination centre Unique Learner No. White 01 British 02 Irish 03 Any other white background Mixed 04 White & black Caribbean 05 White and black African 06 White & Asian 07 Any other mixed background (if available) Asian or Asian British 08 Indian 09 Pakistani 10 Bangladeshi 11 Any other Asian background Black or Black British 12 Caribbean 13 African 14 Any other black background Chinese or other ethnic group 15 Chinese 16 Any other please write in AMSPAR wishes to encourage registrations from disabled people. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defines disability as "a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on the ability to carry out normal day to day activities". Based on this definition, do you consider yourself to have a disability? YES or NO If yes, what is the nature of your disability? If alternative exam arrangements are required, the examination centre can make arrangements on behalf of the candidate and the candidate will need to complete form AEA and attach full details of an Educational Psychologist or Medical Report. This would include help for dyslexic candidates and advice with additional needs and/or disabilities as appropriate. I understand that the information requested here will be used by AMSPAR/City & Guilds and not passed on to any other parties. Signature of Applicant / Date / AMSPAR Membership No. (if applicable) / SELF-STUDY REGISTRATION, ENCLOSE A FEE WITH THIS FORM (£65.00 Level 2 or £70.00 Level 3) (CHEQUE MADE PAYABLE TO AMSPAR) 01022017-13062017 11 01022017-13062017 12 Appendix 2 Level 3 Specification 01022017-13062017 13 The Certificate in Medical Terminology Level 3 The following 5 sections together form the single unit of assessment for the Level 3 Certificate in Medical Terminology. Centres / candidates are not expected to spend equal time on each section. The aim of this unit is to enable candidates, to demonstrate a high level of knowledge in the field of medical terminology. It may help candidates to gain employment in the medical field in an administrative, clerical or secretarial role. Aim: The aim of this unit is to enable the learner to develop a basic knowledge of how to accurately construct, identify and use a specified range of medical terminology. Learning outcome The learner will: 1. understand the structure and meaning of medical word parts Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 define individual medical word parts 1.2 identify medical terms derived from the medical word parts. Range Word parts Prefixes, roots and suffixes, use of combining vowel See list in Appendix 3. Learning outcome The learner will: 2. understand the meaning of medical terminology relating to the human body Assessment criteria The learner can: 2.1 define medical terminology relating to the human body. Range Human body Includes medical terms of anatomy and physiology (structure, function, organs, systems), diseases, conditions and procedures. See list in Appendix 4. Learning outcome The learner will: 3. understand the meaning of medical terminology relating to specialist areas associated with medicine Assessment criteria The learner can: 3.1 define medical terminology relating to diagnostic departments 3.2 identify medical abbreviations relating to diagnostic tests 3.3 define terminology relating to specialist medical areas 01022017-13062017 14 Range Terminology Medical terms relating to pathology, diagnostic techniques, imaging techniques, examination instruments and procedures Diagnostic departments Pathology and clinical imaging Diagnostic tests abbreviations See list in Appendix 5. Specialist medical areas See list in Appendix 6. Learning outcome The learner will: 4. know medical terminology relating to pharmacology Assessment criteria The learner can: 4.1 identify the meaning of pharmaceutical abbreviations 4.2 describe individual classifications of medicines Range Pharmaceutical abbreviations See list in Appendix 7. Classifications of medicines See list in Appendix 8. Learning outcome The learner will: 5. know the meaning of abbreviations relating to medical qualifications Assessment criteria The learner can: 5.1 identify the meaning of abbreviations relating to medical qualifications Range Medical qualification abbreviations See list in Appendix 9. 01022017-13062017 15 Appendix 3 Level 3 Word Part List Learning outcome 1 only This list can be referred to as a framework for other learning outcomes, however candidates will need to know the full range of terminology in relation to the individual body systems. Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning a- absence of ex- out of/away/from ab- away from extra- outside acou- hearing gen- birth/origin acro- extremities hemi- half ad- towards hetero- unlike/dissimilar aero- air homo- same/like an- absence of homeo- like ana- up/excessive hyper- aniso- unequal above/high/in excess of normal hypo- low/below/under/less than normal idio- peculiar to the individual/unknown ante- before anti- against auto- self bi- two bio- life infra- below blasto- basic/immature/embryonic inter- between brady- slow intra- within/inside circum- around iso- equal co-/con- together/joined kypho- contra- against crooked humped/ curvature chromo-/chromato- colour latero- Side/sideways cryo- cold leuco-/leuko- white crypto- hidden lordo- curvature forward cyano- blue macro- large de- away from/removing mal- poor/abnormal dextra- to the right mega-/megalo- big/enlarged dia- through melano- black/dark/pigment diplo- double meta- after/beyond dorso- dorsal (back) micro- small dys- difficult/abnormal/painful mono- one/single ecto- external/outside/without multi- many en-/endo- within/in/into narco- stupor epi- upon/above/on neo- new ery-/erythro- red nulli- none eu- good/well/normal oligo- scanty/deficiency 01022017-13062017 16 Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning ortho- straight sclero- hard pachy- thick scolio- sideways/twisted pan- all semi- half para- alongside steno- narrow per- through sub- below peri- around super-/supra- above polio- grey syn- with/together/union poly- many tachy- rapid/fast post- after tetra- four pre-/pro- before trans- across/through presbyo- old age ultra- beyond pseudo- false uni- one quadri- four ventro- front/anterior retro- backwards xantho- yellow Word Root Meaning Word Root Meaning abdomino- abdomen caeco- adeno- gland (any) caecum/part of intestine adipo- fat cardio- heart albumen-/albumin- albumin/a protein carpo- wrist/hand alveolo- air sac cephalo- head amylo- starch cerebello- andro- man cerebellum/part of brain angio- vessel cerebro- brain/cerebrum aorto- aorta/main artery cervico cervix/neck appendico- appendix cheilo- lip aqua- water chiro- hand arterio- artery cholangio- biliary vessels arthro- joint chole- bile articulo- joint cholecysto- gallbladder athero- plaque lining blood vessels choledocho- common bile duct atrio- atrium/upper chamber of heart chondro- cartilage chromo- colour audio- hearing coccygo- auri- hear coccyx/part of vertebrae/spine balano- glans penis colo-/colono- colon (large intestine) bili- bile colpo- vagina blepharo- eyelid coro-/coreo- pupil of eye brachio- arm corono- heart/crown bronchiolo- bronchiole/small air tube in lung costo- rib cranio- skull containing brain broncho- bronchus/tube to the lung culdo- bucco- cheek Recto-uterine sac (Pouch of Douglas) Word Roots 01022017-13062017 17 Word Root Meaning Word Root Meaning cysto- bladder laryngo- larynx/voice box cyto- cell leuco- white dacryo- tear/tear duct linguo- tongue dento- tooth lipo- fat derm-/dermato- skin lith- stone duodeno- duodenum (part of intestine) lobo- lobe lymphadeno- lymph gland embolo- plug lymphangio lymph vessel encephalo- brain lympho- endocardio- lining of heart lymphatic, lymph/tissue fluid endometrio- endometrium (lining of uterus) mammo-/masto- breast mandibulo- lower jaw entero- intestine mastoido- mastoid (part of ear) epididymo- tubules above the testes/ testicles maxillo- upper jaw meningo- meninges/membrane epiglotto- epiglottis febro- fever feto- fetus/unborn baby covering brain & spinal cord menisco- meniscus (knee cartilage) meno- menstruation/monthly period gastro- stomach gingivo- gums glosso- tongue glyco- sugar metro- womb gyno-/gynaeco- woman myco- myceto- fungus haemo-/haemato- blood myelo- marrow/spinal cord hep-/hepato- liver myo-/myos- muscle hernio- hernia, rupture, protrusion myocardio- hidro- perspiration, sweat myocardium (heart muscle) histo- tissue myometrio- hydro- water myometrium (muscle of uterus) hystero- womb myringo- ear drum iatro doctor/physician myxo- mucous membranes ileo- ileum (part of intestine) narco- deep sleep/stupor ilio- ilium (bone of the pelvis) naso- nose immuno- immunity nato- birth irido- iris natro- sodium ischio- ischium/part of pelvis necro- death jejuno- jejunum (part of intestine) nephro- kidney kalo- potassium neuro- nerve karyo- nucleus nocto- night kerato- cornea/scaly/horny/hard skin nucleo- nucleus oculo- eye teat odonto- tooth lacrimolacto- milk oesophago- oesophagus (gullet) laparo- abdomen/abdominal wall onco- tumour 01022017-13062017 18 Word Root Meaning Word Root Meaning onycho- nail sigmoido- oo- egg/ovum sigmoid colon/part of large intestine oophoro- ovary somato- body ophthalmo- eye spleno- spleen opto- sight/eye spondylo- vertebra orchio-/orchido- testis/male gonad/male gland steato- fat sterno- sternum/breast bone osteo- bone stetho- chest oto- ear stoma-/stomato- mouth paedo- child tarso- foot/eyelid pancreato- pancreas/a gland tendino-/teno- tendon patho- disease thermo- heat pericardio- outer layer of heart (covering of heart) thoraco- chest/thorax thrombo- blood clot peritoneo- peritoneum (membrane of the abdominal cavity) thyro- thyroid/gland in neck tonsillo- tonsils/lymph gland phago- swallow, eat tox-/toxico- poison phako- lens tracheo- windpipe/trachea phallo- penis tympano- ear drum phaso- speech uretero- ureter/tube from kidney pharmaco- drug urethro- pharyngo- pharynx/throat urethra/tube from bladder phlebo- vein uro- urine/urinary phreno- diaphragm/mind utero- womb pleuro- lung covering/membrane uveo- uveal tract (parts of eye) pnoe- breathing varico- varicose veins pneumo/pneumono- air/gas/lung vaso- vessel veno- vein pnoe- breathing ventrico-/ventriculo- procto- anus/rectum ventricle (lower chamber of heart) prostato- prostate/a male gland pulmono- lung pyelo- pelvis of kidney pyloro- part of stomach pyo- pus pyro- fever recto- rectum reno- kidney rhino- nose sacro- sacrum salpingo- fallopian/uterine tube sarco- flesh sialo- salivary gland 01022017-13062017 19 Suffixes Suffix Meaning Suffix Meaning -a/ia condition of -meter -aemia blood measure/instrument to measure -ac concerning/pertaining to -metry process of measuring -al concerning/pertaining to -natal birth -algia pain -necrosis death of -ary concerning/pertaining to -oedema -blast immature cell/embryonic cell swelling caused by excess fluid -oid likeness/resembling -cele swelling/protrusion -ology study of/science of -centesis to puncture/tapping -oma tumour -clasis destruction of/break -opia condition of the eye -clast destroying/breaking -orrhage burst forth/ bleeding -cide kill/destroy -orrhagia condition of heavy bleeding -cyte cell -demic people/population -orrhaphy sew/repair -desis binding together/fusion -orrhoea flow/discharge -dynia pain -oscopy -ectasis dilatation examination with a lighted -ectomy surgical removal of -osis condition of -emesis vomiting -ostomy artificial opening into -gen producing/forming -otomy -genesis forming or origin cutting into/ dividing/incision -genic producing or forming -para/-parous given birth -gram picture/tracing -paresis weakness/partial -graph machine that records/tracing -pathy disease -graphy procedure of recording/tracing -penia lack of/decreased -pexy fixation of -gravida pregnancy -phagia swallowing -ia/-iasis condition of/state of -phasia speech -iac pertaining to -philia liking/loving/affinity for -iatric pertaining to medicine/physician -phobia irrational fear -phylaxis protection/prevention -ic concerning/pertaining to -plasia formation -iosis/-ism condition of/state of -plasty form/mould/reconstruct -itis inflammation of -plegia paralysis -lith stone -pnoea breathing -lithiasis condition/presence of stones -poiesis producing/formation -porosis thinning/channel destruction/splitting/breaking down -ptosis drooping/falling -rrhythmia rhythm -malacia softening -sclerosis hardening -megaly enlargement of -lysis 01022017-13062017 paralysis 20 Suffix Meaning Suffix Meaning -scope lighted instrument used -taxia gate/coordination to examine -tome cutting instrument -spasm involuntary contraction -tripsy crushing -stasis cessation of -trophy nourishment/food movement/flow -uria condition of urine -stenosis 01022017-13062017 narrowing 21 Appendix 4 Level 3 Human Body Systems Human Body Systems The learner should be able to identify and give definitions of terms relating to: Skeletal/locomotor system • • • the skeleton: • axial - skull (main bones) - cranium – frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal - face bones (main) – maxilla mandible - nasal - lacrimal - hyoid • vertebrae – atlas, axis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx, thorax - rib cage, sternum • appendicular - scapular, clavicle - pelvic girdle, (innominate) ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum - humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges - femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges • ossicles – maleus, incus, stapes • joints • bursae • tendons • ligaments diseases, disorders and conditions of the skeletal/locomotor system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Blood and cardiovascular system Blood The learner should be able to identify and give definitions of terms relating to: • • • • individual blood cells - erythrocytes – reticulocytes, erythroblasts - leucocytes – polymorphonuclear, (phagocytes), neutrophils - lymphocytes – monocytes - thrombocytes/platelets plasma/serum diseases, disorders and conditions of the blood medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Cardiovascular system • • the heart structures • pericardium • myocardium • endocardium • heart chambers – atria, ventricles, valves, septum types of blood vessels • major blood vessels: - arteries – aorta - veins – venae cavae 01022017-13062017 22 minor blood vessels: - arterioles - venules - capillaries diseases, disorders and conditions of the cardiovascular system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system • • • Lymphatic and immune system including body’s response to infection • • • • lymphatic structures • lymph/tissue fluid • vessels • ducts • nodes (glands) • specialised lymph glands i.e. spleen, tonsils, adenoids • immunity processes i.e. antibodies, antitoxins, antigens processes of infection and body response diseases, disorders and conditions of the lymphatic system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Respiratory systems • • • • • • upper respiratory tract structure: • nose, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea lower respiratory tract structure: • lungs – bronchi, bronchioli, alveoli • pleura thoracic cavity, diaphragm process of breathing/ventilation diseases, disorders and conditions of the respiratory system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Digestive system • • • • • structures of the digestive system • buccal cavity/mouth • pharynx • oesophagus • stomach and regions: • small intestine and regions • large intestine and regions mechanical process of digestion including peristalsis accessory organs of digestion i.e. teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder diseases, disorders and conditions of the digestive system and accessory organs of digestion medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Urinary • • • • • structures of the urinary system: • kidney and its regions - e.g. cortex, medulla, nephrons, renal pelvis • ureters • bladder and its regions • urethra process of urine production e.g. filtration urinalysis and abnormalities diseases, disorders and conditions of the urinary system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system 01022017-13062017 23 Neurology • • • • • • • central nervous system: - cerebrum, main lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) - cerebellum - cranial nerves - spinal cord and regions – cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral - meninges – duramater, arachnoidmater, piamater spinal nerves peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system main types of mental illness – psychoses, neuroses diseases, disorders and conditions of the nervous system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Endocrinology • • • • structures of the endocrine system: • pituitary gland • adrenal gland • thyroid gland • parathyroid glands • pancreas • ovaries • testes • thymus • pineal body hormone secretions diseases, disorders and conditions of the endocrine system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Reproductive (male and female including obstetrics) Male reproductive system: • • • structures of the male reproductive system: • testes • scrotum • epididymis/epididymes • penis • vas deferens • prostate gland • prepuce • seminal vesicles • urethra • perineum diseases, disorders and conditions of the male reproductive system medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Female reproductive system and obstetrics • • • • ovary • fallopian (uterine) tubes • uterus • cervix • vagina • perineum • vulva assessory organs – breast and their areas menstruation structures and stages of pregnancy including development of fertilised egg: 01022017-13062017 24 • • • embryo • fetus – amnion, chorion, placenta, umbilical cord • trimesters diseases, disorders and conditions of the female reproductive system and obstetrics medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Skin and sensory organs (eye, ear, nose) Skin • • • structures of the skin • epidermis • dermis • subcutaneous layer • adrenal glands • appendages – nails, hair diseases, disorders and conditions of the skin medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system Eye • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • eyeball eyelid sclera uveal tract – choroid, ciliary body, iris retina – rods and cones lens cornea conjunctiva chambers – anterior and posterior macula (fovea) optic disc fundus aqueous humour vitreous humour lacrimal apparatus eyelids • • external ear – pinna, auditory canal middle ear - tympanic membrane - eustachian tube - ossicles – malleus, incus, stapes inner ear – vestibule, labyrinth, semicircular canals, cochlea Ear • Nose • • • olfactory nerves for sensation of smell • sinuses • septum diseases, disorders and conditions of these sensory organs medical procedures, diagnostic tests and equipment used with this body system 01022017-13062017 25 Appendix 5 Level 3 Diagnostic test abbreviations Haematology Blood Count ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate FBC Full blood count Hb Haemoglobin MCV Mean corpuscular volume PCV Packed cell volume RBC Red blood count WBC White blood count WBC & diff. White blood count and differential Biochemistry BS Blood sugar BUN Blood urea nitrogen CPK Creatinine kinase (can indicate myocardial infarction) FBS Fasting blood sugar GI Glycaemic index GTT Glucose tolerance test GFR Glomerular filtration rate (kidney disease) HbA1c Blood test showing the amount of glucose bound to Haemoglobin HDL High density lipoproteins INR International normalised ratio (clotting time) LFT’s Liver function tests Ig Immunoglobulin LDL Low density lipoproteins pH Acid/alkaline balance PBI Protein bound iodine TFT Thyroid function tests U&E’s Urea and electrolytes T4 Thyroxine test Gases O2 Oxygen CO2 Carbon dioxide Mineral & Electrolytes Ca Calcium Fe Iron K Potassium Mg Magnesium Na Sodium P Phosphorous 01022017-13062017 26 Miscellaneous AFP Alpha-fetoprotein CIN I-IV Carcinoma intraepithelial neoplasia (stages of cancer) C&S Culture & sensitivity CSU catheter specimen of urine CVS Chorionic villus sampling EMU Early morning urine MSU Midstream specimen of urine MRSA Multiple/methicillin/methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus O&S Organism and sensitivity PAP Cervical smear test PSA Prostate specific antibody Rh- Rhesus negative Rh+ Rhesus positive Imaging tests CT or CAT Computerised tomography/computerised axial tomography DEXA Dual energy x-ray apsorptiometry/scan for bone density ECG Electrocardiogram EEG electroencephalorgram ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging IVU/IVP Intravenous urogram/intraveneous pyelogram MRI Magnetic resonance imaging RGP Retrograde pyelogram US/USS Ultra-sound scan Units ug microgram g Gram g/l Gram per litre L or l Litre NB These are only common abbreviations the list is not intended to include all abbreviations used in medicine 01022017-13062017 27 Appendix 6 Level 3 Medical Specialities Term Meaning Study of the conditions, disease and treatment of: Aetiology Study of the cause of disease Anaesthesiology Study of speciality concerning control of sensation and resuscitation Bariatrics Reduction of stomach capacity for treatment of obesity Cardiology The heart and blood vessels Dermatology The skin Endocrinology Endocrine system i.e. hormones and ductless glands Gastroenterology Digestive system Genitourinary Urinary and male reproductive system Geriatrics Elderly/old people Gynaecology Female reproductive system Haematology Blood Hepatology Liver Immunology The immune system i.e. defence system of the body Nephrology The urinary system including the kidney Neurology The nervous system Obstetrics Pregnancy and childbirth Oncology Tumours including cancer Ophthalmology Eyes Orthodontics Speciality concerning the prevention and correction of irregularities of the teeth Orthopaedics Locomotor system/bones and joints Orthoptics Speciality concerning non-surgical methods of treating abnormalities of vision including squints Otorhinolaryngology Ear nose and throat Plastic surgery Reshaping body parts/skin Paediatrics Children Psychiatry Mental illness Rheumatology Connective tissue Urology The urinary system Venereology Sexually transmitted disease Miscellaneous Aetiology Study of the cause of disease Cytology Microscopic study of cells Bacteriology Microscopic study of bacteria i.e. a classification of micro-organism Biochemistry Study of the chemical contents and processes of the body Epidemiology Study of the distribution of disease including environmental factors Forensic pathology Study of criminal investigation concerning disease/death Histology Microscopic study of tissues 01022017-13062017 28 Histopathology Microscopic study of disease of tissues Microbiology Microscopic study of micro-organisms (too small to be seen unless under a microscope) Pathology Study of disease; its effects and causes Pharmacology Drugs and their effects Physiotherapy Treatment with natural, physical means as opposed to drugs e.g. exercise, massage Psychology Study of the mind and behaviour Radiology Study of the use of X-rays in diagnosis and treatment Virology Study of viruses 01022017-13062017 29 Appendix 7 Level 3 Pharmaceutical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning *Prescription directions ac before food bd twice daily od every day om every morning on every night pc after food prn when required/whenever necessary qds four times daily qqh every four hours stat at once/immediately tds three times daily tid three times daily Forms of drugs caps capsules tab tablet troch lozenge ung ointment Modes of administration occ or oc for the eyes neb by nebuliser im or i/m or IM intra-muscular iv or i/v or IV intravenous pess/pessary for the vagina poc/POC for the eyes PR/pr per rectum/via the rectum PV/pv per vagina/via the vagina suppos suppository/via the rectum Units of measurement g grams mcg (not used in prescriptions) microgram mg milligram ml millilitre ng (not used in prescriptions) nanogram L or l litre SI International System 01022017-13062017 30 Miscellaneous BNF British National Formulary BP British Pharmacopeia MIMS Monthly index of medical specialities NP Proper name/named OTC Over the counter SLS Selected list scheme TTA To take away rep Repeat/let it be repeated Rx Take/recipe/treatment Legal classification CD/cd Controlled drug GSL General Sales List P Pharmacy only POM Prescription only medicine MODA Misuse of Drugs Act Types of drugs COC Combined oral contraceptive pill HRT Hormone replacement therapy NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug POP Progesterone only pill PPI Proton pump inhibitor SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor *Candidates will only be tested on the approved abbreviations in the BNF (as stated in the assessment criteria). Candidates may learn common variations e.g. bid, qid but these will not be tested. 01022017-13062017 31 Appendix 8 Level 3 Classification of Medicines/Drugs Category Action Ace-inhibitor Drug to treat hypertension Anaesthetic Drug to remove sensation (local or general) Analgesic Drug for relief of pain Antacid A substance which neutralises stomach acid Antibiotic Drug which kills bacteria Anticoagulant Drug which prevents clotting Antidepressant Drug which lifts the mood Anti-emetic Drug which prevents vomiting Antifungal Drug which kills fungus Antihistamine Drug which reduces histamine for allergies Antihypertensive Drug which lowers the blood pressure Anti-inflammatory Drug which reduces inflammation Anti-obesity Drug which helps reduce weight Antipyretic Drug which reduces the body temperature Antipsychotic Drug which quietens disturbed patients suffering from mania, hallucinations Antispasmodic Drug which reduces spasms of muscle Antitussic Drug which reduces coughing Antiviral Drug which kills viruses (a type of organism) Anxiolytic Drug which reduces anxiety Beta-blocker Drug which reduces high blood pressure Bronchodilator Drug which dilates the bronchial tubes (e.g. asthma) Calcium channel blocker Drug which reduces blood pressure Carminative Drug which reduces flatulence Chemotherapy Toxic drugs which kill malignant cells Contraceptive Drug which prevents conception Cytotoxic Drug which kills cells – used to kill malignant cells Decongestant Drug which relieves the congestion of mucous membranes Depressant Drug which depresses the function of the central nervous system (CNS) Diuretic Drug which stimulates the production of urine Expectorant Drug which encourages coughing up of secretions of the respiratory tract Hypnotic A drug which induces sleep Laxative Drug used to evacuate the bowel Narcotic Drug derived from opium which induces a deep unnatural sleep Prophylactic A substance used to prevent disease Proton pump inhibitor Drug which inhibits the production of hydrochloric acid by the stomach Sedative Drug which lowers function of the central nervous system (CNS) Statins Drug which lowers cholesterol blood levels Steroids Drug containing hormones usually of the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids) Stimulant Drug which increases the function of the central nervous system (CNS) 01022017-13062017 32 Tranquilliser Drug which reduces anxiety Vaccine Substance especially prepared to stimulate the body to produce its own antibodies or anitoxins to prevent disease 01022017-13062017 33 Appendix 9 Level 3 Medical Qualifications Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning BA Bachelor of Arts BC or BCh or B Chir or ChB or BS Bachelor of Surgery BM Bachelor of Medicine BS Bachelor of Surgery BSc Bachelor of Science ChB or B Chir Bachelor of Surgery CM or ChM Master of Surgery DA Diploma in Anaesthetics DCh or DS Doctor of Surgery DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery DM Doctor of Medicine FCPS Fellow of the College of Physicians and Surgeons FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons FRCGP Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners FRCOG Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCPsych Fellow of the Royal college of Psychiatrists MB Bachelor of Medicine MD Doctor of Medicine MCh or MChir Master of Surgery MCPS Member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons MRCGP Member of the Royal College of General Practitioners MRCP Member of the Royal College of Physicians MRCS Member of the Royal College of Surgeons 01022017-13062017 34 Appendix 10 Sample Questions and Answers Level 3 Certificate in Medical Terminology Unit 5519-13 The sample questions give an idea of the type of questions candidates will be expected to answer, together with sample answers (alternative answers are given as ‘OR’ in appropriate cases.) Please note that any answer, in your own words, which demonstrates a clear understanding of terms or meanings, will be accepted. If you give more than one answer to a question, only your first answer will be considered. Marks will not be awarded for incorrectly spelt medical terms. Both UK English and American English spelling will be acceptable. Whichever form is used it should be applied consistently throughout the paper. 01022017-13062017 35 Sample Questions – Certificate in Medical Terminology Question 1 Read the following passages and then follow the instructions below: The menopausal effects may lead to an increase in urinary tract infections. These can cause dysuria, fibrosis, and stenosis. The hormonal changes may produce atrophy of the vagina leading to dyspareunia with subsequent psychological effects etc, etc. Describe the meaning of the terms / abbreviations underlined in bold (in the passages above) which are listed below. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Print clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. 1 2 dysuria fibrosis 3 4 stenosis hormonal 5 atrophy To 15 questions CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS DIFFICULTY OR PAIN IN PASSING URINE CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS FORMATION OF FIBROUS TISSUE, A TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE or CONDITION OF FIBROUS TISSUE, A TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONDITION OF NARROWING or NARROWING CONCERNING THE PRODUCTION OF HORMONES I.E. SUBSTANCES WHICH TARGET OTHER ORGANS TO FUNCTION or CONCERNING ENDOCRINE FUNCTION WASTING OR SHRINKAGE OF AN ORGAN 1 mark for each question (15 marks) Question 2 Identify the medical term for the following. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Print clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. 1 2 3 4 Removal of living tissue for microscopic examination Inflammation of bone Repair of a hernia Condition of stones in the kidney 5 Examination of the bladder with a lighted instrument To 10 questions BIOPSY OSTEITIS HERNIORRHAPHY (or HERNIOPLASTY) NEPHROLITHIASIS (FOR REFERENCE PLEASE NOTE THIS IS THE CONDITION OF KIDNEY STONES, NOT 'NEPHROLITH' WHICH MEANS KIDNEY STONE) CYSTOSCOPY 2 marks for each question (20 marks) Question 3 Describe the meaning of EACH of the following medical terms. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Print clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. 1 Arteriosclerosis 2 Pyrexia 3 Neoplasm 4 Cytology 5 Hepatomegaly 6 Tracheostomy To 15 questions 20/01/2017 CONDITION OF HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES or HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES CONDITION OF FEVER or FEVER or RAISED TEMPERATURE NEW GROWTH SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CELLS or STUDY OF CELLS ENLARGEMENT OF THE LIVER ARTIFICIAL OPENING INTO THE WINDPIPE 1 mark for each question (15 marks) Question 4 Match the following terms with their correct meanings. (Place the number of the word listed in column A in the box against the appropriate meaning found in column B). (Only 10 of the given meanings are appropriate). A B Inflammation of the spinal cord 1 Prosthesis 2 Toxicology Pain in a joint 3 Hyperglycaemia Protrusion of the rectum into the vagina 4 Adenectomy 1 An artificial part 5 Phlebitis 4 Surgical removal of a gland 6 Orthopnoea 9 Examination of the rectum with a lighted instrument 7 Hypermetropia 2 Scientific study of poisons 8 Cholecystogram 5 Inflammation of a vein 9 Proctoscopy 10 Myelitis 10 Low blood sugar 6 Ability to breathe only when sitting in an upright position 7 Long sightedness 3 Raised blood sugar 8 X-ray of the gall bladder Short sightedness Enlarged womb To 10 questions ½ mark for each question (5 marks) Question 5 State the meaning of the following abbreviations. (Latin meanings are not required). Write your answers in the spaces provided. Print clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. 1 RTA 2 TIA 3 DNA 4 bd 5 mg 6 prn To 15 questions 01022017-13062017 ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACK DID NOT ATTEND or DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID TWICE A DAY MILLIGRAM WHEN REQUIRED / or WHENEVER NECESSARY 1 mark for each question (15 marks) 37 Question 6 State the meaning of the following word parts. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Print clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. 1 anti2 epi3 pyo4 colpo5 leuco6 -iasis 7 salpingoTo 15 questions AGAINST UPON PUS VAGINA WHITE CONDITION UTERINE TUBES or FALLOPIAN TUBES 1 mark for each question (15 marks) Question 7 Read the following letter carefully and then follow the instructions below: Dr GP MB ChB Health Centre Dear GP Re Ms A, aged 16. This patient of yours was admitted through the A and E Department at this hospital because of severe abdominal pain. She gave a history of 36 weeks amenorrhoea. She says she did not think she was pregnant and had not seen her doctor and therefore had not received ante-natal care. She had very marked hypertension and albuminuria. The fetal heart rate was irregular suggesting fetal distress. It was decided to carry out an emergency Caesarean Section. At operation there was haemorrhage behind the placenta ……………………… etc, etc. Yours sincerely Consultant B FRCOG Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Describe the meaning of the underlined terms or abbreviations in bold (in the letter above) which are listed below. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Print clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MB A&E amenorrhoea ante-natal hypertension albuminuria haemorrhage placenta 9 FRCOG To 15 questions 01022017-13062017 BACHELOR OF MEDICINE ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY ABSENCE OF PERIODS or ABSENCE OF MENSTRUATION BEFORE BIRTH HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE or RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE PRESENCE OF ALBUMIN (PROTEIN) IN THE URINE BLEEDING ORGAN WHICH PROVIDES FETUS WITH NOURISHMENT or AFTERBIRTH or ORGAN ATTACHING FETUS TO THE WOMB FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS 1 mark for each question (15 marks) (Total 100 marks)) 38 Appendix 11 Schedule of Fees, Venues and Examination Dates 01022017-13062017 39 Schedule of Fees, Venues and Examination Dates Candidate Registration with AMSPAR per candidate Level 2 £65.00 Level 3 £70.00 Examination fee until 30th June 2017 per candidate Level 2 £83.00 Level 3 £83.00 Past examination papers each Papers available at a cost of £15.00 administrative fee per paper (not per year) Level 2 £15.00 January, June & November 2009, January, June & November 2010, January, June & November 2011, January, June & November 2012, February, June & November 2013, February, June & November 2014, February & June 2015 Level 3 £15.00 November 2008, November 2010, November 2012, November 2014, February, May & November 2009, February, May & February, May & November 2011, February, May & February, June & November 2013, February, June & February, June & November 2015 Examination Dates for Level 2 Tuesday 1st November 2016 - *2nd September 2016 is the last date for entries for this examination Tuesday 7th February 2017 - *2nd December 2016 is the last date for entries for this examination Monday 5th June 2017 - *1st April 2017 is the last date for entries for this examination Examination Centres for Level 2 Tuesday 1st November 2016 - Central London and Cambridge Tuesday 7th February 2017 - Central London and Southampton Monday 5th June 2017 - Central London Examination Dates for Level 3 Tuesday 8th November 2016 - *9th September 2016 is the last date for entries for this examination Tuesday 14th February 2017 - *9th December 2016 is the last date for entries for this examination Tuesday 13th June 2017 - *10th April 2017 is the last date for entries for this examination *AMSPAR will not accept any examination entries after the closing date. The venue of the examinations will be published to all the examination entrants closer to the examination date. Examination Centres for Level 3 Tuesday 8th November 2016 - Central London and Sheffield Tuesday 14th February 2017 - Central London and Manchester Tuesday 13th June 2017 - Central London and Glasgow Examination Times Level 2 2.00 pm – 3.00 pm Level 3 2.00 pm – 3.45 pm Appeals Candidate appeal per script / per candidate 01022017-13062017 £72.00 40 administrative fee Appendix 12 AMSPAR Examination Entrance Form MTEE 01022017-13062017 41 01022017-13062017 42 AMSPAR Candidate Examination Entrance Form Medical Terminology (Self-study) MTEE Complete all sections of this form and print in block capitals (the name stated will appear on any certificate) Award in MT (Level 2): Certificate in MT (Level 3): Please the appropriate level you wish to be entered for. Omitting this will delay your examination entry. If previously registered with City & Guilds, please give enrolment number Personal Details Title Male Female First Name Surname Present Address Town County Telephone (day) ( Postcode ) D.O.B. D D M M Y Y Email address Examination centre Unique Learner No. (if available) Name of AMSPAR registered centre you wish to sit the examination Examination Centre White 01 British 02 Irish 03 Any other white background Mixed 04 White & black Caribbean 05 White and black African 06 White & Asian 07 Any other mixed background Test Date 20 Asian or Asian British 08 Indian 09 Pakistani 10 Bangladeshi 11 Any other Asian background Black or Black British 12 Caribbean 13 African 14 Any other black background Chinese or other ethnic group 15 Chinese 16 Any other please write in AMSPAR wishes to encourage registrations from disabled people. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defines disability as "a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on the ability to carry out normal day to day activities". Based on this definition, do you consider yourself to have a disability? YES or NO If yes, what is the nature of your disability? If alternative exam arrangements are required, the examination centre can make arrangements on behalf of the candidate and the candidate will need to complete form AEA and attach full details of an Educational Psychologist or Medical Report. This would include help for dyslexic candidates and advice with additional needs and/or disabilities as appropriate. I understand that the information requested here will be used by AMSPAR/City & Guilds and not passed on to any other parties. Signature of Applicant Date / / AMSPAR Membership No. (if applicable) SELF-STUDY EXAMINATION ENTRY, ENCLOSE A FEE OF £83.00 WITH THIS FORM (CHEQUE MADE PAYABLE TO AMSPAR) 01022017-13062017 43 / Declaration I certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, the information provided on this entrance form, together with any documents attached, is true and accurate. I understand that giving false information, or failing to disclose details, will make any entry invalid. Attach a recent photograph here Signature of applicant Print name If you do not complete all sections or sign the form to agree to the statement we may be unable to process your application. Please forward to: AMSPAR Education Department (MTEE) Tavistock House North Tavistock Square London WC1H 9LN FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date received Examination payment received / Yes / No Date receipt sent / / Date registered / / / / / / ENR Cohort Ref: Exam session entered NEC / SEC Date certificate posted Additional information: 01022017-13062017 44 Amount £
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