DECEMBER 6, 2010
TEACHER’S EDITION
Vol. 67, No. 6 ISSN 1041-1410
ISSUE DATES
Supplement to Science World
9/6
9/27 10/18 11/8-22
12/6
1/3
1/24
2/14
3/7
3/21
4/4-18
5/9
Science World has a new look! We’ve been busy this fall redesigning the
entire magazine’s layout, unveiled for the first time in this issue. The new
Science World still contains all of the same science-curriculum content and
columns that you love, but with even more in-depth diagrams, stunning
photos, and latest science news. Feel free to e-mail any comments on the
redesign or any other suggestions to us at: [email protected].
—The Editors
Content
and Summary
Features
national
science education
standards
ONLINE MATERIALS
www.scholastic.com
/scienceworld
mixed-up
species
p. 6
BIOLOGY: Genetics
Beefalo, ligers, and grolar
bears—oh my!
Grades 5-8: Reproduction and
heredity
Grades 9-12: Molecular basis
of heredity
swallowed by
a sinkhole
p. 10
EARTH: Erosion
How do these surprise
caverns form?
Grades 5-8: Natural hazards
Grades 9-12: Natural and
human-induced hazards
Challenge your students
to defend and dispute
arguments in the Check
for Understanding online
reproducible.
high-tech
hundred
p. 14
PHYSICS: Technology
The upgraded $100 note
has new features to stop
counterfeiters.
Grades 5-8: Understandings
about science and technology
Grades 9-12: Understandings
about science and technology
Test students’ reading
comprehension with the
bonus online reproducible.
Coming
Next Issue
Teacher to Teacher
• Volcanoes under
Maureen
Van Ackooy
Maureen Van Ackooy, this Teacher’s
Edition contributor, suggests:
Turn Science World into a news
program. After reading this issue of
Science World, have the students
write a brief summary of each of the
articles. Then have them read the
summaries from a news desk in the
front of the room. Students can create
fictional characters to be interviewed by
newscasters. They can even create an
“on air” personality to portray. You may
even want to include a weather forecast
to round off the news hour!
LAS
C
R
Visit Science World at: WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD for more resources.
HO
E
TI
SC
Maureen Van Ackooy, science teacher at Union Vale Middle School in LaGrangeville, New York, contributed to this issue’s Teacher’s Edition.
S
ice explosively erupt.
• What happens to
your brain when
you’re in love?
• Tony Hawk’s new
video game lets
you break the laws
of physics
Download
a PowerPoint about
hybrid animals at
www.scholastic.com
/scienceworld
CYCLE
CONTAINS
A MINIMUM
OF 10% POSTCONSUMER
FIBER
PAGE
LESSON PLANS
6
PAGE
BIOLOGY: Genetics
10
Mixed-Up
Species
Swallowed
by a
Sinkhole
PRE-READING PROMPTS:
PRE-READING PROMPTS:
• Can you think of any animals
EARTH: Erosion
Download
a PowerPoint about
hybrid animals at
www.scholastic.com
/scienceworld
or plants that are hybrids?
• Do you think that hybrid
animals occur naturally or
are bred intentionally?
• Do you think that hybrid
animals have any advantages
over their parent species? Disadvantages?
• What is a sinkhole?
• How do sinkholes form?
• Do you think that a sinkhole is a natural or human-made
feature?
DID YOU KNOW?
• The largest sinkhole on record occurred outside of Cairo,
species was first spotted in Ontario, where coyotes had
migrated from the Great Plains.
• Gregor Mendel, who is considered to be the father of
genetics, was best known for his studies crossbreeding
hybrid pea plants.
• The savannah cat is a hybrid between a housecat and a
serval (wild, big-eared, African cat). These rare, exotic
pets can cost between $1,000 and $20,000.
Egypt. It measures 120 kilometers (75 miles) long by 80 km
(50 mi) wide and is 133 meters (436 feet) deep. The
Egyptian government is considering digging a channel
from the sinkhole to the sea so that the sinkhole will fill
with water and form a lake.
• A series of sinkholes formed many years ago in
Venezuela’s Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park. Inside these
sinkholes, unique ecosystems have formed. These
ecosystems contain species of plants and animals that can
be found nowhere else on Earth.
• Blue hole is the name given to any sinkhole that forms
underwater.
Critical Thinking:
Critical Thinking:
DID YOU KNOW?
• The coywolf is a hybrid of the coyote and wolf. This
• S cientists are making new species using genetic engineering
to directly alter an animal’s genes in the lab. Fish farmers
are now seeking FDA approval for a genetically engineered
salmon that grows at twice the rate of a normal salmon. Do
you think that we should be eating genetically engineered
food like these “supersalmon?” Why or why not?
• The article discusses that some sinkholes are created by
project-based learning:
LANGUAGE ARTS/TECHNOLOGY: Write a news story about a
HISTORY/COMPUTERS: Many hybrid animals are accidentally
born in zoos. Pick your favorite zoo and research its history.
Then write a report about your findings. Be sure to mention
any notable creatures living in the zoo—including hybrids!
Start your research here: www.aza.org/findzooaquarium.
human activity. What are some other human activities that
damage the Earth’s geology? Do you think that there are
ways to prevent these types of human-caused problems
from occurring?
project-based learning:
family that came home from vacation to find that their home
had fallen into a sinkhole. Make sure your report includes
facts to inform your viewers what a sinkhole is and where
they can be found in the U.S. Include “interviews” with the
fictional family members. Take it further: Film the news
story to show to the class.
Resources
You can access these Web links at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld.
IDEO EXTRA: Watch a video of the Chestatee Wildlife
V
Preserve’s baby zedonk at: www.cbsnews.com
/stories/2010/08/05/earlyshow/living/petplanet
/main6746161.shtml.
■ Serendip, a biology education program sponsored by Bryn Mawr
College, has a multitude of activities and notes on genetics at:
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron.
■ How well can you classify critters? Take the quiz at this
interactive Web site to learn more about identifying species:
www.hhmi.org/coolscience/forkids/critters
/critters.html.
■
POSTAL INFORMATION: SCIENCE WORLD (ISSN 1041-1410; in Canada, 2-c no. 55948) is published biweekly during the school year, 14
issues, by Scholastic Inc., 2931 East McCarty St., P.O. Box 3710 Jefferson City, MO 65102-3710. Periodical postage paid at Jefferson City, MO
65102 and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTERS: Send notice of address changes to SCIENCE WORLD, 2931 East McCarty St., P.O.
Box 3710 Jefferson City, MO 65102-3710.
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December 6, 2010
Resources
You can access these Web links at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld.
IDEO EXTRA: Watch a video about the Guatemala sinkhole
V
at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=muvVDvm9rRI.
■ The U.S. Geological Survey has a fact sheet on sinkholes and
how they form:
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sinkholes.html.
■ Check out this National Geographic slide show about sinkholes
around the world: http://news.nationalgeographic.com
/news/2010/06/photogalleries/100604-sinkholepictures-around-the-world-guatemala-city.
■
Editorial Offices: SCIENCE WORLD, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999. Canadian address: Scholastic Canada Ltd., 175 Hillmount
Road, Markham, ON, Canada L6C 1Z7. Original contributions to Science World magazine or to contests, projects, and special features
sponsored by Science World magazine become the property of Scholastic Inc. Contributions cannot be acknowledged and cannot be
returned. Please send to Editor, Science World, Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999.
PAGE
14
LESSON PLANS
PHYSICS: Technology
High-Tech
Hundred
PRE-READING PROMPTS:
• How do you know if the money you use is legal tender
Do You Know Teens
Who Are Making
a Difference?
9
(and not counterfeit)?
• Are U.S. dollars printed on paper or cloth?
• How would you design a dollar bill so that counterfeiters
could not copy it?
DID YOU KNOW?
• President Abraham Lincoln originally formed the U.S. Secret
Service in 1865 to protect U.S. currency. It wasn’t until the
early 1900s that its role expanded to protecting the President.
In the 1960s it was expanded again to protect all current and
former Presidents, Vice Presidents, and their families.
• The $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 notes were printed
until 1945. The U.S. Treasury has been removing them
from circulation since July 14, 1969.
• Edward Mueller was one of the most successful
counterfeiters in history. From 1938 to 1948, he created
counterfeit $1 bills in his New York City apartment. He was
caught only after his apartment caught on fire and local
children found the strange-looking dollar bills. Mueller was
fined $1 and sentenced to a year and a day in jail.
Critical Thinking:
• Abraham Lincoln, the 16th U.S. President, best known for
ending slavery is on the $5 note. George Washington—our
first President—is featured on the $1 note. Benjamin
Franklin is featured on the $100 note. Although he was
never president, he is considered one of America’s
Founding Fathers. Do you think that Franklin deserves to
be featured on the $100 bill? If you were to design your
own bill, what person would you place on it? Why?
project-based learning:
math: Have the students measure the perimeter (2 5 length +
2 5 width) of your classroom. If a $100 note is 6.6 centimeters
(2.6 inches) wide by 15.6 cm (6.14 in.) long, how many dollars
would fit along the classroom’s perimeter?
Resources
You can access these Web links at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld.
■ VIDEO
EXTRA: For an interactive view of the new security
features on the $100 note, visit www.newmoney.gov.
■ Learn more about all of the different jobs the U.S. Treasury does
at its Web site for kids: www.treas.gov/kids.
■ Want to know more about U.S. currency? Check out this online
exhibit from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco:
www.frbsf.org/currency.
■ The NOVA program “Secrets of Making Money” has an
interactive Web site full of historical information about currency
here: www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/moolah.
If you know of teens making achievements in
areas related to life, Earth, or physical sciences,
we’d like to learn about them. Science World
is scouting for dynamic teens to feature in
upcoming issues. If you have a class or a
particular student who is making cool science
contributions, e-mail us at
[email protected], or write us at:
Attn: Amazing Teens
Science World, Scholastic Inc.
557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012
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Code). Date of Filing: October 1, 2010. Title of Publication: Science World. Frequency of issue: 14 times during the
school year: Biweekly, September, November, January, March; Monthly, October, December, February, April, and May.
Location of Known Office of Publication: 2931 East McCarty Street, Cole County, Jefferson City, MO 65101-4464.
Location of the Headquarters of the Publishers: 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999. Publisher: M. Richard
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Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999. During Preceding 12 Months Average Number of Copies: Printed each issue,
334,178; Paid Circulation, 280,648; Free Distribution, 23,884; Total Number of Copies Distributed, 305,040; Copies
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Science World
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December 6, 2010
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CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Name:
Science News
Directions: Read the “Science News” section on pages 2 to 5.
Then test your knowledge, filling in the letters of the correct answers below.
their _____.
A sharp nails
B spiky teeth
C hooked beak
D clawed wings
features that eye scans use to
identify people EXCEPT?
A crypts
B size of the iris
C furrows
D amount of pigment
2.
How fast could ancient
terror birds run?
A up to 40 kilometers (25 miles)
per hour
B up to 65 kilometers (40 miles)
per hour
C up to 100 kilometers (62 miles)
per hour
D They flew instead of ran.
3.
How long is the average
training time for bomb-sniffing
giant pouched rats?
A one week
B six months
C nine months
D one year
4.
Which is NOT one of the
reasons giant pouched rats are
used to find land mines?
A Their nostrils have special
receptors to smell TNT.
B Their light weight doesn’t
trigger the explosives.
C Their noses are close to the
ground, where concentrated
land mine vapors are.
D They have a keen sense of
smell.
6.The iris surrounds the _____.
A pupil
B sclera
C eyelids
D cornea
7.
Racetrack Playa is located
in _____.
A New Jersey
B Alabama
C California
D North Dakota
8
8.What do scientists think
moves Death Valley’s roving
rocks?
A Vibrations from earthquakes
shift the rocks.
B They blame pranksters playing
a practical joke.
C Heat expands the rocks during
the day, and at night the rocks
cool and inch forward.
D Ice forms around the rocks,
and the rocks float across the
valley when it rains.
9.
Which herb can help
reduce cows’ methane
production?
A basil
B oregano
C sage
D cilantro
10.How did a golfer start a
89
massive fire in California?
A by lighting a match
B by throwing away a lit
cigarette
C by striking a rock with his golf
club
D by rubbing two pieces of wood
together
Permission granted by Science World to reproduce for classroom use only. Copyright © 2010 by Scholastic Inc.
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Answers on TE 8
1.Terror birds killed prey using 5.All of the following are
writing skills
Name:
DESIGN YOUR OWN HYBRID
In “Mixed-Up Species” (p. 6), you read about different types of animal hybrids. If you could break
nature’s breeding barriers and create your own hybrid, what type of animal would you design? In the
space below, draw your new species. Make sure to include a common name, Latin name, illustration,
and a description of the special survival traits this hybrid would have inherited from its parents. (For
example, the skouse (skunk + mouse), or Smellius maximus, can ward off predators by releasing a
terrible odor.)
Parent 1:
Parent 2:
Common Name:
Latin Name:
Survival Traits:
Illustration:
Written by: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
School: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
School Address: ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Take It Further! Draw a Science World cover featuring your new species on the back of this sheet of paper.
Then mail it to us at: Science World, Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012.
Permission granted by Science World to reproduce for classroom use only. Copyright © 2010 by Scholastic Inc.
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MAPPING SKILLS
Name:
LOCATING CRATERS
In “Swallowed by a Sinkhole” (p. 10), you read about how sinkholes can suddenly form in karst terrain. Below is a chart
with the coordinates of several large sinkholes that have formed in the United States since 1981. Use the data in the chart
to plot out the locations of each sinkhole on the map. Complete the chart by writing in which state each sinkhole formed,
and then answer the questions that follow.
130°W
120°W
110°W
100°W
90°W
80°W
70°W
50°
50°N
N
CANADA
WA
ID
40°
WY
N
MN
SD
WI
NE
NV
UT
CO
CA
AZ
KS
OK
NM
rie
IA
IL
IN
KY
WV
MS AL
VA
0
North
LA
400 KM
0
CT
NJ
DE
MD
DC
RI
40°N
SC
GA
FL
West
30°N
East
South
200 MI
BAHAMAS
MEXICO
CUBA
Sinkholes in the United States
Analyze It
1. Which state has had the greatest number of sinkholes?
2. How many sinkholes formed in 2004? Where?
3. Which sinkhole is the farthest south? The farthest west?
4. Compare the sinkhole map above with the map on p. 12
of the Student Edition. What connection can you make between karst terrain and the locations of these sinkholes?
Date
COORDINATES
July 2010
26°N, 82°W
May 2008
30°N, 95°W
October 2004
41°N, 80°W
June 2004
38°N, 91°W
September 2002
32°N, 110°W
October 2001
38°N, 79°W
October 1993
40°N, 76°W
July 1991
27°N, 81°W
May 1981
28°N, 81°W
State
Permission granted by Science World to reproduce for classroom use only. Copyright © 2010 by Scholastic Inc.
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Answers on TE 3
Scale:
MA
NY
NC
TN
AR
N
io
PA
OH
MO
ME
VT
ntar
L. O
E
L.
30°
TX
NH
MI
ior
uper
L. S
ron
Hu
L.
OR
ND
L. Michiga
n
MT
GRAPHING SKILLS
Name:
CIRCULATING MONEY
In “High-Tech Hundred” (p. 14), you read about the new $100 note’s antiforgery features. Use the data in the
chart below to learn more about the average amount of time various denominations circulate before they are
worn out and then recycled.
Life span of U.S. Currency
Denomination
Time in Circulation
1
22
5
16
10
18
20
24
50
55
100
89
($)
(months)
SOURCE: U.S. Federal Reserve
Graph It
Create a bar graph to show how long each denomination circulates. Be sure to give your graph a descriptive title and
label the x- and y-axes.
Analyze It
1. Which denomination is in circulation the longest? The shortest?
2. How many months is the $50 note in circulation? How many years is that?
3. How many more months is the $100 note in circulation than the $1 note? Approximately how many years is that?
Answers on TE 8
4. What seems to be the correlation between denomination and length of time in circulation? Explain your reasoning.
Permission granted by Science World to reproduce for classroom use only. Copyright © 2010 by Scholastic Inc.
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